492:
253:
594:
564:
609:
519:
549:
507:
624:
579:
477:
639:
33:
651:
534:
408:
transformed broad ideas such as "Time" and "Summer" into highly stylized human forms. Many of her works incorporate muted natural tones, elongated nude human forms, and a subtle interplay between geometric and natural motifs. Above all, her designs demonstrated a type of originality that distinguishes her from other artists of her time.
274:
because he recognised that they were working in similar styles. By 1894, they were showing their work together in student exhibitions, some of which was made collaboratively. Reception of the work was mixed, and it was commented that the gaunt, linear forms of the
Macdonald sisters' artwork – clearly
239:
Charles Rennie
Mackintosh is frequently claimed to be Scotland's most famous architect. Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh was somewhat marginalised in comparison. Yet she was celebrated in her time by many of her peers, including her husband who once wrote in a letter to her, "Remember, you are half if
407:
The beginning of her artistic career reflects broad strokes of experimentation. Largely drawing from her imagination, she reinterpreted traditional themes, allegories, and symbols in inventive ways. For instance, immediately following the 1896 opening of her
Glasgow studio with her sister, she
243:
Active and recognised during her career, between 1895 and 1924 she contributed to more than 40 European and
American exhibitions. Poor health cut short Margaret's career and, as far as is known, she produced no work after 1921. She died in 1933.
454:. This work was extremely popular in Vienna and its surrounding art scene. When the Waerndorfer villa was sold in 1916, it disappeared from public view for a long time. In 1990, it was rediscovered in a crate in the basement of the
282:
Most collaborative work in the 1890s was with her sister, particularly following the opening of their studio in 1896. Some works were made by both together, while others were series of works, such as a set of four paintings with
193:, Staffordshire; their names are recorded in the school register. In the 1881 census Margaret, aged 16, was a visitor at someone else's house on census night and was listed as a scholar. By 1890, the family had settled in
403:
wrote, "With a delightfully innocent air these two sisters disclaim any attempt to acknowledge that
Egyptian decoration has interested them specially. 'We have no basis.' Nor do they advance any theory."
368:
considered by some to be her finest work. This collaboration was described by contemporary critic Amelia
Levetus as "perhaps their greatest work, for they were allowed perfectly free scope".
376:
Mackintosh did not keep sketchbooks, which reflects her reliance on imagination rather than on nature. A few sources provided significant inspiration for her works, including the
220:
She began collaborating with her sister
Frances, and in 1896 the pair worked from their studio at 128 Hope Street, Glasgow, where they produced book illustrations, embroidery,
232:
metalwork. Their innovative work was inspired by Celtic imagery, literature, symbolism, and folklore. Margaret later collaborated with her husband, the architect and designer
420:, their gesso panels were shown at the eighth exhibition of the Vienna Secession in 1900. The Mackintosh-Macdonald interior designs exhibited in 1900 with their restricted
720:
236:, whom she married on 22 August 1900. Her most well-known works are the gesso panels made for interiors designed with Charles, such as tearooms and private residences.
352:
were already designing two of its rooms; he invited the
Mackintoshes to design the music room. That room was decorated with panels of Margaret's art: the
1315:
270:, but they probably met around 1892 at the Glasgow School of Art (Mackintosh and MacNair were studying as night students), introduced by the Headmaster
593:
805:
841:
491:
1033:
1472:
1497:
1433:
1288:
608:
518:
1117:
Neat, Timothy (1990). "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Sailor: Margaret
Macdonald and the Principle of Choice". In Burkhauser, Jude (ed.).
563:
1422:
1308:
548:
506:
1283:
189:, her father was a colliery manager and engineer. Margaret and her younger sister Frances both attended the Orme Girls' School,
1278:
1264:
893:
252:
1176:
1151:
1126:
1101:
981:
956:
333:. They continued to be popular in the Viennese art scene, both exhibiting at the Viennese International Art Exhibit in 1909.
1047:
623:
1301:
436:
399:. Her works, along with those works of her often collaborating sister, defied her contemporaries' conceptions of art.
