420:(d.1422), with whom he was involved in administrative duties for Gloucestershire. By his 2nd marriage to Joan Dauntsey, Russell had his only son and heir, Thomas, who survived his father by 16 years and died aged about 18 in 1432. On his father's death, Thomas had become a royal ward, and had been found a wife named Margery, of family unknown, but no doubt as a result of his marriage having been sold by his guardian. Margery was pregnant at the time of Thomas's death, but her daughter died as an infant soon after her birth. Thus was extinguished the line of Russell of Dyrham and Kingston Russell. As most of the Russell lands had been entailed to the progeny of Sir Maurice's first marriage, Dyrham passed into the hands of his two daughters by Isabel Childrey, Margaret and Isabel. The right heirs of Thomas would inherit the unentailed Russell lands on the Isle of Wight and elsewhere. Isabel and her 3rd husband Sir John Drayton of
323:
218:
472:(d.1528), but perhaps out of respect for his father's loyal old servant had kept him on as a standard Esquire of the Body for the first 2 years of his reign until Hugh's death in 1511. It was perhaps at the very time of William's appointment as an Esquire of the Body that the King granted him the honour of the licence to empark 500 acres of Dyrham, which is to say to enclose the land with a wall or hedgebank and to establish a captive herd of deer within, with exclusive hunting rights. This grant is witnessed by a charter on parchment, to which is affixed a rare example of a perfect great seal of Henry VIII, now hanging in a frame beneath the main staircase of
305:, a form of taxation, to meet the costs of the splendid ceremony. Russell was appointed as collector of this feudal aid for the county of Southampton. On this occasion the royal army was spared any fighting since Bruce had in the meantime been defeated by the border barons acting independently. King Edward II, just knighted as Prince of Wales, succeeded his father later in the year 1307 and called his first parliament to meet at Northampton, to which Sir William Russell was summoned by writ for the county of Southampton. Russell thereupon relinquished his duties as Constable of Carisbrooke Castle to his successor Nicholas de Bois. In 1308 by
274:
480:"Henry by the grace of God King of England and France and Lord of Ireland sends greetings to his archbishops, bishops, abbotts, priors, dukes, marquises, earls, barons, judges, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all our bailiffs and faithful subjects. Let it be known that we, motivated by our especial grace and certain knowledge of him, have granted for us and our heirs to our faithful servant William Denys, esquire of the Royal Body, to him, his heirs and assigns, the right to empark 500 acres of land, meadow, pasture and wood together with appurtenance at Le Worthy within the manor of
609:
mediaeval Denys families in the South-West, one from
Ilchester, Somerset, one from Devon, and that from Glamorgan which later came to Siston and Dyrham in Gloucestershire. The three families may all have originated from a common root before the era of the mass adoption of armorials, that is to say the first half of the 13th century. The Somerset branch was the most ancient, having disappeared before it might have adopted arms, but the Devon Denys's adopted as their arms three Danish battle-axes, as borne by the King of Denmark and recorded on various
391:
574:
601:
593:. Each knight was expected to bring his own retinue, but limited to 10 persons and 4 horses. Denys's former brother-in-law Edmund Tame(d.1534) was also on the Gloucestershire list, but his name was subsequently struck out and replaced, possibly due to ill-health. In a subsequent record Deny's name is shown as erased from the list of those attending the King, with the words "With the Queen" added, suggesting he had been transferred into the retinue of
122:
439:
476:. It clearly was handed down with the deeds of the manor on the termination of the Denys era at Dyrham. The charter is of exceptional interest as it is signed as witnesses by men of the greatest importance in the state, who were at the King's side at that moment, at the Palace of Westminster. The text of the document, translated from Latin is as follows:
209:, during the minority of Ralph II Russell, son of her deceased brother James. Ralph II, who had married a certain Eleanor(d.1303), died without issue in 1295 whereupon the lands passed to his uncle Robert, 2nd brother of James, who died shortly thereafter in 1298, again without issue, the lands then descending to William, the 3rd brother.
