319:
California, the event was estimated to have a
Richter magnitude of 2.7 at a distance of roughly 110 kilometers. However, the wind speed was only measured 20 minutes previously, and 45 minutes after, at 2.6 and 3.6 meters per second, respectively. While a sudden wind gust of 16 m/s would have been required to produce the event, it could not be completely ruled out. The Sol 80 event was later identified as a marsquake. The earlier Sol 53 event initially received much interest as a possible marsquake, but was correlated with wind and not considered further. Following the re-evaluation of the Sol 80 event as a marsquake, a re-evaluation of the Sol 53 event showed that it was unique among all Viking daytime recorded waveforms and the only one with a waveform with a rapid rise time and duration similar to Sol 80. Consequently Sol 53 was identified as a marsquake. Comparing Viking with InSight events, using technologies 43 years apart is challenging, but comparison of the two Viking events with some InSight events showed that the similarity of waveforms was reasonable.
2344:
196:
217:
276:
161:
130:
267:
2350:
227:
20:
2356:
2215:
2227:
1222:
285:
184:(SEIS) on 19 December 2018 to search for marsquakes and analyze Mars's internal structure. Even if no seismic events are detected, the seismometer is expected to be sensitive enough to detect possibly several dozen meteors causing airbursts in Mars's atmosphere per year, as well as meteorite impacts. It will also investigate how the Martian
229:
233:
232:
228:
86:. Marsquakes were first detected but not confirmed by the Viking mission in 1976. Marsquakes were detected and confirmed by the InSight mission in 2019. Using InSight data and analysis, the Viking marsquakes were confirmed in 2023. Compelling evidence has been found that Mars has in the past been seismically more active, with clear
234:
288:
293:
291:
287:
286:
292:
231:
212:
A faint seismic signal, believed to be a small marsquake, was measured and recorded by the InSight lander on 6 April 2019. The lander's seismometer detected ground vibrations while three distinct kinds of sounds were recorded, according to NASA. Three other events were recorded on 14 March, 10 April,
252:
on the InSight lander. In
October 2023 the results of a collaborative international project to scan the surface of Mars for a new impact crater created at the time of the 4 May 2022 seismic event, known as S1222a, was published. It was estimated that a crater of at least 300m in diameter would be
149:
Viking 2 recorded two possible marsquakes on Sol 53 (daytime during windy period) and Sol 80 (nighttime during low wind period). Due to the inability to separate ground motion from wind-driven lander vibrations and the lack of other collaborating possible marsquakes, the Sol 53 and Sol 80 events
1140:
Fernando, Benjamin; Wójcicka, Natalia; Marouchka, Froment; Maguire, Ross; Stähler, Simon; Rolland, Lucie]; Collins, Gareth; Karatekin, Ozgur; Larmat, Carene; Sansom, Eleanor; Teanby, Nicholas; Spiga, Aymeric; Karakostas, Foivos; Leng, Kuangdai; Nissen-Meyer, Tarje; Kawamura, Taichi; Giardini,
318:
lander's mission (roughly
November 23, 1976), the on-board seismometer detected an unusual acceleration event during a period of relatively low wind speed. Based on the features of the signal and assuming Mars's crust behaves similar to Earth's crust near the lander's testing site in Southern
290:
334:
detected during the Apollo program. It could have been caused by activity internal to the planet or by a meteorite striking the surface. The epicenter was believed to be within 100 km of the lander. As of 30 September 2019, SEIS had reported 450 events of various types.
150:
could not be confirmed during the Viking mission. It was possible to rule out frequent and large marsquakes at that time. The low detection rate and evaluation when the windspeed was low at the Viking 2 site, allowed limits to be placed on seismic activity on Mars.
145:
with two landers, Viking 1 & 2 in 1976, with seismometers mounted on top of the lander. The seismometer on the Viking 1 lander failed. The Viking 2 seismometer collected data for 2100 hours (89 days) of data over 560 sols of lander recorded.
343:
NASA's Mars
Perseverance Rover will act as a seismic source of known temporal and spatial localization as it lands on the surface. The InSight lander will evaluate whether the signals produced by this event will be detectable by 3,452 km away.