302:
She created several important interior schemes with her husband, including work at the home of her brother
Charles at
1507:
1201:
928:
686:
240:
not three-quarters in all my architectural work ..."; and reportedly "Margaret has genius, I have only talent."
1462:
1375:
1345:
533:
650:
1487:
753:
638:
455:
1502:
1482:
1385:
578:
279:– were 'ghoulish' and earned them the moniker 'The Spook School'. They became known locally as "The Four".
1243:
259:
is one of a number of botanical illustrations carrying Margaret's initials alongside those of her husband
1492:
1467:
476:
266:
It is unclear exactly when the Macdonald sisters met Charles Rennie Mackintosh and his friend/colleague
830:
217:. Additionally, she joined other groups, such as the Scottish Society of Watercolour Painters in 1898.
287:
frames on the seasons where each two works on the theme. They also created a set of illustrations for
1370:
1324:
260:
233:
146:
1167:
Robertson, Pamela (1990). "Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh (1864–1933)". In Burkhauser, Jude (ed.).
1142:
Robertson, Pamela (1990). "Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh (1864–1933)". In Burkhauser, Jude (ed.).
1092:
Robertson, Pamela (1990). "Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh (1864–1933)". In Burkhauser, Jude (ed.).
1477:
1360:
1350:
1217:
997:
787:
284:
228:
1365:
882:(Fourth ed.). United States of America: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 81.
392:
1395:
1355:
439:
in Glasgow. The 2017–18 restoration of The Willow Tearooms building has seen a recreation of
429:
296:
271:
202:
100:
1457:
1452:
190:
341:
8:
1380:
451:
396:
866:
The Chronicle: the letters of Charles Rennie Mackintosh to Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
344:, was building a new villa outside Vienna showcasing the work of many local architects.
1027:
1072:
Levetus, Amelia S. (29 May 1909). "Glasgow Artists in Vienna: Kunstschau Exhibition".
1197:
1172:
1147:
1122:
1097:
977:
952:
924:
783:
759:
749:
682:
425:
337:
198:
1015:
897:
319:
306:
Many of these were executed at the early part of the 20th century; and include the
276:
136:
1390:
657:
450:, three wall-sized gesso panels showing a scene from a play by the same name, by
315:
303:
267:
205:
studying courses in design. There, she worked with a variety of media, including
110:
80:
1417:
388:
345:
330:
288:
32:
1446:
1019:
400:
349:
186:
178:
162:
132:
61:
1293:
763:
157:(5 November 1864 – 7 January 1933) was an English-born artist who worked in
421:
326:
323:
206:
806:"Margaret MacDonald: the talented other half of Charles Rennie Mackintosh"
776:
Keller, Victoria (1985), "Scottish Woman Artists" in Parker, Geoff (ed.),
1340:
743:
128:
778:
210:
182:
458:
in Vienna. The gesso panels are now on permanent display in the city.
1244:"Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh The White Rose and the Red Rose, 1902"
1265:
Wikigallery - The May Queen 1900, by Margaret MacDonald Mackintosh.
947:
Howarth, Thomas (1990). "Introduction". In Burkhauser, Jude (ed.).
365:
214:
161:, and whose design work became one of the defining features of the
158:
382:
314:
in 1903, the designs for House for an Art Lover in 1900, and the
194:
295:
that was recently re-discovered in a special collections of the
1289:
Information on The Group of Four from the Hunterian Art Gallery
174:
114:
57:
417:
416:
Mackintosh and her husband Charles were part of the popular
377:
311:
222:
443:
installed in the original location within the Room de Luxe.
1194:
Art Nouveau: Art, Architecture and Design in Transformation
1048:"Mackintosh Architecture: The Catalogue - browse - display"
465:
was auctioned for ÂŁ1.7 million ($ 3.3 million).
