Marengo campaign - Knowledge

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civilians began dying of starvation. Not knowing that Ott had already been ordered to give up the siege, Massena began negotiations on 2 June. Massena demanded that his surrendered troops be allowed to fight after entering French lines, and that his sick soldiers be shipped home on British vessels. Ott agreed to those terms on 4 June. Of the 7,000 French who marched out, 6,000 were unfit for combat, and 4,000 more soldiers required medical attention. Ott installed Hohenzollern with a strong garrison in Genoa and marched his corps over the Bocchetta Pass to join Melas. Elsnitz started out with 17,000 troops but his withdrawal was very poorly managed from the start. Elsnitz abandoned 800 sick men and many cannons at Nice, and his soldiers began to desert. Suchet, who had been reinforced to a strength of 12,000 men, conducted a very aggressive pursuit. Guessing that Elsnitz would retreat via the

1696: 1830: 200: 189: 147: 1423: 2210: 1279: 2173: 1470: 218: 1782: 251: 1376: 2169:'s heavy cavalry brigade and the 8th Dragoon Regiment. At the same hour, Ott's two divisions began to turn the French right flank. At 2:00 pm, Victor and Lannes finally abandoned Marengo and the line of Fontanone Creek. The French fell back slowly, harassed by cavalry and pounded by artillery. Monnier's division and the Consular Guard arrived and were committed to stop Ott's advance, but they were also forced to retreat. Meanwhile, O'Reilly's entire division became absorbed in pursuing and capturing a detachment of 300–400 French soldiers at Cassina Bianca. 2190:

battery and blasted Saint-Julien's troops. Boudet's 9th Light Infantry Regiment attacked and drove back Saint-Julien's brigade which reformed behind the grenadiers. Boudet's other two regiments deployed on the 9th Light's right flank and they all advanced. After Lattermann's grenadiers fired a volley, Kellermann's heavy cavalry crashed into their left flank and Boudet's men attacked them in front. In the general collapse that followed, Zach was captured along with 2,000 Austrian soldiers. Joined by more cavalry under Murat, Kellermann's troopers routed the

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attempted to storm the defenses of Genoa but was repulsed with 3,147 casualties. The French defenders sustained 1,526 casualties, but the assault nearly succeeded. After this failure, Ott decided to starve the defenders into surrendering. Massena launched several sorties, including one led by Soult on 11 May that inflicted losses of 137 killed, 328 wounded, and 1,362 captured on the besiegers. Two days later, a French sortie failed, and Soult was wounded and taken prisoner.

1906: 2122:(4,390), Turin (3,860), Milan (2,816), and other lesser fortresses. These soldiers would be unavailable for battle. Worse, Melas also assigned 3,000 men to garrison Alessandria's citadel, subtracting them from his field army. Altogether, the Austrian army numbered 24,073 infantry and 7,543 cavalry supported by 92 artillery pieces, not including battalion guns. From this force, at 9:00 am, Melas would send away an entire 2,341-man 258: 225: 2218:

which Arnold suggested may be too low. Desaix was killed, GB Pierre Champeaux was fatally wounded, Boudet and five generals of brigade were wounded. The Austrians reported losing 9,416 men killed, wounded, or captured, and 13 artillery pieces. However, a more realistic estimate would be 11,000 casualties. Hadik was mortally wounded and five generalmajors were wounded.

1357:. At first, Bonaparte planned to use the Reserve Army to carry out an enveloping maneuver against Kray's army in Swabia. However, Moreau obstinately refused to cooperate with Bonaparte's strategy. Therefore, Bonaparte left Moreau to carry out his own operations and instead decided to commit the Reserve Army to Italy. Bonaparte arranged for Moreau to transfer GD 2115:

hand, the French had Victor's two divisions at Marengo, the soldiers of Lannes and Murat were behind Victor, and Monnier and the Consular Guard were at Bonaparte's headquarters. Desaix with Boudet's division had been sent toward Novi. Including Boudet, the French army counted 26,029 infantry, 3,851 cavalry, and 493 gunners supported by 35 artillery pieces.

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on 11 May. Elsnitz found Suchet's troops in defensive positions along the Var River. On 20 May, the British navy landed heavy artillery to support the Austrian advance. Meanwhile, Melas began receiving disturbing reports about French activities in Switzerland. As early as 8 May, Melas transferred one

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Dragoon Regiment Nr. 9 on its left flank. Farther back was Kaim's main body. Ott's corps advanced on the left and O'Reilly's division was on the right. Sometime around 5:00 pm, Desaix with Boudet's division finally appeared on the field. Marmont massed his 18 remaining artillery pieces into a single

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on the Ticino. At first, Murat crossed the river and captured 1,500 Austrians. However, Laudon's soldiers stoutly defended a canal that ran parallel to the river, holding up Murat for an entire day before withdrawing. At the same time, Duhesme's two divisions (Boudet and Loison) crossed the river at

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to negotiate terms. They were soon joined by Zach, a French prisoner. Having fought so long to capture Genoa, Melas was reluctant to give it up, but Bonaparte was adamant. At 10:00 pm, Melas signed the Convention of Alessandria. The Austrian army was permitted to withdraw intact to the east bank of

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Late on 13 June, Victor with Gardanne's division attacked Marengo and drove out O'Reilly's division after a lackluster defense, capturing two 4-pounder cannons. Bonaparte was apparently convinced that Melas' abandonment of the Scrivia plain meant that the Austrian army was only intent on escape. At

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officer who saw Bonaparte at the Chiusella. He assumed that Lannes' force at Chivasso was the spearhead of the Reserve Army, but it was only a diversion. A conventional general might have first attacked Melas at Turin in an attempt to march directly to the relief of Genoa. Instead, Bonaparte turned

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told Ott to avoid combat, but Ott rejected that advice. About 1:00 pm, Victor arrived on the field with the 5,000 men of Chambarlhac's division while Gardanne's division was still crossing the Po River. Ott eventually conceded the field to the French, withdrawing to Alessandria after leaving 2,000

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Stockard di Bernkopf commanded only 350 soldiers, the fort bristled with 16 large and 26 medium caliber cannons, plus a number of lighter guns. A bombardment on 21 May had no effect on the fort and Bernkopf refused to consider surrendering. Bonaparte crossed the Great St Bernard Pass on 20 May and

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River, which would become the boundary between Austrian and French territory. All Austrian territory west of the river was handed over to the French. The war would not resume until each side had a ten-day notice. The Austrians pledged not to detach troops from Italy to Germany. The Austrians were

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River. La Poype's division was ordered to the north bank of the Po at Valenza to block that possible Austrian escape route. On 9 June, Murat and Boudet were at Piacenza, Monnier was at Stradella, Loison was at Cremona, and Chabran was at Vercelli. By blocking all of Melas' lines of communication,

