2311:
2322:
64:. Windows restricts the allowed access rights depending on whether the subject's IL is higher or lower than the object, and depending on the integrity policy flags in the new access control entry (ACE). The security subsystem implements the integrity level as a mandatory label to distinguish it from the discretionary access under user control that ACLs provide.
243:
or other shared objects. The shared object must have an integrity level as low as the Low IL process and should be shared by both the Low IL and High IL processes. Since MIC does not prevent a Low IL process from sharing objects with a higher IL process, it can trigger flaws in the higher IL process
35:
based on their
Integrity Level (IL). The IL represents the level of trustworthiness of an object. This mechanism's goal is to restrict the access permissions for potentially less trustworthy contexts (processes, files, and other securable objects), compared with other contexts running under the same
234:
However, in some cases a higher IL process do need to execute certain functions against the lower IL process, or a lower IL process need to access resources that only a higher IL process can access (for example, when viewing a webpage in protected mode, save a file downloaded from the internet to a
230:
introduced the "Protected View" isolated sandbox environment for Excel, PowerPoint, and Word that prohibits potentially unsafe documents from modifying components, files, and other resources on a system. Protected View operates as a low-integrity process and, in
Windows Vista and later versions of
215:
introduces a MIC-based "Protected Mode" setting to control whether a web page is opened as a low-integrity process or not (provided the operating system supports MIC), based on security zone settings, thereby preventing some classes of security vulnerabilities. Since
Internet Explorer in this case
188:
While processes inherit the integrity level of the process that spawned it, the integrity level can be customized at the time of process creation. As well as for defining the boundary for window messages in the
610:
536:
114:
IL. By introducing integrity levels, MIC allows classes of applications to be isolated, enabling scenarios like sandboxing potentially-vulnerable applications (such as
301:
56:
when initialized. When the subject tries to access an object (for example, a file), the
Security Reference Monitor compares the integrity level in the subject's
590:
371:
157:
an object only when its integrity level is equal to or higher than the requested integrity level specified by the object. Additionally, for privacy reasons
800:
563:
52:(ACLs) are used to grant access rights (read, write, and execute permissions) and privileges to users or groups. An IL is assigned to a subject's
485:
149:
governing access to them, that defines the minimum integrity level of the process that can use the object. Windows makes sure that a process can
122:
IL are called low-integrity processes, which have less access than processes with higher ILs where the Access control enforcement is in
Windows.
2347:
393:
1326:
1476:
168:
Consequently, a process cannot interact with another process that has a higher IL. So a process cannot perform functions such as inject a
1341:
1506:
583:
340:
1163:
415:
24:
2197:
576:
558:
1856:
2326:
599:
224:
are two other notable applications that are introducing the technology in order to reduce their vulnerability to malware.
1576:
1216:
635:
520:
1748:
1657:
1173:
805:
312:
253:
190:
44:
Mandatory
Integrity Control is defined using a new access control entry (ACE) type to represent the object's IL in its
216:
runs as a Low IL process, it cannot modify system level objects—file and registry operations are instead virtualized.