336:
In 1902, the couple received a major Viennese commission:
880:
Charles and Ray Eames: Designers of the Twentieth Century
118:
721:"The Mysterious Garden – Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh"
428:
had an immediate impact on contemporary tastes, as the
838:
Mackintosh Architecture: Context, Making and Meaning
896:. Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society. Archived from
701:
Orme Girls' School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Registers
318:in 1902. She exhibited with Mackintosh at the 1900
1279:Biography at the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society
1169:'Glasgow Girls': Women in Art and Design 1880–1920
1144:'Glasgow Girls': Women in Art and Design 1880–1920
1119:'Glasgow Girls': Women in Art and Design 1880–1920
1094:'Glasgow Girls': Women in Art and Design 1880–1920
974:'Glasgow Girls': Women in Art and Design 1880–1920
949:'Glasgow Girls': Women in Art and Design 1880–1920
921:The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Interior Design
1444:
1012:Katalog der Internationalen Kunstschau Wien 1909
1191:
748:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
972:Burkhauser, Jude (1990). "The Glasgow Style".
1323:
1309:
918:
745:The studios of Frances and Margaret Macdonald
799:
797:
795:
435:Her gesso panels are now on display in the
1316:
1302:
1032:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
971:
871:
823:
31:
1166:
1141:
1091:
1423:Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)
792:
371:
251:
1071:
946:
877:
741:
441:"Oh ye, all ye that walk in Willowwood"
257:Japanese Witch Hazel, Walberswick, 1915
1445:
1196:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 201.
923:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 212.
831:"MX.04 Interiors for 120 Mains Street"
432:was less lavish than earlier designs.
1297:
1171:. Edinburgh: Canongate. p. 109.
1146:. Edinburgh: Canongate. p. 110.
1121:. Edinburgh: Canongate. p. 117.
1096:. Edinburgh: Canongate. p. 113.
1087:
1085:
1083:
942:
940:
540:Oh ye, all ye that walk in Willowwood
1116:
998:"Defence of Guenevere - ublibraries"
976:. Edinburgh: Canongate. p. 85.
951:. Edinburgh: Canongate. p. 57.
681:. Phaidon Press. 2019. p. 253.
322:, where she was an influence on the
1473:Alumni of the Glasgow School of Art
1284:The Hunterian Mackintosh Collection
847:from the original on 9 October 2022
803:
310:at the International Exhibition at
247:
13:
1498:20th-century British women artists
1080:
937:
782:No. 23, Summer 1986, pp. 28 - 33,
201:, enrolled as day students at the
14:
1519:
1272:
1052:mackintosh-architecture.gla.ac.uk
894:"Margaret Macdonald (1864–1933)"
723:. National Galleries of Scotland
649:
637:
622:
607:
592:
577:
562:
547:
532:
517:
505:
490:
475:
1258:
1236:
1210:
1185:
1160:
1135:
1110:
1065:
1040:
1004:
990:
965:
912:
886:
463:The White Rose and the Red Rose
411:
859:
770:
735:
713:
704:
695:
671:
340:, the initial financer of the
1:
1386:Scotland Street School Museum
665:
197:and Margaret and her sister,
155:Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
25:Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
1014:. Vienna. 1909. p. 48.
173:Born Margaret Macdonald, at
168:
7:
1434:Images on Wikimedia Commons
165:during the 1890s to 1900s.
10:
1524:
468:
16:English artist (1864–1933)
1431:
1404:
1333:
1326:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
840:. University of Glasgos.
512:Embroidered panels, 1902.
446:Her grandest work is the
275:showing the influence of
261:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
234:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
226:panels, leaded glass and
147:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
142:
124:
106:
96:
88:
69:
39:
30:
23:
1508:Members of The Immortals
1192:Charlotte Ashby (2021).
742:Helland, Janice (1996).
656:The Room de Luxe at the
1463:Scottish women painters
1351:Glasgow Herald Building
868:, Pamela Robertson, ed.
644:Menu card design, 1911.
525:White Rose And Red Rose
461:In 2008, her 1902 work
1371:Martyrs' Public School
1366:House for an Art Lover
919:Mark Hinchman (2021).
456:Museum of Applied Arts
263:
1488:Art Nouveau designers
1356:Glasgow School of Art
878:Kirkham, Pat (2001).
615:The Opera of the Seas
600:The Mysterious Garden
430:interior architecture
372:Inspiration and style
297:University at Buffalo
255:
203:Glasgow School of Art
101:Glasgow School of Art
1503:British embroiderers
1483:Art Nouveau painters
1376:Queen's Cross Church
293:Defence of Guenevere
191:Newcastle-under-Lyme
1381:Ruchill Church Hall
804:Panther, Patricia.