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to move his 3,000-man division east through the Stradella defile to secure the city of Piacenza which was a supply base. Melas also sent his reserve artillery and an additional brigade from Ott's command. After failing to cross at Piacenza on 5 June, Murat and Boudet crossed the Po downstream and

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Bonaparte attempted to gloss over French losses by reporting 700-800 killed, 2,000 wounded, and 1,100 prisoners. The divisions of Gardanne and Boudet never reported their losses, but Watrin's division alone reported over 2,000 casualties. Historian Édouard Gachot estimated French losses as 7,700

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On the evening of 3 June, Lannes' vanguard charged into Pavia, capturing 2,000 hospitalized Austrian soldiers and many military supplies. Bonaparte ordered Lannes to cross to the south bank of the Po and seize the Stradella defile. At the same time, he ordered Murat and Boudet to cross the Po at

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Seeing that his supply lines were threatened, Melas decided to concentrate his army at Alessandria. He ordered Ott to abandon the siege of Genoa and Elsnitz to withdraw from the Var River. After an epic defense, Massena was finally forced to surrender Genoa after hundreds of French soldiers and

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On 24 April 1800, Melas demanded the surrender of Genoa which Massena refused. Melas assigned Ott and 24,000 soldiers to carry out the siege while accompanying Elsnitz and 30,000 troops to a pursuit of Suchet's corps along the coast. (Dodge credited 28,000 soldiers to Elsnitz.) On 30 April, Ott

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Gardanne's division held its forward position until 10:00 am when Victor pulled it back behind Fontanone Creek. Chambarlhac's division was soon deployed to hold Marengo and Lannes with Watrin's division formed on its right flank. Hadik's division hammered at Marengo and it was joined by Kaim's

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arrived at Stradella and Bonaparte assigned him a corps containing the divisions of Boudet and Monnier. Victor's corps comprised the divisions of Gardanne and Chambarlhac. Duhesme's corps included the divisions of Loison and Chabran. Turreau's division was approaching Turin with 5,100 men and

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Since O'Reilly's division defended the bridgehead, it was the first Austrian unit to attack the French in the Battle of Marengo. Because it was such a cramped position, the Austrian deployment was time-consuming. Behind O'Reilly were the divisions of Hadik, Kaim, and the grenadiers under FML

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from Briey's brigade capturing either 300 men and 14 guns from its 800 defenders, or 500 men and 15 guns from its 2,000 defenders. Bonaparte gloated in a letter to his brother Joseph, "We have fallen like a thunderbolt. The enemy did not expect us and still seem scarcely able to believe it."

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At night on 7 June at Milan, Bourrienne interrupted Bonaparte's tryst with an opera diva to tell him that Murat's cavalry intercepted a message that Genoa had fallen. Bonaparte immediately realized that Ott's corps had been freed for operations against the French and he began to issue new

2145:'s brigade-sized advance guard attacked Gardanne's outposts near Pietrabuona farm around 7:00 am. Soon, O'Reilly's division took position on Frimont's right. Victor ordered Gardanne to hold his advanced position so that the other French units had time to form their lines properly. 2180:

At 3:00 pm, Melas quit the battlefield and appointed Kaim to lead the pursuit. The elderly Austrian commander nursed an arm injury that occurred when a horse was killed under him. Time was wasted while Kaim reorganized the army into a ponderous column. Its vanguard consisted of GM

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On 2 June 1800, Murat's forces entered Milan and he assigned his infantry to blockade the citadel. Bonaparte soon arrived and ordered Duhesme to push Vukassovich's division farther to the east. On 3 June, Duhesme's corps lost 60 killed and 200 wounded at the crossing of the

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on 16 May, drove out its small Austrian garrison, and was joined by Chabran's division the following day. Each subsequent division crossed at daily intervals. After Lannes and Chabran, the order of march was Boudet, Loison, Chambarlhac, and Monnier.

1522:, and has there his magazines and material, if I cross the Alps at the Great St Bernard I shall cut his communications, and beat him at San Giuliano?" Bourrienne recalled this conversation three months later. San Giuliano is only 3 mi (4.8 km) east of 1270:. To trick enemy spies, some second-class units began arriving at Dijon, while the first-class units began massing elsewhere. The Austrian government was completely fooled by this ruse and did not realize that the Reserve Army represented a serious threat. 2165:. The French infantry managed to halt the Austrian assaults. Bonaparte sent a frantic message to Desaix, recalling him and Boudet's division. At noon, GM Giovanni Pilati's dragoon brigade attempted to turn the French left flank, but it was smashed by GB 2038:

entered the city the following day. While marching toward Piacenza on 6 June, O'Reilly found that Lannes crossed the river behind him. After a confused series of actions, O'Reilly saved the reserve artillery convoy, but had to withdraw to the west.

1434:. This breakthrough prompted Massena to mount a determined effort to reconnect with Suchet's forces. Massena left 8,000 troops in Genoa and tried to cut his way out, resulting in ten days of brutal fighting in the mountains. There were actions at 1138:

and began severing the supply lines between Melas' army and Austria. After a long siege, Massena finally surrendered Genoa in early June, but by that time Melas' forces were isolated in northwest Italy. Melas tried to break out of the trap in the

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cavalry and two infantry regiments from Elsnitz to Kaim's forces in the north. On 13 May, Melas left Nice; he took 9,000 troops with him and set out for Turin. From 22 to 27 May, Elsnitz would confront Suchet's defenses along the Var.

1882:. By doing so, Bonaparte planned to cut all of Melas' communications with Austria and place the Austrian army in a position where it could be destroyed. Melas had three routes that he could use to retreat. The northernmost ran from 1143:

on 14 June 1800 and nearly succeeded because Bonaparte spread his army too thin. However, late-arriving troops defeated the Austrians and Bonaparte compelled Melas to evacuate northwest Italy as the price of a negotiated truce.

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in which the assembled generals decided to ask for terms. At 4:00 am on 15 June, three Austrian officers appeared at the French outposts under a flag of truce. Bonaparte demanded an immediate surrender. Melas delegated

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on 4 November. By the end of 1799, the French hold on Italy had dwindled to almost what it was in March 1796 when Bonaparte assumed command of the army. The badly fed and supplied French army clung to Genoa and the

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Dragoons. The panic spread to Kaim's main body when fleeing Austrian cavalry stampeded through their ranks. Ott and O'Reilly managed to withdraw their troops in good order, but Marengo was abandoned to the French.