438:
235:
folder specified by the user). High IL and Low IL processes can still communicate with each other by using files,
1496:
1439:
1401:
1386:
2242:
1824:
1351:
1366:
2207:
2076:
1763:
1753:
1627:
1531:
1391:
748:
703:
2315:
1683:
1541:
1396:
1193:
908:
858:
462:
1905:
1785:
1491:
990:
630:
623:
618:
2237:
2202:
1632:
1622:
1561:
1471:
1361:
1331:
980:
678:
142:
1602:
1546:
1526:
1371:
1140:
1025:
915:
495:
275:
158:
126:
28:
2187:
2182:
2026:
2021:
1981:
1941:
1891:
1637:
1381:
1376:
1251:
1226:
1188:
1158:
1108:
920:
843:
768:
688:
663:
2167:
2131:
1743:
1728:
1486:
1444:
1336:
1266:
1183:
1168:
763:
2296:
2116:
2061:
2001:
1986:
1795:
1466:
1421:
1278:
1231:
227:
2281:
2276:
2121:
2091:
2056:
1946:
1652:
1647:
1551:
1501:
1459:
1429:
1316:
903:
868:
815:
753:
308:
240:
169:
107:
8:
2222:
2081:
2036:
2011:
1966:
1912:
1711:
1566:
1449:
898:
883:
823:
743:
713:
270:
212:
138:
73:
61:
49:
45:
32:
2227:
2177:
1951:
1870:
1775:
1481:
1321:
1288:
1261:
1256:
1103:
930:
833:
828:
728:
2291:
2217:
2172:
2071:
2066:
2041:
1996:
1961:
1831:
1135:
945:
778:
202:
2232:
2141:
1976:
1919:
1877:
1738:
1706:
1662:
1617:
1536:
1296:
1093:
970:
960:
723:
718:
367:
245:
206:
134:
2268:
2151:
2126:
2111:
2101:
2051:
2046:
1800:
1434:
1150:
1015:
1005:
950:
935:
793:
683:
1758:
1301:
1113:
1088:
1020:
888:
863:
838:
788:
758:
668:
568:
249:
2341:
2247:
2106:
2006:
1346:
1306:
1083:
1058:
1050:
985:
853:
653:
490:
442:
221:
198:
193:(UIPI) technology, Mandatory Integrity Control is used by applications like
176:
function of the
Windows API or send data to a different process by using the
130:
2016:
1971:
1898:
1863:
1571:
1521:
1311:
1063:
1010:
975:
893:
873:
693:
673:
217:
194:
57:
53:
2086:
2031:
1936:
1790:
1678:
1556:
1411:
1203:
1178:
773:
1991:
1815:
1356:
1246:
1120:
1040:
965:
783:
236:
102:
S-1-16-16384). By default, processes started by a regular user gain a
1612:
1607:
1241:
1130:
1078:
848:
544:
528:
470:
423:
401:
379:
348:
244:
and have it work on behalf of the low IL process, thereby causing a
2192:
2096:
1956:
1716:
1581:
1211:
1068:
955:
940:
878:
738:
698:
115:
2212:
2146:
1884:
1770:
1733:
1721:
1406:
1125:
1098:
1073:
1035:
1030:
733:
658:
559:
Introduction to
Windows Integrity Control: Security Focus article
1000:
2286:
2136:
1805:
1586:
1511:
925:
265:
2252:
1688:
1516:
1221:
995:
708:
209:
to isolate documents from vulnerable objects in the system.
231:
Windows, uses MIC and UIPI to further restrict the sandbox.
1780:
1454:
1273:
1236:
146:
564:
Escaping from
Microsoft’s Protected Mode Internet Explorer
1698:
477:
521:"Windows Vista Integrity Mechanism Technical Reference"
372:"PsExec, User Account Control and Security Boundaries"
486:"Microsoft struts Office 2010 'sandbox' security"
125:Objects with Access control lists, such as Named
2339:
598:
455:
463:"Plan Protected View settings for Office 2010"
341:"Mandatory Integrity Control in Windows Vista"
302:"Analysis of the Windows Vista Security Model"
584:
67:Windows Vista defines four integrity levels:
60:against the integrity level in the object's
366:
299:
25:security feature of Windows Vista and later
2321:
591:
577:
436:
295:
293:
291:
161:with higher IL are out-of-bounds for even
439:"Introducing Adobe Reader Protected Mode"
537:"Introduction to the Protected Mode API"
334:
332:
288:
2340:
483:
362:
360:
358:
172:into a higher IL process by using the
118:-facing applications). Processes with
2348:Microsoft Windows security technology
2198:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
572:
338:
252:, however, can be prevented by using
165:access from processes with lower IL.
329:
36:user account that are more trusted.
1327:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
355:
13:
1658:User Interface Privilege Isolation
513:
254:User Interface Privilege Isolation
191:User Interface Privilege Isolation
14:
2359:
552:
484:Keizer, Gregg (August 19, 2009).
39:
2320:
2310:
2309:
1387:Remote Differential Compression
2243:Windows System Assessment Tool
430:
408:
386:
256:which takes advantage of MIC.
