430:—domain belonging to Matilda's father; when the campaign failed, the Emperor bitterly blamed this on Henry the Lion, who refused to support his overlord, and declared that that Imperial law overruled traditional German law. Henry the Lion refused to submit, and the Emperor laid siege to Brunswick, within the walls of which Matilda just gave birth to her second son, named Lothair. She addressed the emperor as a knight, but he only sent Matilda a keg of wine and continued the siege. At the end of November 1181, Henry the Lion finally obeyed the Imperial decision and left the country for three years. Emperor Frederick I provided Matilda with income from the lands that she would have received as a widow, and invited her to stay in one of the castles located on these lands, but she decided to go into exile to the court of her father with her husband. In exile, Matilda and Henry the Lion were accompanied by their children, except one of the youngest, Lothair, who remained in Germany as hostage.
480:
320:
also a version that
Matilda was originally chosen as the wife of the Emperor's son and not her sister, but it was not possible to agree on the marriage. Preparations for the wedding began shortly after Matilda's return and the departure of the embassy, which is probably recorded in the register of English knights-tenants and their possessions, contained in the "red" and "black" books of the treasury, and drawn up in order to assess the aid collected by the King for the marriage of his daughter. At the beginning of 1167, the Duke of Saxony sent an embassy to deliver the bride to him; Matilda, accompanied by her mother, sailed from
348:
2265:
31:
544:(1173/1174 – 28 April 1227), named after his father and probably also after his maternal grandfather King Henry II of England; he campaigned with King Henry VI of Germany in Italy in 1190, but deserted in southern Italy and was outlawed at Worms in May 1192 and only restored to favour in January 1194 at Würzburg following his marriage. Inherited Brunswick after his father's death in 1195 and became
522:(1172 – 13 January 1209/10), first-born child and daughter; she accompanied her parents into exile, after which she was known as Matilda, assuming that this refers to the same daughter, but the question is not beyond all doubt as it is not clear what would have prompted her name change. Betrothed in 1184 to
319:
It was not possible to immediately agree on the marriage of
Eleanor with the Duke of Swabia, but a decision was made about an alliance between the Duke of Saxony and Matilda, who at the time of negotiations was staying with her mother in Normandy and returned to England only in autumn 1166; there is
572:
Lothair (1174/1175 – 15 October 1190). He remained in Saxony when his parents went in exile to
England in 1182 as hostage to Henry VI King of the Romans to guarantee his father's agreement to the terms of his banishment and later as a guarantee of Henry the Lion's performance with the peace terms
470:
Henry the Lion returned to
Brunswick after the death of Emperor Frederick I in 1191 and himself died in 1195, wishing to rest on the right hand of his wife in order to "sleep next to her both in life and in death". The court of Henry the Lion revered his wife as “the most religious woman, whose
462:
or go into exile before his return, and he chose exile: he went to the court of his father-in-law, while
Matilda and her children remained in Brunswick to defend the interests of her husband, where she died according to various sources on 8 June, 20 June, 28 June, 3 July or 13 July 1189 and was
1624:
Historians are divided in their use of the terms "Plantagenet" and "Angevin" in regards to Henry II and his sons. Some class Henry II to be the first
Plantagenet King of England; others refer to Henry, Richard and John as the Angevin dynasty, and consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet
394:. In the following years Matilda became the mother of at least four more children. James Panton writes that in the early years of marriage, despite her youth, Matilda ruled the vast estates of her husband in his absence. Back in Germany, Henry the Lion and his wife held a magnificent court at
471:
memory is honored before God and a man whose good deeds and sweet character enhanced the splendor of the royal family from which she came; a woman with deep piety, with wonderful sympathy for the suffering, who gave a large amount of alms and prayers”.
386:". The official residence of the Duke was located in Brunswick, where the newlyweds had a wedding feast. In Brunswick, the first child of Matilda and Henry the Lion was born in 1172 during the absence of her father, who was on a pilgrimage to the
457:
lands of
Brunswick for his daughter and her family, after which Matilda returned there with her husband and children. In the spring of 1189, the Emperor ordered Henry the Lion either to accompany him on the
3345:
621:. All subsequent Dukes of Brunswick and Luneburg, as well as the current British royal house, descended from them. Also there is a direct line from William to the current King of Denmark, Frederik X.
