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2583:. The waterlogged, silty soil on which the tunnel is constructed has been known to liquefy during an earthquake so engineers injected industrial grout to 24 metres (79 ft) below the seabed to keep it stable. The walls of the tunnel are made of waterproof concrete coated with a steel shell, each section independently watertight. The tunnel is made to flex and bend in the way that tall buildings are constructed to react if an earthquake hits.
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2286:, assembled from 11 sections – eight are 135 metres (443 ft) long, two are 98.5 metres (323 ft), and one element is 110 metres (360 ft). Each section weighs up to 18,000 tons. The tube was placed 60 metres (197 ft) below sea level, beneath 55 metres (180 ft) of water and 4.6 metres (15 ft 1 in) of earth. It is accessed via tunnels bored from
2350:
The suburban-rail upgrade part of the project, known originally as CR1, was first awarded to the AMD Rail
Consortium, comprising Marubeni of Japan, Dogus Insaat of Turkey and Alstom of France. However, they were unable to complete the work and it was re-tendered as contract CR3 in early 2011. The
2347:(EMU) cars and other railway carriages to move separately. Thirty-six above-ground stations along the line were rebuilt or completely refurbished. Signalling was also modernised to allow trains to travel as close as two minutes apart (although in reality far fewer trains than that actually run).
2195:
Construction started in 2004 and was originally intended to be completed by April 2009. After multiple delays caused – among other things – by the discovery of historical and archaeological sites along the route as new stations were built, the first phase of the project was finally opened by
2578:
has worried some engineers and seismologists. "Since AD 342, it has seen large earthquakes that each claimed more than 10,000 lives." Some scientists have estimated a 77% probability that, at some time in the next 30 years, Istanbul will suffer an earthquake measuring 7.0 or more on the
2541:
On
October 29, 2013, the first stage of the Marmaray project, the underground tunnel between Europe and Asia, was inaugurated on the 90th anniversary of the Turkish Republic'. The maiden journey took place after a grand opening ceremony attended by President
2200:
on
October 29, 2013. The second phase of the project was scheduled to open in 2015 but work once again stopped in 2014. It was restarted in February 2017 and the line finally opened in its entirety on March 12, 2019. The trains came with completely new
2406:(EBI) provided much of the financing for the project. By April 2006, the JICA had lent 111 billion yen and the EIB 1.05 billion euro for the work. The original cost was estimated at $ 4.5 billion although it finally cost almost twice that.
2390:. Freight trains that are not carrying dangerous goods will be able to use the tunnel when commuter services are not operating (between 1:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m.). At other times only passenger trains will be in the tunnels.
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reported that the tunnel's administrators were hiring consultants to analyse options for carrying freight traffic. The Prime
Minister and other officials have suggested that the Marmaray will help to create a modern "Iron
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On
November 7, 2019, the first Chinese freight train to Europe ran through the tunnel. This demonstrated that the China to Turkey transportation time could be reduced from a month to 12 days as part of the
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2590:
Steen Lykke, project manager for
Avrasyaconsult, the international consortium that oversaw the construction, summed the problems up by saying, "I can't think of any challenge this project lacks".
2211:
The
Marmaray is integrated with other parts of the Istanbul public transport network, including the Metro and the Metrobus network, via a number of interchanges. It is also integrated with the
1483:
3464:
Gokce, Ahmet; Koyama, Fumio; Tsuchiya, Masahiko; Gencoglu, Turgut (2009). "The challenges involved in concrete works of
Marmaray immersed tunnel with service life beyond 100 years".
490:
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ever discovered, preventing the project from proceeding as planned. In addition, archaeologists uncovered the oldest evidence of settlement in
Istanbul, with artefacts, including
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2167:). The two existing sections of the line were rebuilt and expanded from two-tracks to three-tracks, to allow for higher capacity with intercity and freight rail. The name
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on the Asian side. The work was meant to be completed at the same time as the first phase (the tunnel and underground sections), but was delayed until March, 2019.
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Construction started in May 2004 and the
Marmaray tunnel was completed on September 23, 2008, with a formal ceremony to mark its completion on October 13.
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artefacts and fragments dating from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods were also found during excavations at Sirkeci.
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The line can carry 75,000 passengers per hour in each direction (PPHPD). Travel time from Halkali to Gebze normally takes 104 minutes.
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2867:[GEBZE-HALKALI SURFACE LINE ENTERING SERVICE AT THE END OF 2018] (in Turkish). Marmaray. November 18, 2018. Archived from
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Considerations and strategies behind the design and construction requirements of the Istanbul Strait immersed tunnel
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2143:. Mostly using the right-of-way of two existing commuter rail lines, the Marmaray line linked the two lines via a
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replacement contract worth €932.8 million was awarded to a joint venture between OHL and Invensys Rail.
