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1512:, was dismissed for "telling a radio station that Roca deserved praise for putting Indians to flight and opening Argentina's frontier to European settlers". Argentine news sources, however, report Juan José Cresto lost his job for being abusive and violent towards employees and Beatriz Horn was dismissed due primarily to her praise for the military dictator
605:, but found it difficult to escape as the animals slowed their march. They had to confront the patrolling units that followed them. As the war continued, some Indians eventually signed peace treaties and settled among the "Christians" behind the lines of forts. Some tribes allied with the Argentine government, being neutral or, less often, fighting for the
1876:"para la colonización el fondo del país, se hizo un raid contra estos pobres inofensivos hijos de la naturaleza y muchas tribus fueron borradas de la existencia. Los argentinos dejaron sueltos los perros de la guerra contra ellos; muchos fueron muertos y el resto –hombres, mujeres y niños- fueron deportados por mar"
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alleged in 2011 that two education officials lost their jobs due to the controversy concerning the
Conquest of the Desert: It reported that Juan José Cresto was forced to resign as a director of the Argentine National Historical Museum because he "said the Indians were violent parasites who attacked
448:
After
Argentina achieved independence in 1816, the provinces had numerous political conflicts. Once these were settled, the government wanted to occupy quickly the lands claimed by the young republic (in part to prevent Chile from enforcing its claim to the same land). It also wanted to increase the
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moved in and developed the lands through irrigation for agriculture, converting the territory into an extremely productive area that contributed to the status of
Argentina as a great exporter of agricultural products during the early 20th century. The conquest was paralleled by a similar campaign in
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Apologists perceive the campaign as intending to conquer specifically those
Indigenous groups who refused to submit to Argentine law and frequently performed brutal attacks on frontier civilian settlements. In these attacks, the Natives stole many horses and cattle, killed settlers defending their
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On 17 February 1883, Lieutenant-Colonel Juan Díaz, commanding a 16-man
Argentine infantry detachment, was trailing a war party of 100 to 150 Indians. Upon reaching Pulmarí Valley, they were surrounded by the Indians and about 50 Chilean soldiers. Much outnumbered, the Argentine soldiers skillfully
778:
To counteract the
Argentine conquest of Patagonia, the Chileans supplied arms, ammunition and horses to their Indian allies the Mapuches. On 16 January 1883, a 10-man section of a platoon of the Argentine Army in pursuit of a large Indian war party, ran into an ambush in the Pulmarí Valley set by
1491:"for the colonisation of the bottom of the country, a raid was made against these poor harmless children of nature, and many tribes were wiped out of existence. The Argentines let loose the dogs of war against them; many were killed and the rest - men, women and children - were deported by sea".
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and traded them for goods. The historian George V. Rauch notes evidence that
Chilean authorities knew about the origin of the cattle and consented to the trading in order to strengthen their influence over Patagonian territories. They expected eventually to occupy those lands in the future.
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raising. This use displaced most of the animals hunted traditionally by the natives and they struggled to survive. The
Indians fought those in the towns, raiding many cattle and horses that altered Native homelands. In retaliation, the Spanish colonists built forts and performed attacks.
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Our self-respect as a virile people obliges us to put down as soon as possible, by reason or by force, this handful of savages who destroy our wealth and prevent us from definitely occupying, in the name of law, progress and our own security, the richest and most fertile lands of the
1858:. Quote: "It is this sudden acceleration, this abrupt change from the discourse of 'defensive warfare' and 'merciful civilization' to that of 'offensive warfare' and of genocide, which is perhaps the most distinctive mark of the literature of the Argentine frontier."
440:
was the boundary between the civilizations. Due to land loss and environmental devastation caused by cattle, many
Indians were forced to abandon their tribes to work on the farms. Some assimilated or intermarried with the caucasian population. The mixed race
736:). The campaign continued to push the Indian resistance further south, fighting the last battle on 18 October 1884. The last rebel group, with more than 3,000 warriors commanded by chieftains Inacayal and Foyel, surrendered two months later in present
1487:. First-hand accounts state that Argentine troops killed prisoners and committed "mass executions". The 15,000 Natives taken captive "became servants or prisoners and were prevented from having children." The Argentine Republic in
80:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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outfought their attackers, including a bayonet charge mounted by the
Chilean detachment. On 21 February 1883, according to Argentine Army Major Manuel Prado, 150-200 Indians armed with Winchesters and
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had to cross the Andes and establish livestock operations. As a result, a number of Chilean-owned companies were established in Argentina. They imported workers from Chile, mostly people from the
598:("trench of Alsina"). It was supposed to be a fortified border to the unconquered territories. Three metres wide and two metres deep, it served as an obstacle to cattle drives by the Indians.