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instructions. Underestimating Austrian strength in the area, Bonaparte ordered Lannes to attack any force that he encountered because, "they are, certainly, fewer than 10,000 men." Meanwhile Ott's corps reached

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received the bad news about Fort Bard. Bonaparte was nearly captured by an Austrian patrol on 25 May. Later that day, he ordered an assault on Fort Bard which failed. The next day, the French sneaked two

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past the fort. Meanwhile, the Reserve Army's infantry and cavalry used steep foot paths to hike around the fort. Chabran's division was assigned to reduce Fort Bard which finally surrendered on 2 June.

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on 18 April. From 6 to 19 April, Austrian losses were 276 officers and 8,037 men, while the French lost around 7,000 casualties. The fighting resulted in Massena's troops being cooped up in Genoa. The

1298:, the Austrian armies in Germany and Italy had difficulty communicating with each other. Meanwhile, the French could use Switzerland to easily shift forces from one theater to the other. Along the 1978:

on 3 June, protecting the right flank of the Reserve Army. Chabran's division was moving from Fort Bard to Chivasso. A new division was formed from 4,000 late-arriving soldiers and assigned to GD

1846:'s Italian brigade from Lannes' vanguard and sent it east to connect with Moncey's forces. At this time, Lannes was joined by the six artillery pieces that got past Fort Bard. South of Ivrea, FML 1306:

led a 120,000-man French army, composed of the best troops available. Opposed to Moreau on the east bank of the Rhine was an Austrian army nearly as strong commanded by Paul Kray (now promoted to

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The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt, and the Coup d'Etat of Brumaire (1797-1799)

1917:. Murat led his cavalry corps and an additional infantry division to the same city by a different route. That day, Moncey finished crossing the Gotthard Pass with the three divisions of GD 1974:

with Loison's division and three cavalry regiments. At a cost of 300 casualties, Loison's men stormed Cremona and seized 200 wagon loads of supplies. Lannes moved from Chivasso to

1310:). In Italy, Michael von Melas commanded an army of 100,000 men, including 86,000 infantry and 14,000 cavalry. Massena's Army of Italy was divided into three corps under GD 750: 1247:

wished to abandon Genoa, but the Directory stubbornly refused to allow this. Championnet died of disease on 9 January 1800 and was eventually replaced by André Massena.

1518:, "Where shall we beat the Austrians?" When Bourrienne replied that he didn't know, Bonaparte responded by asserting, "Why you idiot, don't you see that as Melas is at 2118:

In fact, Melas and Zach determined to attack the French army at dawn on 14 June. The Austrians had spread much of their strength in large garrisons for Genoa (5,800),

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On 6 June 1800, Moncey's corps arrived at Milan. Gilly was assigned to blockade the Austrian garrison in Milan's citadel. Lorge's division was sent east beyond the

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where Lannes' men captured 350 Austrians and 2 cannons from Briey's brigade at the cost of 90 casualties. On 19 May, the French advance came to a sudden halt where

1565:'s division, a brigade led by GB Joseph Mainoni, and a cavalry brigade led by GB Jean Rivaud. The organization of the Reserve Army on 10 May 1800 was as follows. 743: 1873:

By 27 May, Melas assembled 18,000 troops at Turin. Melas finally realized that the Reserve Army was at Ivrea after receiving Hadik's report and hearing from a

1392: 377: 300: 1337:. This would cause Moreau to send reinforcements from his own army. With Moreau weakened, Kray would then push across the Rhine and invade France through the 2041: 3649: 1730:. Aside from Bonaparte's army and Moncey's corps, the French used three other passes in order to confuse the Austrians. Chabran's division utilized the 2083:

Bonaparte spread his army to a dangerous degree. On 10 June, Melas arrived at Alessandria with the troops that marched from Turin. Also on 10 June, GD

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By 17 May, Lannes had 12,300 infantry, 1,400 cavalry, and 14 artillery pieces under his command in the Aosta Valley. On 18 May there was a clash at

83: 1254:. The "weak and corrupt" French Directory was very unpopular. Bonaparte immediately entered into a conspiracy to overthrow the Directory. The 1203:

on 5 April 1799. At Magnano, the victorious Austrians reported 5,228 casualties but French losses were heavier. Leaving 12,000 men to defend

1950:. Laudon was soon joined by Vukassovich. As the Austrians retreated through Milan, Vukassovich detached 2,000 troops to defend the city's 1642: 2000: 217: 2088:

Suchet's corps was nearing Acqui only 18 mi (29 km) southwest of Alessandria. On 12 June, the French army began to cross the

370: 293: 1866:. Hadik reported to Melas that he had been attacked by 20,000 men. The French were out of the mountains and in the great plain of the 1722:. However, Moreau became reluctant to release Lecourbe's corps. On 13 May 1800, Moreau notified Bonaparte that he could only spare GD 1184:. This left Schérer with only 43,000 men in his field army, not counting various occupying forces. The Austrian army commanded by FML 1858:. After a well-fought action in which Austrian GM Joseph Palffy was killed, Hadik's men withdrew toward Turin and Lannes advanced to 2231: 2075:. Ott admitted losing 659 killed and 1,445 wounded, plus 2,171 men and 2 guns captured. French casualties may have reached 3,000. 233: 1415:

with 31,000 soldiers watched the mountain passes and northern Italy. Another 20,000 men garrisoned various strongpoints in Italy.

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On 4 April 1800, Melas mounted his offensive against the Army of Italy and Genoa. According to James R. Arnold, Melas ordered FML

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Piacenza. After concentrating his army at Alessandria, Melas planned to move east to Piacenza, then strike north. He ordered FML

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On 25 April 1800, Moreau finally began his operations against Kray's army. In early May, Moreau was victorious at the battles of

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Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Egyptian and Syrian Campaigns & the Wars of the Second and Third Coalitions, 1798-1805

2021:. By 7 June, Elsnitz's corps numbered only 8,000 men. Suchet claimed to have captured 7,000 Austrians, 30 guns, and 6 flags. 3679: 3603: 3581: 1419:

assigned different strengths to the attacking columns: 40,000 soldiers to Melas, 15,000 to Ott, and 10,000 to Hohenzollern.

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River, closing in on Alessandria from the east. That day, the long-awaited 41-gun artillery convoy arrived from Fort Bard.

