215:". Throughout the south, black Americans were prohibited from wearing masks, but black makeup was permitted. The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club, Inc. says that it has not and never will participate in the act of "blackface," as "blackface" is the derogatory, hateful representation of black people as buffoons and idiots. During the 1960s, the organization, with the support of the Mayor and chief-of-police, gave up black make up but continued the tradition of the parade, wearing grass skirts and keeping the identity of the king secret. Due to continued pressure, by 1965 there were only 15 Zulu members remaining. The induction of local civil rights leaders Ernest J. Wright and Morris F.X. Jeff Sr. as Zulu members eventually lifted tensions and membership started to increase. The krewe soon resumed their old traditions, including the black makeup.
93:
218:
Unlike the other "old-line" Carnival Krewes, Zulu never had a policy of racial discrimination. From its inception, any man, regardless of race, ethnicity or religion, had the opportunity to join the membership. In 1973, Roy E. "Glap" Glapion Jr., Zulu
President from 1973 to 1988, started actively
207:
as uncivilized savages and throwing cocoanuts like monkeys. This caricature does not represent Us. Rather, it represents a warped picture against us. Therefore, we petition all citizens of New
Orleans to boycott the Zulu Parade. If we want respect from others, we must first demand it from ourselves.
206:
We, the
Negroes of New Orleans, are in the midst of a fight for our rights and for a recognition of our human dignity which underlies those rights. Therefore, we resent and repudiate the Zulu Parade, in which Negroes are paid by white merchants to wander through the city drinking to excess, dressed
587:
In 1948 Edwina
Robertson became the first Queen of Zulu, making the club the first to feature a queen in a parade. It is a tradition for the club to make a show of meeting the Zulu queen at the airport, but most years' Zulu queens live in New Orleans and therefore have to travel elsewhere so that
227:
The Zulu Social Aid and
Pleasure Club is well known to parade-goers for throwing coconuts to the crowd. In the early 20th century, other parading organizations threw glass necklaces, often hand-made and expensive. The working men of Zulu could not afford similar throws, and decided to purchase
232:
since they were unusual and relatively cheap. Painted and adorned coconuts became popular with the club starting in the late 1940s. In 1987, the organization was unable to renew its insurance coverage, and lawsuits stemming from coconut-related injuries forced a halt to the tradition. In 1988
219:
recruiting professionals, educators, and prominent businessmen and men from all racial and ethnic backgrounds to join Zulu's membership, making Zulu the first parading organization to actually parade racially integrated.
245:
Zulu is the only New
Orleans Mardi Gras krewe that selects their king through an election voting process. Potential kings must campaign for the job, including throwing parties for other krewe members to solicit votes.
1100:
992:
1019:
193:
In 1933, the Lady Zulu
Auxiliary was formed by the wives of Zulu members, and in 1948 Edwina Robertson became the first Queen of Zulu, making the club the first to feature a queen in a parade.
190:
In 1916, Zulu Social Aid and
Pleasure Club became incorporated where the organization's bylaws were established as well as its social mission and dedication to benevolence and goodwill.
648:
159:. The musical comedy performed by the "Smart Set" at the Pythian Temple Theater on the corner of Gravier and Saratoga in New Orleans included a skit where the characters wore
196:
In the 1960s, membership dwindled as a result of social pressures from civil rights activists. The protesters advertised in the local black community's newspaper
237:
signed
Louisiana State Bill #SB188, the "Coconut Bill", into law, removing liability from injuries resulting from coconuts and enabling the tradition to resume.
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and dressed in black makeup. Metoyer became inspired by the skit and reorganized his marching troupe from baggy-pant-wearing
1747:
1319:
1177:
714:
966:
1144:
1073:
912:
831:
1578:
939:
885:
679:
802:
680:"The black leaders of an iconic Mardi Gras parade want you to know their 'black makeup is NOT blackface'"
967:"From 9th Ward kid to Carnival royalty, 2018 King Zulu Brent D. Washington Sr. is 'one of the strong'"
1552:
1201:
1452:
167:
to a new group called the "Zulus". In 1909, Metoyer and the first Zulu king, William Story, wore a
175:. Six years later in 1915, the first decorated platform was constructed with dry goods boxes on a
1547:
92:
1523:
1426:
1217:
646:
602:
116:
108:
1126:
Scott, Liz (February 2000). "Queen Gee: She
Brought a Touch of Hollywood to the Zulu Throne".