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rifles attacked an Argentine Army detachment operating on the Argentine-Chilean border. In a four-hour engagement, 22 Argentine soldiers were killed or wounded at a cost of some 100 warriors.
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1519:
During recent years, Mapuche activist groups and other activist organizations have criticised the representation of Roca in official state imagery. A statue of Roca in the civic center of
609:. In return, they were granted periodical shipments of cattle and food. After Alsina died in 1877, Julio Argentino Roca was appointed Minister of War, and decided to change the strategy.
587:, and other towns and farms. The casualties were greater than in 1872: Catriel and Namuncurá's forces killed 400 settlers, captured another 300, and drove off 300,000 head of cattle.
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Numerous armed encounters would follow, until by December 1878, more than 4,000 Indians had been captured and 400 killed, 150 settlers freed, and 15,000 head of cattle recovered.
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Chilean soldiers. In the engagement that followed, Argentine Captain Emilio Crouzeilles, along with Lieutenant Nicolas Lazcano and several privates, were killed.
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in two months, after killing 1,313 Indians and capturing more than 15,000. From other points, southbound companies made their way down to the Rio Negro and the
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clashed with a native war party at the Lihué Calel heights. In a brief but intense battle, 50 Indians were killed, 270 captured, and 33 settlers were freed.
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511:. They killed 300 settlers and drove off 200,000 head of cattle. These events were a catalyst for the government to mount the Conquest of the Desert.
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region coordinated offensives to try to exterminate the resistant indigenous tribes, but only Rosas's expedition achieved some success. By this time
83:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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564:, presented the government with a plan which he later described as having the goal "to populate the desert, and not to destroy the Indians."
1774:"Relaciones de dependencia entre trabajadores y empresas chilenas situadas en el extranjero. San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina (1895-1920)"
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1776:[Dependence Relationships between Workers and Chilean Companies located abroad. San Car-los de Bariloche, Argentina (1895-1920)].
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by continuous and systematic attacks on the Indian settlements. On 6 December 1878, elements of the Puán Division commanded by Colonel
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dividing the colonial farms and the Indian territories gradually moved outwards from Buenos Aires. At the end of the 18th century, the
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Juan José Catriel. But he violated it a brief time later, as together with chieftain Manuel Namuncurá and 3,500 warriors, he attacked
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Literary scholar Jens Andermann has noted that contemporary sources on the campaign conclude that the Conquest was intended by the
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The Argentine Military and the Boundary Dispute With Chile, 1870-1902, George V. Rauch, p. 45, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999
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412:(also known as the Pampas). Spaniards had purchased the Buenos Aires hinterland from the local Indians to be used for
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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on his way south to protect the conquered territories. He also constructed the 374 km long trench named the
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Many European-Argentinian settlements were built in the basin of these two rivers, as well as a number on the
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At the end of 1878 he started the first sweep to "clean" the area between the Alsina trench and the
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believed that the only solution against the Indian threat was to extinguish, subdue or expel them.
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The Indians continued taking cattle from farms in the Buenos Aires Province and south of the
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in 1845, which threatened the Argentine claims in Patagonia. Later in 1861, Chile began the
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is a frequent site for protests and graffiti by local Amerindian activist organizations.
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trade with indigenous communities east of the Andes. This meant the leather merchants in
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The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 15, No. 2 (May, 1935), pp. 195–228
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national agricultural production and offer new lands to prospective immigrants.
