304:
536:
1512:
293:
500:
1437:
54:
458:
556:, he at one point pursued a moderate course to the point where Gomez Pedraza ended up as one of his ministers in December, 1838, but Gomez Pedraza resigned after only three days due to disagreements. He was however able to serve as Minister of Relations under Santa Anna in 1841, during a time when federalists hoped that the newly elected constitutional congress would reestablish the federalist constitution. Gomez Pedraza would actually be a part of that congress until it was dissolved by President
487:
fought over for four, assuring Gomez
Pedraza that he was free from being the tool of either. Gomez Pedraza noted how difficult it was going to be to assume the presidency and expressed hopes to reform the constitution, guarantee the people free elections, social rights, the right of petition, and to reorganize the military. He laid out a program expressing that the national will shall only be that which is expressed by means and manners laid out in the constitution and in the laws, and that all
626:
526:
He dissolved a large portion of the armed forces that had brought him to power and urged the legislatures to pass severe measures against the armed bands of outlaws that were interfering with commerce, travel, and agriculture. He handed power over to Gomez Farias on April 1, as president-elect Santa
515:
Upon assuming the presidency Gomez
Pedraza passed a decree expelling the Spaniards who had returned during the presidency of Bustamante. Lists of Spaniards in the cities were compiled, and a few exceptions were made such as for those Spaniards who had not taken active part in supporting Spain during
486:
who assured Gomez
Pedraza that this revolution had a popular character which the previous ones had lacked, that among his supporters were prominent men of all views, and free from partisan spirit. He described the pointless struggle that the two parties had engaged in now for six years and violently
511:
President
Anastasio Bustamante officially stepped down on December 24, 1832 through the Treaty of Zavaleta, and power passed to Gomez Pedraza. Santa Anna and Gomez Pedraza entered the capital on January 3, 1833 amidst public clamor and celebration. In one carriage was a painting portraying the
478:
After the overthrow of
Bustamante in 1832 through the Plan of Veracruz, the revolutionists resolved on inviting Gomez Pedraza back into the country to serve out the remaining months of the term he was first elected to in 1828. A commissioner was sent to go to the United States to convince Gomez
432:
Yorkino revolts against the results broke out at
Veracruz in September 1828, and at Mexico City, and they were significant enough to cause Gomez Pedraza to question the loyalty of the army. Gomez Pedraza vacillated as the revolutionaries made more gains, and he eventually decided to concede,
444:
on
October 1830, but the government of Anastasio Bustamante did not allow him to enter the country and he disembarked and headed for the United States, eventually settling in Pennsylvania. Here, he published a summary of his public life, attacking the government of Bustamante. Deputy
410:
Gomez
Pedraza belonged to the latter, but to a moderate branch of ‘imparciales’ which was made up of men loyal to the federal form of government, and which included both Yorkinos and Escoseses, and who launched Pedraza to the candidacy for the 1828 Presidential elections.
568:’s aim of seeking a diplomatic solution to the Texas problem, hoping to recognize its independence, while gaining concessions that would allow Mexico an honorable end to the decade long conflict, but this was interrupted by a coup led by
479:
Pedraza to return, but he initially declined. He was eventually convinced by the commissioners who argued that he could unite a nation that was relapsing into civil war. Gomez
Pedraza arrived in Veracruz at the beginning of November.
583:' efforts to nationalize church lands in the middle of the war. At the end of the war, as the Mexican government was based in Queretaro, Gomez Pedraza took part in the confidential consultory commissions, established by president
361:
and was an official in charge of militias during
Spanish rule. He was known for being very strict in following discipline and orders. During the war he was initially a royalist, and played a role in the defeat of the leading rebel
547:
After he stepped down he continued to be a member of the liberal federalist party, but Gomez Pedraza and his colleague Rodriguez Puebla were among those liberals who opposed President Gomez Farias’ efforts to assimilate Mexico’s
512:
Battle of Tampico, and an allegory of the Mexican nation was portrayed by a dressed up young girl, carrying on her right hand the portrait of Santa Anna. Another carriage had a young woman carrying a copy of the constitution
390:
in 1824, where he was accused of not being harsh enough during political insurrections, and of not having provided protection to several foreigners who were robbed. He survived these charges, and was called upon by President
563:
After the fall of Santa Anna in 1844, Gomez Pedraza was a member of the grand jury charged with trying Santa Anna after his capture, but the dictator was amnestied. Later as part of the senate he helped pursue President
2100:
1498:
366:, while fighting at the head of the Fieles de Potosi Batallion. Pedraza was loyal to Spain up until the very end of the war, being viewed as a very reliable by the hierarchy, and being recommended to the
2155:
1954:
1934:
614:
Shortly after he fell gravely ill with tuberculosis. He maintained lucidity on his deathbed and arranged his public affairs. He also asked not to receive a funeral. He died on May 14, 1851.
