308:. According to one historian, "Comus was aggressively English in its celebration of what New Orleans had always considered a French festival. It is hard to think of a clearer assertion than this parade that the lead in the holiday had passed from French-speakers to Anglo-Americans. ... To a certain extent, Americans 'Americanized' New Orleans and its Creoles. To a certain extent, New Orleans 'creolized' the Americans. Thus the wonder of Anglo-Americans boasting of how their business prowess helped them construct a more elaborate version than was traditional. The lead in organized Carnival passed from Creole to American just as political and economic power did over the course of the nineteenth century. The spectacle of Creole-American Carnival, with Americans using Carnival forms to compete with Creoles in the ballrooms and on the streets, represents the creation of a New Orleans culture neither entirely Creole nor entirely American."
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handful of aluminum discs. Upon entering the office, he threw the doubloons into the captain's face to prove that they would be safe to throw from the floats. Standard krewe doubloons usually portray the Krewe's emblem, name, and founding date on one side, and the theme and year of the parade and ball on the other side. Royalty and members of the court may throw specialty doubloons, such as the special Riding
Lieutenant doubloons given out by men on horseback in the Rex parade. In the last decade, krewes have minted doubloons specific to each float. Krewes also mint special doubloons of cloisonné or pure silver for its members. They never throw these from the floats. Original Rex doubloons are valuable, but it is nearly impossible for aficionados to find a certified original doubloon. The School of Design did not begin dating their doubloons until a few years after their introduction.
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coconuts, they threw walnuts that were painted gold. This is where the name "Golden Nugget" originally came from. It is thought that Zulu switched from walnuts to coconuts in the early 1920s when a local painter, Lloyd Lucus, started to paint coconuts. Most of the coconuts have two decorations. The first is painted gold with added glitter, and the second is painted like the famous black Zulu faces. In 1988, the city forbade Zulu from throwing coconuts due to the risk of injury; they are now handed to onlookers rather than thrown. In the year 2000, a local electronics engineer, Willie Clark, introduced an upgraded version of the classic, naming them Mardi Gras
Coconuts. These new coconuts were first used by the club in 2002, giving the souvenirs to royalty and city notables.
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themselves to invent and appear in grotesque, quizzical, diabolic, horrible, strange masks, and disguises. Human bodies are seen with heads of beasts and birds, beasts and birds with human heads; demi-beasts, demi-fishes, snakes' heads and bodies with arms of apes; man-bats from the moon; mermaids; satyrs, beggars, monks, and robbers parade and march on foot, on horseback, in wagons, carts, coaches, cars, &c., in rich confusion, up and down the streets, wildly shouting, singing, laughing, drumming, fiddling, fifeing, and all throwing flour broadcast as they wend their reckless way.
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the law was passed, the city demanded that these krewes provide them with membership lists, contrary to the long-standing traditions of secrecy and the distinctly private nature of these groups. In protest—and because the city claimed the parade gave it jurisdiction to demand otherwise-private membership lists—the 19th-century krewes Comus and Momus stopped parading. Proteus did parade in the 1992 Carnival season but also suspended its parade for a time, returning to the parade schedule in 2000.
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659:. The colors were first specified in proclamations by the Rex organization during the lead-up to their inaugural parade in 1872, suggesting that balconies be draped in banners of these colors. It is unknown why these specific colors were chosen; some accounts suggest that they were initially selected solely on their aesthetic appeal, as opposed to any true symbolism. Each color also has meaningful representation: purple for justice, green for faith, and gold for power.
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1132:. Today, the flambeaux are a connection to the New Orleans version of Carnival and a valued contribution. Many people view flambeau-carrying as a kind of performance art – a valid assessment given the wild gyrations and flourishes displayed by experienced flambeau carriers in a parade. Many individuals are descended from a long line of carriers. Parades that commonly feature flambeaux include Babylon, Bacchus, Chaos,
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society Krewes do not stage parades. As Fat
Tuesday gets nearer, the parades start in earnest. Usually there is one major parade each day (weather permitting); many days have several large parades. The largest and most elaborate parades take place the last five days of the Mardi Gras season. In the final week, many events occur throughout New Orleans and surrounding communities, including
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address safety issues with these floats (including outright bans, or requiring the gaps to be filled in using a barrier). Following the second death during the
Endymion parade on February 22, 2020 (which caused the parade to be halted and cancelled), city officials announced that tandem floats would be banned effective immediately, with vehicles restricted to one, single float only.
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Krewe du Vieux and two
Westbank parades going through Algiers, all New Orleans parades were restricted to the Saint Charles Avenue Uptown to Canal Street route, a section of the city which escaped significant flooding. Some krewes unsuccessfully pushed to parade on their traditional Mid-City route, despite the severe flood damage suffered by that neighborhood.
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603:, 2022, Mayor Cantrell stated during a kickoff event that "without a doubt, we will have Mardi Gras in 2022", citing high COVID-19 vaccination rates, and customarily asked residents to "do everything that we know is necessary to keep our people safe." The Krewe de Jeanne D'Arc ceremonially led their parade with a group of marchers in
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and 21, not married and in high school or college) and the king (an older male member of the club) present themselves and their court of maids (young women aged 16 to 21), and different divisions of younger children with small roles in the ball and parade, such as a theme-beformal neighborhood
Carnival club ball at local bar room.
708:. The Twelfth Night Revelers, New Orleans' second-oldest Krewe, have staged a parade and masked ball on this date since 1870. A number of other groups such as the Phunny Phorty Phellows, La Société Pas Si Secrète Des Champs-Élysées and the Krewe de Jeanne D'Arc have more recently begun to stage events on Epiphany as well.
592:, was restricted by checkpoints to those accessing businesses and homes within the areas. Mayor Cantrell stated that she would "rather be accused of doing too much than doing too little." The move caught some establishments off-guard, as they had been preparing for and anticipating business on Mardi Gras.
683:, which states that metals (gold or silver) can only be placed on or next to other colors, and that colors cannot be placed on or next to other colors. The traditional colors are commonly addressed as purple, green, and gold, in that order—even though this order technically violates the rule of tincture.
