104:
30:
197:, a widower and chandler from Belfast, in 1773. In 1795 he died intestate leaving McTier and her stepdaughter Margaret McTier (1762–1845) in poverty. She and Margaret continued to live together, supported in small part by a small annuity from a cousin of McTier, and by taking in an orphaned girl as a paying guest. Despite her own financial straights, she sought to support her brother
306:
however to be termed a neutral". From her earlier (and freer) correspondence it is clear that McTier was not neutral and that she had been active within a United-Irish circle. "This evening we had a meeting of our select society", she wrote to her brother in
December 1792, "where we were unanimously of the opinion that the Catholic Committee should ask nothing less than total
273:
in
Belfast's politically-divided social circles, she would not discuss politics when attending local coteries, assemblies and card parties. Nonetheless, rumours about her correspondence circulated. A local gossip described her as a "violent republican" who had "put up or recruited a hundred men to the United Irish cause".
282:. She responded to him immediately with a denial crafted for the local postmaster whom she suspected of opening her letters. (Already in May 1794 she had received a threat, apparently written on Post Office paper, warning that if she continued with her "high flown letters" she would wind up "a matron to a madhouse in
458:
hinterland. As early as 1802 she bemoaned the fact that the "R Catholics here now a large though poor and unknown body." On hearing that they had staged a "singing procession" in the street she confessed to her brother: "I begin to fear these people, and think like the Jews they will regain their native land."
210:
In 1793 McTier was invited to become the secretary of the new Humane Female
Society. The Society helped establish and sustain Belfast's Lying-in (maternity) Hospital, and she would remain active with the Society for many years. At the outset there had been some resistance to admitting unmarried women
272:
Martha McTier was "aware of the difficulties involved in asserting a political identity independent of her brother or her husband": "women connected with men whose side is known", she commented, "ought to be very cautious, as they are supposed to be only echoes"." In an attempt to avoid controversy
260:
McTier's forty-year correspondence with her brother
William begins in 1776 when he was studying medicine in Edinburgh and continued as he moved, with his obstetrics practice, from Belfast to Newry and Dublin. Frequently "the brighter wit ... and clearer eye", she was both his personal and political
395:
While alerted, following her brother's arrest in 1793, that her letters were being opened and read by the authorities, McTier refused to be cowed. She assured
Drennan that "in these times I never will be gagged". Yet she often advised caution, seeming to welcome her brother's growing distance from
374:
noted that McTier "plumped for real education and knowledge of public affairs". In 1795 she wrote to her brother: "So much have I gained by newspapers, and so ardently have I seen them sought for and enjoyed by the lower orders, that I intend to institute for their good a gratis newsroom with fire
251:
signed "The Bucks" sarcastically declaimed: "We love girls educated above their rank, and their heads filled with ideas beyond their means. We by experience, know the consequence - we shall always have fresh supplies from your excellent seminary". In spite of the opposition, McTier and
Skeffington
407:
in Paris, Drennan suggested that when the forces of reaction were at the gates it was "no time to weigh nice points of morality"- McTier, however, confessed herself "turned, quite turned, against the French," and feared that the
Revolution was "all farther than ever from coming to good". She grew
457:
Yet, her correspondence reveals that she shared the concern that rapidly was to reconcile many northern
Presbyterians to the Union. As a Belfast Protestant, McTier was conscious of a loss of the "easy sense of security" in numbers as the town's industrial growth drew in Catholics from the rural
305:
For the postmaster's benefit she wrote a letter to her brother denying any knowledge of or involvement in the United
Irishwomen and reflected that "it is strange that an obscure name, and female, could be noticed by strangers", though, she added, "I flatter myself I am not insignificant enough
297:
In May the
Belfast Postmaster had alerted the secretary to the Irish Post Office to her correspondence with Jane Greg, describing Greg as "very active" at "the head of the Female Societies" in Belfast. A letter, purportedly from the secretary of the United Irishwomen, was published in the
366:
McTier had clear democratic sympathies. In 1795 she wrote approvingly to her brother of Belfast's Jacobin Club (which included United Irishmen), describing it as composed of "persons and rank long kept down now come forward with a degree of information that might shame their betters".