3801:
3753:
2127:
441:, who, calling her "Elena" or "Lana", made Matilda the object of his desire in two of his poems of "courtly love". On 12 June 1184, Matilda left for England, where in the same year in
3425:
426:
in 1180 and stripped of his lands and declared an outlaw. The reason for the conflict was the refusal of Henry the Lion in 1174 to go with the
Emperor on an expedition to
3243:
415:
In 1180, the latent conflict that had arisen a few years earlier between Henry the Lion and
Emperor Frederick I finally reached its climax when the Duke of Saxony was
3737:
3332:
3641:
3713:
3327:
3361:
308:(the Emperor's cousin and one of the most powerful German princes of his time) respectively. There was conflict during the negotiations, however, when
453:
with the
English royal family. In 1185, when the three-year term of banishment of Henry the Lion ended, King Henry II achieved the restitution of the
3777:
3322:
3314:
3809:
2378:
498:, reports on the birth of six children by Matilda: a daughter and five sons. James Panton also writes about the birth of six children by Matilda.
437:
in Normandy, where Matilda probably gave birth a son who died shortly after; during their stay there, she became acquainted with the troubadour
3236:
2181:
3857:
494:
reports ten children of the ducal couple, while Thelma Anna Leese lists only five. Kate Norgate, author of the article about Matilda in the
490:
Sources are at variance concerning Matilda and Henry the Lion's children, including their exact number, their names, and their birth order:
366:
Matilda's husband was 27 years older than her and was already married long before her birth: Henry the Lion divorced with his first wife,
2347:
3229:
2670:
2483:
309:
4003:
3833:
3593:
610:
530:, but the engagement was abandoned because the Pope refused a dispensation on grounds of consanguinity; married firstly in 1189 to
154:
4018:
4008:
3873:
3705:
3681:
2814:
2650:
3963:
3106:
3013:
1413:
3993:
2912:
2675:
4023:
3889:
3881:
3601:
3545:
3177:
2623:
2324:
2203:
746:
604:
541:
293:
146:
4028:
3968:
3673:
3086:
3076:
2799:
2789:
2635:
292:
to the English court, with the purpose of arranging a double marriage between the two daughters of Henry II, Matilda and
3998:
2917:
2473:
2240:
2174:
2009:
1990:
1971:
1939:
1920:
313:
2900:
3665:
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519:
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44:
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1527:
1149:
281:
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3978:
3865:
3625:
3393:
3210:
2779:
2468:
2342:
2319:
2299:
2167:
1932:
Blood Royal: Issue of the Kings and Queens of Medieval England, 1066-1399 : the Normans and Plantagenets
1866:
1269:
1175:
535:
531:
3529:
479:
3983:
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1233:
558:
238:
312:
refused to greet the German archbishop, alleging him to be a schismatic and a supporter of the anti-pope,
4013:
3973:
3913:
3721:
3697:
2784:
576:
297:
150:
3433:
1081:
370:, in 1162. As the ruling Duke of Bavaria, Saxony and Brunswick, reportedly everything belonged to him "
3273:
3081:
2645:
2227:
2136:
503:
409:
352:
206:
48:
36:
3553:
2110:
1468:
367:
277:
246:
2456:
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3988:
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3449:
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2774:
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2630:
1882:
Diggelmann, Lindsay (2005). "Exile and the Poetic Standpoint of the Troubadour Bertran de Born".
1023:
782:
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662:
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3158:
2117:
1207:
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3417:
2074:
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2027:
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2417:
2334:
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289:
1890:. Australian and New Zealand Association of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (Inc.): 1–16.
3958:
3953:
3897:
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2694:
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2548:
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2405:
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8:
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3044:
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2883:
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2577:
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2232:
2222:
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484:
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226:
176:
103:
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2956:
2927:
2907:
2864:
2706:
2618:
1899:
929:
596:
592:
269:
76:
515:), five children are certainly documented as offspring of Matilda and Henry the Lion:
3729:
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3091:
3051:
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2822:
2728:
2655:
2582:
2005:
1986:
1967:
1935:
1916:
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427:
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285:
265:
137:
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3283:
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1891:
600:
527:
523:
341:
3785:
3657:
3497:
3096:
2859:
2804:
2496:
2215:
2096:
987:
588:
438:
242:
234:
3609:
3288:
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3061:
450:
305:
301:
222:
117:
3947:
3569:
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2794:
2245:
2151:
562:
459:
273:
3170:
3056:
2640:
584:
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agreed at Fulda in July 1190. He died in adolescence while still a hostage.