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This article is about the Marmaray commuter rail project. For the trans-Bosphorus undersea tunnels, see
1941:
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Path of the rail tunnel project (dotted line) within the Marmaray railway, across the Bosphorus strait
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The Bosphorus (Istanbul Strait) is crossed by a 1.4-kilometre-long (0.87 mi) earthquake-proofed
1966:
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There are two depot and maintenance yards on the line (one at each end) where the sets are stocked.
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at the joints of the tunnel are able to close and isolate water in the event of the walls failing.
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The second phase of the project involved the renewal of the old suburban railway that ran between
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That the tunnel construction is only about 18 kilometres (11 mi) away from the active
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in 2005. Excavations then produced evidence of the city's largest harbour, the 4th-century
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2494:(later known as the Harbour of Theodosius). Archaeologists also uncovered traces of the
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Overview of the Marmary history, justification, and construction process with pictures
2538:(originally İbrahimağa station) on the Asian side under the Bosphorus and back again.
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lines to create a 76.6-kilometre (47.6 mi) high-capacity passenger line between
1874:
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100:
2996:, October 12, 2013. Accessed: October 13, 2013. Technical report: Claus K. Larsen. "
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Marmaray train passing under the Bosphorus as depicted in tile in Sirkeci Station
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The contract for the project was awarded to a Japanese-Turkish consortium led by
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20:
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2482:-era and other 8,000-year-old archaeological finds on the proposed site of the
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The project involved building a 13.6-kilometre (8.5 mi) tunnel under the
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3083:, web page at the Marmaray web site. Accessed on line, September 24, 2007.
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on the Asian side of Istanbul and represents the world's deepest undersea
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3064:, web page at the Marmaray web site. Accessed on-line September 24, 2007.
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53:
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2443:, Hyundai Rotem's joint venture with Turkish rolling stock manufacturer
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The project was delayed by four years, largely due to the discovery of
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and Prime Minister Erdoğan, as well as by the Japanese Prime Minister
2584:
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2302:
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3820:
2728:"Standard gauge rail connection from Asia to Europe opens in Turkey"
2420:
2259:, along with the provision of 440 electric multiple unit carriages.
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strait, becoming the first standard gauge rail connection between
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2899:, web page at urbanrail.net. Accessed on line September 24, 2007.
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developed in Norway was essential for the safety of the project.
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are under construction with planned opening year in parentheses.
44:
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station on the first day of operation of the Gebze–Halkalı line
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2931:"Marmaray Projekt: Ein Tunnel unter dem Bosporus für Istanbul"
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4405:
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2511:
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2228:
2224:
2205:, with carriages that can be walked through from end to end.
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2431:
The Marmaray uses TCDD E32000 rolling stock manufactured by
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4123:
3493:
Istanbul Technical University Marmaray Laboratory web site.
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Norwegian technology in the world's deepest immersed tunnel
2910:"Marmaray Railway Engineering Project – Railway Technology"
2439:
contract called for 440 vehicles to be produced locally by
2156:
3385:
2865:"GEBZE-HALKALI BANLİYÖ HATTI 2018 SONUNDA HİZMETE GİRİYOR"
157:
3359:"First China Railway Express line train reaches Turkey"
2247:
and upgrading 63 kilometres (39.1 mi) of existing
3237:
2474:
Archaeological discoveries during work on the Marmaray
2435:
in ten- and five-car EMU configurations. The original
3357:
Mustafa Hatipoglu; Emrah Gokmen (November 7, 2019).
2800:"TCDD launches Eskisehir – Konya high speed service"
2742:
2740:
3135:"Is Marmaray Key for Europe-Asia Rail Connection?"
2933:(in German). M-hesse.com. May 2011. Archived from
2668:, a proposed three-level road-rail undersea tunnel
2635:Average station spacing: 1.9 km (1.2 mi)
3226:Tunnel links continents, uncovers ancient history
2737:
2632:Minimum platform length: 225 m (738 ft)
4698:
3330:"Başbakan Erdoğan Marmaray'da test sürüşü yaptı"
2966:
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2960:
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2780:"Marmaray tunnel opens to link Europe with Asia"
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1059:
1019:
846:
701:
311:
2382:" by allowing freight trains to travel between
2702:"Turkish railways post record figures in 2019"
2614:Minimum curve radius: 300 m (980 ft)
2227:, as well as with the international trains to
4324:
3531:
3288:, September 2012. Accessed: October 13, 2013.
3097:"Marmaray railway upgrading contract awarded"
2949:
2820:
2332:on the European side of Istanbul and between
2064:
114:October 29, 2013 (Kazlıçeşme-Ayrılık Çeşmesi)
4762:Buildings and structures in Kocaeli Province
3545:
2842:
2840:
2774:
2772:
2770:
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2641:Commercial speed: 45 km/h (28 mph)
2598:Some figures of the project are as follows:
3466:Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
3453:Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
3439:Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
3425:Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
3411:Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
3350:
2611:Deepest point: 60.46 m (198.4 ft)
2608:Immersed tube: 1,387 m (4,551 ft)
2602:Overall length: 76.6 km (47.6 mi)
4331:
4317:
3538:
3524:
3433:Steen Lykke and Frits van de Kerk, 2005, "
3390:
2828:"Is Marmaray Project Behind the Schedule?"