2140:
2439:
2170:
1627:
1617:
1491:
345:, which was disputed and led to riots at the capital, causing Gómez Pedraza to flee the country. He was eventually elevated to the presidency through a rebellion against president
2506:
2496:
1701:
1647:
1607:
1764:
2657:
2320:
2033:
429:, but Guerrero’s partisans alleged that Pedraza as minister of war used his influence to send military agents throughout the states to influence the election in his favor.
2840:
2563:
2223:
1769:
1577:
2288:
1807:
1484:
2228:
2218:
1691:
1652:
2145:
2135:
1974:
1812:
1657:
2637:
2410:
2360:
2647:
2627:
2538:
2256:
2195:
2165:
1681:
519:
As the constitution forbade presidents from being re-elected, Gomez Pedraza was not qualified to run in the elections of 1833, and he instead endorsed Santa Anna and
2548:
1900:
1711:
1602:
1582:
1572:
2476:
1882:
1802:
1632:
1597:
1587:
1567:
2815:
2110:
1984:
1979:
1686:
2543:
2486:
1959:
1817:
2605:
2298:
2011:
1939:
1909:
1914:
425:
The presidential elections at this time were decided by the state legislatures. Gomez Pedraza would be elected as the winner, defeating the rival candidate
2810:
2511:
2454:
2405:
2120:
2632:
2553:
2090:
1924:
1721:
1612:
1741:
2266:
2105:
2080:
2048:
1929:
1642:
2075:
1919:
1887:
1774:
1736:
2481:
2444:
2434:
2175:
2160:
1944:
1877:
1779:
1867:
2850:
2578:
2568:
2038:
1964:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1662:
2800:
2449:
2251:
2085:
2043:
1969:
2501:
2491:
2335:
1535:
1066:
2325:
590:
After the treaty of peace was established he returned to the capital and was a candidate for the presidential elections of 1850 but lost to
2805:
433:
resigning the ministry and leaving the country for France after which congress recognized the events and declared Guerrero president and
516:
the War of Independence. Vindictive measures were also taken against officials who had been a part of the Bustamante administration.
2790:
2830:
112:
2795:
2855:
2845:
1754:
1559:
1161:
569:
2150:
1059:
1858:
1454:
691:
663:
2701:
1464:
1420:
1075:
639:
2190:
2180:
2642:
2860:
2706:
1146:
1126:
483:
461:
2785:
1673:
1507:
1176:
1052:
553:
420:
342:
2533:
1272:
1121:
1036:
580:
520:
504:
104:
2835:
1622:
1156:
1026:
595:
565:
549:
2672:
1247:
2006:
1201:
407:
334:(22 April 1789 – 14 May 1851) was a Mexican general who also became president of Mexico during the
1312:
1191:
1395:
1360:
1096:
491:
made against the national will thus defined, shall be punished with the utmost severity of the law.
1267:
539:
As a known moderate, Pedraza would be invited to serve in the cabinet of the Conservative president
396:
2690:
1792:
1385:
1252:
1219:
2667:
1342:
1327:
254:
2558:
2125:
1234:
499:
473:
449:
condemned the government for not allowing Gomez Pedraza back into the country without due cause.
363:
2739:
2717:
2662:
2652:
1872:
1355:
1307:
1171:
2744:
2573:
2396:
1840:
1637:
1592:
1186:
603:
403:
383:
335:
1370:
446:
2293:
2024:
1292:
1224:
1415:
1375:
1166:
535:
2825:
2820:
2618:
2596:
2524:
1365:
1350:
1106:
576:
540:
465:
434:
371:
346:
280:
1731:
1302:
1151:
8:
2467:
2423:
2330:
1449:
1390:
1337:
1322:
1317:
1297:
1277:
69:
1136:
2351:
2311:
2279:
2241:
2208:
1086:
392:
133:
1543:
1511:
1410:
1380:
1282:
1131:
1111:
1019:
92:
2750:
2115:
2061:
1845:
1460:
1425:
1332:
1287:
1211:
687:
659:
599:
584:
1257:
1229:
1196:
358:
53:
2346:
1949:
1091:
457:
426:
367:
2070:
1262:
1242:
1141:
2095:
1400:
488:
2755:
2261:
2185:
1206:
2712:
2695:
2130:
1835:
1181:
591:
297:
2583:
1101:
145:
2779:
1476:
631:
557:
523:
who eventually would be elected president and vice president respectively.
