3534:
3687:
3999:
3636:
3772:
3755:
3483:
3857:
3789:
4016:
3823:
3449:
3551:
3517:
3948:
3914:
3891:
3466:
3965:
3840:
3931:
105:
3653:
3585:
3568:
471:
3670:
1005:
Turneraceae, Malesherbiaceae, and
Passifloraceae) of the order's 10 families along with Salicaceae, which have usually been assigned as a related order or suborder, are in this most derived malpighian suborder, so that eight of the 10 families of this suborder are Violales. The family Flacourtiaceae has proven to be polyphyletic as the cyanogenic members have been placed in Achariaceae and the ones with salicoid teeth were transferred to Salicaceae. Scyphostegiaceae, consisting of the single genus
133:
3704:
3619:
3602:
4033:
3738:
3874:
3500:
3982:
5926:
3721:
3806:
5895:
995:
The group is difficult to characterize phenotypically, due to sheer morphological diversity, ranging from tropical holoparasites with giant flowers and temperate trees and herbs with tiny, simple flowers. Members often have dentate leaves, with the teeth having a single vein running into a congested
812:
titled "L'Origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes", in which his
Passionales and Polygalinae were derived from Linaceae (in Guttales), with Passionales containing seven (of eight) families that also appear in the current Malpighiales, namely Passifloraceae, Salicaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
1004:
which are in the balanops clade (so-called
Chrysobalanaceae s. l.). The so-called parietal suborder (the clusioid clade and Ochnaceae s. l. were also part of Parietales) corresponds with the traditional Violales as 8 (Achariaceae, Violaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae,
4302:
Hengchang Wang; Michael J. Moore; Pamela S. Soltis; Charles D. Bell; Samuel F. Brockington; Roolse
Alexandre; Charles C. Davis; Maribeth Latvis; Steven R. Manchester & Douglas E. Soltis (10 March 2009), "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests",
4766:
Shuguang Jian; Pamela S. Soltis; Matthew A. Gitzendanner; Michael J. Moore; Ruiqi Li; Tory A. Hendry; Yin-Long Qiu; Amit
Dhingra; Charles D. Bell & Douglas E. Soltis (2008), "Resolving an Ancient, Rapid Radiation in Saxifragales",
4642:
Soltis, Douglas E.; Clayton, Joshua W.; Davis, Charles C.; Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Cheek, Martin; Savolainen, Vincent; Amorim, André M.; Soltis, Pamela S. (2007). "Monophyly and relationships of the enigmatic family
Peridiscaceae".
813:
Achariaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Malesherbiaceae, and
Turneraceae, and Polygalinae containing four (of 10) families that also appear in the current Malpighiales, namely Malpighiaceae, Violaceae, Dichapetalaceae, and Trigoniaceae.
2144:
managed to obtain a more resolved phylogenetic tree than previous studies through the use of data from a large number of genes. They included analyses of 82 plastid genes from 58 species (they ignored the problematic
3533:
3686:
578:, 35 families were recognized. Medusagynaceae, Quiinaceae, Peraceae, Malesherbiaceae, Turneraceae, Samydaceae, and Scyphostegiaceae were consolidated into other families. The largest family, by far, is the
3998:
3635:
3890:
3754:
3771:
4803:
Wortley, Alexandra H.; Rudall, Paula J.; Harris, David J.; Scotland, Robert W. (2005). "How Much Data are Needed to
Resolve a Difficult Phylogeny? Case Study in Lamiales".
4874:
Xi, Z.; Ruhfel, B. R.; Schaefer, H.; Amorim, A. M.; Sugumaran, M.; Wurdack, K. J.; Endress, P. K.; Matthews, M. L.; Stevens, P. F.; Mathews, S.; Davis, C. C. (2012).
4209:
Kenneth J. Wurdack & Charles C. Davis (2009), "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life",
4466:
4404:
J. Gordon
Burleigh; Khidir W. Hilu & Douglas E. Soltis (2009), "Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms",
3761:
3659:
3937:
4852:
5163:
4015:
475:
4465:
Philip D. Cantino; James A. Doyle; Sean W. Graham; Walter S. Judd; Richard G. Olmstead; Douglas E. Soltis; Pamela S. Soltis & Michael J. Donoghue (2007),
3693:
3954:
3856:
3812:
3727:
3489:
4005:
3482:
3788:
6084:
3947:
3863:
3839:
6123:
3913:
3516:
3930:
3822:
5084:"Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants"
4595:
Mark W. Chase et alii (42 authors). 1993. "Phylogenetics of seed plants: An analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL".