2638:Maximum speed: 100 km/h (62 mph)
2605:Tunnel section: 13.6 km (8.5 mi)
2558:, and a number of foreign civil servants.
2111:) is a 76.6-kilometre-long (47.6 mi)
2071:
2057:
284:60–80 km/h (37–50 mph) (average)
165:
3435:Marine operations, the Bosphorus Crossing
3258:Nautical archaeology takes a leap forward
2837:
2765:
2647:Passengers per hour and direction: 75,000
3506:Marmaray BC1 project and surveying works
3419:Steen Lykke and Hüseyin Belkaya, 2005, "
2569:
2521:
2419:
2353:
2310:
2273:Gama Endustri Tesisleri Imalat ve Montaj
2848:"Completely False Facts About Marmaray"
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1146:
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977:
831:
823:
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3152:"Marmaray Railway Engineering Project"
3091:
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2400:Japan International Cooperation Agency
2271:in July 2004. The consortium included
208:Frequency may change during rush hour.
4312:
3519:
3246:. Archaeological Institute of America
3177:"Turkey's Marmaray opens in Istanbul"
3002:Norwegian Public Roads Administration
2343:A third line was added to enable the
2098:
4757:Buildings and structures in Istanbul
3498:Tunnelbuilder technical description.
3324:
3322:
3014:Final tubes sunk on Bosphorus Tunnel
2998:Testing of fireproofing for concrete
2447:. Hyundai Rotem was chosen ahead of
3449:Tunnels and stations in BC contract
3299:"Marmaray'ın güzergahı değişebilir"
3086:
2159:(all prior connections ran through
13:
3067:
3048:
2530:On August 4, 2013, Prime Minister
14:
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3377:
3319:
1211:
1048:
4772:25 kV AC railway electrification
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3613:Bakırköy Sahil–Kayaşehir Merkez
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2534:, test-drove the Marmaray from
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2139:, along the north shore of the
1100:
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968:
734:
4080:Boğaziçi Üni./Hisarüstü–Aşiyan
3421:The project and its management
3275:Recent glass finds in Istanbul
3238:Rose, Mark; Aydingün, Sengül.
3201:Marmaray train contract signed
2883:
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2720:
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2550:, the Romanian Prime Minister
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1979:
1954:
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116:March 12, 2019 (Halkalı-Gebze)
1:
4767:Transport in Kocaeli Province
4712:2013 establishments in Turkey
3775:60. Yıl Parkı–Kâzım Karabekir
3687:Gayrettepe–Arnavutköy Hastane
3213:Railway Gazette International
3121:Railway Gazette International
3102:Railway Gazette International
3042:Railway Gazette International
3018:International Railway Journal
2805:Railway Gazette International
2785:Railway Gazette International
2759:Railway Gazette International
2687:
2650:Number of passenger cars: 440
2374:Railway Gazette International
2004:
1137:
814:
763:
349:
206:15 minutes (Halkalı – Gebze)
4752:Railway lines opened in 2019
4747:Railway lines opened in 2013
3645:Levent–Boğaziçi Üniversitesi
3338:(in Turkish). August 4, 2013
2672:Public transport in Istanbul
2393:
2215:high-speed train network to
1041:
946:
917:
792:
204:8 minutes (Ataköy – Pendik)
58:Two trains meet in Bakırköy.
7:
4134:İETT, ÖHO & Otobüs A.Ş.
3511:BBC article on the project.
3405:L. C. F. Ingerslev, 2005, "
3307:(in Turkish). June 30, 2009
2895:September 25, 2007, at the
2752:September 22, 2010, at the
2654:
2235:which depart from Halkalı.
1834:
1603:
1496:
1329:
939:
910:
785:
756:
196:76.6 km (47.6 mi)
10:
4788:
4737:Rail transport in Istanbul
3749:Pendik Merkez–Fevzi Çakmak
3486:10.1016/j.tust.2009.01.001
2517:
2413:
2366:
2238:
2190:
2163:and used the incompatible
25:
18:
4722:Underground commuter rail
4671:
4626:
4565:
4556:
4538:
4498:
4462:
4453:
4442:
4424:
4398:
4367:
4358:
4293:
4247:
4218:
4180:
4142:
4121:
4092:
4024:
3993:
3972:
3957:
3929:
3856:
3840:
3695:
3623:Kadıköy–S. Gökçen Airport
3568:
3553:
3280:October 16, 2013, at the
3074:Travel time and alignment
3060:October 20, 2007, at the
3030:Marmaray tunnel completed
2977:Sept. 2007: pages 154–61.