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as soon as possible, and ordered a campaign during 1881 commanded by Colonel
571:(fortresses) with telegraph lines. The government signed a peace treaty with
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during the 1870s and 1880s with the intention of establishing dominance over
678:. This attack resulted in a large migration of Mapuche into the zone around
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2024:"Protesta mapuche: cubren con un "kultrún" la estatua de Roca en Bariloche"
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During the 1880s the Argentine advances effectively disrupted Chileans and
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2075:"Effective occupation of the Patagonic region by the Argentine government"
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during the 16th century resulted in the first confrontations between the
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Map of the advance of the Argentina frontier until the establishment of
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1831:
The Argentine Military and the Boundary Dispute With Chile, 1870-1902,
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The Argentine Military and the Boundary Dispute With Chile, 1870-1902,
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717:. He thought it was imperative to conquer the territory south of the
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1819:
Historia de las misiones salesianas en La Pampa, República Argentina
1583:"Mano a mano con Bayer: "Roca restableció la esclavitud en el país""
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2136:(The War against the Indians), Editorial Claridad SA, Buenos Aires
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farms and kidnapped women" and Beatriz Horn, a history teacher in
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Alsina attacked the Indians, forcing them to retreat, and leaving
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Forts and fortlets in the Pampas before the Coquest of the Desert
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Argentine Literature and the 'Conquest of the Desert', 1872-1896
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1937:"Museo Histórico: hay polémica por el regreso del ex director"
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State Building and Political Movements in Argentina, 1860-1916
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Congresso nacional de Historia sobre la Conquista del desierto
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in Buenos Aires Province and other military commanders in the
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2118:: Argentina's Indigenous Peoples and the Battle for History (
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by Juan José Cresto, Osvaldo Bayer and others - ElOrtiba.org
2086:- Olimpiadas Nacionales de Contenidos Educativos en Internet
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1821:, Volume 1, Lorenzo Massa, p. 169, Editorial Don Bosco, 1967
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1999:"Pueblo Mapuche - Bs As: Quieren sacar el monumento a Roca"
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1809:
Nicholas Van der Bijl, David Aldea, p.29, Leo Cooper, 2003
1645:"Argentinian founding father recast as genocidal murderer"
1833:
George V. Rauch, p. 49, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999
1626:
George V. Rauch, p. 47, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999
662:, in 1879 General Roca began the second sweep, reaching
2066:"Economical consequences of the Conquest of the Desert"
1974:"En Bariloche buscan que se retire el monumento a Roca"
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and as a defense against attacks by the natives, while
1716:
Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide
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livestock, and captured women and children to become
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Roca was elected and succeeded Nicolás Avellaneda as
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The first phase was to connect Buenos Aires and the
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The Indians drove the stolen cattle from the raids (
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480:in their central region. This indigenous tribe had
1778:Trashumante: Revista Americana de Historia Social
1619:
1617:
1615:
1563:Population history of American indigenous peoples
2682:
1917:Captive Women: Oblivion And Memory In Argentina,
445:developed from those who worked on the ranches.
2746:Genocide of indigenous peoples of South America
1771:
1703:The Argentine Military and the Boundary Dispute
1665:The Argentine Military and the Boundary Dispute
1612:
499:and his 6,000 warriors attacked the cities of
484:to the nomadic tribes on the east side of the
98:accompanying your translation by providing an
64:Click for important translation instructions.
56:expand this article with text translated from
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1456:
1767:
1765:
1841:
1839:
1807:5th Infantry Brigade in the Falklands 1982,
432:As more settlers developed properties, the
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1603:
1463:
1449:
27:1870s–1884 Argentine campaign in Patagonia
2701:19th-century colonization of the Americas
2093:"La Guerra del Desierto", different views
1762:
1499:and/or forced brides of Indian warriors.
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1907:Erika Wittekind, p. 67, ABDO, 01/09/2011
1867:
1836:
616:
544:
532:
419:
408:and the local Indian tribes, mainly the
355:Argentine troops killed more than 1,000
110:{{Translated|es|Conquista del Desierto}}
1642:
1267:Population transfer in the Soviet Union
30:For the 1953 Jerusalem exhibition, see
14:
2696:Military campaigns involving Argentina
2683:
1638:
1636:
1634:
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762:established the trading post and shop
2165:
1677:"Reseña sobre la historia de Neuquén"
728:Within a year Villegas conquered the
528:
336:campaign directed mainly by General
38:
2154:effect on colonization in Patagonia
1629:
1006:Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
658:With 6,000 soldiers armed with new
32:Conquest of the Desert (exhibition)
24:
2564:Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia
2045:
1953:
1905:Argentina: Countries of the World,
1553:Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia
890:Atrocities in the Congo Free State
612:
495:In 1872, the indigenous commander
400:and the foundation of the city of
368:. The Conquest is controversial:
25:
2762:
2716:Ethnic cleansing in South America
2461:Federación Mapuche de Estudiantes
1980:(in European Spanish). 2004-10-13
1643:Carroll, Rory (13 January 2011).