3550:
5214:
3439:
3448:
3652:
3465:
4370:
Li-Bing Zhang & Mark P. Simmons (2006), "Phylogeny and delimitation of the
Celastrales inferred from nuclear and plastid genes",
3703:
6272:
6058:
5262:
5012:
4726:
Darbah, V. F.; Oppong, E. K.; Eminah, J. K. (2012). "Chemical investigation of the stem bark of Dichapetalum magascariennse Poir".
3964:
3584:
6097:
820:
revolution led to a major restructuring of the order. The first semblance of Malpighiales as now known came from a phylogeny of
4501:
3737:
4993:
4946:
4284:
6102:
5035:
Cai, Liming; Xi, Zhenxiang; Amorim, André M.; Sugumaran, M.; Rest, Joshua S.; Liu, Liang; Davis, Charles C. (January 2019).
605:, ranging in size from one to 10 families. The relationships among these 16 groups remain poorly resolved. Malpighiales and
4526:
3567:
3805:
3601:
790:
789:, these authors did not use the suffix "ales" in naming their orders. The name "Malpighiales" is attributed by some to
3873:
4848:
4543:
4082:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
865:
studies, it receives strong statistical support. Since the APG II system was published in 2003, minor changes to the
5149:
5008:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
4665:
4614:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II"
3499:
6234:
6213:
3720:
849:
Hutchinson's name, though his concept of Malpighiales included much of what is now in Celastrales and Oxalidales.
6128:
5207:
3669:
3618:
6208:
4032:
996:
and often deciduous apex (i.e., violoid, salicoid, or theoid). Also, zeylanol has recently been discovered in
6110:
5241:
5037:"Widespread ancient whole-genome duplications in Malpighiales coincide with Eocene global climatic upheaval"
5267:
5257:
5180:
5154:
1032:
of 16 clades. It has been estimated that complete resolution of the phylogeny will require at least 25000
6006:
5993:
4985:
4613:
3981:
132:
6011:
648:, which produces an edible fruit and psychoactive flowers with a history of traditional medicinal uses;
6267:
5929:
5200:
5003:
4022:
3407:
1049:
866:
843:
794:
770:
224:
6177:
6239:
6138:
5159:
835:
4817:
4765:
5252:
4553:
3920:
3591:
3426:, together with the transfer of the COM clade from the fabids (rosid I) to the malvids (rosid II).
958:(Rafflesiaceae) had been either added or confirmed as members of Malpighiales by the end of 2009.
3506:
778:
230:
6164:
5984:
5946:
4812:
3897:
3540:
862:
817:
532:
114:
1048:
shown below is from Wurdack and Davis (2009). The statistical support for each branch is 100%
6262:
6159:
4301:
3744:
2182:
1053:
1025:
649:
6151:
6089:
6032:
4967:
4941:. Chicago, Illinois: Kew Publishing and The University of Chicago Press. pp. 302–341.
4891:
4629:
4464:
4312:
3846:
3710:
3642:
3523:
3472:
962:
657:
633:
104:
834:. This study recovered a group of rosids unlike any group found in any previous system of
8:
4164:
Susana Magallón & Amanda Castillo (2009), "Angiosperm diversification through time",
3778:
3557:
782:
653:
629:
234:
4895:
4316:
1044:. A similar situation exists with Lamiales and it has been analyzed in some detail. The
724:(rosid I). These in turn are part of a group that has long been recognized, namely, the
6221:
5913:
5247:
5112:
5083:
5065:
5036:
4914:
4875:
4493:
4428:
4387:
4335:
4234:
3880:
3608:
2154:
621:
455:
127:
5192:
6146:
6019:
5907:
5722:
5130:
5117:
5070:
4989:
4942:
4919:
4830:
4786:
4708:
4433:
4358:
Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta)
4340:
4280:
4264:
4226:
4181:
4098:
4081:
3971:
3625:
1056:, except where labeled, with bootstrap percentage followed by posterior probability.