468:
in 1832 which paved the way for Manuel Gómez Pedraza to reach the presidency
587:. Gomez Pedraza himself belonging to the commission of foreign relations.
20:
579:
he was a part of the council of state, and he tried to restrain President
258:
1405:
270:
1997:
1044:
374:, and he was stationed in Mexico City during the empire’s last days.
308:
503:
Towards the end of his term, Pedraza endorsed the Liberal candidate
441:
552:. When Anastasio Bustamante returned to the presidency under the
24:
387:
370:
as meriting a promotion. He was a passionate supporter of the
572:
who was part of a faction of hardliners who preferred war.
402:
In this time of fierce partisan strife, between the liberal
386:, he was governor and commandant general of the State of
507:(pictured) who would go on to win the election of 1833.
2841:
Candidates in the 1828 Mexican presidential election
621:
881:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. pp. 168–169.
2777:
33: and the second or maternal family name is
2816:Members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
1506:
1492:
1060:
1001:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
996:
986:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
981:
971:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
966:
956:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
951:
941:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 170.
936:
926:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 170.
921:
911:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 169.
906:
896:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 169.
891:
876:
851:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 168.
846:
836:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 168.
831:
821:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 167.
816:
806:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 167.
801:
791:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 166.
786:
776:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 165.
771:
761:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 165.
756:
746:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 165.
741:
731:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 164.
726:
716:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 164.
711:
464:(pictured) led the revolt against President
440:Two years later Gomez Pedraza returned from
2811:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
2682:Heads of Government of the Federal District
598:commissioned him to conclude a treaty with
1499:
1485:
1067:
1053:
676:, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
52:
2615:Heads of the Federal District Department
2521:Heads of the Federal District Department
686:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985,
530:
82:24 December 1832 – 31 March 1833
1074:
861:
534:
527:Anna was not in the capital at the time
498:
456:
2851:19th-century Mexican military personnel
1789:Governors of the City Council of Mexico
1031:24 December 1832 – 31 March 1833
168:15 July 1825 – 9 February 1827
2801:Mexican secretaries of foreign affairs
2778:
2021:Governors of the Department of Mexico
1994:Governors of the Department of Mexico
2381:
1523:
1480:
1048:
864:History of Mexico volume V: 1824-1861
377:
125:8 January 1825 – 7 June 1825
16:President of Mexico from 1832 to 1833
602:regarding communications across the
395:to take be the Minister of War when
2806:Mexican secretaries of the interior
452:
414:
13:
2464:Governors of the Federal District
2420:Governors of the Federal District
2393:Governors of the Federal District
2308:Governors of the Federal District
2276:Governors of the Federal District
2238:Governors of the Federal District
2205:Governors of the Federal District
2058:Governors of the Federal District
1897:Governors of the Federal District
1855:Governors of the Federal District
999:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
984:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
969:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
954:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
939:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
924:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
909:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
894:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
879:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
849:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
834:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
819:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
804:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
789:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
774:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
759:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
744:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
729:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
714:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II
207:4 March – 3 December 1827
14:
2872:
2791:Mexican people of Spanish descent
1751:Governors of the Federal District
357:Manuel Gomez Pedraza was born in
2831:19th-century Mexican politicians
2382:
1510:
1435:
640:List of heads of state of Mexico
624:
332:Manuel Gómez Pedraza y Rodríguez
302:
291:
46:Manuel Gómez Pedraza y Rodríguez
2242:Government of Victoriano Huerta
990:
975:
960:
945:
930:
915:
900:
885:
870:
855:
840:
2796:Mexican secretaries of defense
1955:José María González de Mendoza
1935:José María González de Mendoza
997:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
982:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
967:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
952:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
937:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
922:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
907:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
892:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
877:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
862:Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1879).
847:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
832:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
825:
817:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
810:
802:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
795:
787:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
780:
772:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
765:
757:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
750:
742:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
735:
727:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
720:
712:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873).