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decried the "degree of immodesty exhibited by nearly all female masqueraders seen on the streets." Risqué costumes, including body painting, are fairly common. The practice of exposing female breasts in exchange for Mardi Gras beads, however, was mostly limited to tourists in the upper
Bourbon Street
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Most of the locals who worked on the floats and rode on them were significantly affected by the storm's aftermath. Many had lost most or all of their possessions, but enthusiasm for
Carnival was even more intense as an affirmation of life. The themes of many costumes and floats had more barbed satire
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In 1991, the New
Orleans City Council passed an ordinance that required social organizations, including Mardi Gras Krewes, to certify publicly that they did not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, gender or sexual orientation, to obtain parade permits and other public licenses. Shortly after
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Being a member of the court requires much preparation, usually months ahead. Women and girls must have dress fittings as early as the May before the parade, as the season of social balls allows little time between each parade. These balls are generally by invitation only. Balls are held at a variety
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On
November 17, 2020, Mayor Cantrell's communications director Beau Tidwell announced that the city would prohibit parades during Carnival season in 2021. Tidwell once again stressed that Mardi Gras was not "cancelled", but that it would have to be conducted safely, and that allowing parades was not
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The city government, essentially bankrupt after Hurricane Katrina, pushed for a scaled back celebration to limit strains on city services. However, many krewes insisted that they wanted to and would be ready to parade, so negotiations between krewe leaders and city officials resulted in a compromise
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The two main Mardi Gras parades, Zulu and Rex, are both social club parades. Zulu is a mostly African-American club and Rex is mostly Caucasian. Social clubs host Mardi Gras balls, starting in late January. At these social balls, the queen of the parade (usually a young woman between the ages of 18
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The city restricted how long parades could be on the street and how late at night they could end. National Guard troops assisted with crowd control for the first time since 1979. Louisiana State troopers also assisted, as they have many times in the past. Many floats had been partially submerged in
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Several organizations brought suit against the city, challenging the law as unconstitutional. Two federal courts later declared that the ordinance was an unconstitutional infringement on First Amendment rights of free association, and an unwarranted intrusion on the privacy of the groups subject to
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and other African American New Orleanians, led by a mutual aid group known as "The Tramps", adorned William Storey with a tin can crown and banana stalk scepter and named him King Zulu. This display was meant as a mockery of Rex's overstated pageantry but in time, Zulu became a grand parade in its
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In New Orleans, the Zulu parade rolls first, starting at 8 am on the corner of Jackson and Claiborne and ending at Broad and Orleans, Rex follows Zulu as it turns onto St. Charles following the traditional Uptown route from Napoleon to St. Charles and then to Canal St. Truck parades follow Rex and
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and begins on 12th Night, January 6th, and extends until midnight before Ash Wednesday. Club, or Krewe, balls start soon after, though most are extremely private, with their Kings and Queens coming from wealthy old families and their courts consisting of the season's debutantes. Most of the high
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by Megan Boudreaux. She later established a formal "Krewe of House Floats", with participants being listed in an interactive map on its website so local residents can tour them. The revised celebration was nicknamed "Yardi Gras" by residents. Even the dog parade, held by the Mystic Krewe of Mardi
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In 2021 due to the cancellation of parades due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the practice of decorating homes in the style of parade floats emerged as an alternative, dubbed "home floats" or "house floats". The concept was popularized immediately after the announcement that in-person parades would be
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are large coins, either wood or metal, made in Mardi Gras colors. Artist H. Alvin Sharpe created the modern doubloon for The School of Design (the actual name of the Rex organization). According to the krewe history, in January 1959 Sharpe arrived at the offices of the captain of the krewe with a
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In 2020, two parade attendees—one during the Nyx parade, and one during the Endymion parade, were killed after being struck and run over in between interconnected "tandem floats" towed by a single vehicle. Following the incident during the Nyx parade, there were calls for New Orleans officials to
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on its traditional route through Marigny and the French Quarter on February 11, the Saturday two weekends before Mardi Gras. There were several parades on Saturday, February 18, and Sunday the 19th a week before Mardi Gras. Parades followed daily from Thursday night through Mardi Gras. Other than
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are seldom publicly worn by non-Krewe members on the days before Fat Tuesday (other than at parties), but are frequently worn on Mardi Gras. Laws against concealing one's identity with a mask are suspended for the day. Banks are closed, and some businesses and other places with security concerns
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the threat. Amid continued spread of COVID-19 across the country, in early-November 2020 Cantrell stated that celebrations in 2021 would have to be "something different", as Mardi Gras could not be canceled outright since it is a religious observance. A sub-committee of the Mardi Gras Advisory
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Shrove Tuesday is a day to be remembered by strangers in New Orleans, for that is the day for fun, frolic, and comic masquerading. All of the mischief of the city is alive and wide awake in active operation. Men and boys, women and girls, bond and free, white and black, yellow and brown, exert
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also known as the Golden Nugget and the Mardi Gras Coconut. The coconut is mentioned as far back as 1910, where they were given in a natural "hairy" state. The coconut was thrown as a cheap alternative, especially in 1910 when the bead throws were made of glass. Before the Krewe of Zulu threw
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In the 1990s, many people lost interest in small, cheap beads, often leaving them where they landed on the ground. Larger, more elaborate metallic beads and strands with figures of animals, people, or other objects have become the sought-after throws. David Redmond's 2005 film of cultural and
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as Shrove Tuesday neared, Mayor Cantrell ordered all bars in New Orleans (including those with temporary permits to operate as restaurants) to close from February 12 through February 16 (Mardi Gras), and prohibited to-go drink sales by restaurants, and all packaged liquor sales in the French
564:. This marked the first large-scale cancellation of Mardi Gras parades since the 1979 police strike. Other krewes subsequently announced that they would cancel their in-person balls, including Endymion and Rex (who therefore did not name a King and Queen of Mardi Gras for the first time since
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Standard history of New Orleans, Louisiana, giving a description of the natural advantages, natural history ... settlement, Indians, Creoles, municipal and military history, mercantile and commercial interests, banking, transportation, struggles against high water, the press, educational ...
269:). An account from 1743 that the custom of Carnival balls was already established. Processions and wearing of masks in the streets on Mardi Gras took place. They were sometimes prohibited by law, and were quickly renewed whenever such restrictions were lifted or enforcement waned.
547:, highly recommending the wearing of face masks by attendees, discouraging "high value" throws in order to discourage crowding, as well as discouraging the consumption of alcohol, and encouraging more media coverage of parades to allow at-home viewing.
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to represent their "kingdom". Purple was widely associated with royalty, while white was already heavily used on other national flags, and was thus avoided. Furthermore, he noted that a flag in green, gold and purple in that order complies with the
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The rumored but long-lost recording was rediscovered in 2022. The two-minute film records 6 parade floats, including one transporting a live ox. In December 2022, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the
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helped encourage a tradition of women baring their breasts in exchange for beads and trinkets. Social scientists studying "ritual disrobement" found, at Mardi Gras 1991, 1,200 instances of body-baring in exchange for beads or other favors.
504:. At the time, scrutiny over large public gatherings had yet to emerge, while scrutiny over international travel primarily placed an emphasis on restricting travel from China—the country from which the disease originated. The first case of
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744:. The parade is relatively new, but its membership has tripled since its start in 2001. It is popular for its throws (highly sought-after decorated shoes and other trinkets) and themes poking fun at politicians and celebrities.
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often have hundreds of floats blowing loud horns, with entire families riding and throwing much more than just the traditional beads and doubloons. Numerous smaller parades and walking clubs also parade around the city. The
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In addition to the toxicity of tons of plastic, eye injuries from Mardi Gras parade throws are commonplace, and more severe injuries—such as a fractured skull in an infant struck by a coconut—have also been known to occur.
1128:(pronounced "flahm-bo", meaning flame-torch) carrier originally, before electric lighting, served as a beacon for New Orleans parade goers to better enjoy the spectacle of night parades. The first flambeau carriers were
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journeys from the Bywater through Marigny and the French Quarter to meet Rex on Canal Street. The Pair-O-Dice Tumblers rambles from bar to bar in Marigny and the French Quarter from noon to dusk. Various groups of
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As parades and large gatherings were canceled for the 2021 Mardi Gras season in New Orleans, some locals spent extra effort to decorate their homes and front yards for the holiday. Some nicknamed this "Yardi
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The city announced COVID-19 protocols for Mardi Gras 2022 in February 2022, which requires, at a minimum, all participants in a parade (including marchers, performers, and those a riding a float) to present
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was the city's most famous site for Carnival balls. In more recent years, most are at the ballrooms of various hotels throughout the city. The largest "Super Krewes" use larger venues; Bacchus the
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troops maintaining order. Guardsmen prevented crimes against persons or property but made no attempt to enforce laws regulating morality or drug use; for these reasons, some in the French Quarter
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Unknown to the participants and local leaders at the time, the 2020 Carnival season (with parades running from January through Mardi Gras Day on February 25) coincided with increasing spread of
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Following a color-themed Rex parade in 1892, the Rex organization retroactively declared that the three colors in that order symbolized justice, power, and faith. Errol Laborde, author of
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A 'throw' is the collective term used for the objects that are thrown from floats to parade-goers. Until the 1960s, the most common form was multi-colored strings of glass beads made in
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420:, who was up for reelection in early 2006, tried to play this sentiment for electoral advantage. However, the economics of Carnival were, and are, too important to the city's revival.