375:
and candles, a scheme which you might laugh at, but if followed in the country towns might have a wonderful effect". This was in essence, Wood suggests, a doctrine "much more revolutionary than the gospel preached by the majority of the professed revolutionists of the period". (
423:. Her position in Belfast was nonetheless fraught, as she daily anticipated a raid by the authorities upon her house. "You seem to think", she wrote to her brother, "that I should fly. Why, I have not one fear. 'Tis only the rich area alarmed, or the guilty. I am neither".
211:
and prostitutes. McTier reported to her brother that despite "the appearance of unanimity", she saw a "party forming under the pretext of keeping out unmarried women", which she believed was attempting to raise opposition against "those who are now deemed democrats".
363:, in short, every rational being shall have equal weight in electing representatives". It may be a testament to McTier's influence that, in his response, her brother allowed that he had never seen "a good argument against the right of women to vote".
201:
and his new family in Dublin where his medical practice suffered as a result of his political notoriety. She persuaded their cousin, Martha Young, to bequeath him her fortune, and this enabled him in 1806 to retire from practice and return to Belfast.
454:. She counselled Irishmen to "remain sulky, grave, prudent, and watchful, not subdued into tame servility, poverty and contempt, not satisfied till time blunts their chains and feelings, but ardent to seize the possible moment of national revenge"
246:
In April 1795 McTier and Lady Harriet Skeffington proposed a more ambitious scheme to a town meeting, a residential school for girls with food and clothing provided. The proposal promoted a debate in the press. A letter to the
214:
When in the same year McTier established a small school in her home for poor girls she began to read more of the literature on women's education by female writers. In addition to Wollstonecraft, she drew inspiration from
323:
McTier shared her husband's and her brother's radical commitment to a national and representative government for Ireland. She read, sometimes in advance of her brother, most of the radical writers of her time, including
677:
235:. "My little girls", wrote McTier, "do not gabble over the testament only, nor read with that difficulty which prevents pleasure in it... I keep up my number and four of them can read
477:
The collected correspondence of McTier and her brother spanned 40 years and 1,500 letters. They are frequently cited as a source for the period of Irish politics and history spanning
411:
In 1798, like her brother in Dublin, in Belfast McTier was in a heavily garrisoned town in which there was little prospect of a rebel demonstration. Neither was implicated in the
261:
confidante. When her husband became president of the United Irishmen in Belfast, McTier was drawn into the group's activities. The leading figures of the movement, including
302:
in October 1796. It blamed the violence of the American and French revolutions on English aggression. Greg was the likely author, but Martha felt herself under suspicion.
277:
163:
118:(1742/1743 – 3 October 1837) was an advocate for women's health and education, and a supporter of democratic reform, whose correspondence with her brother
231:
who was much admired by Hamilton. Manson’s school in Donegall Street had been attended by a number of McTier’s friends and acquaintances including
898:
227:(who visited with her in 1793). It is probable that she was also influenced by the non-coercive ("spare the rod") and peer-tutoring methods of
359:
that the commitment in Drennan's United Irish test to an "impartial representation" of the nation implied, not only that Catholics, but also "
569:
1183:(.uk/collection-items/mary-wollstonecraft-a-vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman) followed in 1792 and went through several Irish printings.
65:
786:
1480:
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the inner counsels of the United Irishmen. But this may not, alone, have been a concern for her brother's safety. Her enthusiasm for
1230:
Curtin, Nancy (1985). "The Transformation of the Society of United Irishmen into a mass-based revolutionary organisation, 1794-6".
146:
in Belfast. There is no record of her childhood or education, but she appears to have been greatly influenced by her father whose
408:
wary of the "bloody cost" of subverting "all religion and order" for "an experiment of what can only be a doubtful improvement".
346:
276:
In June 1797 her brother warned her of a rumour circulating in Dublin that she was writing for the United Irish newspaper, the
1195:
Belfast Politics: or, A collection of the debates, resolutions, and other proceedings of that town in the years 1792, and 1793
400:, from which the United Irish sought practical assistance, was cooled more rapidly than his by reports of political violence.
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The Reverend William Bruce, successor to her father's pulpit at Belfast's First Presbyterian Church, protested in the Belfast
796:
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Eighteenth-Century Ireland (New Gill History of Ireland 4): The Isle of Slaves – The Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland
726:
603:
240:
650:
769:
972:(3 vols, Women's History Project in association with the Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1999) Vol 1, p.510.