625:. This forced his elder brother Sir Walter Denys(d.1571) to sell Dyrham shortly before his death, which was purchased by the Wynter family. When the Wynter heiress Mary married William Blathwayt, the Dyrham estate passed to the Blathwayte family, builders of the present William & Mary style mansion known as
154:
Russell married off Isabel de
Newmarch to his son Sir Ralph Russell(b.1204), and thus the moiety of the barony of Newmarch containing Dyrham came into the Russell family. The marriage of the other Newmarch heiress, Hawise, seemingly having been sold by Sir John Russell, was acquired by John Botterel,
313:
to make enquiry into encroachments to the royal revenues. In 1309 Russell was summoned by royal writ to be ready "with horse, arms, and all his lawful service (i.e. retinue)" at
Newcastle upon Tyne, by 29 September., to punish the Scots for their non-observance of the truce recently entered into. By
241:
of the Island, from which all manors were held under feudal ties. In 1294 he received royal instructions for putting the Island into a proper posture to meet the threatened invasion by France of the southern coasts of
England. In 1295, still as a younger son, his brothers being still alive, he was
200:
Clearly the escheator had seized Dyrham believing it to be held by
Walerand in his own right. Maud retained Dyrham as her dowry, along with the customary third share in many of Walerand's extensive manors elsewhere, until her death in 1288. By then her father Ralph was dead and the Russell lands had
195:
to Ralph
Russell, together with everything received therefrom from the time of its being taken into the king's hands, as the king learns by inquisition taken by the escheator that Ralph gave his said manor to Robert Waleraund with Matilda his daughter, whom Robert married, to hold to Robert and the
467:
to King Henry VII(1485–1509). It may have been due to the closeness of Hugh to the old King, for he occupied the foremost position of all the courtiers, that Henry's son Henry VIII appointed Sir
William as an Esquire of the Body, at some date before 5 June 1511. The new King had not continued Hugh
786:
Translation provided by information sheet by
National Trust, at Dyrham Park; A summary of the charter was retained in the royal records, Charter Roll 200, no.20, printed in Letters & Papers of Henry VIII, Foreign & Domestic, 1509-1514, vol.1, 5 June 1511, worded as follows:"William Denys,
292:
made then by the heralds. Russell was again summoned as "Sir
William Russell of the Isle" to be ready at Carlisle in 1301, after which the army wintered with much hardship in Scotland. In 1302 he was appointed for a 2nd time a Warden of the Isle, with Sir John de Lisle. In 1307 Russell received
799:
of that manor. Witnesses: W. Archbishop of
Canterbury, Chancellor R. Bishop of Winchester, Privy Seal Thomas, Bishop of Durham, Secretary Edward, Duke of Buckingham Thomas, Marquis of Dorset Thomas, Earl of Surrey, Treasurer George, Earl of Shrewsbury, Steward of the Household Charles Somerset,
354:
A certain Roger de Cantock, possibly his father, was prepositor to the Sheriff of Bristol in 1260 and 1271. "Cantock's Close" in Bristol, now occupied by buildings of the University, was apparently a field owned by his family. Cantock had been appointed by the Russell family as parson of the
553:
in 1518 and 1526, continuing the tradition of the Denys family which would hold that post on more occasions than any other family. William Denys married firstly in about 1482, Edith Twynyho, da. of John Twynyho(d.1485), a wealthy cloth merchant of Cirencester, MP for Bristol 1472-5, 1484, and
608:
counties. The records of the guild are held by Bristol Archives. It is likely that the Patron Saint was selected due to his having the same name as the Denys family, yet the family itself was probably so named not after the saint, but due to its probable Danish origins. There were 3 prominent
341:
Sir Theobald, as his father, was not based at Dyrham but in the Isle of Wight. He died in 1349 leading local forces against a French invasion of the Isle. He had sub-enfeoffed Dyrham to Roger de Cantock(d.1349), who is recorded as holding the manor in 1347 in the records of the
492:
lands within the said manor. No other person may enter this park or warren to hunt or catch anything which might belong to that park or warren without permission from William, his heirs or assigns under penalty of £10, provided that the land is not within our
424:, Oxfordshire, sold their moiety of the Russell inheritance to Margaret and her husband Sir Gilbert Denys of Siston, and thus Dyrham and Kingston Russell descended into the Denys family, which held Kingston Russell until 1543 and Dyrham until 1571.
133:
going to the husband of each daughter, to be held on her behalf. James de Newmarch had died in 1216 whilst his daughters were still legal infants, i.e. under 18 years old, and the marriage of Isabel, and possibly of Hawise also, was granted by King
233:, Isle of Wight. Sir William Russell was seated there for the remainder of his life and played a central role in the defence of the Island from the frequent attacks by the French. He was appointed as one of 3 Wardens of the Island and Constable of
350:"De Rogero Cantek pro uno foedo militis in Derham et Henton quod Willelmus Russel quondam tenuit ibidem, XX s" (Received from Roger de Cantock for one knight's fee in Dyrham and Hinton which William Russell once held the same, 20 shillings)
450:
The first of the Denys family to have resided at Dyrham rather than at the Denys ancestral manor of Siston, appears to have been Sir William Denys(1470–1533), son of Sir Walter Denys(d.1505), who is depicted on the
411:
the manor of Dyrham and other manors to the progeny of this marriage. He was buried in St. Peter's church next to the manor house, as his funerary brass attests. He married his eldest daughter to his neighbour at
314:
now Russell was elderly and being unable to meet the summons in person, he sent knights to serve in his stead. Sir William Russell died in 1311, leaving an only son, Theobald Russell, still a minor aged only 7.