183:
1:
416:"WriteProcessMemory function"
394:"CreateRemoteThread function"
339:Riley, Steve (22 July 2006).
281:
1532:Open XML Paper Specification
1392:Remote Installation Services
600:Microsoft Windows components
7:
1684:Windows Subsystem for Linux
1643:Mandatory Integrity Control
1397:Windows Deployment Services
1194:Wireless Zero Configuration
259:
17:Mandatory Integrity Control
10:
2364:
1786:Universal Windows Platform
1492:Kernel Transaction Manager
1477:Hardware Abstraction Layer
1174:Multimedia Class Scheduler
147:System Access Control List
2305:
2265:
2238:Windows Services for UNIX
2160:
1929:
1848:
1841:
1814:
1697:
1671:
1623:Data Execution Prevention
1595:
1472:Graphics Device Interface
1420:
1362:Network Access Protection
1287:
1202:
1149:
1049:
981:Remote Desktop Connection
814:
644:
606:
437:Brad Arkin (2010-07-10).
1603:Security and Maintenance
1547:Security Account Manager
1141:Windows XP visual styles
276:Mandatory access control
29:mandatory access control
2188:Media Control Interface
2022:Help and Support Center
1638:Kernel Patch Protection
1402:System Resource Manager
1382:Remote Desktop Services
1377:Print Services for UNIX
1159:Service Control Manager
769:Windows Error Reporting
689:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
145:, have an entry in the
2168:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
1744:COM Structured storage
1445:Desktop Window Manager
1337:Windows Media Services
541:Microsoft Docs Archive
525:Microsoft Docs Archive
467:Microsoft Docs Archive
345:Microsoft Docs Archive
1796:Windows Mixed Reality
1467:Enhanced Write Filter
1317:Roaming user profiles
228:Microsoft Office 2010
2077:Mobile Device Center
2027:Health & Fitness
1825:Solitaire Collection
1653:User Account Control
1648:Protected Media Path
1552:Server Message Block
1502:Logical Disk Manager
754:System Policy Editor
739:System Configuration
376:Windows Blog Archive
370:(12 February 2007).
309:Symantec Corporation
178:WriteProcessMemory()
174:CreateRemoteThread()
50:Access Control Lists
2223:Virtual DOS machine
1567:System Idle Process
1542:Resource Protection
1450:Portable Executable
1342:Active DRM Services
744:System File Checker
714:Performance Monitor
271:Security Identifier
213:Internet Explorer 7
137:keys or even other
94:S-1-16-12288), and
62:security descriptor
46:security descriptor
2228:Windows on Windows
1952:Backup and Restore
1764:Transaction Server
1482:I/O request packet
1322:Folder redirection
991:Speech Recognition
749:System Information
704:Management Console
426:. 5 December 2018.
420:Windows Dev Center
404:. 5 December 2018.
398:Windows Dev Center
2335:
2334:
2261:
2260:
2218:Video for Windows
2173:Games for Windows
2042:Internet Explorer
1136:Windows Spotlight
779:Windows Installer
547:. 15 August 2007.
368:Russinovich, Mark
300:Matthew Conover.
203:Internet Explorer
2355:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2233:Windows SideShow
2012:Food & Drink
1906:Spider Solitaire
1846:
1845:
1739:ActiveX Document
1707:Active Scripting
1663:Windows Firewall
1618:Credential Guard
1297:Active Directory
1094:Indexing Service
724:Resource Monitor
719:Recovery Console
593:
586:
579:
570:
569:
548:
532:
507:
506:
504:
502:
481:
475:
474:
473:. 5 August 2011.