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floodwaters for weeks. While some krewes repaired and removed all traces of these effects, others incorporated flood lines and other damage into the designs of the floats.
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from within the past 72 hours. Some krewes chose to not accept negative tests at all, while some krewes (such as the Krewe of Muses, which also announced plans to have
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Today, New Orleans krewes operate under a business structure; membership is open to anyone who pays dues, and any member can have a place on a parade float.
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and Spanish Quarter in the weekends preceding Mardi Gras Day. Mardi Gras Day traditionally concludes with the "Meeting of the Courts" between Rex and Comus.
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a legal state holiday. War, economic, political, and weather conditions sometimes led to cancellation of some or all major parades, especially during the
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The decision of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals appears at volume 42, page 1483 of the Federal Reporter (3rd Series), or 42 F.3d 1483 (5th Cir. 1995).
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stated that she would have cancelled Mardi Gras festivities had she been provided with sufficient warning by the federal government, and criticized the
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519:(LSU) associate professor Susanne Straif-Bourgeoi suggested that the rapid spread may have been aided by Mardi Gras festivities. Researchers of the
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Epiphany on January 6, has been recognized as the start of the New Orleans Carnival season since at least 1900; locally, it is sometimes known as
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practice. The date of the first celebration of the festivities in New Orleans is unknown. A 1730 account by Marc-Antoine Caillot celebrating with
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737:, the newest all-female Krewe. Nyx is famous for their highly decorated purses, and has reached Super Krewe status since their founding in 2011.
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Committee focused on COVID-19 proposed that parades still be held but with strict safety protocols and recommendations, including enforcement of
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as throws) had already announced vaccination requirements for parade participants ahead of the official requirement. Despite the presence of
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of venues in the city, large and small, depending on the size and budget of the organization. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the
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In 1979, the New Orleans police department went on strike. The official parades were canceled or moved to surrounding communities, such as
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1035:(third oldest in the United States), founded in 1841 as a place for its members to congregate and partake in the fashionable card game of
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The celebrations begin early on Mardi Gras Day, which can fall on any Tuesday between February 3 and March 9 (depending on the date of
627:, city health director Jennifer Avegno stated that she was confident Mardi Gras could be conducted in a more normal fashion over 2021.
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Parades were allowed to return for 2022. In December 2021, the city announced that parades would have modified routes in 2022 due to
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161:. Several modern "super krewes" are well known for holding large parades and events (often featuring celebrity guests), such as the
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Many of Carnival's oldest societies, such as the Independent Strikers' Society, hold masked balls but no longer parade in public.
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276:, a rich plantation owner of French descent raised money to fund an official Mardi Gras celebration. James R. Creecy in his book
1723:"'We were not given a warning': New Orleans mayor says federal inaction informed Mardi Gras decision ahead of covid-19 outbreak"
985:. Lower-cost beads and toys allow float-riders to purchase greater quantities, and throws have become more numerous and common.
189:, decorated plastic "throw cups", and small inexpensive toys. Major krewes follow the same parade schedule and route each year.
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to organize a secret society to observe Mardi Gras with a formal parade. They founded New Orleans' first and oldest krewe, the
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Wearing less clothing than considered decent in other contexts during Mardi Gras has been documented since 1889, when the
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381:. Significantly fewer tourists than usual came to the city. Masking, costuming, and celebrations continued anyway, with
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A flag in the traditional colors, as specified in the Rex organization's original edict and in compliance with the
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1007:, follows up on the documentary by providing an ethnographic analysis of the social harms, the pleasures, and the
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than usual, with commentary on the trials and tribulations of living in the devastated city. References included
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own right. By 1949, as an indication of Zulu's increase in prestige, the krewe named New Orleans' native son
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On February 5, 2021, in response to continued concerns surrounding "recent large crowds in the Quarter" and
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Thursday night starts off with The Knights of Babylon, and then another all-women's parade featuring the
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was formed to create a daytime spectacle not only for the residents of the city but for special guest
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on August 29, 2005, caused a few people to question the future of the city's Mardi Gras celebrations.
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1886:"New Orleans would have canceled Mardi Gras if feds had taken coronavirus more seriously, Mayor says"
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145:; most follow the same parade schedule and route each year. The earliest-established krewes were the
1804:"New Orleans has some of the highest coronavirus infection rates in the U.S. -- yet it's overlooked"
1388:"Comus brings Carnival to glittering conclusion | The New Orleans Advocate — New Orleans, Louisiana"
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area. In the crowded streets of the French Quarter, generally avoided by locals on Mardi Gras Day,
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2714:"House Floats Keep Spirits And Artists Afloat In What Organizers Hope Is A Locals-Only Mardi Gras"
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2216:"Thoth Mardi Gras parade pleads for City Hall to restore traditional route, but the answer is no"
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2773:"Mardi Gras 2021 Parade Cancellations Inspire 'Dog House Floats' Created to Safely Spread Cheer"
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2135:"All New Orleans bars closed for Mardi Gras, access restricted to major streets under new rules"
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66.1% growth) in the 14 days since its first reported case than any region in the entire world.
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all start early in the day Uptown and make their way to the French Quarter with at least one
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1507:"Long-lost film of 1898 Rex parade is believed to be the oldest footage shot in New Orleans"
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parade had returned to the Mid-City route, and other Krewes expanding their parades Uptown.
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2499:"For New Orleans, the return of Mardi Gras is critical 'for our pocketbooks and our souls'"
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2164:"Mayor LaToya Cantrell won't bow down: 'Without a doubt, we will have Mardi Gras in 2022'"
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2190:"Zulu and Endymion altered, all parades trimmed: Cantrell reveals 2022 Mardi Gras routes"
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Glass beads were supplanted by less expensive and more durable plastic beads, first from
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2634:"Grand Duke's 1872 grand tour and Mardi Gras visit left lasting memories in New Orleans"
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2268:"For New Orleans' Mardi Gras season parades, riders must have vaccines or negative test"
1692:"Tandem floats eliminated from remaining parades after Endymion accident, officials say"
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196:, major parades originate in the Uptown and Mid-City districts and follow a route along
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Beads, Bodies, and Trash: Public Sex, Global Labor, and the Disposability of Mardi Gras
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Carriers with lit flambeaux on Napoleon Avenue, just before the start of a parade, 2007
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Beads, Bodies, and Trash: Public Sex, Global Labor, and the Disposability of Mardi Gras
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2294:"Mardi Gras season krewes, bands figure out how to roll with New Orleans' COVID rules"
1859:"Coronavirus cases grew faster in Louisiana than anywhere else in the world: UL study"
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https://web.archive.org/web/20150121193427/http://acompanymanbook.com/infobox/excerpt/
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The first record of Mardi Gras being celebrated in Louisiana was at the mouth of the
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2053:"Rex cancels 2021 Mardi Gras ball in wake of parade ban, won't crown king and queen"
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3761:
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3525:
3515:
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2992:
2938:
2933:
2910:
2900:
1560:"'Iron Man,' 'Super Fly' and 'Carrie' are inducted into the National Film Registry"
1352:
1145:
1141:
1063:
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994:
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730:
A 2020 study estimated that Mardi Gras brings 1.4 million visitors to New Orleans.