625:
155:
981:
Martha McTier to William Drennan (undated) 1797 and Martha McTier to William Drennan, (undated) 1798, in Agnew,
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882:
427:
143:
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290:. Greg, the daughter of a wealthy Belfast shipping merchant, moved between Belfast and England where, with
228:
224:
183:
123:
107:
1278:"'Womanish Epistles?' Martha McTier, Female Epistolarity and Late Eighteenth-Century Irish Radicalism"
930:"'Womanish Epistles?' Martha McTier, Female Epistolarity and Late Eighteenth-Century Irish Radicalism"
542:
442:
Having, as she explained, so long "clung to free and rising Ireland", McTier opposed as "degrading"
370:
At a time when philanthropic women "were attempting to tame the masses with soothing moral tracts",
1485:
431:
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420:
266:
216:
151:
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Martha McTier to Drennan, . Public Records Office Northern Ireland, Drennan Letters T.765/548
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were to introduce just such a scheme, public reading rooms, with great effect in the 1840s).
307:
159:
1465:
911:
See Theobald Wolfe Tone’s Journal, 25 October 1791 in Thomas Bartlett (Ed.) (1998 reprint)
478:
187:
8:
1058:
What Can Women Give But Tears': Gender, Politics and Irish National Identity in the 1790s
1032:
127 NAI, Dublin, Rebellion papers, 620/30/194. Thomas Whinnery to John Lees, 25 May 1797.
755:(Submitted for the degree of PhD University of York, Department of History), pp. 146-147
753:
What Can Women Give But Tears': Gender, Politics and Irish National Identity in the 1790s
471:
404:
376:
333:
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474:, hanged in 1798) until, in old age, she lost her sight. McTier died on 3 October 1837.
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In Belfast McTier continued her charitable and school commitments, sometimes alongside
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232:
138:, the eldest of three surviving children born to Ann Drennan (née Lennox) and Reverend
47:
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1060:(Submitted for the degree of PhD University of York, Department of History), p. 159.
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documents the political radicalism and tumult of late eighteenth-century Ireland.
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theology bore the imprint of his mentor, the moral philosopher (and father of the
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198:
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119:
269:(who she was to regard as "another brother"), frequently gathered in her home.
1211:, 620/20/1. William Drennan, 'Plan of Parliamentary Representation for Ireland'
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175:
139:
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946:
929:
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Agnew, Jean (2009). "McTier, Martha". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.).
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Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
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Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
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Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
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and full right of citizenship, this to be intimated by this post to Tone ."
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prevailed. Two years later the Union School was supporting twenty-one girls.
220:
194:
103:
1088:"Mary Ann McCracken: A Critical Ulsterwoman within the Context of her Times"
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Martha McTier to William Drennan, 17 January 1795, in Jean Agnew (ed. ),
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626:"Two Ulster Patriots (Dr. William Drennan and Mrs. Martha McTier)"
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Politics and Genre in the Works of Elizabeth Hamilton, 1756–1816
29:
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The Cottagers of Glenburnie: A Tale for the Farmer's Ingle-nook
286:"). She also exchanged numerous letters with her close friend
830:, vol. 2, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1999, p. 121
1192:
426:
With executions proceeding, McTier successfully petitioned
1072:
Martha McTier to William Drennan, 16 June 1796, in Agnew,
994:
William Drennan to Martha McTier, 10 June 1797, in Agnew,
968:
Martha McTier to Drennan 1 April 1793, in Jean Agnew ed.,
134:
Martha McTier was born Martha Drennan in 1742 or 1743 in
294:, she cultivated a circle of United Irish sympathisers.
915:, p. 126. Dublin: Lilliput Press (first published 1826)
643:
1396:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 69.
1371:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 68.
1321:. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission. p. 415.
598:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 70.
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which in 1801 incorporated Ireland under the British
390:
814:
The Life and Times of Mary Ann McCracken, 1770–1866
1353:Martha McTier to William Drennan, November 1800,
1062:http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10974/1/425459.pdf
816:. Dublin: Allen Figgis & Co. pp. 36, 44.
757:http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10974/1/425459.pdf
430:to spare Joseph Crombie, the son of the Reverend
1452:
1319:The Drennan-McTier Letters: 1794-1801. Volume 1
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1162:
505:, 3 vols. Dublin, Irish Manuscripts Commission
415:which was defeated to the north of Belfast at
1012:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. p. 393.
619:
617:
615:
481:, the 1798 Rebellion and the passing of the
678:"The Belfast Lying-in Hospital (1794-1903)"
66:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1421:. Belfast: Blackstaff Press. p. 178.