92:
88:
1895:
1950:
553:
in the same year. Married secretly between December 1193/January 1194 to
549:
491:
2264:
614:
423:
3353:
2159:
445:
she gave birth another son, named William. In November, Matilda was in
442:
404:
325:
3401:
3377:
3337:
3032:
387:
329:
249:. In 1160, Queen Eleanor and her daughter joined the King who was in
3128:
3066:
454:
434:
408:, the first original German-language work in prose, as well as the
250:
30:
557:, heiress of the County Palatine of the Rhine and first-cousin of
3369:
333:
161:
1983:
Eleanor of Aquitaine : Lord and Lady (The New Middle Ages)
446:
337:
261:
218:
72:
3385:
377:
321:
561:; thanks to this union, the long-feud between the Houses of
390:, a daughter, named Richenza after her paternal grandmother
197:(June 1156 — June/July 1189) was an English princess of the
381:
373:
268:, particularly when he himself came into conflict with the
1820:
1742:
422:
for insubordination by a court of bishops and princes at
2202:
1798:
1796:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1844:
1832:
1808:
1793:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1709:
1686:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1641:
280:; this was reflected at the beginning of 1165, when
351:Coronation of Henry the Lion and Matilda, from the
1915:. Falla, P. S. (trans.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1781:
634:Ancestors of Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
449:with her husband and they celebrated Christmas in
209:from 1168 until her husband's deposition in 1180.
1754:
1638:
501:Following nearly contemporary sources (including
412:, a masterpiece of Romanesque book illumination.
3945:
3251:
2379:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary
1964:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
1957:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 58–59.
328:(29 September), and from there, probably after
264:, King Henry II established closer ties to the
1980:
599:, eldest daughter of his enemy and rival King
3237:
2175:
2002:Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy
1981:Wheeler, Bonnie; Parsons, John Carmi (2008).
225:, as third child and eldest daughter of King
402:erected from 1173 onwards and initiated the
1503:30. Barthelemy, Seigneur de L'Isle Bouchard
217:Matilda was born in or around June 1156 in
3244:
3230:
3157:
2182:
2168:
1881:
1748:
433:By the summer of 1182, the couple reached
237:, she was baptized shortly after birth in
29:
3861:(Munich: 1433–1435; Straubing: 1433–1435)
3821:(Munich: 1397–1432; Straubing: 1429–1432)
2846:
2754:
2671:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk
2641:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
2484:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
2443:
310:Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester
3725:(Lower: 1352–1353; Straubing: 1353–1362)
2693:
2547:
2404:
2365:
2189:
1949:Norgate, Kate (1894). Sidney Lee (ed.).
1863:Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis
613:(July 1184 – 12 December 1213), Lord of
513:Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis
483:Head of a funerary statue of Matilda in
478:
346:
253:and stayed there presumably until 1163.
233:; named after her paternal grandmother,
3805:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447)
2993:
2882:
2815:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
2651:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant
2605:
2348:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury
2279:
1948:
1736:
1703:
1389:28. Boson II, Viscount of Châtellerault
340:, where they were married in the local
35:Matilda depicted at her wedding in the
3946:
3107:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
3014:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
2955:
2062:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
1999:
1910:
1850:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1680:
1484:
1370:
1366:
1354:
1249:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1003:
883:
879:
867:
762:
652:
648:
644:
3225:
3156:
3126:
3030:
2992:
2954:
2913:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
2881:
2845:
2753:
2692:
2676:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
2604:
2546:
2442:
2403:
2364:
2310:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
2278:
2201:
2163:
2044:"Ges de disnar non-for'oimais maitis"
1929:
1787:
1557:
1547:
1543:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1502:
1492:
1488:
1472:
1466:
1456:
1443:
1433:
1429:
1417:
1411:
1401:
1388:
1378:
1374:
1348:
1338:
1325:
1315:
1311:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1267:
1257:
1253:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1205:
1195:
1191:
1179:
1173:
1163:
1147:
1137:
1133:
1108:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
1105:
1095:
1079:
1069:
1065:
1053:
1047:
1037:
1021:
1011:
1007:
991:
985:
975:
959:
949:
945:
933:
927:
917:
901:
891:
887:
861:
851:
838:
828:
824:
812:
806:
796:
780:
770:
766:
750:
744:
734:
718:
708:
704:
692:
686:
676:
660:
656:
595:. Married firstly on 23 July 1212 to
344:by Bishop Werner on 1 February 1168.