705:
609:
594:. The government of President
482:He met with the leading rebel
1:
2593:Governor of Federal District
2191:Guillermo de Landa y Escandón
2181:Guillermo de Landa y Escandón
2171:Nicolás Island and Bustamante
1827:Head of the Federal District
1536:Before the formal declaration
1524:
658:, vol. 6. Mexico City, 1996,
645:
554:Centralist Republic of Mexico
494:
421:1828 Mexican general election
352:
2280:Constitutionalist Revolution
698:
23:, the first or paternal
7:
2707:Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez
2702:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1578:Francisco Molinos del Campo
1421:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1147:Francisco Javier Echeverría
1127:Antonio López de Santa Anna
617:
10:
2877:
2856:Politicians from Querétaro
2846:People from Querétaro City
2643:Alfonso Martínez Domínguez
2534:José Manuel Puig Casauranc
1765:José Guadalupe Covarrubias
1273:Francisco León de la Barra
682:Orozco Linares, Fernando,
471:
418:
113:Minister of War and Marine
18:
2726:
2681:
2673:Óscar Espinosa Villarreal
2614:
2592:
2520:
2463:
2419:
2392:
2388:
2377:
2352:Constitutional Government
2344:
2307:
2275:
2237:
2204:
2136:Carlos Pacheco Villalobos
2057:
2034:José del Villar Bocanegra
2020:
1993:
1896:
1854:
1826:
1788:
1750:
1671:
1557:
1534:
1530:
1519:
1444:
1433:
1396:Carlos Salinas de Gortari
1248:Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
1082:
1033:
1024:
1016:
1011:
654:"Gómez Pedraza, Manuel",
341:He had initially won the
325:
317:
286:
276:
264:
248:
243:
239:
229:
219:
211:
200:
190:
180:
172:
161:
151:
139:
129:
118:
110:
98:
86:
75:
67:
63:
58:Portrait of Pedraza, 1828
51:
44:
2638:Alfonso Corona del Rosal
2289:Alfredo Robles Domínguez
1808:Francisco Juárez Iriarte
1702:Miguel González Calderón
1648:José Gómez de la Cortina
1343:Abelardo Luján Rodríguez
674:México y sus gobernantes
2658:Ramón Aguirre Velázquez
2559:Vicente Estrada Cajigal
2549:Enrique Romero Courtade
2312:Conventional Government
2229:Federico González Garza
2219:Alberto García Granados
2126:Juan Crisostomo Bonilla
1692:José Fernando de Peredo
1653:Manuel Fernández Madrid
1623:José Joaquín de Herrera
1603:Augustine of F. Lebrija
1583:Juan Manuel de Elizalde
1573:Juan Manuel de Elizalde
1313:Francisco Lagos Cházaro
1192:Manuel María Lombardini
1157:José Joaquín de Herrera
596:José Joaquín de Herrera
566:José Joaquín de Herrera
474:Plan of Veracruz (1832)
2007:Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
1841:William Orlando Butler
1813:John M. Flores y Terán
1803:Manuel Reyes Veramendi
1658:Francisco García Conde
1268:Manuel González Flores
1187:Juan Bautista Ceballos
672:García Puron, Manuel,
656:Enciclopedia de México
604:Isthmus of Tehuantepec
575:During the subsequent
550:Indigenous Communities
544:
531:Later Political Career
508:
469:
397:Manuel de Mier y Terán
384:First Mexican Republic
336:First Mexican Republic
2861:People from New Spain
2727:Mayors of Mexico City
2668:Manuel Aguilera Gómez
2653:Carlos Hank González
2648:Octavio Gómez Senties
2628:Fernando Casas Germán
2294:Heriberto Jara Corona
2257:Samuel García Cuellar
2196:Samuel García Cuellar
2166:Pedro Rincón Gallardo
1985:Manuel Garcia Aguirre
1980:Miguel Maria Azcarate
1682:Agustín Vicente Eguia
1508:Mayors of Mexico City
1328:Plutarco Elías Calles
1293:Francisco S. Carvajal
1225:Manuel Robles Pezuela
1122:Valentín Gómez Farías
1037:Valentín Gómez Farías
684:Gobernantes de México
581:Valentín Gómez Farías
538:
521:Valentín Gómez Farías
505:Valentín Gómez Farías
502:
460:
406:and the conservative
268:14 May 1851 (aged 62)
255:Santiago de Querétaro
105:Valentín Gómez Farías
2786:Presidents of Mexico
2740:Miguel Ángel Mancera
2718:Miguel Ángel Mancera
2663:Manuel Camacho Solís
2487:Jorge Prieto Laurens
2477:Manuel Gómez Noriega
2397:Constitution of 1917