1531:
776:
1304:
993:"The kid who would be king: Brian Sims' reign as Zulu 2020 has been 35 years in the making"
807:
198:
8:
1377:
1101:"As King Zulu 2024, Melvin Labat sees New Orleans at its best. He's also seen its worst"
1726:
1628:
1327:
1299:
1270:
1169:
1721:
1332:
1250:
940:"Not one for average, King Zulu Adonis Expose earns 'ultimate' honor with 2017 reign"
518:
132:
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1314:
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1255:
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1222:
120:
1536:
368:
148:
1337:
1309:
1291:
1265:
913:"Zulu crowns Jay H. Banks as its king for Mardi Gras 2016 in Sunday elections"
622:"Zulu's storied history symbolizes Mardi Gras for African Americans worldwide"
1741:
1382:
234:
229:
647:
Point Park College; Pennsylvania Folklore Society; Lycoming College (1964).
1606:
1350:
1145:"'A Terrible Price': The Deadly Racial Disparities of Covid-19 in America,"
180:
176:
160:
128:
1611:
1227:
211:
According to the club, Zulu's use of black makeup was never a form of "
152:
104:
212:
1020:"Zulu will not crown a king in 2021; 'historic moment,' krewe says"
597:
184:
172:
135:
of hand-painted coconuts. The club is a regular feature of the
1047:"Carnival Central: Zulu announces 2022 King-elect, characters"
1495:
1416:
1283:
1242:
1209:
1162:
164:
124:
56:
1130:. Vol. 34, no. 5. New Orleans, LA. pp. 14β15.
588:
they can make the flight into the airport for the ceremony.
886:"'Sleeping giant' Garren Mims to be crowned King Zulu 2014"
775:. Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club. 2010. Archived from
715:"The Zulu Mardi Gras Parade's Coconut Lady Is Hard At Work"
168:
743:"Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club elects its 2015 king"
1355:
81:
1199:
147:In 1908, John L. Metoyer and members of a New York
119:Day. Zulu is New Orleans' largest predominantly
96:Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club Headquarters
1739:
157:There Never Was and Never Will Be a King Like Me
1185:
1506:La SociΓ©tΓ© Pas Si SecrΓ¨te Des Champs-ΓlysΓ©es
1192:
1178:
832:"Mardi Gras 2012's Zulu is Elroy A. James"
829:
803:"Zulus' history and lore on parade, again"
737:
735:
883:
1402:NOMTOC (New Orleans Most Talked Of Club)
1072:Leach, Christopher (February 20, 2023).
856:
796:
794:
137:New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival
91:
1044:
1038:
1017:
1011:
910:
884:McClendon, Robert (February 27, 2014).
830:Monteverde, Danny (February 20, 2012).
732:
101:The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club
1740:
964:
938:Larino, Jennifer (February 24, 2017).
937:
859:"Cedric George Givens, King Zulu 2013"
800:
179:. The King's float was decorated with
171:crown and carried a banana stalk as a
1173:
1125:
1098:
1071:
990:
984:
965:Larino, Jennifer (February 9, 2018).
791:
712:
678:Krupa, Michelle (February 16, 2019).
677:
16:Fraternal organization in New Orleans
706:
421:1973 β Steve "Bulldog Buddy" Johnson
123:carnival organization known for its
1346:Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club
1074:"Zulu Ball 2023: A Dazzling Affair"
1045:Watkins, Christina (June 1, 2021).
865:. New Orleans, LA: myneworleans.com
690:
13:
1320:Intergalactic Krewe of Chewbacchus
1137:
1099:Spera, Keith (February 12, 2024).
1018:MacCash, Doug (December 4, 2020).
529:2009 β Tyrone Anthony Mathieu, Sr.
14:
1774:
1753:Organizations established in 1916
1154:
991:Scott, Mike (February 25, 2020).
547:2015 β Andrew "Pete" Sanchez, Jr.
535:2011 β Anthony "Tony" Barker, Sr.
22:Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club
1763:1916 establishments in Louisiana
749:. New Orleans, LA. June 10, 2014
713:Hahne, Elsa (January 28, 2015).
582:
430:1976 β Dr. Lawler P. Daniels Jr.
418:1972 β Arthur "Sonny Boy" Carter
249:
1629:The Dictator's Dancing Darlings
1528:North Side Skull and Bones Gang
1119:
1092:
1065:
958:
931:
904:
877:
857:Strachan, Sue (February 2013).