3178:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
2795:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
2624:Margaret of France, Queen of England
2325:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
2204:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
1961:
1775:
1763:
1649:
147:Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine
3103:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet
3087:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
3077:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
2800:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
2790:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
2636:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar
1414:Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault
13:
3741:(Landshut: 1359–1375; Upper: 1363)
2918:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
2474:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland
2263:
2241:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
336:. Henry the Lion met his bride in
14:
4040:
2901:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England
2019:
3797:(1381–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
2719:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
2330:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
2004:. Scarecrow Press. p. 342.
1966:. Random House. pp. 62–63.
1955:Dictionary of National Biography
496:Dictionary of National Biography
4004:Children of Henry II of England
3190:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke
1856:
1150:William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine
603:and secondly on 19 May 1214 to
282:Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
126:
4019:Mothers of Holy Roman Emperors
4009:Burials at Brunswick Cathedral
3901:(Munich: 1487–1505; 1505–1508)
2810:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke
1618:
839:19. Matilda de Château-du-Loir
1:
3964:12th-century English nobility
3866:Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
3701:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
3669:(Upper: 1324–1340; 1340–1347)
3626:Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
3605:(1254–1255; Upper: 1255–1256)
3341:(? – c. 716; c. 716 – c. 719)
3031:
2939:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde
2469:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
2343:Geoffrey (archbishop of York)
2320:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
2300:William IX, Count of Poitiers
1632:
1270:William IV, Count of Toulouse
1176:William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
536:Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy
532:Geoffrey III, Count of Perche
356:
16:Duchess of Saxony and Bavaria
3994:12th-century German nobility
3253:Duchesses consort of Bavaria
3127:
2923:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
1528:Dangerose de l'Isle Bouchard
1234:William X, Duke of Aquitaine
239:Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate
7:
4024:Mothers of Italian monarchs
3453:(c. 1000 – 1004, 1009–1017)
2028:"Casutz sui de mal en pena"
1930:Leese, Thelma Anna (1996).
1913:Henry the Lion: A Biography
625:
579:(1175/1176 – 19 May 1218),
546:Count Palatine of the Rhine
298:Frederick V, Duke of Swabia
151:Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
143:Matilda, Countess of Perche
86:June/July 1189 (aged 32–33)
58:1 February 1168 – 1180
10:
4045:
4029:Mothers of German monarchs
3969:12th-century English women
3530:Gertrude of SĂĽpplingenburg
2261:
2137:Duchess consort of Bavaria
1875:
1478:
1368:
1360:
1243:
1127:
1123:
997:
881:
873:
756:
747:Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou
650:
646:
3999:12th-century German women
3445:(before 972–976, 985–995)
3302:
3259:
3206:
3165:
3152:
3135:
3122:
3082:Anne of York, Lady Howard
3039:
3026:
3001:
2988:
2963:
2950:
2890:
2877:
2854:
2841:
2762:
2749:
2701:
2688:
2646:Alphonso, Earl of Chester
2613:
2600:
2555:
2542:
2451:
2438:
2412:
2399:
2373:
2360:
2287:
2274:
2228:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
2210:
2197:
2143:
2134:
2124:
2118:Duchess consort of Saxony
2115:
2102:
2095:
2060:
1545:
1537:
1509:
1490:
1486:
1450:
1431:
1423:
1395:
1376:
1372:
1332:
1313:
1305:
1277:
1255:
1251:
1215:
1193:
1185:
1157:
1135:
1131:
1089:
1067:
1059:
1031:
1009:
1005:
969:
947:
939:
911:
889:
885:
845:
826:
818:
790:
768:
764:
728:
706:
698:
670:
654:
587:, and later, as Otto IV,
504:Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum
410:Gospels of Henry the Lion
353:Gospels of Henry the Lion
296:, with the Emperor's son
203:Duchess consort of Saxony
182:
172:
160:
155:William, Lord of LĂĽneburg
136:
111:
98:
82:
66:
62:
54:
45:Duchess consort of Saxony
43:
37:Gospels of Henry the Lion
28:
23:
3709:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349)
3413:(Margravine: ?–907)
1611:
534:and secondly in 1204 to
509:Chronicon Montis Serreni
474:
278:Archbishop of Canterbury
247:Archbishop of Canterbury
3906:Marie of Baden-Sponheim
3877:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
3874:Margaret of Brandenburg
3845:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
3829:(Ingolstadt: 1401–1413)
3746:Ingeborg of Mecklenburg
3586:Agnes of the Palatinate
3450:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
2775:Edward the Black Prince
1558:31. Gerberge de Blaison
1024:Malcolm III of Scotland
783:Elias I, Count of Maine
663:Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
284:sent an embassy led by
212:
3853:(Straubing: 1418–1425)
3837:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
3813:(Straubing: 1394–1404)
3738:Margarete of Nuremberg
3733:(Straubing: 1353–1386)
3554:Clementia of Zähringen
3533:(1127–1138; 1142–1143)
3333:Folchiade of Salzeburg
3159:Richard III of England
2268:
2111:Clementia of Zähringen
2000:Panton, James (2011).