2290:on the European side and
2015:
1997:
1990:
1972:
1965:
1947:
1936:
1918:
1911:
1893:
1867:
1852:
1845:
1827:
1813:
1795:
1788:
1770:
1763:
1745:
1738:
1720:
1713:
1695:
1671:
1653:
1646:
1628:
1614:
1596:
1589:
1571:
1564:
1546:
1539:
1521:
1507:
1489:
1482:
1464:
1457:
1439:
1432:
1414:
1390:
1372:
1365:
1347:
1340:
1322:
1308:
1290:
1283:
1265:
1241:
1223:
1219:
1180:
1166:
1130:
1111:
1083:
1056:
1016:
997:
958:
954:
929:
925:
900:
843:
804:
800:
775:
771:
746:
742:
697:
683:
665:
658:
640:
633:
615:
596:
578:
564:
546:
539:
521:
514:
496:
489:
471:
464:
446:
427:
409:
402:
384:
360:
342:
338:
327:
309:
304:
300:
288:
280:
265:
229:
217:
212:
200:
192:
178:
173:
152:
144:
132:
120:
110:
96:
86:
78:
68:
63:
51:
42:
37:
4350:networks and systems in
3634:Üsküdar–Samandıra Merkez
3582:Yenikapı–Atatürk Airport
3547:Mass transit in Istanbul
3273:Üzlifat Canav-Özgümüş. "
2747:Rails under the Bosporus
2677:Rail transport in Turkey
2484:European tunnel terminal
2404:European Investment Bank
28:Marmara (disambiguation)
26:Not to be confused with
16:Rail project in Istanbul
4113:Söğütlüçeşme–Beylikdüzü
3447:Hideki Sakaeda, 2005, "
3116:Contracts February 2010
2623:Underground stations: 3
2581:Richter magnitude scale
2554:, the Somali President
2183:, which is Turkish for
4070:Vadistanbul–Seyrantepe
3901:Topkapı–Mescid-i Selam
3709:Kaynarca Merkez branch
3079:March 2, 2005, at the
3035:July 27, 2010, at the
2629:Inter-city stations: 8
2617:Maximum gradient: 1.8%
2536:Ayrılıkçeşmesi station
2527:
2492:Harbour of Eleutherios
2455:, and a consortium of
2428:
2363:
2345:electric multiple unit
2316:
295:Turkish State Railways
139:Turkish State Railways
3723:Sultanbeyli extension
3206:June 5, 2010, at the
2666:Great Istanbul Tunnel
2644:Headway: 2–10 minutes
2576:North Anatolian Fault
2570:Earthquake protection
2556:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
2525:
2500:Constantine the Great
2423:
2357:
2314:
2123:. The line runs from
3943:Zeytinburnu–Bağcılar
2620:Surface stations: 37
2532:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2424:A Marmaray train at
2358:A Marmaray train at
272:25 kV, 50 Hz AC
4172:List of ferry quays
3478:2009TUSTI..24..592G
3264:, December 31, 2007
3141:, November 12, 2013
3105:. November 3, 2011.
2937:on October 21, 2013
2788:. October 29, 2013.
2734:(October 29, 2013).
2708:. February 25, 2020
2594:Marmaray in numbers
2165:Russian broad gauge
2100:[ˈmaɾmaɾaj]
122:Current operator(s)
105:Haydarpaşa suburban
3921:Sirkeci–Kazlıçeşme
3801:Altunizade–Küçüksu
3667:Bostancı–Parseller
3603:Yenikapı–Hacıosman
3402:Marmaray Project:
3156:Railway Technology
2834:, November 6, 2014
2528:
2429:
2371:In February 2010,
2364:
2317:
2277:Nurol Construction
2269:Taisei Corporation
193:Distance travelled
148:124 million (2019)
134:Former operator(s)
4694:
4693:
4667:
4666:
4534:
4533:
4440:
4439:
4306:
4305:
4186: Aerial lift
4088:
4087:
4020:
4019:
3953:
3952:
3911:Eminönü–Alibeyköy
3836:
3835:
3762:Halkalı extension
3216:November 14, 2008
3055:Facts and figures
2990:" (in Norwegian)
2871:on March 12, 2019
2762:February 23, 2009
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2045:
2044:
1887:
1886:
1875:Istanbul Province
1201:
1200:
1077:
1076:
1032:
1031:
863:
862:
718:
717:
201:Service frequency
101:Istanbul suburban
4779:
4742:TCDD Taşımacılık
4563:
4562:
4460:
4459:
4448:
4365:
4364:
4348:public transport
4345:
4344:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4310:
4309:
4258:
4223:
4207:
4196:
4185:
4147:
4126:
4111:
4097:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4047:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4010:Haydarpaşa–Gebze
3983:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3940:
3919:
3909:
3898:
3888:
3878:
3870:Kabataş–Bağcılar
3867:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3823:
3811:
3798:
3785:
3772:
3759:
3746:
3733:
3719:
3706:
3685:
3677:Ataköy–Olimpiyat
3675:
3664:
3656:Yıldız–Mahmutbey
3653:
3642:
3631:
3621:
3611:
3600:
3592:Yenikapı–Kirazlı
3590:
3579:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3504:
3489:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3386:Official website
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3361:. Anadolu Agency
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3295:
3289:
3286:Doğuş University
3271:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3240:"Under Istanbul"
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3148:
3142:
3131:
3125:
3124:February 9, 2010
3113:
3107:
3106:
3093:
3084:
3071:
3065:
3052:
3046:
3045:October 20, 2008
3027:
3021:
3020:, November 2008.