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defended northern Italy. In March, the Directory ordered Schérer to detach a 6,400-man division to invade and plunder the

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By 6 April, the columns of Melas and Elsnitz successfully broke the connection between the corps of Soult and Suchet at

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About 6:00 am on 14 June 1800, the Austrian army began to slowly emerge from its bridgehead on the east bank of the

1829: 1761:(GM) Auguste-François Landres de Briey, 5,000 soldiers watching Mont Cenis Pass under Kaim, 1,000 men observing the 3664: 1938: 1384: 1106:. In early April, Melas launched a successful offensive that split the outnumbered Army of Italy and initiated the 1081: 204: 984: 803: 626: 481: 2066:. At the moment, Lannes' 7,000 men were grossly outnumbered by Ott's 18,000 Austrians. Melas' chief of staff GM 1854:

River with either 9,000 or 10,000 troops. On 26 May, Lannes attacked this position with 12,000 soldiers in the

1811: 967: 930: 679: 451: 411: 1538: 1341:. Caught between the two thrusts, Switzerland would easily fall to Austria, and then Melas would march up the 1707: 905: 581: 2142: 1979: 1723: 1006: 693: 556: 1322:(8,000 men). It fielded only 36,000 men for active duty, though 14,000 sick soldiers were in hospitals. 1282:

Map shows northern Italy in 1800, including Genoa, Turin, Milan, Nice, Marengo, and Great St Bernard Pass.

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with Massena's forces trapped within the city. In mid-May, Bonaparte led the Reserve Army across the

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late on 8 June. When Watrin's division of Lannes' vanguard found O'Reilly's division drawn up at

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leading a smaller corps. Ultimately, Moncey brought 11,500 soldiers into northern Italy via the

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held its position too long on 7 May at Montecalvo and was trapped, losing 1,500 prisoners. The

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While Genoa was under siege, Elsnitz's corps drove Suchet's weak forces to the west along the

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Map displays the 1800 Marengo campaign. The dashed line shows the movements of the French.

1262:, a position in which he held dictatorial power. On 25 January 1800, Bonaparte ordered GD 1161: 793: 8: 1891: 1711: 1319: 1255: 1092: 920: 865: 850: 824: 591: 551: 421: 1925:, and GB Jacques Laurent Gilly. On 29 May, Moncey occupied Bellinzona and Murat reached 1890:

on the north bank of the Po. The middle one was on the south bank of the Po through the

1422: 1207:, Schérer started a panicky retreat that did not stop until the French army reached the 1603: 1550: 1546: 1311: 1103: 1033: 952: 885: 870: 656: 601: 329: 181: 170: 1562: 3621: 3599: 3577: 3555: 3547: 3533: 2101: 1404: 1200: 1192: 1140: 1084: 1077: 1055: 1049: 947: 875: 798: 646: 621: 436: 416: 344: 199: 193: 188: 151: 146: 2005: 1523: 1431: 1361:'s 25,000-man corps from Germany via Switzerland to assist his Italian campaign. 1235: 1153: 1011: 910: 900: 895: 855: 840: 561: 506: 496: 1526:. After sending word to Massena to hold out until at least 4 June, Bonaparte left 1096: 2241: 2130: 1447: 1358: 1307: 1240: 935: 818: 2017:, Suchet got his troops there first, forcing the Austrians to fall back through 1941:

and 5,000 Austrians. On 31 May, Murat's cavalry and Monnier's division attacked

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would last from 19 April to 4 June 1800. The blockade was assisted by a British

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with 21,100 troops. While Melas' main army attacked Genoa with 62,000 men, FML

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River with his cavalry and the divisions of Boudet and Loison. Defending the

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on 10–11 April, Vetriera on 11 April, Colle di San Giacomo on 12 April, and

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Austrian soldiers waded across Fontanone Creek to attack Victor's lines.

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Berthier was the nominal Commander-in-chief of the Reserve Army and GD

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north of Genoa. West of Genoa, Melas with 27,500 men struck south from

1258:(9 November 1799) was successful and on 25 December, Bonaparte became 2158: 2059: 1867: 1851: 1794: 1702:'s painting accurately depicts Bonaparte crossing the Alps on a mule. 1490: 1185: 1123: 1119: 765: 1375: 1222:

on 27–28 April 1799. The string of major defeats continued with the

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pledged to help Austria capture Genoa and to assemble an army at

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On 9 October 1799, GD Napoleon Bonaparte returned to France from

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Sometime in March 1800, as Bonaparte looked over a large map of

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fortress capitulated to the Austrians on 15 May. Melas occupied

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River. On 4 June, Duhesme's troops attacked across the Adda at

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On 28 May 1800, Duhesme led his two-division corps east toward

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in southern Germany and northern Italy. Since the French held

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Fort Bard overlooks the road passing along the Aosta Valley.

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had withdrawn from the Second Coalition. The Austrians held

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counted 50,700 men, but a 24,551-strong Russian army under

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To oppose the French, Melas had 8,000 troops under FML

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Massena surrendering Genoa to Ott and his generals by

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Prince Friedrich Franz Xaver of Hohenzollern-Hechingen

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compelled to evacuate the fortresses of Alessandria,

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Melas is shown signing the Convention of Alessandria.

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overlooked the main road in a narrow valley. Though

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Marengo & Hohenlinden: Napoleon's Rise to Power