679:Great Women Artists
452:Maurice Maeterlinck
397:Maurice Maeterlinck
395:, and the works of
364:, a new wall-sized
1493:Scottish designers
1468:People from Tipton
1412:Margaret Macdonald
555:Opera of the Winds
437:Kelvingrove Museum
354:Opera of the Winds
264:
44:Margaret Macdonald
1440:
1439:
1222:sammlungen.mak.at
1218:"Sammlung Online"
1178:978-1-84195-151-5
1153:978-1-84195-151-5
1128:978-1-84195-151-5
1103:978-1-84195-151-5
1020:2027/uc1.b3819965
983:978-1-84195-151-5
958:978-1-84195-151-5
900:on 4 January 2016
358:Opera of the Seas
342:Wiener Werkstätte
338:Fritz Waerndorfer
199:Frances Macdonald
152:
151:
1515:
1346:Artist's Cottage
1327:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1008:
1002:
1001:
994:
988:
987:
969:
963:
962:
944:
935:
934:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
890:
884:
883:
875:
869:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
846:
835:
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
801:
790:
774:
768:
767:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
717:
711:
708:
702:
699:
693:
692:
675:
653:
641:
630:La mort parfumée
626:
611:
596:
581:
570:Seven Princesses
566:
551:
536:
521:
509:
494:
479:
448:Seven Princesses
362:Seven Princesses
320:Vienna Secession
277:Aubrey Beardsley
248:The Glasgow Four
76:
53:
51:
35:
21:
20:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1427:
1400:
1391:Willow Tearooms
1329:
1325:
1322:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1090:
1081:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1025:
1024:
1010:
1009:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
984:
970:
966:
959:
945:
938:
931:
917:
913:
903:
901:
892:
891:
887:
876:
872:
864:
860:
850:
848:
844:
833:
829:
828:
824:
814:
812:
802:
793:
775:
771:
756:
740:
736:
726:
724:
719:
718:
714:
709:
705:
700:
696:
689:
677:
676:
672:
668:
661:
658:Willow Tearooms
654:
645:
642:
633:
627:
618:
612:
603:
597:
588:
582:
573:
567:
558:
552:
543:
537:
528:
522:
513:
510:
501:
495:
486:
480:
471:
422:colour palettes
414:
374:
316:Willow Tearooms
272:Francis Newbery
268:Herbert MacNair
250:
171:
111:Decorative Arts
84:
78:
74:
65:
55:
54:5 November 1864
49:
47:
46:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:Glasgow School
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1418:Glasgow School
1415:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1273:External links
1271:
1269:
1268:
1257:
1235:
1209:
1202:
1184:
1177:
1159:
1152:
1134:
1127:
1109:
1102:
1079:
1074:Glasgow Herald
1064:
1039:
1003:
989:
982:
964:
957:
936:
929:
911:
885:
870:
858:
822:
791:
769:
754:
734:
712:
703:
694:
687:
669:
667:
664:
663:
662:
655:
648:
646:
643:
636:
634:
628:
621:
619:
613:
606:
604:
598:
591:
589:
583:
576:
574:
568:
561:
559:
553:
546:
544:
538:
531:
529:
523:
516:
514:
511:
504:
502:
496:
489:
487:
481:
474:
470:
467:
413:
410:
373:
370:
331:Josef Hoffmann
289:William Morris
249:
246:
170:
167:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
126:
122:
121:
108:
107:Known for
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
79:
77:(aged 68)
73:7 January 1933
71:
67:
66:
56:
43:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1520:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1261:
1245:
1239:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1203:9781350061163
1199:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1076:. p. 11.