3011:
3005:
2984:
2978:
2968:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2906:
2900:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2844:
2835:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2808:. March 28, 2013
2796:
2790:
2789:
2776:
2763:
2744:
2735:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2438:
2249:suburban railway
2115:line located in
2110:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2097:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2025:
2007:
2006:
1982:
1981:
1957:
1956:
1928:
1927:
1903:
1902:
1882:Kocaeli Province
1871:
1862:
1861:
1837:
1836:
1823:
1805:
1804:
1780:
1779:
1755:
1754:
1730:
1729:
1705:
1704:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1663:
1662:
1638:
1637:
1624:
1606:
1605:
1581:
1580:
1556:
1555:
1531:
1530:
1517:
1499:
1498:
1474:
1473:
1449:
1448:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1382:
1381:
1357:
1356:
1332:
1331:
1318:
1300:
1299:
1275:
1274:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1233:
1232:
1214:
1213:
1185:
1176:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1121:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1020:
1012:
1007:
988:
987:
980:
979:
971:
970:
949:
948:
942:
941:
920:
919:
913:
912:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
870:
847:
834:
833:
826:
825:
817:
816:
795:
794:
788:
787:
766:
765:
759:
758:
737:
736:
724:
702:
693:
675:
674:
650:
649:
625:
624:
611:
606:
588:
587:
574:
556:
555:
531:
530:
506:
505:
481:
480:
456:
455:
442:
437:
419:
418:
394:
393:
380:
375:
370:
352:
351:
325:
324:
312:
302:
301:
291:
261:
255:
253:
252:
248:
245:
237:
169:
164:
161:
159:
135:
127:TCDD Taşımacılık
123:
56:
47:
35:
34:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4732:Binali Yıldırım
4697:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4663:
4622:
4552:
4530:
4494:
4449:
4436:
4420:
4394:
4354:
4339:
4337:
4307:
4302:
4289:
4275:Istanbul Otobüs
4243:
4214:
4176:
4138:
4117:
4084:
4030: Funicular
4016:
4002:Halkalı–Sirkeci
3989:
3949:
3925:
3832:
3736:Kabataş–Hastane
3691:
3549:
3544:
3502:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:Wayback Machine
3272:
3268:
3249:
3247:
3244:Archaeology.org
3236:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3208:Wayback Machine
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3132:
3128:
3114:
3110:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3081:Wayback Machine
3072:
3068:
3062:Wayback Machine
3053:
3049:
3037:Wayback Machine
3028:
3024:
3012:
3008:
2993:Teknisk Ukeblad
2985:
2981:
2970:Smith, Julian.
2969:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2897:Wayback Machine
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2845:
2838:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2754:Wayback Machine
2745:
2738:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2682:Turkish Straits
2657:
2626:Interchanges: 8
2596:
2572:
2520:
2476:
2436:
2418:
2412:
2402:(JICA) and the
2396:
2369:
2322:
2265:
2241:
2193:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2077:
2051:
2013:
2008:
1988:
1983:
1963:
1958:
1934:
1929:
1909:
1904:
1889:
1863:
1843:
1838:
1811:
1806:
1786:
1781:
1761:
1756:
1736:
1731:
1711:
1706:
1669:
1664:
1644:
1639:
1612:
1607:
1587:
1582:
1562:
1557:
1537:
1532:
1505:
1500:
1480:
1475:
1455:
1450:
1430:
1425:
1388:
1383:
1363:
1358:
1338:
1333:
1306:
1301:
1281:
1276:
1239:
1234:
1215:
1204:
1169:Ayrılık Çeşmesi
1164:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1141:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1079:
1064:Marmaray Tunnel
1052:
1045:
1034:
995:
990:
989:
982:
981:
972:
950:
943:
921:
914:
841:
836:
835:
828:
827:
818:
796:
789:
777:Kocamustafapaşa
767:
760:
738:
727:
681:
676:
656:
651:
631:
626:
594:
589:
562:
557:
537:
532:
512:
507:
491:Florya Akvaryum
487:
482:
462:
457:
425:
420:
400:
395:
358:
353:
336:
319:
289:
281:Operating speed
267:Electrification
257:
250:
246:
243:
241:
240:4 ft
239:
235:
185:
156:
133:
121:
115:
103:
59:
31:
24:
21:Marmaray Tunnel
17:
12:
11:
5:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4406:Afyonkarahisar
4402:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4336:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4260:Metro Istanbul
4251:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4210:Eyüp–Piyerloti
4201:
4199:Maçka–Taşkışla
4189:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4104:
4102:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4050:Kabataş–Taksim
4040:
4038:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4006:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3976:
3974:
3967:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3892:
3882:
3872:
3860:
3858:
3851:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3817:
3805:
3792:
3788:Emek–Yenidoğan
3779:
3766:
3753:
3740:
3727:
3713:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3679:
3669:
3658:
3647:
3636:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3594:
3584:
3572:
3570:
3563:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3472:(5): 592–601.