773:
708:
482:strong language and cultural ties
212:Argentine annexation of Patagonia
2731:History of Argentina (1852–1880)
2665:
2664:
2232:
1593:from the original on 2021-06-24.
1430:Bibliography of genocide studies
1033:American Indian boarding schools
766:in 1895, from which the city of
621:The changing state of Argentina.
303:
292:
281:
227:
142:
43:
2054:"Nicolás Avellaneda", biography
2016:
1991:
1966:
1947:
1929:
1910:
1898:
1881:
1861:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1772:Muñoz Sougarret, Jorge (2014).
1737:
1277:Swedification of Sámi and Finns
660:breech-loading Remington rifles
2120:University of New Mexico Press
1856:Birkbeck, University of London
1720:University of California Press
1714:Quoted from: Kenneth M. Roth.
1708:
1695:
1670:
1657:
1597:
1575:
1479:government to exterminate the
1043:Great Plains smallpox epidemic
755:. It was in this context that
108:You may also add the template
13:
1:
2471:Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche
2030:(in Spanish). 12 October 2017
1924:University of Minnesota Press
1753:– Ministry of Culture of the
1568:
1218:Vietnamese conquest of Champa
1023:Genocide in the United States
387:
2451:Consejo de Todas las Tierras
1262:Norwegianization of the Sámi
989:Yanomami humanitarian crisis
972:Forced sterilization in Peru
361:Settlers of European descent
7:
2559:Desert Campaign (1833–1834)
2534:Araucanization of Patagonia
2456:Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
2191:
2132:New edition: Manuel Prado:
1548:Occupation of the Araucanía
1543:Araucanization of Patagonia
1526:
1483:, and can be classified as
1425:Outline of genocide studies
1368: Canary Islands
1272:Russian conquest of Siberia
1171:Cultural genocide in Taiwan
1152:East, South, Southeast Asia
522:Rastrillada de los chilenos
488:, with whom they share the
10:
2767:
2125:Commandante Manuel Prado:
2116:The Conquest of the Desert
2114:Larson, Carolyne R. (ed).
2107:The Conquest of the Desert
1868:Canclini, Arnoldo (1980).
72:Machine translation, like
29:
2726:19th century in Argentina
2662:
2489:
2443:
2372:
2241:
2230:
2199:
1893:Stanford University Press
352:expansion in the region.
344:, inhabited primarily by
274:
220:
165:
141:
136:
58:the corresponding article
2751:Wars involving Argentina
1349:West Asia / North Africa
1314:Australian frontier wars
1188: of Hokkaido
2574:Occupation of Araucanía
2157:Encyclopædia Britannica
2077:- Universidad del CEMA
2068:- Universidad del CEMA
1784:: 74–95. Archived from
1400:Western Sahara conflict
1385: accusation
1378:Pacification of Algeria
1245: of Ireland
1119:Occupation of Araucanía
1109:Massacre of Salsipuedes
625:In contrast to Alsina,
520:) to Chile through the
474:occupation of Araucanía
366:Occupation of Araucanía
119:For more guidance, see
2721:Conflicts in Argentina
2706:19th-century conflicts
2691:Conquest of the Desert
2569:Conquest of the Desert
2554:Camino de los chilenos
2150:Conquest-of-the-Desert
2084:"Campaña del Desierto"
1744:"Poblamiento Pampeano"
1164:Chittagong Hill Tracts
957:Conquest of the Desert
791:Historical controversy
642:
639:Julio Argentino Roca,
622:
557:, Minister of War for
550:
542:
429:
330:Conquista del desierto
329:
322:Conquest of the Desert
275:Commanders and leaders
149:Conquest of the Desert
137:Conquest of the Desert
2466:Mapuche football team
1956:"Actualidad nacional"
1309:Genocide in Australia
1231:Europe and North Asia
1208:Sinicization of Tibet
1193:Lamey Island Massacre
1166: conflict
1080:Genocide in Venezuela
916: genocide
811:of indigenous peoples
631:
620:
548:
536:
423:
396:on the shores of the
121:Knowledge:Translation
92:copyright attribution
2444:Extant organizations
1686:, Government of the
1533:American Indian Wars
1435:Genocides in history
1383:Palestinian genocide
1243:Cromwellian conquest
1053:Osage Indian murders
1028:American Indian Wars
1018:Genocide in Paraguay
967:Fall of Tenochtitlan
627:Julio Argentino Roca
454:Juan Manuel de Rosas
338:Julio Argentino Roca
288:Julio Argentino Roca
158:Julio Argentino Roca
2509:Battle of the Maule
2314:Rüxafe (silverwork)
2105:Hasbrouck, Alfred.