459:
453:
452:
450:
449:
434:
428:
427:
412:
406:
405:
390:
384:
383:
364:
353:
352:
336:
327:
326:
324:
323:
317:
311:. Archived from
306:
297:
246:Squatting attack
207:Windows Explorer
179:
175:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2301:
2269:Microsoft Store
2267:
2257:
2203:POSIX subsystem
2183:File Protection
2156:
2127:Program Manager
2112:Phone Companion
2102:Outlook Express
2052:Make Compatible
1982:Desktop Gadgets
1942:Anytime Upgrade
1925:
1837:
1810:
1801:Windows Runtime
1693:
1667:
1633:Family features
1591:
1416:
1372:DFS Replication
1283:
1198:
1189:Error Reporting
1145:
1045:
921:Mobility Center
916:Movies & TV
810:
794:Windows Insider
684:Driver Verifier
679:Drive Optimizer
646:
640:
631:Booting process
602:
597:
555:
535:
519:
516:
514:Further reading
511:
510:
500:
498:
482:
478:
461:
460:
456:
447:
445:
435:
431:
414:
413:
409:
392:
391:
387:
365:
356:
337:
330:
321:
319:
315:
304:
298:
289:
284:
262:
250:Shatter attacks
186:
177:
173:
159:process objects
110:processes have
42:
12:
11:
5:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:Steps Recorder
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1759:OLE Automation
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:Object Manager
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1487:Imaging Format
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1184:Task Scheduler
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1114:Special folder
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:Voice Recorder
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
912:
911:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
818:
812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
798:
797:
796:
789:Windows Update
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
759:System Restore
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
669:Device Manager
666:
661:
659:Command Prompt
656:
650:
648:
642:
641:
639:
638:
633:
628:
627:
626:
621:
613:
607:
604:
603:
596:
595:
588:
581:
573:
567:
566:
561:
554:
553:External links
551:
550:
549:
533:
531:. 5 July 2007.
515:
512:
509:
508:
476:
454:
429:
407:
385:
354:
328:
286:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
273:
268:
261:
258:
185:
182:
86:S-1-16-8192),
78:S-1-16-4096),
48:. In Windows,
41:
40:Implementation
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2360:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Windows To Go
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Photo Gallery
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Meeting Space
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:HyperTerminal
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Easy Transfer
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:Compatibility
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Library files
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Reparse point
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:Action Center
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:Snipping Tool
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:Character Map
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
817:
813:
807:
804:
802:
799:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
664:Control Panel
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:App Installer
652:
651:
649:
643:
637:
634:
632:
629:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:Architecture
614:
612:
609:
608:
605:
601:
594:
589:
587:
582:
580:
575:
574:
571:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
497:
493:
492:
491:Computerworld
487:
480:
472:
468:
464:
458:
444:
443:Adobe Systems
440:
433:
425:
421:
417:
411:
403:
399:
395:
389:
381:
377:
373:
369:
363:
361:
359:
350:
346:
342:
335:
333:
318:on 2008-05-16
314:
310:
303:
296:
294:
292:
287:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
257:
255:
251:
247:
242:
238:
232:
229:
225:
223:
222:Google Chrome
219:
214:
210:
208:
204:
200:
199:Google Chrome
196:
192:
181:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
75:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
2282:File Manager
2122:Photo Viewer
2057:Media Center
2017:Groove Music
1947:Address Book
1918:
1911:
1904:
1899:Purble Place
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1864:Chess Titans
1862:
1855:
1842:Discontinued
1830:
1823:
1642:
1522:Ntoskrnl.exe
1430:Boot Manager
1422:Architecture
1312:Group Policy
1204:File systems
1104:Saved search
1011:Sticky Notes
976:Quick Assist
904:Media Player
874:Feedback Hub
869:Fax and Scan
764:Task Manager
694:Event Viewer
674:Disk Cleanup
540:
524:
499:. Retrieved
489:
479:
466:
457:
446:. Retrieved
432:
419:
410:
397:
388:
375:
344:
320:. Retrieved
313:the original
233:
226:
218:Adobe Reader
211:
195:Adobe Reader
187:
167:
162:
154:
150:
129:, including
124:
119:
111:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
72:
68:
66:
58:access token
54:access token
43:
23:) is a core
20:
16:
15:
2297:Minesweeper
2266:Spun off to
2087:MSN Dial-up
2082:Movie Maker
1987:Diagnostics
1937:ActiveMovie
1679:COMMAND.COM
1557:Shadow Copy
1412:Server Core
1252:Mount Point
1179:Shadow Copy
774:Windows Ink
501:January 23,
237:Named pipes
184:Application
31:to running
2277:DVD Player
2092:NetMeeting
1992:DriveSpace
1857:3D Pinball
1357:SharePoint
1121:Start menu
966:Phone Link
829:Calculator
784:PowerShell
645:Management
448:2010-09-10
322:2007-10-08
282:References
180:function.