230:
253:
created to produce the seismic waves, which reverberated round the planet for six hours. The survey of satellite images from five different orbiters concluded that the event was not the result of an impact event.
289:
737:
330:(SEIS) detected one magnitude 1–2 seismic event on April 6, 2019. Three other unconfirmed candidate seismic events were detected on March 14, April 10 and April 11, 2019. The quake is similar to
240:
423:
Anderson, Don L.; Miller, W. F.; Latham, G. V.; Nakamura, Y.; Toksoz, M. N.; Dainty, M. N.; Duennebier, F. K.; Lazarewicz, A. R.; Kovach, R. L.; Knight, T. C. D. (September 30, 1977).
157:
detections. In 2023, a re-evaluation of Viking 2 using InSight data and analysis, and Viking wind data, confirmed that the two Viking events on Sol 53 and 80 were marsquakes.
153:
In 2013, data from the InSight mission (see below) led to an increased interest in the Viking data set, and further analysis may reveal one of the largest collection of
2257:
806:
102:. However, no clear spreading ridge has been found in this region, suggesting that another, possibly non-seismic explanation may be needed.
976:
390:"Bouncing Boulders Point to Quakes on Mars – A preponderance of boulder tracks on the red planet may be evidence of recent seismic activity"
832:
2303:
2297:
2291:
353:
327:
181:
1475:
1545:
566:
213:
and 11 April, but these signals were even smaller and more ambiguous in origin, making it difficult to determine their cause.
2399:
1684:
1669:
2143:
1400:
113:
fault. The first confirmed seismic event emanating from Valles
Marineris, a quake with a magnitude of 4.2, was detected by
1898:
1485:
527:"Structural analysis of the Valles Marineris fault zone: Possible evidence for large-scale strike-slip faulting on Mars"
2138:
867:
2343:
2318:
2264:
1767:
455:
571:
90:
over a large region of southern Mars. Magnetic striping on Earth is often a sign of a region of particularly thin
51:
as a result of the sudden release of energy. Such quakes may occur in the planet's interior, such as the result of
736:
Stevanović, J.; Teanby, N. A.; Wookey, J.; Selby, N.; Daubar, I. J.; Vaubaillon, J.; Garcia, R. (9 January 2017).
1420:
1460:
1297:
1254:
949:
638:
1082:
216:
389:
1873:
195:
2103:
1858:
1853:
1762:
1370:
2489:
2035:
1868:
1739:
1625:
1512:
1212:
1201:
40:
1085:; Lognonné, Philippe; Spiga, Aymeric; Spohn, Tilman; Perrin, Clément; Stähler, Simon C. (March 2020).
2155:
1970:
1662:
1480:
275:
83:
2484:
2073:
2065:
1642:
160:
87:
1405:
2433:
1455:
1312:
984:
921:
129:
841:
2411:
2349:
1845:
1820:
1657:
1560:
1502:
1434:
1322:
266:
192:
respond to the effects of meteorite impacts, which gives clues to the planet's inner structure.
1143:"Listening for the landing: Seismic detections of Perseverance's arrival at Mars with InSight"
1081:
Banerdt, W. Bruce; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Banfield, Don; Giardini, Domenico; Golombek, Matthew;
2458:
2040:
2020:
1893:
1704:
1652:
1647:
1630:
1507:
1492:
1008:"Viking-2 Seismometer Measurements on Mars: PDS Data Archive and Meteorological Applications"
666:"Viking-2 Seismometer Measurements on Mars: PDS Data Archive and Meteorological Applications"
1023:
681:
2055:
2050:
1837:
1098:
1019:
749:
677:
613:
538:
602:
8:
2494:
2448:
2231:
2187:
2000:
1610:
1590:
1555:
1307:
1226:
783:
368:
1102:
1056:
753:
617:
542:
2479:
2376:
1928:
1637:
1550:
1540:
1289:
1247:
1122:
765:
507:
394:
99:
95:
893:
2428:
2160:
2097:
1948:
1938:
1825:
1803:
1781:
1719:
1709:
1694:
1620:
1605:
1570:
1565:
1410:
1174:
1126:
1114:
1037:
769:
511:
363:
309:
176:
Mars lander, launched in May 2018, landed on Mars on 26 November 2018 and deployed a
154:
72:
56:
2381:
2250:
2165:
2090:
1747:
1729:
1714:
1674:
1585:
1497:
1164:
1154:
1106:
1086:
1027:
757:
718:
685:
546:
499:
436:
189:
106:
79:
2197:
2150:
1808:
1699:
1595:
1580:
1575:
1527:
1517:
1470:
1465:
1375:
1360:
1335:
1302:
1272:
185:
91:
68:
52:
248:
On 4 May 2022, a large marsquake, estimated at magnitude 5, was detected by the
2108:
1430:
1385:
1340:
142:
64:
1195:
1169:
1110:
761:
19:
2473:
2309:
2218:
1986:
1815:
1798:
1790:
1724:
1679:
1600:
1535:
1450:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1240:
1178:
1118:
1041:
2355:
722:
440:
2438:
2177:
2172:
2113:
2045:
2025:
1689:
1445:
1390:
1330:
1141:
Domenico; Lognonné, Philippe; Banerdt, Bruce; Daubar, Ingrid (April 2021).