1960:www.lagaceta.com.ar
1604:Félix Luna (1989).
1238:Circassian genocide
1186:Japanese annexation
1181:East Timor genocide
1092:Guatemalan genocide
1068:Sullivan Expedition
1063:Sand Creek massacre
1038:California genocide
1011:Residential schools
926:Maji Maji Rebellion
870:Indigenous response
860:Settler colonialism
841:Forced assimilation
505:Veinticinco de Mayo
392:The arrival of the
2736:1870s in Argentina
2134:La guerra al Malón
2127:La guerra al Malón
1749:2005-12-27 at the
1682:2006-05-01 at the
1324:Stolen Generations
1203:Ryukyu Disposition
1159:Bandanese massacre
1001:Beothuk extinction
996:Genocide in Canada
984:Genocide in Brazil
901:Effacer le tableau
883:Sub-Saharan Africa
753:Chiloé Archipelago
623:
562:Nicolás Avellaneda
551:
543:
430:
424:Mapuches during a
374:civilising mission
346:indigenous peoples
334:Argentine military
156:(fragment showing
153:Juan Manuel Blanes
100:interlanguage link
2741:1875 in Argentina
2678:
2677:
2658:
2657:
2635:Las Canoas (1793)
2481:Weichán Auka Mapu
2142:978-950-620-206-4
1895:, 2002, pp. 93-94
1755:la Pampa Province
1538:Selk'nam genocide
1514:Leopoldo Galtieri
1510:La Pampa Province
1481:indigenous tribes
1473:
1472:
1361:Bar Kokhba revolt
1356:Armenian genocide
1129:Selk'nam genocide
1124:Putumayo genocide
1097:Kalinago genocide
760:Carlos Weiderhold
529:Alsina's campaign
394:Spanish colonists
372:describe it as a
364:Chile termed the
318:
317:
216:
215:
202:Argentine victory
132:
131:
65:
16:(Redirected from
2758:
2668:
2667:
2590:
2589:
2584:Mapuche conflict
2514:Spanish invasion
2236:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2003:Barilochense.com
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1978:Diario Río Negro
1970:
1964:
1963:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1943:. 25 March 2002.
1933:
1927:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1865:
1859:
1843:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1723:
1722:, 2002. Page 45.
1712:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1688:Neuquén Province
1674:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1640:
1627:
1621:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1579:
1558:Napalpí massacre
1465:
1458:
1451:
1384:
1367:
1331:Moriori genocide
1244:
1187:
1176:Dzungar genocide
1165:
1114:Napalpí massacre
948:
915:
836:Ethnic relations
831:Ethnic cleansing
812:
795:
794:
732:(he reached the
730:Neuquén Province
723:Conrado Villegas
640:
603:Mendoza Province
314:Manuel Namuncurá
310:Conrado Villegas
308:
307:
306:
297:
296:
295:
286:
285:
284:
233:
231:
230:
167:
166:
146:
134:
133:
111:
105:
78:Google Translate
63:
47:
46:
39:
21:
18:Manuel Namuncurá
2766:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2654:
2588:
2549:Guerra a muerte
2485:
2439:
2368:
2237:
2228:
2195:
2190:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2048:
2046:Further reading
2043:
2042:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1882:
1866:
1862:
1846:Andermann, Jens
1844:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1788:on 25 July 2014
1770:
1763:
1757:
1751:Wayback Machine
1742:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1684:Wayback Machine
1675:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1641:
1630:
1622:
1613:
1602:
1598:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1529:
1469:
1440:
1439:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:Yazidi genocide
1373:Libyan genocide
1366:Conquest of the
1351:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1299:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1251:Generalplan Ost
1233:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1143:
952:
951:
946:
936:
935:
914:Herero and Nama
895:Darfur genocide
885:
884:
810:
808:
793:
776:
738:Chubut Province
711:
699:Welsh colonists
641:
638:
615:
613:Roca's campaign
596:zanja de Alsina
539:zanja de Alsina
531:
470:Magellan Strait
398:Río de la Plata
390:
304:
302:
301:
293:
291:
290:
282:
280:
237:
228:
226:
208:
194:
160:, at the front)
147:
128:
127:
126:
109:
103:
66:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2650:Coz Coz (1907)
2647:
2642:
2640:Tapihue (1825)
2637:
2632:
2630:Negrete (1793)
2627:
2625:Negrete (1726)
2622:
2620:Malloco (1671)
2617:
2612:
2610:Quillín (1647)
2607:
2605:Quillín (1641)
2602:
2600:Paicaví (1612)
2596:
2594:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2373:Related groups
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2123:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2028:www.clarin.com
2015:
1990:
1965:
1946:
1941:www.clarin.com
1928:
1909:
1897:
1880:
1860:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1780:(in Spanish).