2341: 2329: 2317: 1122:, Bonaparte's forces broke into the plains of the 1099:and the invading French Reserve Army commanded by 2126:brigade on a fool's errand to intercept Suchet. 1569:List of French Reserve Army units on 10 May 1800 3636: 2221:After the battle, a badly shaken Melas called a 1954:, leaving himself with 6,000 men to defend the 385: 1837:On 23 or 24 May 1800, Lannes' vanguard seized 1753:observing the Gotthard Pass, 3,000 men in the 1329:planned for Melas to capture Genoa, cross the 2138:. Elsnitz's cavalry division was in reserve. 751: 371: 294: 3532:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. 1894:defile. The southernmost was from Genoa via 3598:. Vol. 5. Pickle Partners Publishing. 3650:Battles of the War of the Second Coalition 2062:early on 9 June, he attacked to start the 1353:that would be used to help Austria invade 758: 744: 378: 364: 301: 287: 35: 1266:to assemble a 60,000-man Reserve Army at 16:Battle of the War of the Second Coalition 3645:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars 3546: 3380: 3293: 3083: 2982: 2895: 2844: 2805: 2776: 2644: 2560: 2473: 2232:Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein 2208: 2171: 2147: 2105: 2040: 2023: 1999: 1904: 1828: 1780: 1694: 1468: 1421: 1374: 1277: 1134:, but Bonaparte's forces instead seized 1118:. After encountering a serious delay at 257: 224: 2244:, Ceva, Cuneo, Genoa, Milan, Piacenza, 1989: 1442:on 7 April, Bocchetta Pass on 9 April, 118:French victory, Austria loses territory 3637: 3590: 3527: 3500: 3488: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3392: 3368: 3356: 3341: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3281: 3233: 3206: 3194: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3143: 3131: 3095: 3052: 3025: 3013: 2970: 2943: 2919: 2907: 2832: 2820: 2728: 2716: 2680: 2668: 2608: 2572: 2521: 2509: 2497: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2410: 2398: 2383: 2371: 2359: 2287: 2275: 2263: 1214:Schérer was replaced in command by GD 3612: 3568: 3512: 3269: 3257: 3245: 3221: 3119: 3107: 3071: 3037: 3001: 2955: 2931: 2883: 2868: 2856: 2793: 2759: 2747: 2704: 2692: 2656: 2632: 2620: 2589: 2545: 2533: 2485: 2458: 2347: 2335: 2323: 2311: 2299: 1395:and 5,300 soldiers moved against the 1364: 739: 359: 282: 1738:Pass, and one demi-brigade used the 1545:. The army's Chief of Artillery was 1516:Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne 1130:, Melas blocked the direct route to 308: 1147: 13: 1818: 1505: 1218:but the French were beaten at the 1156:deployed two armies in Italy. The 14: 3691: 2248:, Savona, Tortona, and Turin. 2045:Battle of Montebello, 9 June 1800 1387:and 8,000 troops to advance from 2035:Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough 1939:Johann Ludwig Alexius von Loudon 1391:, northeast of Genoa, while FML 1199:on 26 March was followed by the 1195:was approaching. The indecisive 256: 249: 223: 216: 198: 187: 175: 164: 145: 133: 1919:Jean François Cornu de La Poype 1734:, Turreau's forces crossed the 1178:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 1076:(4 April – 15 June 1800) saw a 2167:François Étienne de Kellermann 931:Fall of the Republic of Venice 237:Location within Northern Italy 1: 3618:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book 3554:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan. 3521: 1718:, forcing Kray to retreat to 3680:Military history of Piedmont 3576:. Vol. 2. Leonaur Ltd. 2198: 2143:Johann Maria Philipp Frimont 1724:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 1087:fight against the defending 7: 2136:Ferdinand Johann von Morzin 1996:Battle of Montebello (1800) 1923:Jean Thomas Guillaume Lorge 1848:Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak 1385:Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz 1273: 389:War of the Second Coalition 29:War of the Second Coalition 10: 3696: 2202: 2099: 2095: 1993: 1822: 1553:who commanded 48 guns. GD 1368: 1126:toward the end of May. At 240:Show map of Northern Italy 3660:Battles involving Austria 3552:The Campaigns of Napoleon 3528:Arnold, James R. (2005). 2205:Convention of Alessandria 1856:Battle of Chiusella River 1850:defended the line of the 1825:Battle of Chiusella River 1747:Josef Philipp Vukassovich 1676: 1662: 1623: 1595: 1584: 1514:, he asked his secretary 784: 776:French Revolutionary Wars 397: 320: 265:Marengo campaign (Europe) 210: 157: 126: 48: 41:The Battle of Marengo by 34: 26: 21: 3655:Battles involving France 2251: 2228:Adam Albert von Neipperg 2183:Franz Xaver Saint-Julien 2163:Christoph von Lattermann 1413:Konrad Valentin von Kaim 1347:Kingdom of Great Britain 1304:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 1264:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 1245:Jean-Étienne Championnet 1243:. The army commander GD 1216:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 3665:Battles involving Italy 3570:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault 2054:on 7 June and occupied 1980:Gaspard Amédée Gardanne 56:4 April to 15 June 1800 2214: 2177: 2153: 2111: 2046: 2029: 2009: 1948:Boffalora sopra Ticino 1910: 1842:Bonaparte now took GB 1834: 1786: 1732:Little St Bernard Pass 1703: 1474: 1427: 1417:Theodore Ayrault Dodge 1380: 1283: 1234:on 15 August, and the 1182:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 1082:General der Kavallerie 680:Mediterranean Campaign 158:Commanders and leaders 43:Louis-François Lejeune 3620:. London: Greenhill. 3592:Phipps, Ramsay Weston 2212: 2203:Further information: 2175: 2151: 2109: 2100:Further information: 2044: 2027: 2003: 1994:Further information: 1908: 1878:his army east toward 1832: 1823:Further information: 1784: 1698: 1472: 1425: 1378: 1371:Siege of Genoa (1800) 1369:Further information: 1318:(15,607 men), and GD 1281: 1172:with 32,010 men. The 1112:Great St Bernard Pass 2064:Battle of Montebello 1990:Genoa and Montebello 1632:Jean-Charles Monnier 1626:Claude Perrin Victor 1316:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 1089:French Army of Italy 234:class=notpageimage| 99:44.88556°N 8.67750°E 3503:, pp. 188–189. 3467:, pp. 175–183. 3455:, pp. 171–173. 3431:, pp. 165–170. 3419:, pp. 152–163. 3284:, pp. 128–129. 3236:, pp. 125–126. 3209:, pp. 122–124. 3185:, pp. 117–121. 3122:, pp. 191–192. 3098:, pp. 109–110. 