118:
60:
706:
424:
67:. The detection and analysis of marsquakes are informative to probing the
2283:
1922:
1917:
1380:
1159:
1142:
1032:
1007:
690:
665:
503:
249:
177:
110:
738:"Bolide Airbursts as a Seismic Source for the 2018 Mars InSight Mission"
2453:
2030:
2015:
1350:
1280:
487:
331:
44:
2182:
2118:
1752:
1006:
Lorenz, Ralph D.; Nakamura, Yosio; Murphy, James R. (November 2017).
926:
664:
Lorenz, Ralph D.; Nakamura, Yosio; Murphy, James R. (November 2017).
1440:
141:
The first attempts to detect seismic activity on Mars were with the
2192:
1904:
1885:
1757:
603:"Viking Seismometer Record: Data Restoration and Dust Devil Search"
551:
526:
314:
922:"Marsquake! NASA's InSight Lander Feels Its 1st Red Planet Tremor"
2405:
2274:
1395:
807:"Listening to meteorites hitting Mars will tell us what's inside"
323:
201:
172:
114:
1139:
567:"Two Largest Marsquakes To Date Recorded From Planet's Far Side"
28:
24:
1080:
784:"NASA and French Space Agency Sign Agreement for Mars Mission"
55:, from which most quakes on Earth originate, or possibly from
892:
Brown, Dwayne; Johnson, Alana; Good, Andrew (23 April 2019).
109:, has been suggested to be the remnant of an ancient Martian
422:
2371:
1263:
1204:
954:
898:
735:
338:
308:
Despite the drawbacks of significant wind interference, on
71:, as well as potentially identifying whether any of Mars's
48:
2242:
94:
splitting and spreading, forming new land in the slowly
47:, is a shaking of the surface or interior of the planet
1232:
948:
Good, Andrew; Fox, Karen; Johnson, Alana (9 May 2022).
596:
594:
592:
590:
105:
The 4,000 km (2,500 mi) long canyon system,
1210:
999:
894:"NASA's InSight Detects First Likely 'Quake' on Mars"
834:
Design and development of a silicon micro-seismometer
221:
Mars – Seismic wave simulation (artist concept; 2019)
78:
Quakes have been observed and well-documented on the
1005:
663:
587:
456:"NASA's InSight Detects Two Sizable Quakes on Mars"
303:
1087:"Initial results from the InSight mission on Mars"
610:44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2013)
2471:
891:
840:(Ph.D.). Imperial College London. Archived from
729:
630:
704:
639:"'Marsquakes' Could Shake Up Planetary Science"
488:"Viking Marsquakes 1976 -- Seismic Archaeology"
950:"NASA's InSight Records Monster Quake on Mars"
947:
600:
518:
2258:
1248:
941:
885:
165:Mars – InSight Lander – Seismometer (Sol 110)
977:"Source of largest ever Mars quake revealed"
913:
705:Goins, N. R.; Lazarewicz, A. R. (May 1979).
381:
208:seismometer underneath the white windshield
2304:Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment
2265:
2251:
1255:
1241:
868:"First "Marsquake" Detected on Red Planet"
601:Lorenz, Ralph D.; Nakamura, Yosio (2013).