3461:
3460:
3459:
3445:
3431:
3417:
3400:
3395:
3379:
3378:External links
3376:
3373:
3372:
3349:
3318:
3290:
3266:
3230:
3218:
3193:
3168:
3143:
3126:
3108:
3085:
3066:
3047:
3022:
3006:
2979:
2948:
2922:
2901:
2882:
2856:
2854:, May 20, 2013
2836:
2819:
2791:
2764:
2736:
2726:Keith Fender,
2719:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:Eurasia Tunnel
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2595:
2592:
2571:
2568:
2564:Iron Silk Road
2519:
2516:
2475:
2472:
2414:Main article:
2411:
2408:
2395:
2392:
2368:
2365:
2334:Ayrılıkçeşmesi
2321:
2318:
2300:Fire-resistant
2292:Ayrılıkçeşmesi
2264:
2261:
2240:
2237:
2192:
2189:
2141:Sea of Marmara
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2052:This diagram:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1759:
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1742:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1721:
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1693:
1692:
1670:
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1633:
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1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
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1576:
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1568:
1563:
1560:
1558:
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1549:
1547:
1544:
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1538:
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1533:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1013:
996:
993:
991:
983:
975:
974:
973:
966:
964:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
944:
937:
935:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
915:
908:
906:
904:
898:
897:
861:
860:
854:
853:
842:
839:
837:
829:
821:
820:
819:
812:
810:
808:
802:
801:
799:
797:
790:
783:
781:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
761:
754:
752:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
732:
730:
728:
716:
715:
709:
708:
698:
695:
694:
682:
679:
677:
670:
668:
666:
663:
662:
657:
654:
652:
645:
643:
641:
638:
637:
632:
629:
627:
620:
618:
616:
613:
612:
595:
592:
590:
583:
581:
579:
576:
575:
563:
560:
558:
551:
549:
547:
544:
543:
538:
535:
533:
526:
524:
522:
519:
518:
513:
510:
508:
501:
499:
497:
494:
493:
488:
485:
483:
476:
474:
472:
469:
468:
463:
460:
458:
451:
449:
447:
444:
443:
426:
423:
421:
414:
412:
410:
407:
406:
401:
398:
396:
389:
387:
385:
382:
381:
359:
356:
354:
347:
345:
343:
340:
339:
337:
334:
332:
330:
328:
321:
320:
315:
307:
306:
298:
297:
292:
290:Track owner(s)
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
269:
263:
262:
259:standard gauge
233:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4784:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4455:Rapid transit
4452:
4447:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:Suburban rail
4357:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4334:
4329:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4280:Şehir Hatları
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224: Payment
4222:
4217:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Şehir Hatları
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Commuter rail
3961:
3956:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3814:Sefaköy–TÜYAP
3810:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3360:
3353:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3182:
3181:www.aa.com.tr
3178:
3172:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3136:
3133:Uysal, Onur.
3130:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2972:"The Big Dig"
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2849:
2846:Uysal, Onur.
2843:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2826:Uysal, Onur.