1985:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1469:Aenor de Châtellerault
1444:29. Alienor de Thouars
1208:Hildegarde of Burgundy
487:
368:Clementia of Zähringen
363:
258:Papal election of 1159
3930:Elisabeth of Lorraine
3893:(Landshut: 1479–1502)
3885:(Landshut: 1452–1479)
3765:(Landshut: 1366–1379)
3693:(Lower: c. 1330–1334)
3677:(Lower: 1326/28–1333)
3653:(Upper: 1308/11–1322)
3645:(Lower: 1297/99–1310)
3482:Ethelinde of Northeim
3466:Judith of Schweinfurt
2848:Richard II of England
2756:Edward III of England
2714:Edward III of England
2661:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
2457:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
2445:John, King of England
2418:Berengaria of Navarre
2335:John, King of England
2267:
1962:Weir, Alison (2011).
1951:"Matilda (1156-1189)"
1911:Jordan, Karl (1986).
1896:10.1353/pgn.2005.0018
555:Agnes of Hohenstaufen
482:
350:
290:Archbishop of Cologne
3979:House of Plantagenet
3898:Kunigunde of Austria
3850:Elizabeth of Görlitz
3842:Catherine of Alençon
3834:Margaret of Burgundy
3770:Catherine of Gorizia
3762:Catherine of Bohemia
3642:Jutta of Schweidnitz
3594:Elizabeth of Hungary
2768:Philippa of Hainault
2724:Eleanor of Woodstock
2695:Edward II of England
2666:Edward II of England
2588:Katherine of England
2549:Henry III of England
2464:Henry III of England
2406:Richard I of England
2367:Henry the Young King
2315:Richard I of England
2305:Henry the Young King
2293:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2191:House of Plantagenet
2072:Cadet branch of the
2067:House of Plantagenet
1351:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1296:Philippa of Toulouse
904:William I of England
721:Bertrade de Montfort
569:was finally settled.
396:Dankwarderode Castle
392:Richenza of Northeim
231:Eleanor of Aquitaine
221:or, less likely, at
199:House of Plantagenet
187:Eleanor of Aquitaine
167:House of Plantagenet
3984:Duchesses of Saxony
3869:(Munich: 1438–1460)
3826:Elisabeth of Cleves
3818:Elisabetta Visconti
3802:Margaret of Austria
3754:Margaret of Austria
3714:Cunigunde of Poland
3706:Elisabeth of Sicily
3698:Margarete Maultasch
3690:Richardis of JĂĽlich
3682:Margaret of Bohemia
3666:Margaret of Holland
3650:Beatrice of Silesia
3634:Mechthild of Nassau
3618:Matilda of Habsburg
3578:Ludmilla of Bohemia
3522:Wulfhilde of Saxony
3458:Gunhilda of Denmark
3418:Judith of SĂĽlichgau
3410:Cunigunde of Swabia
3194:Richard of Eastwell
3140:no consort or issue
3045:Elizabeth Woodville
2995:Henry VI of England
2976:Henry VI of England
2969:Catherine of Valois
2933:Philippa of England
2884:Henry IV of England
2607:Edward I of England
2578:Beatrice of England
2573:Margaret of England
2568:Edward I of England
2561:Eleanor of Provence
2519:Bartholomew FitzRoy
2492:Joan, Lady of Wales
2479:Isabella of England
2386:William Plantagenet
2281:Henry II of England
2251:Mary of Shaftesbury
2233:William FitzEmpress
2223:Henry II of England
1829:, pp. 192–194.