1075:
1068:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
999:
993:
985:
979:
975:
968:
960:
954:
950:
943:
941:
932:
930:9781501365188
926:
922:
915:
899:
895:
889:
881:
874:
867:
862:
843:
839:
832:
826:
811:
807:
800:
798:
796:
789:
785:
781:
780:
773:
765:
761:
757:
751:
747:
746:
738:
722:
716:
707:
698:
690:
688:9780714878775
684:
680:
674:
670:
659:
652:
647:
640:
635:
631:
625:
620:
616:
610:
605:
601:
595:
590:
586:
580:
575:
571:
565:
560:
556:
550:
545:
541:
535:
530:
526:
520:
515:
508:
503:
499:
498:The May Queen
493:
488:
484:
478:
473:
472:
466:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:gesso revival
409:
405:
402:
401:Gleeson White
398:
394:
390:
386:
384:
379:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:Koloman Moser
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
325:
324:Secessionists
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
280:
278:
273:
269:
262:
258:
254:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
230:
225:
224:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:Wolverhampton
184:
180:
179:Staffordshire
176:
166:
164:
163:Glasgow Style
160:
156:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
133:Glasgow Style
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
72:
68:
63:
62:Staffordshire
59:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1411:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1246:. Christie's
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1221:
1212:
1193:
1187:
1168:
1162:
1143:
1137:
1118:
1112:
1093:
1073:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1042:
1011:
1006:
992:
973:
967:
948:
920:
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
888:
879:
873:
865:
861:
849:. Retrieved
837:
825:
813:. Retrieved
809:
777:
772:
744:
737:
725:. Retrieved
715:
706:
697:
678:
673:
629:
614:
599:
584:
569:
554:
539:
524:
497:
482:
462:
460:
447:
445:
440:
434:
415:
412:Popular work
406:
381:
375:
361:
357:
353:
335:
327:Gustav Klimt
308:Rose Boudoir
307:
301:
292:
281:
265:
256:
242:
238:
227:
221:
219:
172:
154:
153:
75:(1933-01-07)
18:
1458:1933 deaths
1453:1864 births
1341:78 Derngate
1224:(in German)
710:1881 Census
424:and fitted
129:Art Nouveau
89:Nationality
1447:Categories
1396:Windy Hill
1361:Hill House
1250:25 October
904:25 October
851:4 December
779:Cencrastus
755:0719047838
727:25 October
666:References
360:, and the
211:embroidery
183:Birmingham
50:1864-11-05
1334:Buildings
1028:cite book
788:0264-0856
387:poems by
304:Dunglass.
207:metalwork
169:Biography
137:Symbolism
97:Education
64:, England
842:Archived
764:33439974
393:Rossetti
366:triptych
346:Hoffmann
285:repoussé
229:repoussé
215:textiles
181:between
159:Scotland
125:Movement
83:, London
1405:Related
815:8 March
632:, 1921.
617:, 1915.
602:, 1911.
587:, 1908.
585:Ophelia
557:, 1903.
542:, 1903.
527:, 1902.
500:, 1900.
485:, 1898.
469:Gallery
426:benches
383:Odyssey
195:Glasgow
92:English
81:Chelsea
1414:(wife)
1228:5 June
1200:
1175:
1150:
1125:
1100:
1057:5 June
980:
955:
927:
786:
762:
752:
685:
572:, 1907
483:Winter
389:Morris
380:, the
356:, the
213:, and
175:Tipton
143:Spouse
115:Design
58:Tipton
845:(PDF)
834:(PDF)
378:Bible
312:Turin
223:gesso
1252:2015
1230:2017
1198:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1123:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1059:2017
1034:link
978:ISBN
953:ISBN
925:ISBN
906:2015
853:2014
817:2015
784:ISSN
760:OCLC
750:ISBN
729:2015
683:ISBN
391:and
348:and
329:and
185:and
70:Died
40:Born
1016:hdl
810:BBC
119:Art
1449::
1220:.
1082:^
1050:.
1030:}}
1026:{{
939:^
836:.
808:.
794:^
758:.
299:.
291:'
209:,
177:,
135:,
131:,
117:,
113:,
60:,
1317:e
1310:t
1303:v
1254:.
1232:.
1206:.
1181:.
1156:.
1131:.
1106:.
1061:.
1036:)
1022:.
1018::
1000:.
986:.
961:.
933:.
908:.
855:.
819:.
766:.
731:.
691:.
660:.
385:,
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