850:
556:2018 β Brent D. Washington, Sr.
475:1991 β Charles E. Hamilton, Jr.
240:
222:
151:called "The Tramps" attended a
911:MacCash, Doug (May 31, 2015).
823:
801:Whirty, Ryan (March 4, 2019).
761:
671:
640:
614:
439:1979 β Joseph O. Misshore, Jr.
406:1968 β William "Honey" Boykins
1:
703:. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
649:"Keystone Folklore Quarterly"
608:
1758:Parades in the United States
1579:New Orleans Baby Doll Ladies
1393:Mystic Krewe of Femme Fatale
571:2022 β Randolph "Rudy" Davis
505:2002 β Louis "Tony" Williams
472:1990 β Keith E. Weatherspoon
433:1977 β A.J. "Chuck" Mercadel
40:; 108 years ago
7:
653:Keystone Folklore Quarterly
591:
541:2013 β Cedric George Givens
517:2006 β no elections due to
490:1996 β Louis R. Rainey, Jr.
10:
1779:
1701:Mystic Krewe of Shangri-La
538:2012 β Elroy Anthony James
514:2005 β Isaac "Ike" Wheeler
499:2000 β Roy E. Glapion, Jr.
496:1999 β Dr. Myron Moorehead
478:1992 β James "Jim" Russell
262:1910 β William J. Crawford
142:
1748:Mardi Gras in New Orleans
1714:
1643:
1590:
1557:St. John Fools of Misrule
1553:Irish Channel Corner Club
1516:
1494:
1415:
1282:
1241:
1208:
1202:Mardi Gras in New Orleans
487:1995 β Straughter Prophet
451:1983 β Jesse J. Balancier
400:1966 β Alfred "Al" Barnes
369:Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong
295:1922 β Herbert Permillion
235:Governor Edwin W. Edwards
76:
62:
52:
34:
26:
1674:Mystic Krewe of Cynthius
1396:Elks Krewe of Orleanians
1107:. New Orleans, Louisiana
1080:. New Orleans, Louisiana
1053:. New Orleans, Louisiana
1026:. New Orleans, Louisiana
999:. New Orleans, Louisiana
747:The New Orleans Advocate
565:2021 β cancelled due to
511:2004 β Gerard M. Johnson
493:1998 β Wallace Broussard
469:1989 β Owens "OJ" Haynes
448:1982 β Charles L. Givens
445:1981 β John Elliot Adams
361:1947 β Joseph Warrington
1548:Jefferson City Buzzards
1481:Young Men Illinois Club
1460:High Priests of Mithras
559:2019 β George V. Rainey
532:2010 β Jimmie L. Felder
523:2007 β Larry A. Hammond
508:2003 β Gary A. Thornton
502:2001 β Melvin A. Armour
454:1984 β Alfred H. Gordon
415:1971 β Henry "Bo" Berry
409:1969 β Elizah J. Peters
349:1940 β Emmanuel Bernard
301:1924 β Adrian Hippolite
1622:The Camel Toe Steppers
1544:Krewe of Bosom Buddies
1524:Half-Fast Walking Club
1503:Phorty Phunny Phellows
1484:Original Illinois Club
1427:Twelfth Night Revelers
1399:Krewe of Crescent City
1360:Krewe of Pontchartrain
1296:Mystic Krewe of Druids
1218:Mistick Krewe of Comus
603:New Orleans Mardi Gras
457:1985 β Eddie R. Carter
442:1980 β Elliot Boisdore
436:1978 β Willie L. Papin
412:1970 β Milton Bienamee
403:1967 β Milton Bienamee
397:1965 β Milton Bienamee
343:1938 β Leopold LeBlanc
331:1934 β Leopold LeBlanc
307:1926 β Joseph L. Smith
304:1925 β Baley Robertson
292:1921 β James Robertson
283:1917 β James Robertson
265:1911 β Alex Washington
209:
109:New Orleans, Louisiana
105:fraternal organization
97:
1541:The Merry Antoinettes
1532:Society of Saint Anne
1405:Krewe de Jeanne d'Arc
484:1994 β David Belfield
460:1986 β Louis Augustin
424:1974 β Morris FX Jeff
394:1964 β Edward Johnson
382:1960 β Baptiste Giles
337:1936 β Edmond Hewlett
334:1935 β Baptiste Giles
310:1927 β Arnold L. Moss
268:1912 β Peter Williams
204:
95:
1356:KOE (Krewe of Elvis)