1045:
747:
645:
617:
4391:
4238:
6226:
5919:
5504:
5333:
5303:
5145:
5107:
5097:
5088:
5060:
5050:
5021:
4909:
4899:
4822:
4776:
4698:
4625:
4485:
4423:
4413:
4379:
4330:
4320:
4272:
4268:
4218:
4173:
4103:
4093:
4053:
3795:
3455:
3122:
3014:
1465:
1289:
985:
637:
563:
540:
311:
301:
5998:
980:. Some differences of opinion on family delimitation exist, as well. For example,
470:
6024:
5807:
5665:
5315:
5278:
5224:
5041:
4979:
4669:
4403:
4057:
3356:
3294:
3168:
2990:
2575:
2498:
2282:
2009:
1923:
1720:
1419:
1316:
1143:
1101:
928:
913:
897:
873:
has been expanded from two genera to three, and then to four, and transferred to
766:
737:
544:
496:
492:
411:
376:
366:
326:
316:
296:
170:
30:
6115:
4586:
Lawrence, George. 1960. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, p. 132. Macmillan, New York
801:. The name was not used by those who wrote later, in the 1970s, '80s, and '90s.
5830:
5787:
5732:
5404:
5328:
4971:
4884:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4383:
4305:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3341:
2975:
2919:
2795:
2536:
2297:
1960:
1735:
1633:
1530:
1331:
1086:
966:
839:
713:
677:
575:
571:
431:
421:
406:
396:
286:
157:
119:
6200:
4826:
4781:
6256:
5709:
5670:
5602:
5520:
5380:
5228:
4975:
4039:
3676:
3423:
3419:
3318:
3255:
3137:
2771:
2344:
2228:
2146:
1809:
1791:
1670:
1450:
1255:
1188:
1158:
943:
887:
870:
821:
759:
579:
512:
480:
426:
416:
381:
361:
336:
331:
291:
256:
62:
4904:
4325:
6190:
5969:
5777:
5632:
5562:
5494:
5462:
5457:
5410:
5121:
5074:
4923:
4880:
data partitioning resolve the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation Malpighiales"
4849:"Catalogue of Organisms: Malpighiales: A Glorious Mess of Flowering Plants"
4834:
4790:
4712:
4703:
4686:
4437:
4418:
4344:
4230:
4185:
3903:
3829:
3574:
3411:
3216:
3183:
3060:
2841:
2756:
2150:
1655:
1587:
1404:
1374:
1125:
1007:
977:
923:
892:
874:
858:
846:
825:
805:
594:
441:
356:
351:
281:
276:
4544:"A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants"
6071:
5978:
5845:
5840:
5769:
5685:
5607:
5549:
5538:
5439:
5428:
5398:
5370:
5297:
5102:
4662:
4547:
4049:
3435:
3270:
2687:
2663:
2551:
1945:
1850:
1240:
1203:
882:
681:
556:
536:
346:
321:
271:
37:
4497:
4222:
4177:
5825:
5802:
5727:
5680:
5675:
5655:
5617:
5533:
5416:
5355:
5347:
4937:
Christenhusz, Maarten; Fay, Michael Francis; Chase, Mark Wayne (2017).
4108:
3988:
2904:
2826:
2630:
2474:
2437:
2178:
2067:
2032:
1875:
1602:
1545:
1302:
989:
981:
970:
948:
933:
908:
786:
755:
701:
685:
552:
548:
520:
516:
436:
341:
306:
242:
82:
47:
5082:
Endress, Peter K.; Davis, Charles C.; Matthews, Merran L. (May 2013).
5055:
5026:
5007:
6076:
6045:
5855:
5835:
5792:
5782:
5499:
5360:
5291:
4489:
3045:
2882:
2615:
1900:
1515:
1173:
1033:
954:
918:
742:
699:
Some recent studies have placed Malpighiales as sister to Oxalidales
620:, a tuber that is a major staple food crop in much of the world; the
610:
524:
446:
391:
386:
250:
87:
6063:
5940:
668:
and cottonwoods which are commonly used for timber – and many more.
6185:
5963:
5850:
5759:
5754:
5742:
5690:
5660:
5584:
5481:
5447:
5422:
5365:
4981:
Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants
4939:
Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants
3415:
2329:
2243:
1766:
1218:
1029:
961:
Some family delimitations have changed, as well, most notably, the
706:
688:, and Malpighiales. Some describe it as containing a fourth order,
606:
590:
507:. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the
504:
401:
371:
183:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
6050:
5894:
4208:
5817:
5797:
5647:
5637:
5627:
5622:
5509:
829:
721:
717:
693:
661:
500:
92:
67:
988:
may be recognized as families or included in a large version of
5860:
5594:
5572:
5452:
5392:
2161:
identified 12 additional clades and three major, basal clades.