680:
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958:
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although this term properly refers to Epiphany Eve, January 5, the evening of the
635:
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determined that Louisiana had the fastest growth rate of cases (67.8%, overtaking
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1179:
Arrival of Rex, monarch of Mardi Gras, as seen on an early 20th-century postcard
4018:
4001:
3464:
3015:
2987:
2969:
2943:
2740:"How to Celebrate Mardi Gras During Covid: Turn Your House Into a Parade Float"
1831:"Gov. Edwards: Mardi Gras caused many cases of coronavirus in New Orleans area"
1301:
1137:
967:
771:
741:
715:
515:
from the pandemic, with New Orleans in particular seeing a high rate of cases.
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209:
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into the crowds. The most common throws are strings of colorful plastic beads,
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1305:
A topless woman at a French Quarter coffee house, Mardi Gras afternoon, 2009
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1103:
341:
The 1898, Rex parade, with the theme of "Harvest Queens", was filmed by the
4473:
4330:
4102:
3284:
3028:
2320:"Krewe of Muses tells riders they must be fully vaccinated - no exceptions"
1970:"Due to Covid-19, Mardi Gras parades are canceled in New Orleans next year"
1436:
1362:
1242:
1079:
was a leading venue for New Orleans balls. From the mid 20th century until
999:, follows the production and distribution of beads from a small factory in
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335:
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131:
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2651:
1534:"After Decades of Searching, 1898 Film of New Orleans Mardi Gras Is Found"
1367:
1321:
In the last decades of the 20th century, the rise in producing commercial
424:
schedule. It was scaled back but less severely than originally suggested.
4141:
3453:
1750:"Trump's focus on coronavirus numbers could backfire, health experts say"
1628:"Tandem float ban: 'It's a real problem' says Carnival historian Laborde"
1275:
traditionally consumed during the New Orleans Mardi Gras festivities. In
386:
331:
121:
tradition). Mardi Gras is French for Fat Tuesday, the season is known as
105:
71:
36:
1453:
All on a Mardi Gras Day: Episodes in the History of New Orleans Carnival
576:
Quarter. To discourage gatherings, pedestrian access to Bourbon Street,
4438:
4381:
4160:
4092:
3916:
3289:
2905:
2801:"Ritual Disrobement at Mardi Gras: Ceremonial Exchange and Moral Order"
2800:
1637:
1271:), or simply "ojen" ("OH-hen") as it is known in English, is a Spanish
1160:
1055:, while the Stratford Club serves as the face of the Order of Mythras.
1040:
647:
The colors traditionally associated with Mardi Gras in New Orleans are
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109:. Celebrations are concentrated for about two weeks before and through
95:
1111:
One of the many Mardi Gras throws which krewes fling into the crowds,
4267:
4237:
3474:
2109:"New Orleans closing bars and banning to-go drinks during Mardi Gras"
1914:"Mardi Gras not cancelled but will be 'different' in 2021, city says"
1485:
American Sodom: New Orleans Faces Its Critics and an Uncertain Future
1326:
1322:
1112:
974:
417:
100:
75:
1996:"New Orleans Cancels Mardi Gras Parades For 2021 Due To Coronavirus"
1191:
Rex, presented with freedom of the city; early 20th century postcard
1031:
play a very large part in the Mardi Gras celebration. The oldest is
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4170:
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1272:
858:, divided into uptown and downtown tribes, parade in their finery.
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246:
122:
2698:
1944:"Photos: Preparing for "Yardi Gras" in New Orleans - The Atlantic"
1775:"COVID-19 Timeline: See how fast things have changed in Louisiana"
141:
The parades in New Orleans are organized by social clubs known as
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One of the most famous and the most sought after throws, is the
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was reported on March 9, two weeks after the end of Mardi Gras.
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311:
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While many tourists center their Carnival season activities on
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3173:
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2887:
2242:"Where you can get a COVID-19 test before Mardi Gras weekend"
2024:"Endymion announces cancellation of all 2021 Carnival events"
1293:
Paws in Covington, opted to make "dog house floats' in 2021.
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779:
652:
254:
250:
142:
2832:
2623:. From: mardigrasneworleans.com. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
2434:. Harvard University. Chicago, The Lewis Publishing Company.
1245:
examine their parade catches, including a Zulu Coconut, 2009
1167:. The Rex motto is, "Pro Bono Publico—for the public good."
755:
parades, ending with one of the fastest-growing krewes, the
1009:
consequences of the toxicity that Mardi Gras beads produce.
946:
846:
733:
Wednesday night begins with Druids, and is followed by the
362:
258:
2080:"Krewe of Bacchus announces virtual 2021 Mardi Gras plans"
759:. There are several smaller neighborhood parades like the
389:
community recall 1979 as the city's best Mardi Gras ever.
245:, and their men celebrated it as part of an observance of
3033:
2699:
Dominique Mertens Impex. S.L., Ojén, aguardiente superior
1661:"Calls for new tandem float restrictions after Nyx death"
1493:
The École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales Coloquio
1232:
842:
457:
2877:
2601:"It's Not All Bon Temps: Mardi Gras Can Prove Hazardous"
2447:"Twelfth Night Revelers kicks off 2016 Carnival at ball"
861:
For upcoming Mardi Gras Dates through the year 2100 see
607:
outfits and brooms, tasked to "sweep the plague away".
300:
In 1856, 21 businessmen gathered at a club room in the
3837:
Tennessee Williams & New Orleans Literary Festival
2823:
History of Mardi Gras with vintage and modern pictures
664:
Marched the Day God: A History of the Rex Organization
401:
refused to hear the city's appeal from this decision.
2473:"12 parties to go to on Twelfth Night in New Orleans"
2133:
Adelson, Jeff; Williams, Jessica (February 5, 2021).
16:
Annual carnival celebration in New Orleans, Louisiana
2377:
Krewe: The Early New Orleans Carnival: Comus to Zulu
1441:
Scenes in the South, and Other Miscellaneous Pieces.
797:, parades on Saturday night, with the celebrity-led
770:
Several daytime parades roll on Saturday (including
725:
443:
The 2006 New Orleans Carnival schedule included the
2107:Burnside, Tina; Hunter, Marnie (February 5, 2021).
1424:
Scenes in the South, and Other Miscellaneous Pieces
1221:The Rex pageant, Mardi Gras Day, New Orleans, La.,
1203:Rex in procession down Canal Street; postcard from
666:, presented a theory that the colors were based on
278:
Scenes in the South, and Other Miscellaneous Pieces
2188:writer, DOUG MACCASH | Staff (December 21, 2021).
1850:
1318:on balconies cause crowds to form on the streets.
491:
2562:. Culture Unplugged. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
2379:. Metairie, La.: Carnival Press. pp. 57–61.