175:(1216–1272). Ralph gave Dyrham as Maud's dowry, but as the couple produced no children, Dyrham reverted to Ralph, as the following entry in the Close Rolls, dated 4 May 1273 at Westminster, shows:
752:
Yaverland church: Victoria County History, Hampshire, vol.5, 1912, pp.206-208, Yaverland. "Russell Chantry", ibid. footnote 51, mentioned in the 1305 return of the dean of the Isle of Wight
179:
105:, Somerset, to his son-in-law de Newmarch who had married his daughter Mabilia. Wynebald's grandson Henry de Newmarch was raised to baronial status due to his holding of Wynebald's fiefdom
597:. In 1520 Sir William and Lady Ann founded the "Guild of St. Dennis" in the Church of St Peter, Dyrham, which had about 300 members, not only from Gloucestershire but also from adjoining
398:(1356-1416) of Dyrham and Kingston Russell and first wife Isabel Childrey. Rubbing from funerary brass at Dyrham Church. Note Russell armorials in small escutcheon in gable of canopy
159:, to which family the other moiety of the barony descended. The Russell family appear to have resided during the 13th and 14th centuries firstly at Kingston Russell and latterly at
558:, Glos., business partner of John Twynyho and favoured courtier of Henry VII. The marriage settlement is contained in a charter dated 21 Ed IV (1482), quoted by the Inquisition
57:). In 1086 he held 7 hides in Dyrham, formerly the land of Aluric. He had formerly held also 3 hides of this manor which Durand de Pitres, Sheriff of Gloucester, had given to
359:, Buckinghamshire, a former Newmarch manor. In 1332 he was granted the manor of Hardwick itself for the term of his life, which ended in 1349. He was possibly related to
196:
heirs of their bodies, with reversion to Ralph in default of such heirs, and that Robert died without an heir of his body, wherefore the manor ought to revert to Ralph".
129:
Henry de Newmarch's heir was his youngest son James who died leaving two daughters co-heiresses to the barony, Isabel the eldest and Hawise. The barony was split, with a
379:"Master Roger Cantok, parson of the Church of Herdewyk, going to Ireland, has letters nominating Nicholas de Langeton his attorney until Michaelmas, May 2, Westminster"
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In June 1520 Denys was one of the 7 knights of Gloucestershire selected to form part of the 100 nobles and gentlemen appointed to attend King Henry VIII at the
734:
Wiffen, pp.122-127: in 8 Ed I Sir William Russell was termed "Lord of Yaverland" in the Schedule of Liberties claimed by Isabel de Fortibus, Lady of the Island
266:, where a great English victory was won. However, the Scottish forces regrouped and Russell was again summoned to join King Edward's army on 24 June 1300 at
229:(1257–1311) who married in about 1280 Katherine de Aula, heiress of the de Aula family of the Isle of Wight, who brought to the Russell family the manor of
407:
On his marriage to Isabel Childrey, Maurice was granted the manor of Dyrham by his father, and appears to have set up home here. The marriage settlement
843:, 1883. vol.1 (Confounds the family of Russell of KR with Russell ancestors of Dukes of Bedford, but otherwise contains excellent biographical research)
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Chamberlain, Baron George Nevile of Bergavenny, Baron Sir Thomas Lovell, Treasurer of the Household Sir Edward Poynings, Controller of the Household
254:. In 1297 he was summoned by King Edward I to join with his barons to muster in London in preparation for a military expedition crossing over to
390:
93:, standard bearer to William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings, who appears to have rebelled against William II and been banished.
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66:
484:
in the county of Gloucestershire and enclose them with fences and hedges in order to make a park there. Also that they may have
617:(d.1563) entangled the family as a whole in his debts which he had accumulated through his property speculation during the
301:. Before the campaign commenced, the King determined on knighting his son, and was accorded by parliament the customary
861:
856:
570:, from the leading Gloucestershire family. This marriage accorded to William a considerable status in the county gentry.