3028:, pp. 106–107. 3016:, pp. 104–105. 2985:, pp. 281–282. 2659:, pp. 169–170. 2623:, pp. 178–180. 2548:, pp. 160–161. 2524:, pp. 197–198. 2461:, pp. 158–159. 2425:, pp. 457–462. 2374:, pp. 345–346. 2314:, pp. 159–160. 2302:, pp. 152–153. 2290:, pp. 257–258. 2278:, pp. 254–255. 2266:, pp. 250–251. 2176:François Kellermann 1909:Joachim Murat, 1801 1643:Jacques Chambarlhac 1570: 1489:on 3 May. Suchet's 1333:, and lay siege to 1320:Louis Marie Turreau 1256:Coup of 18 Brumaire 1228:surrender of Mantua 1226:on 17–20 June, the 1152:In early 1799, the 1093:General of Division 825:Montenotte Campaign 95: / 3548:Chandler, David G. 2215: 2178: 2154: 2112: 2047: 2030: 2010: 1911: 1835: 1787: 1704: 1604:Louis Henri Loison 1568: 1551:Auguste de Marmont 1547:General of Brigade 1475: 1464:Admiral Lord Keith 1428: 1381: 1365:Austrian offensive 1312:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 1284: 1104:Napoleon Bonaparte 268:Show map of Europe 171:Napoleon Bonaparte 76:regions in modern 3670:Conflicts in 1800 3605:978-1-908692-28-3 3583:978-0-85706-600-8 2922:, pp. 95–99. 2910:, pp. 93–95. 2671:, pp. 70–73. 2575:, pp. 68–69. 2449:, pp. 35–36. 2437:, pp. 23–24. 2157:division and the 2102:Battle of Marengo 1693: 1692: 1598:Guillaume Duhesme 1407:thrust east from 1405:Anton von Elsnitz 1379:Michael von Melas 1314:(19,790 men), GD 1224:Battle of Trebbia 1220:Battle of Cassano 1201:Battle of Magnano 1193:Alexander Suvorov 1162:Étienne Macdonald 1141:Battle of Marengo 1085:Michael von Melas 1078:Habsburg Austrian 1069: 1068: 769:Italian Campaigns 733: 732: 694:Italian and Swiss 687:Egyptian Campaign 353: 352: 277: 276: 194:Michael von Melas 152:Habsburg monarchy 140:Republican France 122: 121: 104:44.88556; 8.67750 3687: 3631: 3609: 3587: 3565: 3543: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3056: 3050: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2780: 2774: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2593: 2587: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2071:men to garrison 2006:Felician Myrbach 1571: 1567: 1432:Cairo Montenotte 1236:Battle of Genola 1230:on 28 July, the 1197:Battle of Verona 1154:French Directory 1148:Background: 1799 1074:Marengo campaign 1023:Marengo campaign 779: 777: 770: 760: 753: 746: 737: 736: 724:Marengo Campaign 708:Italian Campaign 507:Vlieter incident 392: 390: 380: 373: 366: 357: 356: 315: 313: 312:Marengo campaign 303: 296: 289: 280: 279: 269: 260: 259: 253: 241: 227: 226: 220: 203: 202: 192: 191: 180: 179: 169: 168: 150: 149: 138: 137: 110: 109: 107: 106: 105: 100: 96: 93: 92: 91: 88: 50: 49: 39: 22:Marengo campaign 19: 18: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3684: 3635: 3634: 3628: 3606: 3584: 3562: 3540: 3524: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3355: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3169: 3165: 3157: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3118: 3114: 3106: 3102: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3070: 3059: 3051: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2882: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2792: 2783: 2775: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2746: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2596: 2588: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2429: 2421: 2417: 2409: 2405: 2397: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2286: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2207: 2201: 2131:Bormida (river) 2104: 2098: 1998: 1992: 1827: 1821: 1819:French breakout 1769:, 3,000 men in 1563:François Watrin 1508: 1506:French invasion 1462:squadron under 1448:Monte Settepani 1373: 1367: 1359:Claude Lecourbe 1308:Feldzeugmeister 1276: 1241:Italian Riviera 1150: 1070: 1065: 936:Veronese Easter 814:Monte Settepani 780: 775: 772: 768: 766: 764: 734: 729: 675: 393: 388: 386: 384: 354: 349: 335:Chiusella River 316: 311: 309: 307: 273: 272: 271: 270: 267: 266: 263: 262: 261: 244: 243: 242: 239: 238: 236: 230: 229: 228: 197: 196: 186: 174: 173: 163: 144: 132: 103: 101: 97: 94: 89: 86: 84: 82: 81: 80: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3693: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3633: 3632: 3626: 3610: 3604: 3588: 3582: 3566: 3560: 3544: 3538: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3515:, p. 213. 3505: 3493: 3491:, p. 191. 3481: 3479:, p. 190. 3469: 3457: 3445: 3443:, p. 160. 3433: 3421: 3409: 3407:, p. 156. 3397: 3395:, p. 150. 3385: 3383:, p. 290. 3373: 3371:, p. 151. 3361: 3359:, p. 146. 3346: 3344:, p. 143. 3334: 3332:, p. 148. 3322: 3320:, p. 132. 3310: 3308:, p. 131. 3298: 3296:, p. 288. 3286: 3274: 3272:, p. 198. 3262: 3260:, p. 196. 3250: 3248:, p. 193. 3238: 3226: 3224:, p. 195. 3211: 3199: 3197:, p. 112. 3187: 3175: 3173:, p. 116. 3163: 3161:, p. 115. 3148: 3146:, p. 114. 3136: 3124: 3112: 3110:, p. 190. 3100: 3088: 3086:, p. 283. 3076: 3074:, p. 191. 3057: 3055:, p. 106. 3042: 3040:, p. 184. 3030: 3018: 3006: 3004:, p. 188. 2987: 2975: 2973:, p. 104. 2960: 2958:, p. 183. 2948: 2936: 2934:, p. 179. 2924: 2912: 2900: 2898:, p. 279. 2888: 2886:, p. 174. 2873: 2871:, p. 180. 2861: 2859:, p. 173. 2849: 2847:, p. 276. 2837: 2835:, p. 111. 2825: 2810: 2808:, p. 278. 2798: 2796:, p. 172. 2781: 2779:, p. 277. 2764: 2762:, p. 162. 2752: 2750:, p. 184. 2733: 2731:, p. 100. 2721: 2709: 2707:, p. 170. 2697: 2695:, p. 182. 2685: 2673: 2661: 2649: 2647:, p. 271. 2637: 2635:, p. 185. 2625: 2613: 2594: 2592:, p. 169. 2577: 2565: 2563:, p. 275. 2550: 2538: 2536:, p. 163. 2526: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2488:, p. 177. 2478: 2476:, p. 270. 2463: 2451: 2439: 2427: 2415: 2413:, p. 444. 2403: 2401:, p. 448. 2388: 2386:, p. 465. 2376: 2364: 2362:, p. 341. 2352: 2350:, p. 172. 2340: 2338:, p. 163. 2328: 2326:, p. 161. 