2823:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2433:Hyundai Rotem
2427:
2422:
2417:
2410:Rolling stock
2407:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:immersed tube
2293:
2289:
2285:
2284:immersed tube
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:rolling stock
2199:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:of the words
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:European side
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:commuter rail
2107:
2101:
2093:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1840:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1783:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1584:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:Süreyya Plajı
1477:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1335:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1161:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
1001:
992:
965:
963:
961:
957:
952:
936:
934:
932:
928:
923:
907:
905:
903:
899:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
865:
859:
856:
855:
852:
849:
848:
838:
811:
809:
807:
803:
798:
782:
780:
778:
774:
769:
753:
751:
749:
745:
740:
731:
729:
726:
723:
714:
711:
710:
707:
704:
703:
696:
692:
688:
687:
678:
669:
667:
664:
661:
653:
644:
642:
639:
636:
628:
619:
617:
614:
610:
605:
601:
600:
591:
582:
580:
577:
573:
569:
568:
559:
550:
548:
545:
542:
534:
525:
523:
520:
517:
509:
500:
498:
495:
492:
484:
475:
473:
470:
467:
459:
450:
448:
445:
441:
436:
432:
431:
422:
413:
411:
408:
405:
404:Mustafa Kemal
397:
388:
386:
383:
379:
374:
369:
365:
364:
355:
346:
344:
341:
333:
331:
329:
326:
323:
322:
318:
314:
313:
308:
303:
299:
296:
293:
287:
283:
279:
276:
275:Overhead line
273:
270:
268:
264:
260:
236:1,435 mm
234:
232:
228:
225:
222:
220:
219:Rolling stock
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
172:
168:
163:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
131:
128:
125:
119:
113:
111:First service
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
73:Commuter rail
71:
67:
62:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4384:
4297:
4296:
4235:
4231:Istanbulkart
4008:
4000:
3984:
3964:
3941:
3890:Kadıköy–Moda
3880:Taksim–Tünel
3824:
3812:
3799:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3707:
3503:(in Turkish)
3469:
3465:
3455:
3452:
3441:
3438:
3427:
3424:
3413:
3410:
3365:November 13,
3363:. Retrieved
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3333:
3309:. Retrieved
3302:
3293:
3269:
3261:
3248:. Retrieved
3243:
3233:
3221:
3211:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3180:
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3155:
3146:
3138:
3129:
3119:
3111:
3100:
3069:
3050:
3040:
3025:
3017:
3009:
2991:
2982:
2974:
2939:. Retrieved
2935:the original
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2904:
2885:
2875:November 18,
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2859:
2851:
2831:
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2803:
2794:
2783:
2757:
2731:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2705:
2696:
2597:
2589:
2573:
2560:
2552:Victor Ponta
2544:Abdullah Gül
2540:
2529:
2477:
2469:
2437:€580 million
2430:
2397:
2372:
2370:
2349:
2342:
2323:
2320:Second phase
2307:
2281:
2266:
2242:
2210:
2207:
2194:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2091:
2090:
2016:
1814:
1672:
1615:
1508:
1391:
1309:
1244:Söğütlüçeşme
1242:
1182:
1167:
1112:
998:
858:Transfer Ctr
844:
699:
684:
597:
565:
430:Küçükçekmece
428:
361:
205:
69:Service type
32:
4013:(1951-2013)
4005:(1955-2013)
3946:(2006-2011)
3738:(2025/2026)
3250:October 27,
3139:Rail Turkey
2941:October 28,
2915:January 12,
2852:Rail Turkey
2832:Rail Turkey
2812:October 28,
2706:Daily Sabah
2416:TCDD E32000
2263:First phase
2173:portmanteau
931:Cankurtaran
719: (now
660:Zeytinburnu
635:Yenimahalle
231:Track gauge
224:TCDD E32000
97:Predecessor
4701:Categories
4644:Diyarbakır
2712:August 19,
2688:References
2585:Floodgates
2548:Shinzō Abe
2457:Bombardier
2426:Kazlıçeşme
2330:Kazlıçeşme
2288:Kazlıçeşme
2196:president
2147:under the
2137:Asian side
2096:pronounced
1189:Haydarpaşa
1085:Haydarpaşa
1070:under the
686:Kazlıçeşme
4639:Adapazarı
4588:Gaziantep
4583:Eskişehir
4506:Gaziantep
4432:Adapazarı
4380:Gaziantep
4295:Lines in
4248:Operators
4127: Bus
3458:: 612–16.
3444:: 609–11.
3430:: 600–03.
3416:: 604–08.
3342:August 6,
3311:August 6,
3262:The Times
2566:concept.
2496:city wall
2480:Byzantine
2394:Financing
2380:Silk Road
2245:Bosphorus
2221:Eskişehir
2135:, on the
2127:, on the
1967:Osmangazi
1790:Aydıntepe
1765:Güzelyalı
1459:İdealtepe
1434:Küçükyalı
1285:Feneryolu
541:Yeşilyurt
305:Route map
213:Technical
145:Ridership
82:Operating
4707:Marmaray
4681:Istanbul
4593:Istanbul
4548:Istanbul
4485:Istanbul
4385:Istanbul
4239:(former)
3985:Marmaray
3335:Hürriyet
3304:Hürriyet
3278:Archived
3204:Archived
3186:July 12,
3161:July 12,
3077:Archived
3058:Archived
3033:Archived
2893:Archived
2890:Istanbul
2750:Archived
2655:See also
2508:amphorae
2488:Yenikapı
2360:Bostancı
2303:concrete
2298:tunnel.