485:
2312:(flyby relay ('bent pipe' communication))
2298:Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure
2292:Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package
1168:
1158:
1031:
689:
657:
550:
354:Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure
328:Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure
182:Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure
636:
575:(Press release). SpaceRef. 26 April 2022
492:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
453:
339:Experimental (artificial) seismic events
225:
215:
194:
159:
128:
18:
1057:"Nasa lander 'detects first Marsquake'"
919:
786:(Press release). NASA. 10 February 2014
725:– via American Geophysical Union.
514:– via American Geophysical Union.
443:– via American Geophysical Union.
239:Mars – InSight Lander – Seismic Event (
117:on 25 August 2021, proving it to be an
2472:
486:Lazarewicz, Andrew R. (10 July 2023).
387:
2400:Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 3
2246:
1236:
865:
830:
804:
388:Kornei, Katherine (22 January 2022).
23:Illustration of the shadow zone of a
1054:
481:
479:
477:
475:
418:
416:
414:
412:
98:; a prime example of this being the
75:continue to be volcanically active.
524:
13:
866:Witze, Alexandra (24 April 2019).
136:Mars InSight Lander (May 17, 2022)
14:
2506:
2319:Temperature and Winds for InSight
1189:
920:Bartels, Meghan (23 April 2019).
831:Kumar, Sunil (1 September 2006).
645:. NASA. Jet Propulsion Laboratory
472:
409:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2225:
2214:
2213:
1220:
1055:Amos, Jonathan (23 April 2019).
637:Greicius, Tony (28 March 2018).
572:Seismological Society of America
304:Candidate natural seismic events
283:
274:
265:
259:Mars quake detected (4 May 2022)
124:
82:, and there is evidence of past
2315:Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite
1133:
1074:
1048:
969:
859:
824:
798:
776:
698:
429:Journal of Geophysical Research
16:Seismic event occurring on Mars
805:Boyle, Rebecca (4 June 2015).
559:
447:
31:don't penetrate the outer core
1:
454:Greicius, Tony (2021-04-01).
374:
238:
220:
199:Cutaway illustration showing
164:
133:
2335:Instrument Deployment System
1670:Recurring slope lineae (RSL)
711:Geophysical Research Letters
7:
2324:Pressure Sensor & Inlet
2272:
2104:Inspiration Mars Foundation
347:
10:
2511:
2139:Artificial objects on Mars
69:interior structure of Mars
2421:
2392:
2363:
2340:
2282:
2208:
2156:List of films set on Mars
2131:
2082:
2064:
2008:
1999:
1979:
1971:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
1963:
1884:
1836:
1789:
1780:
1768:Classical albedo features
1738:
1526:
1419:
1321:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1197:Video (2:48) – MarsQuakes
1111:10.1038/s41561-020-0544-y
762:10.1007/s11214-016-0327-3
2434:Deep Space Network (DSN)
2074:List of missions to Mars
1262:
243:; Sol 128; 6 April 2019)
2232:Solar System portal
1147:Earth and Space Science
1024:2017E&SS....4..681L
1012:Earth and Space Science
723:10.1029/GL006i005p00368
682:2017E&SS....4..681L
670:Earth and Space Science
525:Yin, A. (4 June 2012).
441:10.1029/JS082i028p04524
134:Inside Mars InfoGraphic
1846:Solar eclipses on Mars
1705:"Swiss cheese" feature
1561:Concentric crater fill
245:
223:
209:
167:
138:
32:
2459:Mars InSight Roadshow
1083:Johnson, Catherine L.
742:Space Science Reviews
498:(e2022JE007660): 20.