2316: 2304: 2292: 2280: 2268: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2223:council of war 2200: 2197: 2161:brigade of GM 2097: 2094: 2068:Anton von Zach 1991: 1988: 1844:Giuseppe Lechi 1820: 1817: 1763:Stura di Lanzo 1700:Paul Delaroche 1691: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1654:Joseph Chabran 1649: 1648: 1645: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1628: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1600: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588:GD Jean Lannes 1586: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1543:Chief of staff 1507: 1504: 1485:coast, taking 1456:Siege of Genoa 1426:Peter Karl Ott 1397:Bocchetta Pass 1366: 1363: 1288:Russian Empire 1275: 1272: 1232:Battle of Novi 1158:Army of Naples 1149: 1146: 1108:Siege of Genoa 1067: 1066: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 992: 987: 982: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 939: 938: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 785: 782: 781: 763: 762: 755: 748: 740: 731: 730: 728: 727: 720: 717:Dutch Campaign 713: 712: 711: 704: 701:Swiss Campaign 690: 683: 674: 673: 668: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 398: 395: 394: 383: 382: 375: 368: 360: 351: 350: 348: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 321: 318: 317: 306: 305: 298: 291: 283: 275: 274: 264: 255: 254: 248: 247: 246: 245: 232: 231: 222: 221: 215: 214: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 205:Peter Karl Ott 184: 160: 159: 155: 154: 142: 129: 128: 124: 123: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 64: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 32: 31: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3692: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3675:1800 in Italy 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3629: 3627:1-85367-276-9 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3561:0-02-523660-1 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3539:1-84415-279-0 3535: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3514: 3509: 3502: 3497: 3490: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3430: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3401: 3394: 3389: 3382: 3381:Chandler 1966 3377: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3351: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3295: 3294:Chandler 1966 3290: 3283: 3278: 3271: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3230: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3179: 3172: 3167: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3140: 3134:, p. 75. 3133: 3128: 3121: 3116: 3109: 3104: 3097: 3092: 3085: 3084:Chandler 1966 3080: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3054: 3049: 3047: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2983:Chandler 1966 2979: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2957: 2952: 2946:, p. 98. 2945: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2921: 2916: 2909: 2904: 2897: 2896:Chandler 1966 2892: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2845:Chandler 1966 2841: 2834: 2829: 2823:, p. 90. 2822: 2817: 2815: 2807: 2806:Chandler 1966 2802: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2778: 2777:Chandler 1966 2773: 2771: 2769: 2761: 2756: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2730: 2725: 2719:, p. 74. 2718: 2713: 2706: 2701: 2694: 2689: 2683:, p. 73. 2682: 2677: 2670: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2646: 2645:Chandler 1966 2641: 2634: 2629: 2622: 2617: 2611:, p. 70. 2610: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2591: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2574: 2569: 2562: 2561:Chandler 1966 2557: 2555: 2547: 2542: 2535: 2530: 2523: 2518: 2512:, p. 54. 2511: 2506: 2500:, p. 57. 2499: 2494: 2487: 2482: 2475: 2474:Chandler 1966 2470: 2468: 2460: 2455: 2448: 2443: 2436: 2431: 2424: 2419: 2412: 2407: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2385: 2380: 2373: 2368: 2361: 2356: 2349: 2344: 2337: 2332: 2325: 2320: 2313: 2308: 2301: 2296: 2289: 2284: 2277: 2272: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2249: 2247: 2246:Pizzighettone 2243: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2211: 2206: 2196: 2193: 2192:Liechtenstein 2188: 2187:Liechtenstein 2184: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2110:Claude Victor 2108: 2103: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2026: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1831: 1826: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728:Gotthard Pass 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1665:Joachim Murat 1661: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539:Pierre Dupont 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1483:Mediterranean 1479: 1473:André Massena 1471: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446:on 10 April, 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436:Cadibona Pass 1433: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1377: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1327:Aulic Council 1325:The Austrian 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1286:By 1800, the 1280: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1190:Field Marshal 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174:Army of Italy 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1145: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1114:and into the 1113: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1097:André Massena 1094: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1062: 1061:Porto Ferrajo 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 997: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 980: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 937: 934: 933: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 826: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 786: 783: 778: 771: 761: 756: 754: 749: 747: 742: 741: 738: 726: 725: 721: 719: 718: 714: 710: 709: 705: 703: 702: 698: 697: 696: 695: 691: 689: 688: 684: 682: 681: 677: 676: 672: 671:Porto Ferrajo 669: 666: 662: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 527:Gotthard Pass 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 399: 396: 391: 381: 376: 374: 369: 367: 362: 361: 358: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 322: 319: 314: 304: 299: 297: 292: 290: 285: 284: 281: 252: 235: 219: 209: 206: 201: 195: 190: 185: 183: 182:André Masséna 178: 172: 167: 162: 161: 156: 153: 148: 143: 141: 136: 131: 130: 125: 117: 114: 113: 108: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 60: 59: 55: 52: 51: 47: 44: 38: 33: 30: 25: 20: 3617: 3614:Smith, Digby 3595: 3573: 3551: 3529: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3448: 3436: 3424: 3412: 3400: 3388: 3376: 