1305:Krewe of King Arthur
1128:New Orleans Magazine
863:New Orleans Magazine
808:The Louisiana Weekly
562:2020 β Brian M. Sims
553:2017 β Adonis Expose
526:2008 β Frank Boutte'
391:1963 β William Poole
385:1961 β Henry Johnson
373:1950 β William Poole
352:1941 β Alonzo Butler
325:1932 β Alonzo Butler
289:1920 β Freddie Brown
259:1909 β William Story
199:The Louisiana Weekly
103:(founded 1916) is a
1707:Krewe of Virgilians
1680:Krewe of Gladiators
1633:Streetcar Strutters
1603:The Bearded Oysters
1600:The Amelia Earhawts
1575:Krewe of Chartreuse
1563:Lyons Carnival Club
1378:Krewe of Carrollton
773:www.kreweofzulu.com
628:. February 12, 2018
577:2024 β Melvin Labat
550:2016 β Jay H. Banks
466:1988 β Arthur Vigne
427:1975 β Harold Doley
388:1962 β Melvin Green
379:1959 β Melvin Green
376:1951 β Roland Brown
358:1946 β Clen Vandage
340:1937 β Arthur Royal
319:1930 β Paul Johnson
316:1929 β Wurry Watson
298:1923 β Joseph Kahoe
274:1914 β Henry Harris
271:1913 β James Bolton
155:comedy show called
23:
1727:Mardi Gras Indians
1619:The Organ Grinders
1509:Funky Uptown Krewe
1463:Prophets of Persia
1446:Krewe of Olympians
1434:Krewe of Athenians
1374:Krewe of Pygmalion
1300:Knights of Babylon
1271:Krewe of Cleopatra
919:. NOLA Media Group
892:. NOLA Media Group
838:. NOLA Media Group
779:on January 2, 2011
701:The Times-Picayune
574:2023 β Nick Spears
544:2014 β Garren Mims
481:1993 β Oscar Piper
463:1987 β Fred Thomas
364:1948 β James Smith
346:1939 β Allen James
313:1928 β Henry Hicks
228:coconuts from the
149:mutual aid society
111:which puts on the
98:
21:
1735:
1734:
1636:Cherchez La Femme
1625:The Muff-A-Lottas
1569:Krewe of Box Wine
1472:Krewe of Achaeans
1419:Debutantes Krewes
1363:Knights of Sparta
1342:Krewe of Morpheus
1333:Krewe of Mid-City
1251:Krewe of Endymion
1143:Linda Villarosa,
944:www.mardigras.com
917:www.mardigras.com
890:www.mardigras.com
836:www.mardigras.com
659:(Winter): 159β160
519:Hurricane Katrina
328:1933 β Allen Leon
322:1931 β Allen Leon
280:1916 β John White
277:1915 β John White
90:
89:
1770:
1695:Krewe of Pegasus
1689:Krewe of Icarius
1671:Bards of Bohemia
1665:Krewe of Ashanti
1656:Krewe of America
1653:Krewe of Aladdin
1644:Disbanded Krewes
1597:The Pussyfooters
1583:Krewe of Pirates
1572:Dames de Perlage
1496:Streetcar Krewes
1466:Krewe of Dorians
1453:Caliphs of Cairo
1387:Krewe of Choctaw
1367:Krewe of Okeanos
1315:Knights of Chaos
1261:Krewe of Orpheus
1256:Krewe of Bacchus
1233:Krewe of Proteus
1223:Knights of Momus
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:Official website
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719:Offbeat Magazine
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127:members wearing
121:African American
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69:New Orleans, LA.
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1710:
1698:Krewe of Saturn
1686:Krewe of Hestia
1683:Krewe of Helios
1677:Krewe of Gemini
1650:Krewe of Adonis
1639:
1586:
1537:Krewe of Barkus
1512:
1490:
1478:Krewe of Apollo
1469:Krewe of Osiris
1457:Krewe of Nereus
1431:Elves of Oberon
1418:
1411:
1371:Krewe of Freret
1328:Le Krewe d'Etat
1324:Krewe of Hermes
1284:Parading Krewes
1278:
1237:
1210:Old Line Krewes
1204:
1198:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1150:April 29, 2020.