356:(SEIS, instrument on
237:
219:
198:
163:
132:
22:
2046:Permanent settlement
1160:10.1029/2020EA001585
1033:10.1002/2017ea000306
707:"Martian Seismicity"
691:10.1002/2017EA000306
504:10.1029/2022JE007660
425:"Seismology on Mars"
43:which, much like an
2449:Exploration of Mars
2188:Timekeeping on Mars
1865:Planetary transits
1850:Satellite transits
1763:Observation history
1611:Lobate debris apron
1103:2020NatGe..13..183B
872:Scientific American
754:2017SSRv..211..525S
618:2013LPI....44.1178L
543:2012Lsphe...4..286Y
369:Volcanology of Mars
326:lander mission the
2377:Elysium quadrangle
1170:20.500.11937/90005
987:on 18 October 2023
395:The New York Times
322:On Sol 128 of the
246:
224:
210:
168:
139:
100:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
33:
2490:Planetary science
2467:
2466:
2429:Discovery Program
2240:
2239:
2193:Sol (day on Mars)
2161:Martian scientist
2144:Memorials on Mars
2127:
2126:
2098:The Case for Mars
1995:
1994:
1776:
1775:
1710:Terrain softening
1675:Ring mold craters
1643:North Polar Basin
1566:Dark slope streak
1411:Vastitas Borealis
1308:Dust devil tracks
1091:Nature Geoscience
364:Tectonics of Mars
294:
235:
88:magnetic striping
2502:
2408:(Launch Vehicle)
2382:Elysium Planitia
2358:
2352:
2346:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2216:
2091:The Mars Project
2006:
2005:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1787:
1786:
1648:Ocean hypothesis
1498:Outflow channels
1286:
1285:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1198:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
983:. Archived from
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
945:
939:
938:
936:
934:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
846:
839:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
780:
774:
773:
748:(1–4): 525–545.
733:
727:
726:
702:
696:
695:
693:
661:
655:
654:
652:
650:
634:
628:
627:
625:
624:
607:
598:
585:
584:
582:
580:
563:
557:
556:
554:
522:
516:
515:
483:
470:
469:
467:
466:
451:
445:
444:
420:
407:
406:
404:
402:
385:
296:
295:
278:
269:
236:
207:
107:Valles Marineris
96:separating rifts
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2485:Geology of Mars
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2417:
2388:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2338:
2278:
2271:
2241:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2204:
2198:Darian calendar
2123:
2078:
2060:
1991:
1975:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1880:
1832:
1826:Voltaire crater
1804:Stickney crater
1772:
1734:
1576:Fretted terrain
1522:
1422:
1415:
1376:Sinus Meridiani
1361:Planum Australe
1336:Cerberus (Mars)
1317:
1275:
1273:Outline of Mars
1266:
1261:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1138:
1134:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1018:(11): 681–688.
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
975:
974:
970:
960:
958:
946:
942:
932:
930:
918:
914:
904:
902:
890:
886:
876:
874:
864:
860:
850:
848:
847:on 10 June 2016
844:
837:
829:
825:
815:
813:
803:
799:
789:
787:
782:
781:
777:
734:
730:
703:
699:
676:(11): 681–688.
662:
658:
648:
646:
635:
631:
622:
620:
605:
599:
588:
578:
576:
565:
564:
560:
523:
519:
484:
473:
464:
462:
452:
448:
421:
410:
400:
398:
386:
382:
377:
350:
341:
306:
301:
300:
299:
298:
297:
284:
280:
279:
271:
270:
261:
260:
244:
226:
222:
205:
166:
155:Mars dust devil
137:
135:
127:
84:quakes on Venus
53:plate tectonics
17:
12:
11:
5:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2393:Launch related
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
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1207:(19 July 2019)
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1190:External links
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143:Viking program
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2439:Mars landing
2364:Landing site
2327:Magnetometer
2273:
2178:Life on Mars
2173:Flag of Mars
2114:Mars Society
2096:
2089:
2056:Terraforming
2051:Colonization
1821:Swift crater
1663:polar wander
1615:
1391:Terra Sabaea
1331:Arabia Terra
1227:Solar System
1150:
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1064:. Retrieved
1060:
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989:. Retrieved
985:the original
981:ScienceDaily
980:
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953:
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925:
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903:. Retrieved
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871:
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849:. Retrieved
842:the original
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778:
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647:. Retrieved
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459:
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399:. Retrieved
393:
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360:Mars lander)
357:
342:
321:
313:
307:
247:
211:
200:
171:
169:
152:
148:
140:
119:active fault
104:
77:
61:Olympus Mons
36:
34:
2414:(2nd stage)
2402:(Launchpad)
2001:Exploration
1923:5261 Eureka
1591:Groundwater
1556:Composition
1381:Tempe Terra
1371:Quadrangles
1298:Circulation
790:11 February
649:21 November
531:Lithosphere
250:seismometer
178:seismometer
111:strike-slip
27:for Earth.