27:that adds
2072:Messenger
2067:Messaging
1997:DVD Maker
1967:CD Player
1962:CardSpace
1913:Solitaire
1613:BitLocker
1608:AppLocker
1242:Hard link
1131:Task View
1109:Namespace
1079:ClearType
899:Messaging
884:Magnifier
849:Clipchamp
824:3D Viewer
545:Microsoft
529:Microsoft
471:Microsoft
424:Microsoft
402:Microsoft
380:Microsoft
349:Microsoft
139:processes
33:processes
2342:Category
2316:Category
2193:MS-DOS 7
2178:ScanDisk
2097:NTBackup
1977:Contacts
1957:Cardfile
1892:Hold 'Em
1871:FreeCell
1717:VBScript
1628:Defender
1596:Security
1582:Winlogon
1537:Registry
1151:Services
1084:Explorer
1069:AutoPlay
956:Paint 3D
941:OneDrive
931:Narrator
879:Get Help
834:Calendar
729:Settings
699:IExpress
260:See also
151:write to
135:registry
116:Internet
108:elevated
2292:Mahjong
2213:Interix
2147:WinHelp
2047:Journal
2037:Imaging
1885:InkBall
1771:DirectX
1734:ActiveX
1722:JScript
1435:Console
1407:Hyper-V
1302:Domains
1126:Taskbar
1099:IFilter
1074:AutoRun
1036:WordPad
1031:Weather
946:OneNote
936:Notepad
859:Cortana
734:Sysprep
220:10 and
143:threads
127:objects
106:IL and
2325:
2314:
2287:Hover!
2161:Others
2142:Travel
2137:Syskey
1920:Tinker
1878:Hearts
1806:WinUSB
1791:WinAPI
1776:Native
1587:WinUSB
1512:MinWin
1289:Server
1089:Search
1001:Sports
971:Photos
961:People
839:Camera
266:icacls
205:, and
155:delete
104:Medium
96:System
80:Medium
2253:WinFS
2152:Write
1849:Games
1816:Games
1689:WoW64
1517:NTLDR
1507:LSASS
1440:CSRSS
1247:links
1222:exFAT
1051:Shell
1016:Store
1006:Start
996:Skype
951:Paint
926:Money
854:Clock
801:WinRE
709:Netsh
647:tools
636:Games
316:(PDF)
305:(PDF)
131:files
2327:List
2208:HPFS
1972:Chat
1930:Apps
1832:Surf
1781:.NET
1749:DCOM
1577:WHEA
1572:USER
1562:SMSS
1352:WSUS
1332:MSMQ
1274:ReFS
1237:NTFS
1212:CDFS
1169:CLFS
1164:BITS
1064:Aero
1041:Xbox
1021:Tips
909:2022
894:Maps
889:Mail
864:Edge
816:Apps
611:APIs
503:2017
163:read
141:and
112:High
100:SID:
92:SID:
88:High
84:SID:
2107:Pay
2007:Fax
1754:OLE
1729:COM
1712:WSH
1699:API
1460:DLL
1455:EXE
1367:PWS
1347:IIS
1307:DNS
1279:UDF
1267:EFS
1262:TxF
1232:FAT
1227:IFS
1217:DFS
806:WMI
496:IDG
241:LPC
170:DLL
153:or
120:Low
74:SID
69:Low
21:MIC
2344::
624:NT
619:9x
543:.
539:.
527:.
523:.
494:.
488:.
469:.
465:.
441:.
422:.
418:.
400:.
396:.
378:.
374:.
357:^
347:.
343:.
331:^
307:.
290:^
248:.
239:,
201:,
197:,
133:,
592:e
585:t
578:v
505:.
451:.
382:.
351:.
325:.
98:(
90:(
82:(
76::
71:(
19:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.