1761:
1736:
1724:
1707:
1701:Rauch (1999),
1694:
1669:
1663:Rauch (1999),
1656:
1628:
1611:
1596:
1587:Diario Jornada
1573:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1418:Related topics
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:Papua conflict
1333:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:Greek genocide
1254:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:Taíno genocide
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:Pemon conflict
1077:
1076:
1075:
1073:Trail of Tears
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1048:Indian removal
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
993:
992:
991:
981:
980:
979:
969:
964:
959:
953:
943:
942:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
911:
904:
897:
892:
886:
882:
881:
880:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
872:
867:
857:
855:Historiography
852:
847:
838:
833:
828:
820:
819:
815:
814:
804:
803:
792:
789:
775:
774:Border clashes
772:
757:German Chilean
749:Southern Chile
745:German Chilean
710:
709:Final campaign
707:
676:Atlantic Ocean
650:Teodoro García
636:
614:
611:
607:Argentine Army
530:
527:
509:Nueve de Julio
501:General Alvear
389:
386:
316:
315:
312:
299:Teodoro García
277:
276:
272:
271:
270:
269:
264:
259:
246:
223:
222:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
181:
179:
175:
174:
171:
163:
162:
139:
138:
130:
129:
125:
124:
117:
106:
84:
81:
70:
67:
53:
52:
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2763:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2661:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Toltén (1869)
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:1881 uprising
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:1766 uprising
2542:
2540:
2539:1723 uprising
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Inca invasion
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1920:Susana Rotker
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1887:Rock, David.
1884:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1689:
1685:
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1660:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:Gaza genocide
1386:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
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1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
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1078:
1074:
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1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
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1031:
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1026:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
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994:
990:
987:
986:
985:
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932:
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910:
909:
905:
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902:
898:
896:
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891:
888:
887:
879:
878:
871:
868:
866:
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858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
821:
817:
816:
813:
806:
805:
801:
797:
796:
788:
786:
785:Martini–Henry
780:
771:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:Neuquén River
665:
661:
656:
653:
651:
647:
635:
630:
628:
619:
610:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
560:
556:
555:Adolfo Alsina
547:
540:
535:
526:
523:
519:
518:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
490:same language
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
446:
444:
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435:
427:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
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379:
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371:
367:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
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335:
331:
327:
323:
313:
311:
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289:
279:
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273:
268:
265:
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260:
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236:
225:
224:
219:
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184:
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115:
107:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
69:
68:
61:
59:
54:You can help
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2669:
2615:Boroa (1651)
2568:
2133:
2126:
2109:
2097:(in Spanish)
2088:(in Spanish)
2079:(in Spanish)
2070:(in Spanish)
2061:(in Spanish)
2058:Felipe Pigna
2032:. Retrieved
2027:
2018:
2007:. Retrieved
2005:(in Spanish)
2002:
1993:
1982:. Retrieved
1977:
1968:
1959:
1954:Gaceta, La.
1949:
1940:
1931:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1850:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:the original
1781:
1777:
1758:(in Spanish)
1739:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1691:(in Spanish)
1672:
1664:
1659:
1650:The Guardian
1648:
1623:
1605:
1599:
1586:
1577:
1518:
1504:The Guardian
1502:
1501:
1493:
1474:
1304:Blackbirding
1281:
1249:
1213:Sōshi-kaimei
1101:
956:
906:
899:
843: /
781:
777:
763:
742:
727:
712:
697:, mainly by
695:Chubut River
691:Rio Colorado
688:
664:Choele Choel
657:
654:
643:
632:
624:
600:
591:
589:
577:Tres Arroyos
568:
566:
552:
515:
513:
494:
466:Punta Arenas
464:had founded
451:
447:
438:Salado River
431:
402:Buenos Aires
391:
378:revisionists
354:
321:
319:
248:
221:Belligerents
173:1870s – 1884
155:
148:
96:edit summary
87:
55:
36:
2593:Parliaments
2476:Wallmapuwen
2354:We Tripantu
1134:Spiral case
962:Enslavement
908:Gukurahundi
770:developed.