1589:. From: carnaval.com. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
4487:
2214:writer, DOUG MACCASH | Staff (January 7, 2022).
2162:writer, DOUG MACCASH | Staff (January 6, 2022).
2132:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1148:, Saturn, and Sparta. Flambeaux are powered by
584:between 7:00 p.m. and 3:00 a.m., and
407:
338:, but the city has always celebrated Carnival.
212:and 'tit Rex - also take place downtown in the
3621:Homeland Security & Emergency Preparedness
2344:
2342:
2340:
2106:
1525:
1017:
482:
3887:
3873:
3793:Southern–New Orleans Knights and Lady Knights
3431:
2863:
2829:Definitive Mardi Gras and king cake histories
1748:Mason, Jeff; Holland, Steve (March 9, 2020).
431:2006: A Knights of Chaos float satirizes the
3184:La Société Pas Si Secrète Des Champs-Élysées
1994:Del Rosario, Alexandra (November 18, 2020).
1747:
1710:
849:band. At the other end of the old city, the
2807:, Vol. 75, No. 2. (Dec. 1996), pp. 423-458.
2542:"Mardi Gras Dates - Mardi Gras New Orleans"
2337:
1993:
1741:
1498:
674:, and Rex's goal may have been to create a
500:(COVID-19) in the United States as part of
472:(FEMA) and local and national politicians.
3880:
3866:
3438:
3424:
2870:
2856:
2470:
1582:
1580:
747:Friday night is the occasion of the large
686:
357:
280:describes New Orleans Mardi Gras in 1835:
1333:
1165:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia
3832:New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival
3750:Dillard Bleu Devils and Lady Bleu Devils
3701:New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary
3080:NOMTOC (New Orleans Most Talked Of Club)
2795:
2793:
2598:
2444:
2240:Team, WDSU Digital (February 24, 2022).
2077:
1967:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1300:
1236:
1102:
1062:After their exclusion from Rex, in 1909
1043:Royalty is chosen from among its ranks.
957:
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361:
310:
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2399:
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2317:
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1597:
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274:Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville
4488:
2835:Web site affiliated with New Orleans'
2711:
2599:Copeland, CS (January–February 2014).
2571:
2496:
2400:Laborde, Peggy Scott (June 24, 2015).
2213:
2187:
2161:
2078:Mumphrey, Nicole (November 24, 2020).
1856:
1658:
1420:
1233:New Orleans Zulu or Mardi Gras Coconut
3861:
3419:
2851:
2790:
2737:
2291:
2157:
2155:
2047:
2045:
2018:
2016:
1937:
1935:
1828:
1798:
1796:
1587:Three centuries of Mardi Gras history
1557:
1531:
1470:
936:
630:
208:. Walking parades - most notably the
2239:
1968:Asmelash, Leah (November 17, 2020).
1592:
1504:
1339:Faubourg Marigny Mardi Gras costumes
1288:prohibited, stemming from a post on
1119:
899:Revelers on St. Charles Avenue, 2007
714:Mardi Gras season continues through
521:University of Louisiana at Lafayette
3024:Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club
2471:Stromquist, Kat (January 3, 2018).
2406:. Pelican Publishing Company, Inc.
2350:"The Truth About Carnival's Colors"
2318:MacCash, Doug (December 31, 2021).
670:: all three colors correspond to a
470:Federal Emergency Management Agency
171:Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club
13:
4511:Tourist attractions in New Orleans
2998:Intergalactic Krewe of Chewbacchus
2843:Mardi Gras 2014 celebration photos
2738:Wolfe, Rachel (January 22, 2021).
2712:Juhasz, Aubri (February 8, 2021).
2650:. Rex Organization. Archived from
2497:Chavez, Roby (February 16, 2022).
2266:MacCash, Doug (January 27, 2022).
2152:
2042:
2013:
1941:
1932:
1793:
1427:. Washington: T. McGill. pp.
1411:Excerpt | A Company Man - The Book
1342:French Quarter Mardi Gras costumes
513:Louisiana saw a significant impact
14:
4532:
3805:Xavier Gold Rush and Gold Nuggets
2814:
2608:Healthcare Journal of New Orleans
2445:Strachan, Sue (January 8, 2016).
2292:Spera, Keith (January 29, 2022).
1659:Masson, Rob (February 22, 2020).
1558:Ulaby, Neda (December 14, 2022).
804:
793:The first of the "super krewes",
726:Days leading up to Mardi Gras Day
468:, along with much mocking of the
4467:
4453:
3942:
3447:
1296:
1214:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1047:began as the public face of The
920:
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892:
872:
224:
29:
3307:The Dictator's Dancing Darlings
3206:North Side Skull and Bones Gang
2765:
2731:
2705:
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2640:
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2592:
2565:
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2534:
2516:
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2259:
2233:
2207:
2181:
2126:
2100:
2071:
1987:
1961:
1906:
1878:
1857:Daigle, Adam (March 23, 2020).
1829:Finch, Chris (March 25, 2020).
1822:
1767:
1684:
1652:
1620:
1611:
1282:
1257:
1022:
492:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
4516:Carnivals in the United States
3847:Voodoo Music + Arts Experience
2702:, official website, in Spanish
2572:Redmon, David (July 8, 2014).
2403:New Orleans Mardi Gras Moments
1551:
1446:
1414:
1402:
1380:
1:
3470:New Orleans metropolitan area
2682:Cocktails", Ned HĂ©mard, 2007"
1608:. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
1532:Traub, Alex (June 23, 2022).
1392:www.theneworleansadvocate.com
1373:
1222:
1204:
597:New Orleans Police Department
560:"responsible" as they can be
367:
235:Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
204:, on the upriver side of the
3257:New Orleans Baby Doll Ladies
3071:Mystic Krewe of Femme Fatale
1894:. Tegna, Inc. March 26, 2020
1505:Pope, John (June 19, 2022).
1136:, Druids, Endymion, Hermes,
1098:
1027:New Orleans Social Clubs or
433:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
408:Effects of Hurricane Katrina
322:In 1875, Louisiana declared
7:
3788:New Orleans Breakers (2022)
2546:www.mardigrasneworleans.com
1346:
1018:Other Mardi Gras traditions
931:in the French Quarter, 2019
691:
511:Subsequently, the state of
483:2020 tandem float incidents
379:Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
288:The Carnival at New Orleans
10:
4537:
4521:Balls in the United States
3696:LSU Health Sciences Center
3379:Mystic Krewe of Shangri-La
2799:Shrum, W. and J. Kilburn.
517:Louisiana State University
412:The devastation caused by
219:
181:riders traditionally toss
117:(the start of lent in the
99:is celebrated in southern
4496:Mardi Gras in New Orleans
4447:
4431:
4415:
4288:
4220:
4150:
3951:
3940:
3896:
3822:Mardi Gras in New Orleans
3814:
3734:
3676:Delgado Community College
3664:
3601:
3483:
3460:
3392:
3321:
3268:
3235:St. John Fools of Misrule
3231:Irish Channel Corner Club
3194:
3172:
3093:
2960:
2919:
2886:
2880:Mardi Gras in New Orleans
2560:Mardi Gras: Made in China
1421:Creecy, James R. (1860).