446:, 5th June 1511. Note the rare perfect example of the Great Seal of Henry VIII. Collection of Dyrham Park, National Trust
167:, Hampshire. Ralph and Isabel's daughter Maud(d.1288) (also known as Matilda) married Robert Walerand(d.1273) of nearby
549:
From the size of the present park it appears that only about 250 acres were ultimately enclosed. Sir William served as
523:
645:
Barlow, F. William Rufus, London, 1983. Lists sheriffs of Wm II and provides biog. details of the family of de Pitres
725:
Re: Eleanor(d.1303) wife of Ralph Russell II: Victoria County History, Somerset, vol.7, 1999, Horsington, pp.119-131
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of Sir William Denys. The marriage produced no issue. William married 2ndly Anne Berkeley, da. of Maurice Berkeley,
550:
676:
Sanders, I.J. English Baronies, a Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960. North Cadbury, p.68
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Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, June 1520. William Denys was in the retinue of Katherine of Aragon
777:
Victoria County History, Buckinghamshire, vol.3, 1925, Parishes: Hardwick with Weedon, pp.363-367, footnote 22.
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761:
322:
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in 1306. Roger went to Ireland in 1309, possibly to visit this relative, as the following entry in the
217:
582:
469:
368:
356:
273:
226:
833:, London, 1930. (Contains pedigree of Russell of Kingston Russell & critique of Wiffen's work)
685:
Wiffen, J.H. Historical Memoirs of the House of Russell from the Time of the Norman Conquest, 1883
113:
is referred to as the Barony of North Cadbury, and the Newmarch holder of it as "Baron Newmarch".
743:
Victoria County History, Wiltshire, vol.16, (1999), Kinwardstone Hundred, Little Bedwyn, pp.50-69
395:
384:
110:
707:
Calendar of Close Rolls, Ed I, 1272-1279, London, 1900. Membrane 8, 4th May 1273 at Westminster.
836:
468:
Denys in his post, which was one of some personal intimacy, having appointed his own favourite
787:
Esquire for the Body, license by charter to impark 500 acres at Le Worthy within his manor of
545:
Given by our hand at Westminster on the 5th day of June in the 3rd year of our reign" (1511).
258:. Sir William was summoned by royal writ to be at York on 25 May 1298 to oppose the Scotsman
663:
Transactions of Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society (BGAS), 1879-80, vol.4,
452:
417:
29:
330:, Isle of Wight, probably built by the de Aula family, c. 1150. The Russell family held the
89:
between 1086 and 1088. Virtually the whole of Wynebald's fiefdom had formerly been held by
172:
139:
135:
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to join the royal army at Carlisle within 15 days of 8 July, to counter the aggression of
61:, by the King's command. These had apparently (according to Mr Alfred Ellis)been given to
8:
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443:
285:
277:
221:
Entrance to Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight, of which Sir William Russell was Constable
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78:
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Arms of Russell of Kingston Russell & Dyrham: "Argent, on a chief gules 3 bezants"
421:
263:
156:
86:
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later that year, during which his armourials were recorded in the famous eponymous
280:, Dumfries, Scotland. Sir William Russell was part of the army at its siege in 1300
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90:
62:
459:, which manor was also held by the family, and Agnes Danvers. His half-uncle was
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50:
841:
Historical Memoirs of the House of Russell from the Time of the Norman Conquest
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58:
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46:
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Royal licence to empark Dyrham granted by King Henry VIII to William Denys,
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130:
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21:
629:, said to incorporate some of the structure of the earlier manor house.
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Edward Poynings, comptroller of our household, knights, and many others.
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387:(1356–1416), the first of the family to make his home at Dyrham.
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182:
Armourials of Robert Walerand: "Argent, a bend engrailled gules"
53:
of Dyrham as William FitzWido (William son of Guy, Latinised as
824:
English Baronies, a Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327
698:
quoted by Parsons, J.C. Eleanor of Castile, London, 1995, p.169
622:
586:
413:
168:
25:
665:
On the Landholders of Gloucestershire Named in Domesday Book
85:, and appears to have arrived in England with his brother
250:, Wiltshire, where the Russell family held the manor of
809:
Letters & Papers, H VIII, 1519-1523, vol.3, no.704
225:
Sir Ralph Russell's 3rd son and eventual heir was Sir
716:
Parsons, J.C. Eleanor of Castile, London, 1995, p.169
554:sister-in-law to John Tame(d.1500), the builder of
77:
The manor then passed into the extensive fiefdom of
529:
George Shrewsbury, steward of our household, earls.