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897:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1193:William Bruce and Henry Joy, ed. (1794).
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1197:. Belfast: H. Joy & Co. p. 135.
1132:A History of Women in Ireland, 1500-1800
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718:A History of Women in Ireland, 1500-1800
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530:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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158:. She was to read widely in philosophy (
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434:. Crombie later emigrated to America.
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774:. Stirling, Kenney. pp. 295–296.
701:McTier to Drennan, 28 December 1794,
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503:The Drennan-McTier Letters, 1776-1820
1135:. New York: Routledge. p. 222.
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1251:"Thomas Davis and the Irish nation"
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1181:Vindication of the rights of Women
1166:A Vindication of the Rights of Men
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721:. London: Routledge. p. 222.
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391:Alarmed by revolutionary violence
1481:19th-century Irish women writers
1476:18th-century Irish women writers
970:Drennan-McTier Letters 1802-1819
785:Grogan, Claire (22 April 2016).
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1163:Wollstonecraft, Mary (1790).
527:Dictionary of Irish Biography
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188:Marie-Medeleine de La Fayette
1249:Moody, T. W. (Autumn 1966).
1086:Priscilla, Metscher (1989).
875:Belfast, Portraits of a City
768:Hamilton, Elizabeth (1837).
547:www.newulsterbiography.co.uk
206:Women's health and education
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913:Life of Theobald Wolfe Tone
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1276:Kennedy, Catriona (2004).
928:Kennedy, Catriona (2004).
873:Johnstone, Robert (1990).
791:. Routledge. p. 150.
651:"Martha and Samuel McTier"
108:Society of United Irishmen
1417:Bardon, Jonathan (1982).
1295:10.1080/09612020400200404
1053:Catriona Kennedy (2004),
947:10.1080/09612020400200404
863:Kennedy(2004) pp. 143-144
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501:Agnew, Jean (ed.) (1998)
413:United Irish insurrection
336:(who had replied, before
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1392:Courtney, Roger (2013).
1367:Courtney, Roger (2013).
1232:Irish Historical Studies
1179:. Her more famous work,
655:Culture Northern Ireland
594:Courtney, Roger (2013).
405:September 1792 massacres
142:, minister of the First
94:Collected correspondence
1442:Drennan-McTier Letters,
828:Drennan-Mc Tier Letters
549:. Ulster History Circle
22:Martha (Drennan) McTier
1355:Drennan-McTier letters
1342:Drennan-McTier Letters
1282:Women's History Review
1117:Drennan-McTier Letters
1074:Drennan-McTier Letters
996:Drennan-McTier Letters
985:, vol.2, pp. 347, 420.
983:Drennan-McTier Letters
934:Women's History Review
877:. London. p. 66.
812:McNeill, Mary (1960).
703:Drennan-McTier Letters
630:www.libraryireland.com
217:Anna Laetitia Barbauld
174:), and in literature (
152:Scottish Enlightenment
1129:O'Dowd, Mary (2016).
1008:McBride, Ian (2009).
715:O'Dowd, Mary (2016).
676:Lavery, Lisa (2008).
462:Later life and legacy
319:Democratic sympathies
130:Early life and family
116:Martha "Matty" McTier
1471:Writers from Belfast
1317:Agnew, Jean (1999).
1169:. London: J. Johnson
624:Winder Good, James.
574:www.encyclopedia.com
479:Grattan's parliament
419:and to its south at
398:Revolutionary France
1344:, Volume 1, p. XLIX
472:Henry Joy McCracken
334:Mary Wollstonecraft
263:Theobald Wolfe Tone
144:Presbyterian Church
1092:Études irlandaises
682:Irish History Live
468:Mary Ann McCracken
450:and Parliament at
381:Repeal Association
233:Mary Ann McCracken
225:Elizabeth Hamilton
184:Elizabeth Hamilton
122:and other leading
48:Kingdom of Ireland
1076:, vol. 2, p. 319.
1044:, 17 October 1776
998:, vol. 2, p. 317.
798:978-1-317-07852-4
568:Eldridge, Grant.
372:James Winder Good
256:United Irishwoman
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156:Francis Hutcheson
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356:News Letter
168:Montesquieu
73:Nationality
1455:Categories
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1173:31 October
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489:References
284:Botany Bay
1304:144607838
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893:cite book
288:Jane Greg
180:Edgeworth
164:de Volney
148:New Light
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