1326:27. Emma of Mortain
1050:Matilda of Scotland
962:Matilda of Flanders
864:Henry II of England
809:Ermengarde of Maine
485:Brunswick Cathedral
465:Brunswick Cathedral
400:Brunswick Cathedral
260:and the succeeding
227:Henry II of England
177:Henry II of England
104:Brunswick Cathedral
4014:Daughters of kings
3974:English princesses
3922:Renata of Lorraine
3858:Margaret of Cleves
3810:Margaret of Cleves
3794:Maddalena Visconti
3757:(Upper: 1361–1363)
3685:(Lower: 1328–1339)
3661:(Lower: 1309–1312)
3637:(Upper: 1294–1317)
3629:(Lower: 1290–1296)
3621:(Upper: 1273–1294)
3613:(Upper: 1260–1271)
3597:(Lower: 1253–1271)
3562:Matilda of England
3514:Matilda of Tuscany
3490:Judith of Flanders
3474:Richenza of Swabia
3442:Gisela of Burgundy
3394:Liutgard of Saxony
3328:Gleisnod de Friuli
3279:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
3186:John of Gloucester
2957:Henry V of England
2928:Blanche of England
2908:Henry V of England
2865:Isabella of Valois
2707:Isabella of France
2619:Eleanor of Castile
2269:
2148:Title next held by
2107:Title last held by
1934:. Heritage Books.
1082:Margaret of Wessex
988:Matilda of England
930:Henry I of England
593:Holy Roman Emperor
488:
364:
256:Upon the disputed
195:Matilda of England
3941:
3940:
3730:Margaret of Brieg
3722:Maud of Lancaster
3373:(c. 741 – c. 748)
3365:(c. 716 – c. 719)
3362:Imma of Alamannia
3357:(c. 716 – c. 719)
3349:(c. 716 – c. 719)
3318:(c. 610 – c. 625)
3310:(c. 556 – c. 572)
3294:Bavaria-Straubing
3219:
3218:
3202:
3201:
3148:
3147:
3118:
3117:
3111:Grace Plantagenet
3092:Catherine of York
3052:Elizabeth of York
3022:
3021:
3007:Margaret of Anjou
2984:
2983:
2946:
2945:
2873:
2872:
2837:
2836:
2823:John de Southeray
2780:Isabella de Coucy
2745:
2744:
2729:Joan of the Tower
2684:
2683:
2656:Mary of Woodstock
2596:
2595:
2583:Edmund Crouchback
2538:
2537:
2434:
2433:
2395:
2394:
2388:(died in infancy)
2356:
2355:
2259:
2258:
2158:
2157:
2125:Succeeded by
2041:Bertran de Born,
1869:SS XXIII, p. 397.
1778:, pp. 62–63.
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
689:Fulk of Jerusalem
619:Helena of Denmark
581:Count of Poitiers
428:Duchy of Normandy
286:Rainald of Dassel
266:Holy Roman Empire
192:
191:
4036:
3890:Hedwig Jagiellon
3882:Amalia of Saxony
3602:Maria of Brabant
3546:Theodora Komnene
3538:Maria of Bohemia
3506:Eupraxia of Kiev
3405:(Queen: 882–887)
3397:(Queen: 880–882)
3389:(Queen: 827–876)
3381:(bef. 770 – 788)
3284:Bavaria-Landshut
3264:Duchy of Bavaria
3246:
3239:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3154:
3153:
3124:
3123:
3072:Margaret of York
3028:
3027:
2990:
2989:
2952:
2951:
2879:
2878:
2843:
2842:
2751:
2750:
2690:
2689:
2602:
2601:
2544:
2543:
2504:Geoffrey FitzRoy
2440:
2439:
2426:Philip of Cognac
2401:
2400:
2362:
2361:
2276:
2275:
2199:
2198:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2128:Judith of Poland
2091:
2084:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2025:Betran de Born,
2015:
1996:
1977:
1958:
1945:
1926:
1907:
1870:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1752:
1751:, pp. 1–16.