81:, a magnate from Maine, France, who supported King
532:Charles Somerset Lord Herbert, our chamberlain and
309:Russell was appointed 1 of 3 justiciaries for the
212:
848:
149:
101:Dyrham passed with Wynebald's fiefdom, based at
191:this side Trent. Order to deliver the manor of
538:Thomas Lovell, treasurer of our household and
155:on whose death Hawise married secondly Sir
826:, Oxford, 1960. North Cadbury, p. 68
514:Winchester, Keeper of the Privy Purse and
599:
572:
507:Canterbury our chancellor and archbishop
437:
389:
321:
272:
216:
177:
171:, a great magnate and Justiciar to King
120:
67:William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford
317:
849:
535:George Neville of Abergavenny, barons.
402:
72:
766:History & Antiquities of Bristol
427:
293:another summons from King Edward I
503:The most reverend in Christ father
13:
589:, where the King was to meet King
334:of this church, and established a
201:passed into the wardship of Queen
187:"To Master Richard de Cliff(ord),
14:
873:
829:Scott-Thomson, Gladys FRHistSoc,
613:. Sir William's younger son, Sir
383:Theobald Russell's grandson was
621:and through his construction of
526:Surrey, Treasurer of England and
831:Two Centuries of Family History
803:
780:
771:
755:
746:
737:
728:
551:High Sheriff of Gloucestershire
520:Durham, our secretary, bishops.
510:The reverend in Christ fathers
326:Church of St John the Baptist,
791:Gloucestershire & to have
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688:
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648:
639:
619:Dissolution of the Monasteries
375:of 2 Edward II (1309) shows:
213:Sir William Russell(1257-1311)
65:by "Earl William", presumably
1:
632:
150:Sir Ralph Russell (born 1204)
7:
96:
40:
10:
878:
862:Country estates in England
857:History of Gloucestershire
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696:Cal.Genealogicum, (i), 194
694:Maud Russell d. 1288, per
583:Field of the Cloth of Gold
431:
369:Lord Chancellor of Ireland
116:
35:
604:St Peter's Church, Dyrham
355:church in their manor of
346:of 20 Edward III (1347):
242:elected to parliament as
55:Willelmus Filius Widonis
24:estate in the parish of
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463:(d.1511) who had been
453:Denys monumental brass
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30:South Gloucestershire
318:Sir Theobald Russell
109:, and the resultant
49:of 1086 records the
667:, Chap. XXXV, p.133
595:Katharine of Aragon
591:Francis I of France
470:Sir William Compton
444:Esquire of the Body
403:Sir Maurice Russell
385:Sir Maurice Russell
295:Hammer of the Scots
278:Caerlaverock Castle
262:. He fought at the
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465:Groom of the Stool
455:in the Church of
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235:Carisbrooke Castle
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203:Eleanor of Castile
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142:(died c. 1224) of
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73:Wynebald de Ballon
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418:Sir Gilbert Denys
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87:Hamelin de Ballon
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63:Turstin FitzRolf
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190:
180:
176:
174:
170:
166:
165:Isle of Wight
162:
158:
147:
145:
141:
137:
132:
123:
114:
112:
111:feudal barony
108:
104:
103:North Cadbury
94:
92:
88:
84:
83:William Rufus
80:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:Domesday Book
33:
31:
27:
23:
20:was a former
19:
840:
830:
823:
805:
788:
782:
773:
765:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
695:
690:
681:
672:
664:
659:
654:BGAS op.cit.
650:
641:
623:Siston Court
607:
580:
563:
559:
548:
544:
481:
479:
449:
406:
382:
378:
373:patent rolls
353:
349:
340:
294:
290:roll of arms
283:
248:Great Bedwyn
238:
224:
199:
192:
186:
153:
128:
107:per baroniam
106:
100:
76:
54:
44:
17:
15:
795:in all the
793:free-warren
627:Dyrham Park
560:post mortem
486:free warren
474:Dyrham Park
146:in Dorset.
32:, England.
851:Categories
633:References
461:Hugh Denys
344:feudal aid
303:feudal aid
328:Yaverland
231:Yaverland
189:escheator
173:Henry III
161:Yaverland
136:Henry III
797:demesnes
457:Olveston
409:entailed
357:Hardwick
332:advowson
268:Carlisle
256:Flanders
207:Edward I
97:Newmarch
41:FitzWido
22:manorial
817:Sources
789:Dereham
585:, near
564:de jure
512:Richard
505:William
490:demesne
482:Dereham
336:chantry
244:burgess
163:in the
117:Russell
36:Descent
587:Calais
524:Thomas
518:Thomas
495:forest
414:Siston
237:, the
193:Derham
169:Siston
131:moiety
26:Dyrham
239:caput
566:3rd
394:Sir
246:for
138:to
45:The
16:The
28:in
853::
839:,
764:.
416:,
363:,
270:.
69:.
497:.
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