2495:Seismology
2474:Categories
2454:Mars flyby
1658:Polar caps
1638:Mud cracks
1621:Meteorites
1606:Lava tubes
1541:Carbonates
1476:Labyrinthi
1351:Iani Chaos
1290:Atmosphere
991:23 October
623:2019-04-24
465:2021-07-24
435:(28): 22.
401:22 January
375:References
332:moonquakes
312:80 of the
45:earthquake
2480:Tectonics
2444:Marsquake
2183:Sub-Earth
2166:Mythology
2119:Mars race
1886:Asteroids
1782:Astronomy
1753:Hesperian
1748:Amazonian
1720:Volcanism
1695:Spherules
1616:Marsquake
1571:Dichotomy
1486:by height
1481:Mountains
1281:Geography
1179:2333-5084
1127:211266334
1119:1752-0894
1042:2333-5084
927:Space.com
770:125102926
512:259927674
37:marsquake
2219:Category
2083:Advocacy
2066:Missions
2009:Concepts
1838:Transits
1809:Monolith
1758:Noachian
1730:Yardangs
1626:on Earth
1586:Glaciers
1431:"Canals"
1423:features
1421:Physical
1066:6 August
933:23 April
905:23 April
877:25 April
717:(7): 3.
579:26 April
348:See also
315:Viking 2
59:such as
57:hotspots
2422:Related
2412:Centaur
2406:Atlas V
2370:Planet
2321:(TWINS)
2284:Payload
2275:InSight
2151:Fiction
2132:Related
2026:Landing
2021:Orbiter
1980:General
1949:2007 NS
1939:1999 UJ
1929:1998 VF
1918:Trojans
1905:2007 WD
1894:Impacts
1874:Mercury
1740:History
1700:Surface
1631:on Mars
1596:Gullies
1581:Geysers
1528:Geology
1518:Gravity
1513:Valleys
1466:Gullies
1456:Craters
1446:Catenae
1441:Canyons
1396:Tharsis
1341:Cydonia
1323:Regions
1313:Methane
1303:Climate
1202:YouTube
1099:Bibcode
1020:Bibcode
851:15 July
750:Bibcode
678:Bibcode
614:Bibcode
539:Bibcode
358:InSight
324:InSight
202:InSight
180:called
173:InSight
115:InSight
63:or the
29:S-waves
2306:(RISE)
2300:(SEIS)
2223:
2212:
1964:Comets
1859:Deimos
1854:Phobos
1816:Deimos
1799:Phobos
1503:Plains
1471:Mensae
1461:Fossae
1213:Portal
1177:
1125:
1117:
1040:
961:10 May
816:5 June
768:
510:
206:'s
190:mantle
25:P-wave
2031:Rover
2016:Flyby
1987:Orbit
1869:Earth
1791:Moons
1725:Water
1601:Lakes
1551:Color
1401:Undae
1153:(4).
1123:S2CID
845:(PDF)
838:(PDF)
766:S2CID
606:(PDF)
508:S2CID
186:crust
92:crust
41:quake
39:is a
2372:Mars
2294:(HP)
1690:Soil
1435:list
1264:Mars
1205:NASA
1175:ISSN
1115:ISSN
1068:2019
1038:ISSN
993:2023
963:2022
955:NASA
935:2019
907:2019
899:NASA
879:2019
853:2015
818:2015
792:2014
651:2018
643:NASA
581:2022
460:NASA
403:2022
188:and
170:The
80:Moon
49:Mars
2330:PAE
1200:on
1165:hdl
1155:doi
1107:doi
1061:BBC
1028:doi
758:doi
746:211
719:doi
686:doi
547:doi
500:doi
496:128
437:doi
310:Sol
2476::
1931:31
1173:.
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1145:.
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589:^
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474:^
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433:82
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411:^
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35:A
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1951:2
1941:7
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439::
405:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
