20:
279:
houses of the
Casanova de Iturraspe, Cortez and Pineda, the Antúnez Pacheco, Ramírez Rus, Gutiérrez de Celis, Urdaneta, Andrade, Tubiñez Bocanegra, García de la Lastra, Pérez Luzardo, Padrón Del Villar and Osorio, among others. There were other
275:
families such as the
Lossada and Antúnez, located exactly behind the Cathedral and the Troconis, diagonal to it; all of them with their coats of arms carved in stone. There were also the
219:
were below the Crown officials and other
Spaniards residing in Venezuela (the so-called peninsular whites). As a consequence, there was a rivalry between the peninsular whites and the
137:), and was a reference to the exclusive use of this garment, to cover the head in religious services, by the ladies of the Caracas aristocrats. Since 1571 there was a provision in the
426:
23:
118:
389:
260:
497:
97:
347:
288:(such as the García, Romero and de la Vega families, among others); in La Cañada (such as the Rincón, Boscán and Urdaneta families); and in the
71:
537:
568:
292:(such as the Picón, Casanova de Iturraspe, Lares and Febres Cordero families), with their large coffee and sugar cane plantations. In
304:, the solid mansions of the Garcés, De la Colina Peredo, García de Quevedo, and Fernández de Lugo families are still standing.
632:
470:
240:
considered these groups as inferior. In their turn, the whites of the shore and the pardos felt antipathy towards the
399:
327:
627:
289:
285:
87:
only indicates that a person was born in
America and was a descendant of Spaniards, while the word
343:
167:, laws and ordinances that granted rights and privileges to the descendants of the first Spanish
301:
545:
194:
318:
230:
had conflicting relations with other social groups such as the white shore people and the
8:
574:
503:
323:
284:
families of great zeal and ancestry in regions still known for their large haciendas: in
91:
refers to members of the local elite. Other whites who also had the same birthplace and
471:"Los blancos en la sociedad colonial venezolana: Representaciones sociales e ideología"
338:
197:
placed in the front of their houses, use of canes, cloaks, chains, hats and sunshades.
138:
122:
205:
334:
who owns a sugar cane plantation) and
Presentación Campos (Fernando Fonta's butler).
186:
58:. The term was in use from the 18th century until well into the 19th century. The
297:
190:
76:
394:
48:
621:
595:
350:
to the baptism of Simón Bolívar. The title of the work refers to the twenty
19:
364:
307:
168:
164:
62:
hardly surpassed a hundred heads of family by the end of the 18th century.
75:", because they became rich with the cultivation and commercialization of
117:
occurred on
January 5, 1752, in documents related to the insurrection of
55:
256:
211:, while other political positions were forbidden to them. Within the
44:
293:
163:
as a group dates back to the 16th century, as a consequence of the
92:
143:
40:
16:
Members of local elite born in
Venezuela descendant of Spaniards
150:
185:
were: pews assigned to them in the churches, to be carried in
232:
212:
178:
134:
346:
narrating the history of
Venezuela from the conquest of the
181:. They also owned slaves. Some of the prerogatives of the
177:
became owners of large cocoa and tobacco plantations and
247:
354:
families that ruled
Caracas since the 17th century.
538:"El 19 de abril: obra de los mantuanos caraqueños"
619:
330:". The main characters are Fernando Fonta (a
326:. It is set in the historical period of the "
535:
468:
271:, 2007) there were famous manor houses of
147:and black women, from wearing the mantle.
566:
495:
113:The first written appearance of the word
536:Viloria Vera, Enrique (April 19, 2012).
18:
620:
204:could only aspire to positions in the
141:that prohibited other women, such as
108:
39:is a denomination assigned, first in
531:
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464:
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460:
458:
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223:for political power in the colony.
13:
200:Despite their economic power, the
14:
644:
518:
445:
431:revista El desafío de la historia
414:
377:
469:Carrero Mora, Ricaurte (2011).
269:La Familia Lossada de Maracaibo
173:and settlers in Venezuela. The
95:of Spanish origin, such as the
588:
560:
489:
296:, specifically in the city of
1:
370:
265:Algunas Familias Maracaiberas
544:(in Spanish). Archived from
398:(in Spanish). Archived from
24:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte
7:
633:Social history of Venezuela
358:
251:in other areas of Venezuela
121:, according to philologist
10:
649:
259:, according to the author
567:Rosenblat, Ángel (2002).
496:Rosenblat, Ángel (2002).
43:and later in the rest of
312:in Venezuelan Literature
79:. They were also called
573:(in Spanish). Caracas:
542:Venezuela Analítica.com
502:(in Spanish). Caracas:
344:Francisco Herrera Luque
101:, were not part of the
54:belonging to the local
308:Representation of the
189:, use of the title of
129:derives from the word
119:Juan Francisco de León
31:
600:TheFreeDictionary.com
570:El español de América
499:El español de América
213:colonial caste system
159:The emergence of the
22:
402:on February 16, 2008
319:Las lanzas coloradas
575:Biblioteca Ayacucho
504:Biblioteca Ayacucho
324:Arturo Uslar Pietri
302:Paraguaná peninsula
261:Kurt Nagel von Jess
155:in colonial society
628:Colonial Venezuela
339:Los amos del valle
187:gestatorial chairs
139:Laws of the Indies
109:Origin of the term
69:were also called "
32:
548:on March 27, 2014
475:revista Paradigma
342:(1979): novel by
322:(1931): novel by
98:blancos de orilla
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328:War to the Death
193:, to have their
151:Position of the
81:blancos criollos
50:blancos criollos
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26:, 18th century
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348:Caracas Valley
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263:(in his works
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179:cattle ranches
170:conquistadores
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149:
110:
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85:blanco criollo
72:grandes cacaos
52:(white creole)
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290:Andean region
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604:. Retrieved
602:(in Spanish)
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578:. Retrieved
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562:
550:. Retrieved
546:the original
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508:. Retrieved
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491:
479:. Retrieved
477:(in Spanish)
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435:. Retrieved
433:(in Spanish)
430:
404:. Retrieved
400:the original
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365:La Blanquera
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596:"mantuanas"
427:"Mantuanos"
390:"Mantuanos"
191:Don or Doña
83:. The name
56:aristocracy
622:Categories
371:References
195:escutcheon
580:March 27,
552:March 27,
510:March 27,
481:March 27,
437:March 27,
406:March 27,
352:Mantuanas
310:Mantuanos
257:Maracaibo
249:Mantuanos
242:Mantuanos
238:Mantuanos
228:Mantuanos
221:Mantuanos
217:Mantuanos
206:colonial
202:Mantuanos
183:Mantuanos
175:Mantuanos
161:Mantuanos
144:mulattoes
67:mantuanos
60:mantuanos
47:, to the
45:Venezuela
606:July 24,
359:See also
332:mantuano
300:and the
282:Mantuano
277:Mantuano
273:Mantuano
153:Mantuano
127:Mantuano
115:mantuano
105:circle.
103:mantuano
93:ancestry
89:mantuano
36:Mantuano
28:Mantuano
208:cabildo
165:decrees
41:Caracas
294:Falcón
286:Perijá
236:. The
233:pardos
215:, the
135:mantle
131:manto
77:cocoa
608:2018
582:2014
554:2014
512:2014
483:2014
439:2014
408:2014
298:Coro
226:The
65:The
255:In
624::
598:.
540:.
520:^
473:.
447:^
429:.
416:^
392:.
379:^
244:.
125:.
610:.
584:.
556:.
514:.
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441:.
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133:(
30:.
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