1746:
1740:
1734:
1707:
1701:
1684:
1678:
1653:
1647:
1626:
1622:
640:
639:
631:
630:
605:Maria of Brabant
601:Philip of Swabia
559:Emperor Henry VI
528:King of Scotland
524:William the Lion
361:
358:
201:and by marriage
130:
128:
33:
21:
20:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4033:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3914:Anna of Austria
3786:Taddea Visconti
3778:Anna of Neuffen
3674:Anne of Austria
3658:Agnes of Glogau
3498:Bertha of Savoy
3323:Fara of Bavaria
3315:Geila of Friuli
3298:
3255:
3250:
3220:
3215:
3198:
3161:
3144:
3131:
3114:
3097:Bridget of York
3035:
3018:
2997:
2980:
2959:
2942:
2886:
2869:
2860:Anne of Bohemia
2850:
2833:
2805:Mary of Waltham
2785:Joan of England
2758:
2741:
2697:
2680:
2609:
2592:
2551:
2534:
2531:William de Forz
2497:Richard FitzRoy
2447:
2430:
2408:
2391:
2369:
2352:
2283:
2270:
2255:
2216:Empress Matilda
2206:
2193:
2188:
2149:
2140:
2130:
2121:
2108:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2063:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2012:
1993:
1974:
1942:
1923:
1878:
1873:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1755:
1749:Diggelmann 2005
1747:
1743:
1735:
1710:
1702:
1687:
1679:
1656:
1648:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1609:
628:
589:King of Germany
477:
439:Bertran de Born
359:
324:to Normandy on
243:Theobald of Bec
235:Empress Matilda
215:
153:
149:
145:
132:
129: 1168)
124:
120:
107:
87:
71:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4042:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3989:House of Anjou
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3610:Anna of Glogau
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3461:(1035/36–1038)
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3429:(c. 938 – 947)
3423:
3421:(c. 910 – 937)
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3289:Bavaria-Munich
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3184:Illegitimate:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3062:Cecily of York
3059:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:Jane Northland
2825:
2821:Illegitimate:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:Illegitimate:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:Philip FitzRoy
2526:
2525:Isabel FitzRoy
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:Osbert Gifford
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2501:Oliver FitzRoy
2499:
2494:
2490:Illegitimate:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:Illegitimate:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2341:Illegitimate:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:Illegitimate:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2114:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:German royalty
2093:
2092:
2075:House of Anjou
2071:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2021:
2020:External links
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:978-0810874978
2010:
1997:
1992:978-0230602366
1991:
1978:
1973:978-0810874978
1972:
1959:
1946:
1941:978-0788405259
1940:
1927:
1922:978-0198219699
1921:
1908:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1855:
1853:, p. 192.
1843:
1841:, p. 197.
1831:
1819:
1817:, p. 185.
1807:
1805:, p. 183.
1792:
1780:
1768:
1753:
1741:
1708:
1685:
1683:, p. 342.
1654:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
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1471:
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1036:
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1026:
1020:
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691:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
675:
672:
671:
669:
666:
665:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
636:
635:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
608:
574:
570:
539:
476:
473:
332:, set off for
306:Duke of Saxony
302:Henry the Lion
272:clergy led by
223:Windsor Castle
214:
211:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
140:
134:
133:
122:
118:Henry the Lion
116:
115:
113:
109:
108:
106:, Lower Saxony
102:
100:
96:
95:
84:
80:
79:
68:
64:
63:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4041:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
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3750:
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3744:
3742:
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3736:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
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3715:
3712:
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3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
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3686:
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3680:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:Agnes of Loon
3568:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Lower Bavaria
3272:
3270:
3269:Upper Bavaria
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Mary de Bohun
2893:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
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2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2765:
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2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2516:Eudes FitzRoy
2515:
2512:
2510:Henry FitzRoy
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Emma of Anjou
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2152:Agnes of Loon
2146:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2045:
2040:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1790:, p. 42.
1789:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1766:, p. 63.
1765:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1739:, p. 59.
1738:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1706:, p. 58.
1705:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1652:, p. 62.