1960:John J. of the Heron
1901:Constitution of 1857
1883:Antonio Díaz Bonilla
1873:Pedro María de Anaya
1859:second reinstatement
1674:Department of Mexico
1549:Manuel Gómez Pedraza
1366:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
1361:Miguel Alemán Valdés
1356:Manuel Ávila Camacho
1308:Roque González Garza
1207:Juan Álvarez Hurtado
1172:Pedro María de Anaya
1117:Manuel Gómez Pedraza
1107:Anastasio Bustamante
1097:José María Bocanegra
1076:Presidents of Mexico
577:Mexican-American War
541:Anastasio Bustamante
466:Anastasio Bustamante
435:Anastasio Bustamante
372:First Mexican Empire
347:Anastasio Bustamante
2836:Governors of Puebla
2691:Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
2584:José Siurob Ramírez
2411:César López de Lara
2361:César López de Lara
2331:Vito Alessio Robles
2012:Francis G. Casanova
1940:Joseph S. Aramberri
1910:Augustine Alcerreca
1633:José Ignacio Esteva
1598:José Ignacio Esteva
1588:José Ignacio Esteva
1568:Jose María Mendivil
1450:President of Mexico
1391:Miguel de la Madrid
1386:José López Portillo
1371:Adolfo López Mateos
1338:Pascual Ortiz Rubio
1318:Adolfo de la Huerta
1298:Venustiano Carranza
1278:Francisco I. Madero
1253:José María Iglesias
1220:Félix María Zuloaga
1027:President of Mexico
543:(pictured) in 1838.
447:Andrés Quintana Roo
186:José Ignacio Esteva
157:José Ignacio Esteva
70:President of Mexico
2544:Lamberto Hernández
2512:Primo Villa Michel
2455:Manuel Rueda Magro
2406:Gonzalo de la Mata
1712:José María Barrera
1416:Enrique Peña Nieto
1376:Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
1235:José Ignacio Pavón
1167:José Mariano Salas
1087:Guadalupe Victoria
1012:Political offices
545:
509:
470:
393:Guadalupe Victoria
378:Governor of Puebla
364:José María Morelos
215:Guadalupe Victoria
176:Guadalupe Victoria
134:Guadalupe Victoria
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2751:Claudia Sheinbaum
2745:José Ramón Amieva
2633:Ernesto Uruchurtu
2606:Javier Rojo Gómez
2574:Aarón Sáenz Garza
2554:Lorenzo Hernandez
2507:Francisco Serrano
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2299:Juan Gutiérrez R.
2209:Madero Revolution
2116:Protasio G. Tagle
2101:José María Castro
2091:Gabino Bustamante
2062:Restored Republic
1925:Anastasio Parrodi
1846:Stephen W. Kearny
1732:Valentín Canalizo
1722:Francis O. Zarate
1672:Governors of the
1638:José María Tornel
1613:Francisco Fagoaga
1593:José María Tornel
1558:Governors of the
1474:
1473:
1461:Emperor of Mexico
1428:(President-elect)
1426:Claudia Sheinbaum
1333:Emilio Portes Gil
1303:Eulalio Gutiérrez
1288:Victoriano Huerta
1212:Ignacio Comonfort
1177:Manuel de la Peña
1152:Valentín Canalizo
1043:
1042:
1034:Succeeded by
600:Robert P. Letcher
585:Pedro Maria Anaya
329:
328:
2868:
2539:Crisóforo Ibáñez
2440:Arnulfo González
2390:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2347:Valley of Mexico
2267:Eduardo Iturbide
2156:Manuel Domínguez
2111:Joaquín A. Pérez
2106:Tiburcio Montiel
2081:Francis H. Velez
1950:Ponciano Arriaga
1915:Justin Fernández
1687:José María Icaza
1628:Ignacio Martínez
1618:Ignacio Martínez
1608:Miguel Cervantes
1560:Federal District
1532:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1439:
1438:
1137:José Justo Corro
1092:Vicente Guerrero
1069:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1017:Preceded by
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
994:
988:
987:
979:
973:
972:
964:
958:
957:
949:
943:
942:
934:
928:
927:
919:
913:
912:
904:
898:
897:
889:
883:
882:
874:
868:
867:
859:
853:
852:
844:
838:
837:
829:
823:
822:
814:
808:
807:
799:
793:
792:
784:
778:
777:
769:
763:
762:
754:
748:
747:
739:
733:
732:
724:
718:
717:
709:
681:
671:
653:
634:
629:
628:
627:
489:pronunciamientos
453:Plan of Veracruz
437:vice president
427:Vicente Guerrero
415:Election of 1828
399:stepped down.