734:Limay River
380:label it a
207:Territorial
2685:Categories
2519:Arauco War
2410:Promaucaes
2249:Aillarehue
2217:Placenames
2212:Mapudungun
2034:2020-04-13
2009:2020-04-13
1984:2020-04-13
1569:References
1103:La Matanza
1058:Pequot War
977:Plan Verde
944:Americas (
845:conversion
764:La Alemana
680:Curarrehue
388:Background
370:apologists
267:Pehuenches
262:Tehuelches
60:in Spanish
2435:Tehuelche
2405:Pehuenche
2395:Mapochoes
2390:Huilliche
2294:Mythology
2259:Chemamull
2254:Butalmapu
2224:Tsesungún
2207:Huilliche
1922:, p. 32,
1792:3 January
1521:Bariloche
1489:Patagonia
1477:Argentine
1319:Black War
1198:Manchukuo
768:Bariloche
719:Rio Negro
715:president
686:, Chile.
646:Rio Negro
634:Republic.
573:chieftain
559:President
553:In 1875,
497:Calfucurá
452:In 1833,
342:Patagonia
332:) was an
257:Ranqueles
243:Tehuelche
235:Argentina
187:Patagonia
114:talk page
2671:Category
2420:Picunche
2380:Boroanos
2359:Wenufoye
2344:Weichafe
2324:Textiles
2319:Religion
2299:Polygamy
2289:Military
2284:Medicine
2200:Language
2122:, 2020).
1747:Archived
1680:Archived
1606:Soy Roca
1591:Archived
1589:. 2014.
1527:See also
1485:genocide
1283:Vergonha
865:Genocide
809:Genocide
800:a series
798:Part of
703:y Wladfa
637:—
592:fortines
569:fortines
434:frontier
410:Querandí
382:genocide
357:Mapuches
183:Puelmapu
178:Location
90:provide
2711:Mapuche
2524:Slavery
2491:History
2430:Ranquel
2415:Puelche
2400:Moluche
2364:Wünelfe
2242:Culture
2193:Mapuche
2148:Staff,
1705:, p. 42
1667:, p. 43
1297:Oceania
947:history
931:Mfecane
826:Ecocide
674:to the
517:malones
478:Mapuche
443:gauchos
406:Spanish
350:Chilean
326:Spanish
252:tribes
250:Mapuche
239:Mapuche
209:changes
112:to the
94:in the
2499:Origin
2385:Cuncos
2349:Werkén
2140:
1926:, 2002
1497:slaves
850:Denial
818:Issues
581:Tandil
414:cattle
245:allies
232:
199:Result
191:Pampas
2529:Malón
2339:Wampu
2334:Ulmen
2304:Rehue
2279:Machi
2274:Lonko
2264:Kalku
2129:1907
1395:Sayfo
921:Ikiza
684:Pucón
672:Andes
486:Andes
462:Chile
428:raid.
426:malón
151:, by
74:DeepL
2425:Poya
2329:Toki
2309:Ruka
2269:Kuel
2152:and
2138:ISBN
1794:2019
682:and
585:Azul
507:and
458:Cuyo
320:The
241:and
189:and
170:Date
88:must
86:You
2056:by
1848:.
701:at
468:in
76:or
62:.
2687::
2026:.
2001:.
1976:.
1958:.
1939:.
1891:.
1854:,
1838:^
1764:^
1727:^
1718:.
1647:.
1631:^
1614:^
1585:.
1516:.
802:on
740:.
725:.
705:.
583:,
579:,
503:,
492:.
384:.
328::
2185:e
2178:t
2171:v
2037:.
2012:.
1987:.
1962:.
1796:.
1782:3
1653:.
1608:.
1464:e
1457:t
1450:v
1391:)
1387:(
950:)
541:.
324:(
193:)
185:(
123:.
116:.
34:.
20:)
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