1148:New York Times,
1140:
1138:Further reading
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355:1942β1945 β WAR
286:1918β1919 β WAR
252:
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185:palmetto leaves
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131:and its unique
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1704:Krewe of Venus
1702:
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1696:
1693:
1692:Krewe of Orion
1690:
1687:
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1681:
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1668:Krewe of Atlas
1666:
1663:
1662:Krewe of Arabi
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1616:El Lucha Krewe
1614:
1609:
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1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:Dancing Krewes
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1517:Walking Krewes
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1489:
1488:
1487:Krewe of Janus
1485:
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1458:
1455:
1450:
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1443:The Arthurians
1441:
1440:The Harlequins
1438:
1437:The Atlanteans
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1421:
1413:
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1394:
1391:
1390:Krewe of Oshun
1388:
1385:
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1348:
1343:
1340:
1338:Krewe of Tucks
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1310:Krewe of Muses
1307:
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1297:
1294:
1292:Krewe du Vieux
1288:
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1279:
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1266:Krewe of Thoth
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1155:External links
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15:
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1398:
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1383:Krewe of Alla
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1275:Krewe of Iris
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811:. New Orleans
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658:
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583:Queen of Zulu
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250:Kings of Zulu
247:
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230:French Market
220:
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118:
115:each year on
114:
110:
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94:
85:
79:
75:
68:
67:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
1607:610 Stompers
1417:Non-Parading
1408:Krewe BohΓ©me
1351:Krewe of OAK
1345:
1243:Super Krewes
1147:
1127:
1121:
1111:February 13,
1109:. Retrieved
1104:
1094:
1084:February 13,
1082:. Retrieved
1077:
1067:
1057:February 11,
1055:. Retrieved
1050:
1040:
1030:February 10,
1028:. Retrieved
1023:
1013:
1003:February 10,
1001:. Retrieved
996:
986:
974:. Retrieved
971:www.nola.com
970:
960:
948:. Retrieved
943:
933:
921:. Retrieved
916:
906:
894:. Retrieved
889:
879:
867:. Retrieved
862:
852:
840:. Retrieved
835:
825:
815:February 10,
813:. Retrieved
806:
783:February 11,
781:. Retrieved
777:the original
772:
769:"Zulu Kings"
763:
751:. Retrieved
746:
722:. Retrieved
718:
708:
700:
692:
683:
673:
661:. Retrieved
656:
652:
642:
630:. Retrieved
625:
616:
586:
253:
244:
241:King of Zulu
226:
223:Zulu coconut
217:
210:
205:
197:
195:
192:
189:
177:spring wagon
161:grass skirts
156:
153:vaudevillian
146:
129:grass skirts
112:
100:
99:
27:Abbreviation
18:
1200:Parades at
113:Zulu parade
82:kreweofzulu
30:Zulu S.A.P.
1742:Categories
1612:The Sirens
1560:Mondo Kayo
946:. nola.com
697:Deja Krewe
663:October 2,
609:References
117:Mardi Gras
1051:WDSU News
976:March 31,
950:March 31,
923:March 31,
896:March 31,
869:March 31,
842:March 31,
753:March 31,
724:April 13,
254:Source:
213:blackface
202:stating:
181:tree moss
35:Formation
1105:NOLA.com
1024:NOLA.com
997:NOLA.com
598:Carnival
592:See also
567:COVID-19
169:lard-can
63:Location
1715:Related
1566:tit RΙx
1449:Mystery
1078:WGNO TV
632:July 9,
367:1949 β
173:scepter
143:History
77:Website
43: (
1722:Throws
165:tramps
133:throw
125:krewe
1113:2024
1086:2024
1059:2024
1032:2024
1005:2024
978:2018
952:2018
925:2018
898:2018
871:2018
844:2018
817:2024
785:2024
755:2018
726:2015
665:2011
634:2018
626:WGNO
183:and
84:.com
53:Type
45:1916
38:1916
1228:Rex
684:CNN
107:in
1744::
1103:.
1076:.
1049:.
1022:.
995:.
969:.
942:.
915:.
888:.
861:.
834:.
805:.
793:^
771:.
745:.
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699:.
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655:.
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927:.
900:.
873:.
846:.
819:.
787:.
757:.
728:.
686:.
667:.
657:9
636:.
47:)
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