2233:Bulgaria
2169:Marmaray
2149:Bosporus
2117:Istanbul
2092:Marmaray
1913:Çayırova
1715:Kaynarca
1393:Bostancı
1196:suburban
1072:Bosporus
851:Yenikapı
806:Yenikapı
748:Yedikule
713:suburban
706:Istanbul
599:Bakırköy
516:Yeşilköy
254: in
158:marmaray
91:Istanbul
64:Overview
38:Marmaray
4727:Üsküdar
4659:Trabzon
4649:Erzurum
4608:Kayseri
4573:Antalya
4566:Current
4463:Current
4411:Kayseri
4368:Current
4162:Sea bus
4037:Current
3973:Current
3857:Current
3569:Current
3474:Bibcode
3004:, 2007.
2518:Opening
2461:Siemens
2445:TÜVASAŞ
2441:Eurotem
2367:Freight
2326:Halkalı
2253:Halkalı
2239:Project
2198:Erdoğan
2191:History
2177:Marmara
2125:Halkalı
1816:İçmeler
1740:Tersane
1541:Cevizli
1510:Maltepe
1367:Suadiye
1342:Erenköy
1311:Göztepe
1114:Üsküdar
1000:Sirkeci
960:Sirkeci
902:Kumkapı
871:
363:Halkalı
249:⁄
183:Halkalı
179:Termini
153:Website
4654:Mersin
4627:Future
4618:Samsun
4526:Mersin
4499:Future
4475:Ankara
4425:Former
4399:Future
4375:Ankara
4352:Turkey
4346:Urban
4298:italic
4208:
4197:
4167:Turyol
4098:
4048:
3994:Former
3963:
3930:Former
3899:
3868:
3847:
3841:
3828:(2029)
3826:HızRay
3803:(2025)
3790:(2028)
3777:(2025)
3764:(2025)
3751:(2025)
3725:(2025)
3720:
3711:(2025)
3696:Future
3665:
3654:
3643:
3632:
3601:
3580:
3559:
2732:Trains
2504:galley
2463:, and
2449:Alstom
2384:Europe
2217:Ankara
2161:Russia
2153:Europe
2145:tunnel
2121:Turkey
1992:Darıca
1674:Pendik
1617:Kartal
1566:Atalar
1023:Europe
567:Ataköy
466:Florya
317:Legend
310:
87:Locale
79:Status
4717:Fatih
4686:İzmir
4673:Ferry
4634:Adana
4613:Konya
4603:İzmir
4598:İzmit
4578:Bursa
4521:Konya
4516:İzmit
4511:Gebze
4490:İzmir
4480:Bursa
4470:Adana
4416:Konya
4390:İzmir
4237:Akbil
4149:Ferry
4060:Tünel
3561:Metro
2975:Wired
2512:Glass
2465:Nurol
2388:China
2338:Gebze
2257:Gebze
2229:Sofia
2225:Konya
2171:is a
2133:Gebze
2131:, to
2018:Gebze
1938:Fatih
1888:
1869:
1847:Tuzla
1648:Yunus
1591:Başak
1202:
1183:
1078:
1058:
1033:
1018:
864:
845:
700:
187:Gebze
174:Route
4558:Tram
4270:İETT
4265:TCDD
3849:Tram
3367:2019
3344:2013
3313:2013
3252:2008
3188:2022
3163:2022
2943:2013
2917:2015
2877:2018
2814:2013
2714:2023
2398:The
2386:and
2336:and
2328:and
2275:and
2255:and
2223:and
2185:rail
2179:and
2157:Asia
2155:and
2072:edit
2065:talk
2058:view
1028:Asia
160:.gov
4540:BRT
4285:İDO
4100:BRT
3482:doi
3451:,"
3437:,"
3423:,"
3409:,"
3228:CNN
2498:of
2486:at
2453:CAF
2231:in
2213:YHT
2181:Ray
1942:GTÜ
162:.tr
4703::
3480:.
3470:24
3468:.
3456:20
3442:20
3428:20
3414:20
3332:.
3321:^
3301:.
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3260:,
3256:;
3242:.
3210:,
3179:.
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3099:.
3088:^
3039:,
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3000:"
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2850:,
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2802:.
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2767:^
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2451:,
2279:.
2219:,
2187:.
2119:,
2012:75
1987:73
1962:72
1933:71
1908:70
1842:66
1810:63
1785:62
1760:61
1735:60
1710:58
1668:56
1643:54
1611:52
1586:51
1561:50
1536:48
1504:46
1479:45
1454:43
1429:42
1387:41
1362:39
1337:38
1305:36
1280:35
1238:34
1163:33
1108:28
994:25
840:22
680:19
655:17
630:15
593:14
561:13
536:11
335:km
256:)
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3488:.
3484::
3476::
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2716:.
2094:(
1940:-
725:)
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486:6
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357:0
251:2
247:1
244:+
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238:(
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