996:Mardi Gras: Made in China
981:, and more recently from
953:
831:Irish Channel Corner Club
81:
63:
52:
44:
28:
24:Mardi Gras in New Orleans
23:
4506:Festivals in New Orleans
4093:Belarus, Russia, Ukraine
3352:Mystic Krewe of Cynthius
3074:Elks Krewe of Orleanians
2678:, "Banana Republics and
1489:La Louisiane à la dérive
1457:Harvard University Press
1089:Morial Convention Center
801:parade on Sunday night.
498:coronavirus disease 2019
475:By the 2009 season, the
103:, including the city of
3827:French Quarter Festival
3226:Jefferson City Buzzards
3159:Young Men Illinois Club
3138:High Priests of Mithras
2528:www.kreweofmorpheus.com
2427:Rightor, Henry (1900).
2375:Laborde, Errol (2007).
1358:French Quarter Festival
823:Jefferson City Buzzards
687:Contemporary Mardi Gras
599:staffing shortages. On
358:20th and 21st centuries
35:A Mardi Gras Parade in
4501:Economy of New Orleans
4460:Catholicism portal
3777:New Orleans Privateers
3300:The Camel Toe Steppers
3222:Krewe of Bosom Buddies
3202:Half-Fast Walking Club
3181:Phorty Phunny Phellows
3162:Original Illinois Club
3105:Twelfth Night Revelers
3077:Krewe of Crescent City
3038:Krewe of Pontchartrain
2974:Mystic Krewe of Druids
2896:Mistick Krewe of Comus
2648:"Rex King of Carnival"
1334:Additional photographs
1306:
1246:
1155:
1108:
991:economic globalization
963:
839:Half Fast Walking Club
644:
573:variants of SARS-CoV-2
556:
440:
435:, responsible for the
374:
348:National Film Registry
343:American Mutoscope Co.
319:
318:, Carnival Queen, 1891
306:Mistick Krewe of Comus
298:
291:
147:Mistick Krewe of Comus
3219:The Merry Antoinettes
3210:Society of Saint Anne
3083:Krewe de Jeanne d'Arc
2676:New Orleans Nostalgia
2578:. London: Routledge.
2558:David Redmon (2008).
1398:on February 16, 2016.
1304:
1240:
1106:
961:
851:Society of Saint Anne
638:
562:superspreading events
553:
506:COVID-19 in Louisiana
462:Katrina refrigerators
430:
365:
314:
293:
286:
233:in what is now lower
3772:New Orleans Pelicans
3758:(Loyola New Orleans)
3631:Sheriff's Department
3034:KOE (Krewe of Elvis)
2983:Krewe of King Arthur
2821:Carnival New Orleans
1495:- December 16, 2005.
1085:Municipal Auditorium
621:COVID-19 rapid tests
613:proof of vaccination
536:Trump administration
366:Mardi Gras maskers;
237:, on March 2, 1699.
4280:Trinidad and Tobago
3932:Ati-Atihan festival
3767:New Orleans Jesters
3706:Notre Dame Seminary
3454:City of New Orleans
3385:Krewe of Virgilians
3358:Krewe of Gladiators
3311:Streetcar Strutters
3281:The Bearded Oysters
3278:The Amelia Earhawts
3253:Krewe of Chartreuse
3241:Lyons Carnival Club
3056:Krewe of Carrollton
2827:Mardi Gras Unmasked
2744:Wall Street Journal
2654:on October 26, 2012
2636:. February 4, 2022.
2524:"Krewe of Morpheus"
2356:. February 13, 2017
2059:. November 20, 2020
2030:. November 19, 2020
1698:. February 22, 2020
1264:Aguardiente de Ojén
735:Mystic Krewe of Nyx
397:the ordinance. The
352:Library of Congress
56:Annual, Day before
4258:Dominican Republic
3842:Satchmo SummerFest
3783:New Orleans Saints
3405:Mardi Gras Indians
3297:The Organ Grinders
3187:Funky Uptown Krewe
3141:Prophets of Persia
3124:Krewe of Olympians
3112:Krewe of Athenians
3052:Krewe of Pygmalion
2978:Knights of Babylon
2949:Krewe of Cleopatra
2621:Mardi Gras History
2451:The Times-Picayune
1920:. November 5, 2020
1606:The Times-Picayune
1455:by Reid Mitchell.
1307:
1247:
1109:
1077:French Opera House
964:
937:Costumes and masks
881:St. Charles Avenue
856:Mardi Gras Indians
645:
631:Traditional colors
557:
441:
375:
328:American Civil War
320:
292:
198:St. Charles Avenue
4483:
4482:
3855:
3854:
3799:Tulane Green Wave
3716:Tulane University
3626:Police Department
3413:
3412:
3314:Cherchez La Femme
3303:The Muff-A-Lottas
3247:Krewe of Box Wine
3150:Krewe of Achaeans
3097:Debutantes Krewes
3041:Knights of Sparta
3020:Krewe of Morpheus
3011:Krewe of Mid-City
2929:Krewe of Endymion
2585:978-0-415-52540-4
2386:978-0-9792273-0-1
2088:. Gray Television
1640:February 23, 2020
1120:Flambeau carriers
1091:and Endymion the
1081:Hurricane Katrina
1045:The Pickwick Club
1029:Gentlemen's Clubs
788:Krewe of Mid-City
778:) and on Sunday (
757:Krewe of Morpheus
672:heraldic tincture
545:social distancing
502:a global epidemic
414:Hurricane Katrina
231:Mississippi River
173:—a predominantly
169:, as well as the
163:Krewe of Endymion
119:Western Christian
113:, the day before
91:
90:
4528:
4474:World portal
4472:
4471:
4458:
4457:
4363:Negros y Blancos
3946:
3891:around the world
3882:
3875:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3762:New Orleans Gold
3756:Loyola Wolf Pack
3744:Delgado Dolphins
3452:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3373:Krewe of Pegasus
3367:Krewe of Icarius
3349:Bards of Bohemia
3343:Krewe of Ashanti
3334:Krewe of America
3331:Krewe of Aladdin
3322:Disbanded Krewes
3275:The Pussyfooters
3261:Krewe of Pirates
3250:Dames de Perlage
3174:Streetcar Krewes
3144:Krewe of Dorians
3131:Caliphs of Cairo
3065:Krewe of Choctaw
3045:Krewe of Okeanos
2993:Knights of Chaos
2939:Krewe of Orpheus
2934:Krewe of Bacchus
2911:Krewe of Proteus
2901:Knights of Momus
2872:
2865:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2808:
2797:
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2783:
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2703:
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2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1810:. March 23, 2020
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:. March 22, 2020
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1729:. March 26, 2020
1719:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1599:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1502:
1496:
1481:
1468:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1394:. Archived from
1384:
1353:Mardi Gras Mambo
1227:
1224:
1218:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1146:Krewe of Proteus
1142:Krewe of Orpheus
1053:Knights of Momus
962:Mardi Gras beads
941:In New Orleans,
924:
913:Frenchmen Street
908:
896:
876:
864:Mardi Gras Dates
681:rule of tincture
641:rule of tincture
586:Claiborne Avenue
582:Frenchmen Street
399:US Supreme Court
372:
369:
214:Faubourg Marigny
175:African American
167:Krewe of Bacchus
159:Krewe of Proteus
155:Knights of Momus
149:, the earliest,
136:masquerade balls
33:
21:
20:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4466:
4452:
4443:
4427:
4411:
4284:
4216:
4146:
3947:
3938:
3892:
3886:
3856:
3851:
3810:
3730:
3667:
3660:
3636:Fire Department
3597:
3479:
3456:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3414:
3409:
3388:
3376:Krewe of Saturn
3364:Krewe of Hestia
3361:Krewe of Helios
3355:Krewe of Gemini
3328:Krewe of Adonis
3317:
3264:
3215:Krewe of Barkus
3190:
3168:
3156:Krewe of Apollo
3147:Krewe of Osiris
3135:Krewe of Nereus
3109:Elves of Oberon
3096:
3089:
3049:Krewe of Freret
3006:Le Krewe d'Etat
3002:Krewe of Hermes
2962:Parading Krewes
2956:
2915:
2888:Old Line Krewes
2882:
2876:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2798:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2553:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2443:
2439:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2160:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1940:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1727:Washington Post
1721:
1720:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1671:Gray Television
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1499:
1482:
1471:
1451:
1447:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1349:
1336:
1299:
1285:
1260:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1158:
1134:Le Krewe d'Etat
1122:
1101:
1069:Louis Armstrong
1033:The Boston Club
1025:
1020:
956:
939:
932:
925:
916:
909:
900:
897:
888:
877:
807:
761:Krewe of Barkus
749:Krewe of Hermes
728:
694:
689:
633:
625:Omicron variant
532:LaToya Cantrell
494:
485:
410:
370:
360:
227:
222:
206:Spanish Quarter
93:The holiday of
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4463:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:Cayman Islands
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:Public schools
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:Notable people
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:Orleans Parish
3461:
3458:
3457:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:Krewe of Venus
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3370:Krewe of Orion
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3346:Krewe of Atlas
3344:
3341:
3340:Krewe of Arabi
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:El Lucha Krewe
3292:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:Dancing Krewes
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3195:Walking Krewes
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3165:Krewe of Janus
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3121:The Arthurians
3119:
3118:The Harlequins
3116:
3115:The Atlanteans
3113:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3068:Krewe of Oshun
3066:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3016:Krewe of Tucks
3013:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2988:Krewe of Muses
2985:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2970:Krewe du Vieux
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2944:Krewe of Thoth
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2837:Times-Picayune
2830:
2824:
2816:
2815:External links
2813:
2810:
2809:
2789:
2764:
2730:
2704:
2690:
2665:
2639:
2625:
2613:
2591:
2584:
2564:
2551:
2533:
2515:
2489:
2463:
2437:
2419:
2412:
2392:
2385:
2367:
2354:My New Orleans
2336:
2310:
2284:
2258:
2232:
2206:
2180:
2151:
2125:
2099:
2070:
2041:
2012:
1986:
1960:
1942:Taylor, Alan.
1931:
1905:
1877:
1849:
1821:
1792:
1766:
1740:
1709:
1683:
1651:
1619:
1610:
1591:
1576:
1550:
1538:New York Times
1524:
1497:
1469:
1445:
1413:
1401:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1311:Times-Democrat
1298:
1295:
1284:
1281:
1259:
1256:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1171:
1157:
1154:
1138:Krewe of Muses
1121:
1118:
1100:
1097:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
968:Czechoslovakia
955:
952:
938:
935:
934:
933:
926:
919:
917:
910:
903:
901:
898:
891:
889:
878:
871:
813:, and thus of
806:
805:Mardi Gras Day
803:
772:Krewe of Tucks
751:and satirical
742:Krewe of Muses
727:
724:
716:Shrove Tuesday
693:
690:
688:
685:
632:
629:
615:or a negative
578:Decatur Street
493:
490:
484:
481:
445:Krewe du Vieux
439:in New Orleans
409:
406:
383:National Guard
359:
356:
302:French Quarter
267:cross-dressing
226:
223:
221:
218:
210:Krewe du Vieux
194:Bourbon Street
134:(some of them
111:Shrove Tuesday
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
68:French Quarter
65:
61:
60:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4533:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4370:French Guiana
4368:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:South America
4287:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:Puerto Rico (
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4211:
4210:New York City
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4195:United States
4193:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:North America
4149:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3563:Neighborhoods
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
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1071:as its king.
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1049:Mistick Krewe
1046:
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832:
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815:Ash Wednesday
812:
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776:Krewe of Isis
773:
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605:plague doctor
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466:FEMA trailers
463:
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438:
437:failed levees
434:
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225:Early history
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58:Ash Wednesday
55:
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27:
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4451:
4358:Barranquilla
4304:GualeguaychĂş
4299:Buenos Aires
4204:
3923:Philippines
3821:
3668:Universities
3666:Colleges and
3616:City Council
3547:
3506:Demographics
3496:Architecture
3285:610 Stompers
3095:Non-Parading
3086:Krewe Bohéme
3029:Krewe of OAK
2921:Super Krewes
2879:
2836:
2804:
2780:. Retrieved
2776:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2743:
2733:
2723:February 16,
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2707:
2697:
2693:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:the original
2642:
2628:
2616:
2607:
2594:
2574:
2567:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2503:PBS NewsHour
2502:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:
2440:
2429:
2422:
2402:
2395:
2376:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2353:
2327:. Retrieved
2323:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:
2261:
2251:February 26,
2249:. Retrieved
2245:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2193:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2167:
2144:February 16,
2142:. Retrieved
2138:
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2112:
2102:
2092:December 10,
2090:. Retrieved
2085:Fox8Live.com
2083:
2073:
2063:December 10,
2061:. Retrieved
2056:
2034:December 10,
2032:. Retrieved
2027:
2005:November 18,
2003:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1979:November 18,
1977:. Retrieved
1973:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1948:The Atlantic
1947:
1924:November 18,
1922:. Retrieved
1917:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:The Advocate
1862:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:Fox8Live.com
1834:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1807:
1783:. Retrieved
1778:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1726:
1702:February 23,
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
1676:February 23,
1674:. Retrieved
1666:Fox8Live.com
1664:
1654:
1644:February 23,
1642:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1613:
1605:
1569:December 15,
1567:. Retrieved
1563:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1510:
1500:
1488:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1423:
1416:
1404:
1396:the original
1391:
1382:
1363:Fantasy Fest
1325:catering to
1320:
1310:
1308:
1286:
1283:House floats
1262:
1261:
1258:Ojen liqueur
1251:Zulu Coconut
1248:
1243:Basin Street
1241:Revelers on
1159:
1125:
1123:
1110:
1073:
1064:Black Creole
1061:
1057:
1026:
1023:Social clubs
1012:
1004:
995:
987:
977:, then from
972:
965:
940:
929:Royal Street
927:Revelers on
911:Revelers on
885:Gallier Hall
883:in front of
863:
860:
819:
808:
792:
769:
765:Krewe of OAK
753:Krewe D'État
746:
739:
732:
729:
719:
713:
710:
695:
663:
661:
646:
609:
594:
570:
566:World War II
558:
529:
510:
495:
486:
474:
454:
450:
442:
422:
411:
403:
395:
391:
376:
340:
336:World War II
323:
321:
316:Bessie Behan
299:
294:
287:
277:
271:
228:
202:Canal Street
191:
182:
140:
104:
94:
92:
18:
4205:New Orleans
4166:Quebec City
4130:Switzerland
4068:Netherlands
3807:(Xavier LA)
3578:Skyscrapers
2878:Parades at
2508:January 24,
2329:February 4,
2303:February 4,
2277:February 4,
2225:February 4,
2199:February 4,
2173:February 4,
2118:February 5,
1483:Sparks, R.