343:election of 1828
313:
307:
306:
305:
296:
295:
294:
244:Personal details
232:
222:
205:
193:
183:
166:
154:
142:
123:
101:
89:
80:
56:
42:
41:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2761:
2728:
2722:
2683:
2677:
2616:
2610:
2594:
2588:
2522:
2516:
2482:Celestino Gasca
2465:
2459:
2445:Alfredo Breceda
2435:Alfredo Breceda
2421:
2415:
2394:
2384:
2365:
2349:
2340:
2321:Vicente Navarro
2309:
2303:
2277:
2271:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2176:Rafael Rebollar
2161:Manuel Terreros
2141:Ramón Fernández
2121:Agustín del Rio
2096:Alfredo Chavero
2059:
2053:
2022:
2016:
1995:
1989:
1945:Manuel Terreros
1898:
1892:
1878:Miguel Azcarate
1856:
1850:
1828:
1822:
1818:José Ramón Malo
1796:
1790:
1784:
1780:Jose Ramon Malo
1758:
1752:
1746:
1667:
1553:
1544:Melchor Múzquiz
1526:
1515:
1505:
1475:
1470:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1411:Felipe Calderón
1401:Ernesto Zedillo
1381:Luis Echeverría
1351:Lázaro Cárdenas
1347:
1283:Pedro Lascuráin
1239:
1216:
1162:Mariano Paredes
1132:Miguel Barragán
1112:Melchor Múzquiz
1078:
1073:
1039:
1030:
1022:
1020:Melchor Múzquiz
1007:
1006:
995:
991:
980:
976:
965:
961:
950:
946:
935:
931:
920:
916:
905:
901:
890:
886:
875:
871:
860:
856:
845:
841:
830:
826:
815:
811:
800:
796:
785:
781:
770:
766:
755:
751:
740:
736:
725:
721:
710:
706:
701:
679:
669:
651:
648:
630:
625:
623:
620:
612:
570:Mariano Paredes
533:
497:
476:
455:
423:
417:
380:
355:
318:Political party
312:(prior to 1821)
311:
303:
301:
300:
292:
290:
281:Panteón Francés
269:
253:
230:
220:
206:
201:
191:
181:
167:
162:
152:
140:
124:
119:
99:
93:Melchor Múzquiz
87:
81:
76:
59:
47:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2713:Marcelo Ebrard
2710:
2704:
2699:
2696:Rosario Robles
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2579:Cosme Hinojosa
2576:
2571:
2569:John G. Cabral
2566:
2564:Manuel Padilla
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:Abel Rodríguez
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2224:Ignacio Rivero
2221:
2215:
2213:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Luis C. Curiel
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:Manuel Campero
2036:
2030:
2028:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:John H. Mateos
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1836:Winfield Scott
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:Vicente Romero
1767:
1761:
1759:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1742:Ignacio Inclán
1739:
1734:
1729:
1727:Luis G. Vieyra
1724:
1719:
1717:Luis G. Vieyra
1714:
1709:
1707:Luis G. Vieyra
1704:
1699:
1697:Luis G. Vieyra
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1663:Luis G. Vieyra
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1455:Vice president
1445:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1323:Álvaro Obregón
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1258:Juan N. Méndez
1255:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1230:Miguel Miramón
1227:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Martín Carrera
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:Mariano Arista
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
989:
974:
959:
944:
929:
914:
899:
884:
869:
866:. p. 127.
854:
839:
824:
809:
794:
779:
764:
749:
734:
719:
703:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
677:
667:
647:
644:
643:
642:
636:
635:
619:
616:
611:
608:
592:Mariano Arista
532:
529:
496:
493:
472:Main article:
454:
451:
419:Main article:
416:
413:
379:
376:
368:Spanish Cortes
354:
351:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
315:
314:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
266:
262:
261:
250:
246:
245:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
226:
223:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
116:
115:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
73:
72:
65:
64:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2873:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Benito Flores
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2376:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:Alberto Yarza
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:José Ceballos
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Francisco Paz
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Juan José Baz
2074:
2072:
2071:Porfirio Díaz
2069:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2049:Thomas O'Hora
2047:
2045:
2044:Mariano Icaza
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:Second Empire
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Joaquin Mayor
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Juan José Baz
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1888:Juan José Baz
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1793:U.S. Invasion
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Juan José Baz
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:reinstatement
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Manuel Rincón
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Porfirio Díaz
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Benito Juárez
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Nicolás Bravo
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1063:
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