1651:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1621:
1617:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:
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1518:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1500:
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1476:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
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1342:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
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1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1247:
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1241:
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1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
989:
983:
982:
979:
978:
973:
972:
967:
966:
963:
957:
956:
953:
952:
943:
942:
937:
936:
931:
925:
924:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
895:
894:
877:
876:
871:
870:
865:
859:
858:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
836:
835:
832:
831:
822:
821:
816:
815:
810:
804:
803:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
787:
784:
778:
777:
774:
773:
760:
759:
754:
753:
748:
742:
741:
738:
737:
732:
731:
726:
725:
722:
716:
715:
712:
711:
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
684:
683:
680:
679:
674:
673:
668:
667:
664:
658:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
620:
616:
612:
609:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
571:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:
547:
543:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:
517:
516:
514:
510:
506:
505:
499:
497:
493:
486:
481:
472:
468:
466:
461:
460:Third Crusade
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
420:
413:
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
369:
354:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:Michael's Day
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:Thomas Becket
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
139:
135:
119:
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
85:
81:
78:
74:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3317:
3309:
3171:Anne Neville
3139:
3057:Mary of York
2522:Maud FitzRoy
2507:John FitzRoy
2309:
2150:
2144:
2135:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2090:13 July 1189
2087:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2047:. Retrieved
2031:. Retrieved
2001:
1982:
1963:
1954:
1931:
1912:
1887:
1883:
1862:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1783:
1771:
1744:
1737:Norgate 1894
1704:Norgate 1894
1620:
1107:
585:Earl of York
567:Hohenstaufen
548:
512:
508:
502:
500:
495:
489:
469:
432:
418:
414:
403:
371:
365:
318:
255:
216:
194:
193:
93:Lower Saxony
18:
3959:1189 deaths
3954:1156 births
3933:(1597–1623)
3925:(1579–1597)
3917:(1550–1579)
3909:(1522–1550)
3789:(1375–1381)
3781:(1375–1381)
3773:(1375–1391)
3749:(1360–1365)
3717:(1347–1357)
3589:(1231–1253)
3581:(1204–1231)
3573:(1180–1183)
3565:(1168–1180)
3557:(1156–1162)
3549:(1148–1156)
3541:(1139–1141)
3525:(1120–1126)
3517:(1101–1115)
3509:(1089–1096)
3501:(1077–1087)
3493:(1071–1077)
3477:(1061–1070)
2830:Joan Skerne
1851:Jordan 1986
1839:Jordan 1986
1827:Jordan 1986
1815:Jordan 1986
1803:Jordan 1986
1681:Panton 2011
550:jure uxoris
492:Alison Weir
419:in absentia
398:. They had
380:, from the
360: 1188
3948:Categories
3354:Pilithrude
2141:1168–1180
2122:1168–1180
1788:Leese 1996
1633:References
617:. Married
463:buried in
443:Winchester
405:Lucidarius
384:to the sea
3485:(c. 1070)
3437:(947–955)
3402:Richardis
3378:Liutperga
3338:Regintrud
3033:Edward IV
1904:145553555
1776:Weir 2011
1764:Weir 2011
1650:Weir 2011
388:Holy Land
372:from the
342:Cathedral
330:Christmas
314:Victor IV
89:Brunswick
70:June 1156
3469:(?–1053)
3426:Biltrude
3346:Waldrada
3307:Waldrada
3211:Category
3129:Edward V
3067:Edward V
1884:Parergon
626:Ancestry
615:LĂĽneburg
597:Beatrice
520:Richenza
455:allodial
435:Argentan
424:WĂĽrzburg
251:Normandy
3370:Hiltrud
2894:Wives:
2858:Wives:
2617:Wives:
2083:c. 1156
1876:Sources
611:William
451:Windsor
376:to the
334:Germany
294:Eleanor
270:English
207:Bavaria
131:
123:
77:England
49:Bavaria
24:Matilda
3434:Judith
3169:Wife:
3043:Wife:
3005:Wife:
2967:Wife:
2766:Wife:
2705:Wife:
2559:Wife:
2455:Wife:
2416:Wife:
2377:Wife:
2291:Wife:
2214:Wife:
2145:Vacant
2104:Vacant
2086:
2049:28 May
2033:28 May
2008:
1989:
1970:
1938:
1919:
1902:
1625:ruler.
447:London
417:tried
338:Minden
262:schism
219:London
183:Mother
173:Father
112:Spouse
99:Burial
73:London
55:Tenure
3386:Hemma
2631:Henry
2088:Died:
2081:Born:
1900:S2CID
1612:Notes
542:Henry
475:Issue
378:Rhine
322:Dover
162:House
138:Issue
125:(
121:
2737:Adam
2051:2018
2035:2018
2006:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1526:15.
1412:14.
1294:13.
1268:26.
1206:25.
1174:12.
1148:24.
1080:23.
1048:11.
1022:22.
960:21.
928:10.
902:20.
781:18.
719:17.
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