1226: 1907
1208: 1900
720:Fat Tuesday
702:twelfth day
540:downplaying
418:Mayor Nagin
371: 1915
332:World War I
265:(including
106:New Orleans
72:New Orleans
64:Location(s)
37:New Orleans
4490:Categories
4439:Mardi Gras
4390:Las Tablas
4295:Argentina
4123:Santa Cruz
4118:Las Palmas
3903:Indonesia
3686:Holy Cross
3603:Government
3588:Streetcars
3573:Public art
3548:Mardi Gras
3531:Healthcare
3290:The Sirens
3238:Mondo Kayo
2777:PEOPLE.com
2482:January 5,
2456:January 5,
1638:Tegna Inc.
1602:Deja Krewe
1374:References
1368:Boeuf gras
1323:videotapes
827:Lyons Club
588:under the
525:New York's
324:Mardi Gras
96:Mardi Gras
4423:Australia
4400:Cajamarca
4336:SĂŁo Paulo
4221:Caribbean
4183:Vera Cruz
4072:Portugal
4058:Lithuania
4046:Viareggio
3815:Festivals
3752:(Dillard)
3746:(Delgado)
3526:Geography
3516:Education
3475:Louisiana
2839:newspaper
2752:0099-9660
2028:wwltv.com
1953:March 12,
1918:wwltv.com
1870:March 25,
1842:March 25,
1814:March 25,
1785:April 10,
1759:March 21,
1633:WWLTV.com
1467:pg 25, 26
1113:doubloons
1099:Doubloons
1093:Superdome
975:Hong Kong
879:Float on
601:January 6
272:In 1833,
263:costuming
243:Bienville
239:Iberville
187:doubloons
101:Louisiana
76:Louisiana
53:Frequency
4353:Colombia
4315:Bolivia
4253:Dominica
4238:Barbados
4188:Mazatlán
4103:Slovenia
3963:Belgium
3889:Carnival
3801:(Tulane)
3541:Timeline
2782:July 14,
2757:July 14,
2658:June 18,
2610:: 26–30.
2360:July 20,
2324:NOLA.com
2298:NOLA.com
2272:NOLA.com
2220:NOLA.com
2194:NOLA.com
2168:NOLA.com
2139:NOLA.com
2057:NOLA.com
2000:Deadline
1898:April 9,
1808:NOLA.com
1733:April 9,
1696:NOLA.com
1543:June 27,
1517:June 27,
1511:NOLA.com
1347:See also
1316:flashers
1273:anisette
1126:flambeau
943:costumes
841:and the
795:Endymion
763:and the
692:Epiphany
676:tricolor
668:heraldry
477:Endymion
387:bohemian
373:postcard
247:Catholic
157:and the
123:Carnival
4432:Related
4416:Oceania
4407:Uruguay
4386:Panama
4375:Cayenne
4233:Bahamas
4228:Antigua
4171:Toronto
4157:Canada
4098:Croatia
4076:Madeira
4031:Hungary
4014:Cologne
4009:Germany
3993:France
3989:Finland
3984:England
3979:Denmark
3959:Austria
3927:Sinulog
3917:Jakarta
3681:Dillard
3651:Airport
3593:Tourism
3536:History
3511:Economy
3501:Culture
3393:Related
3244:tit Rəx
3127:Mystery
2113:cnn.com
1754:Reuters
1459::1995.
1437:3302746
1327:voyeurs
1290:Twitter
1150:naphtha
799:Bacchus
784:Okeanos
350:by the
259:masking
220:History
177:krewe.
128:parades
82:Country
4382:Guyana
4346:Recife
4326:Brazil
4200:Mobile
4178:MĂ©xico
4161:Ottawa
4142:Turkey
4109:Spain
4088:Slavic
4041:Venice
4026:Greece
3972:Binche
3952:Europe
3912:Jember
3795:(SUNO)
3736:Sports
3726:Xavier
3691:Loyola
3611:Mayors
3583:Sports
3491:Accent
3484:Topics
3400:Throws
2750:
2582:
2477:Gambit
2410:
2383:
1463:
1435:
1431:, 44.
1130:slaves
1037:Boston
1001:Fuzhou
979:Taiwan
954:Throws
915:, 2009
887:, 2006
829:, the
825:, the
811:Easter
786:, and
655:, and
649:purple
590:bridge
555:Gras".
530:Mayor
290:, 1885
183:throws
165:, the
153:, the
143:krewes
48:Active
45:Status
39:, 2011
4396:Peru
4341:Bahia
4319:Oruro
4309:Murga
4274:Ponce
4268:Nevis
4263:Haiti
4135:Basel
4113:Cádiz
4063:Malta
4051:Ivrea
4036:Italy
4019:Mainz
4002:Paris
3967:Aalst
3779:(UNO)
3558:Music
3553:Media
2685:(PDF)
2604:(PDF)
983:China
947:masks
780:Thoth
653:green
255:dance
251:music
179:Float
132:balls
4248:Cuba
4081:Ovar
3997:Nice
3907:Solo
3897:Asia
3711:SUNO
3521:Flag
2784:2021
2759:2021
2748:ISSN
2725:2021
2718:WWNO
2680:Ojen
2660:2012
2580:ISBN
2510:2023
2484:2018
2458:2018
2408:ISBN
2381:ISBN
2362:2017
2331:2022
2305:2022
2279:2022
2253:2022
2246:WDSU
2227:2022
2201:2022
2175:2022
2146:2021
2120:2021
2094:2020
2065:2020
2036:2020
2007:2020
1981:2020
1955:2021
1926:2020
1900:2020
1872:2020
1844:2020
1816:2020
1787:2020
1761:2020
1735:2020
1704:2020
1678:2020
1646:2020
1571:2022
1545:2022
1519:2022
1461:ISBN
1433:OCLC
1277:Ojén
1124:The
1083:the
945:and
847:jazz
774:and
657:gold
538:for
464:and
458:MREs
334:and
261:and
253:and
200:and
130:and
4331:Rio
3721:UNO
3656:RTA
3641:EMS
2906:Rex
2431:etc
1974:CNN
1891:WWL
1779:WWL
1564:NPR
1161:Rex
1156:Rex
1041:Rex
843:KOE
837:'s
817:).
790:).
718:or
704:of
568:).
151:Rex
138:).
4492::
2803:.
2792:^
2775:.
2746:.
2742:.
2716:.
2606:.
2544:.
2526:.
2501:.
2475:.
2449:.
2352:.
2339:^
2322:.
2296:.
2270:.
2244:.
2218:.
2192:.
2166:.
2154:^
2137:.
2111:.
2082:.
2055:.
2044:^
2026:.
2015:^
1998:.
1972:.
1946:.
1934:^
1916:.
1888:.
1861:.
1833:.
1806:.
1795:^
1777:.
1752:.
1725:.
1712:^
1694:.
1669:.
1663:.
1636:.
1630:.
1604:.
1594:^
1579:^
1562:.
1536:.
1509:.
1491:.
1487:.
1472:^
1439:.
1429:43
1390:.
1269:es
1223:c.
1205:c.
1144:,
1140:,
1095:.
1039:,
993:,
970:.
867:.
833:,
782:,
767:.
722:.
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