3364: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3202: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3103: 3091: 3079: 3033: 3021: 3009: 2978: 2951: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2891: 2864: 2852: 2840: 2828: 2801: 2755: 2724: 2712: 2700: 2688: 2676: 2664: 2652: 2640: 2628: 2616: 2568: 2541: 2529: 2517: 2505: 2493: 2481: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2406: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2343: 2331: 2319: 2307: 2295: 2283: 2271: 2259: 2220: 2216: 2191: 2186: 2179: 2155: 2128: 2117: 2113: 2085:Louis Desaix 2077: 2048: 2031: 2015:Col de Tende 2011: 1960: 1935:Ticino River 1912: 1872: 1836: 1788: 1759:Generalmajor 1755:Aosta Valley 1744: 1740:Simplon Pass 1705: 1687: 1682: 1678:Reserve Army 1677: 1561:included GD 1536: 1530:and reached 1509: 1480: 1476: 1438:on 6 April, 1429: 1382: 1345:valley. The 1324: 1285: 1260:First Consul 1249: 1213: 1151: 1116:Aosta Valley 1101:First Consul 1080:army led by 1073: 1071: 1048: 1022: 1021: 994: 977: 823: 723: 722: 715: 706: 699: 692: 685: 678: 587:2nd Stockach 427:1st Stockach 310: 127:Belligerents 27:Part of the 3501:Arnold 2005 3489:Arnold 2005 3477:Arnold 2005 3465:Arnold 2005 3453:Arnold 2005 3441:Arnold 2005 3429:Arnold 2005 3417:Arnold 2005 3405:Arnold 2005 3393:Arnold 2005 3369:Arnold 2005 3357:Arnold 2005 3342:Arnold 2005 3330:Arnold 2005 3318:Arnold 2005 3306:Arnold 2005 3282:Arnold 2005 3234:Arnold 2005 3207:Arnold 2005 3195:Arnold 2005 3183:Arnold 2005 3171:Arnold 2005 3159:Arnold 2005 3144:Arnold 2005 3132:Arnold 2005 3096:Arnold 2005 3053:Arnold 2005 3026:Arnold 2005 3014:Arnold 2005 2971:Arnold 2005 2944:Arnold 2005 2920:Arnold 2005 2908:Arnold 2005 2833:Arnold 2005 2821:Arnold 2005 2729:Arnold 2005 2717:Arnold 2005 2681:Arnold 2005 2669:Arnold 2005 2609:Arnold 2005 2573:Arnold 2005 2522:Arnold 2005 2510:Arnold 2005 2498:Arnold 2005 2447:Arnold 2005 2435:Arnold 2005 2423:Phipps 2011 2411:Phipps 2011 2399:Phipps 2011 2384:Phipps 2011 2372:Phipps 2011 2360:Phipps 2011 2288:Phipps 2011 2276:Phipps 2011 2264:Phipps 2011 2028:Jean Lannes 1683:Grand Total 1615:Jean Boudet 1555:Jean Lannes 1534:on 8 May. 1520:Alessandria 1440:Monte Fasce 1401:Acqui Terme 1339:Belfort Gap 1296:Switzerland 985:2nd Marengo 968:1st Marengo 881:2nd Bassano 876:1st Bassano 861:Castiglione 804:2nd Saorgio 789:1st Saorgio 642:Hohenlinden 622:3rd Marengo 612:Iller River 537:Linth River 502:Callantsoog 482:2nd Marengo 452:1st Marengo 102: / 3639:Categories 3522:References 3513:Dodge 2011 3270:Dodge 2011 3258:Dodge 2011 3246:Dodge 2011 3222:Dodge 2011 3120:Dodge 2011 3108:Dodge 2011 3072:Dodge 2011 3038:Dodge 2011 3002:Dodge 2011 2956:Smith 1998 2932:Dodge 2011 2884:Dodge 2011 2869:Dodge 2011 2857:Dodge 2011 2794:Dodge 2011 2760:Dodge 2011 2748:Smith 1998 2705:Dodge 2011 2693:Smith 1998 2657:Dodge 2011 2633:Smith 1998 2621:Smith 1998 2590:Dodge 2011 2546:Dodge 2011 2534:Dodge 2011 2486:Smith 1998 2459:Dodge 2011 2348:Smith 1998 2336:Smith 1998 2324:Smith 1998 2312:Smith 1998 2300:Smith 1998 1956:Adda River 1810:, and two 1808:4-pounders 1804:8-pounders 1751:Bellinzona 1736:Mont Cenis 1577:Divisions 1460:Royal Navy 1302:River, GD 1209:Adda River 1160:led by GD 1044:Montebello 990:2nd Mantua 963:Bassignana 906:1st Mantua 652:Copenhagen 617:Montebello 582:Hohentwiel 542:Muottental 532:2nd Zurich 512:Krabbendam 467:1st Zurich 462:Winterthur 457:Frauenfeld 447:Bassignana 340:Montebello 3594:(2011) . 2199:Aftermath 2159:grenadier 2060:Casteggio 1892:Stradella 1868:Po Valley 1852:Chiusella 1812:howitzers 1795:Fort Bard 1791:Châtillon 1712:Messkirch 1585:Vanguard 1580:Strength 1491:rearguard 1331:Var River 1186:Paul Kray 1176:under GD 1164:occupied 1124:Po Valley 1120:Fort Bard 1039:Chiusella 1034:Fort Bard 916:Valvasone 866:Peschiera 851:Borghetto 657:Algeciras 627:Höchstädt 607:Chiusella 602:Fort Bard 592:Messkirch 552:Castricum 422:Feldkirch 407:Nicopolis 330:Fort Bard 90:8°40′39″E 87:44°53′8″N 3616:(1998). 3572:(2011). 3550:(1966). 1984:Piacenza 1915:Vercelli 1886:through 1864:Po River 1860:Chivasso 1716:Biberach 1708:Stockach 1559:vanguard 1541:was its 1512:Piedmont 1444:Sassello 1403:and FML 1355:Provence 1274:Strategy 1017:3rd Novi 1007:2nd Novi 891:Caldiero 886:Calliano 871:Rovereto 831:2nd Dego 809:1st Dego 597:Biberach 572:Wiesloch 567:3rd Novi 557:2nd Novi 517:Mannheim 70:Piedmont 61:Location 2140:Colonel 2096:Marengo 2090:Scrivia 2073:Tortona 2056:Voghera 1972:Cremona 1952:citadel 1943:Turbigo 1937:was GM 1929:on the 1884:Valenza 1875:dragoon 1862:on the 1799:Captain 1767:Tuscany 1669:Cavalry 1524:Marengo 1487:Albenga 1351:Minorca 1056:Pozzolo 1050:Marengo 979:Trebbia 958:Cassano 953:Brescia 948:Magnano 799:Epierre 794:Méribel 773:of the 637:Ampfing 632:Neuburg 547:Alkmaar 477:Trebbia 442:Cassano 437:Magnano 417:Ostrach 402:Butrint 345:Marengo 66:Liguria 3624: 3602: 3580: 3558: 3536: 2237:Mincio 2124:hussar 1964:Lambro 1931:Agogna 1927:Novara 1896:Bobbio 1806:, two 1771:Istria 1757:under 1714:, and 1688:42,000 1672:4,000 1658:5,000 1647:6,000 1636:4,000 1619:8,000 1608:7,000 1591:8,000 1574:Corps 1532:Geneva 1495:Savona 1452:Voltri 1389:Bobbio 1335:Toulon 1292:Swabia 1205:Mantua 1170:Naples 1091:under 1012:Genola 973:Modena 943:Verona 926:Tarvis 911:Faenza 901:Rivoli 896:Arcole 856:Lonato 841:Fombio 647:Mincio 562:Genola 522:Bergen 497:Amsteg 487:Mantua 472:Modena 432:Verona 115:Result 2252:Notes 2242:Arona 2120:Cuneo 2080:Oglio 2019:Ormea 1976:Pavia 1921:, GD 1900:Parma 1888:Pavia 1880:Milan 1839:Ivrea 1775:Aosta 1549:(GB) 1528:Paris 1343:Rhône 1300:Rhine 1268:Dijon 1252:Egypt 1136:Milan 1132:Genoa 1128:Turin 1095:(GD) 1029:Genoa 921:Tyrol 819:Loano 577:Genoa 412:Corfu 325:Genoa 78:Italy 74:Aosta 3622:ISBN 3600:ISBN 3578:ISBN 3556:ISBN 3534:ISBN 2235:the 2230:and 2052:Novi 1968:Lodi 1898:and 1499:Nice 1466:. 1409:Ceva 1168:and 1166:Rome 1072:The 1002:Gavi 996:Novi 846:Lodi 836:Ceva 492:Novi 72:and 53:Date 1958:. 1902:. 1870:. 1749:at 1742:. 1720:Ulm 1663:GD 1652:GD 1641:GD 1630:GD 1624:GD 1613:GD 1602:GD 1596:GD 1211:. 665:2nd 661:1st 3641:: 3349:^ 3214:^ 3151:^ 3060:^ 3045:^ 2990:^ 2963:^ 2876:^ 2813:^ 2784:^ 2767:^ 2736:^ 2597:^ 2580:^ 2553:^ 2466:^ 2391:^ 1986:. 1710:, 1557:' 663:• 68:, 3630:. 3608:. 3586:. 3564:. 3542:. 2008:. 759:e 752:t 745:v 667:) 659:( 379:e 372:t 365:v 302:e 295:t 288:v

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Index