938:
725:
689:
625:
583:
508:
209:
196:
4747:
4672:". Version 6 February 2007". In: The Tree of Life Web Project.
4641:
4611:
4163:
6172:
6037:
1041:
902:
665:
641:
602:
567:
144:
4687:"A survey of tricolpate(eudicot) phylogenetic relationships"
4369:
3410:(APG) classification of 2016 (APG IV) were the inclusion of
624:, which produces the largest known flower of any plant; the
4802:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
598:
528:
4524:
4079:
1037:
762:, a family of tropical and subtropical flowering plants.
705:(including Huaceae), while others have found a different
680:
group called the COM clade, which consists of the orders
4744:
Brummitt, 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera. Kew.
4263:
4116:
5222:
4873:
793:. In the 20th century, it was usually associated with
4448:
4446:
4144:
4142:
4140:
5034:
4936:
499:, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000
4966:
4753:
4725:
4680:
4678:
4443:
4244:
4137:
797:, who used it in all three editions of his book,
6254:
4254:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Richmond, England.
636:, a herb with a long history of medicinal uses;
4675:
4541:
785:described such an order in 1820. Unlike modern
4567:
4549:Home page of James L Reveal and C. Rose Broome
4159:
4157:
696:into its own order, separate from Oxalidales.
551:Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (
5208:
5081:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4131:
4684:
4397:
660:, one of the most toxic trees in the world;
4796:
4577:3rd edition. 1973. Oxford University Press.
4531:, Paris: Herrisant and Barrois, p. 252
4518:
4458:
4363:
4154:
3440:List of plant family names with etymologies
562:The Malpighiales are divided into 32 to 42
5215:
5201:
4728:International Journal of Applied Chemistry
4655:
4635:
4535:
4297:
4295:
4277:Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms
4191:
103:
5111:
5101:
5064:
5054:
5025:
4913:
4903:
4816:
4780:
4702:
4589:
4427:
4417:
4350:
4334:
4324:
4257:
4107:
4097:
3429:
1024:The phylogeny of Malpighiales is, at its
616:Some examples of notable species include
5013:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
4759:
4618:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
4467:"Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of
4086:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
4075:
4073:
869:of the order have been made. The family
531:, and are hard to recognize except with
469:
5144:
4612:The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003),
4597:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
4292:
4148:
1386:Chrysobalanaceae s.l.
582:, with about 6300 species in about 245
535:evidence. It is not part of any of the
6255:
5002:
4630:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x
4452:
720:(rosid II), though formally placed in
5945:
5944:
5196:
4605:
4070:
1912:Passifloraceae s.l.
976:when it was shown that the latter is
842:systems being used at that time, the
6214:274101ef-7522-4464-8e90-86e9a3e9dbea
6178:D01D42C7-AADD-EF0F-7116-A8F390A164AF
6139:36cd1709-9310-4a68-9f16-1e9b0ee2c10b
5128:
4855:from the original on 4 December 2013
640:, the source of the infamous poison
632:, an important food and fiber crop;
547:calculations estimate the origin of
5166:from the original on 19 August 2016
4685:Judd, W.S.; Olmstead, R.G. (2004).
4525:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1789),
4080:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
13:
852:
804:The taxon was largely presaged by
601:, 42 families were placed into 16
14:
6284:
5188:
2021:Salicaceae s.l.
1011:has been merged into Salicaceae.
824:published in 1993 and based upon
769:for one of the orders created by
765:The family Malpighiaceae was the
652:, a common ornamental plant; the
16:Eudicot order of flowering plants
5925:
5924:
5893:
4575:The Families of Flowering Plants
4279:, Sunderland, MA, USA: Sinauer,
4099:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
4031:
4014:
3997:
3980:
3963:
3946:
3929:
3912:
3901:(hollyspurge family; type genus
3889:
3872:
3855:
3838:
3821:
3804:
3787:
3770:
3753:
3736:
3719:
3702:
3685:
3668:
3651:
3634:
3617:
3600:
3583:
3566:
3549:
3532:
3515:
3498:
3481:
3464:
3447:
1839:parietal clade
1504:Ochnaceae s.l.
799:The Families of Flowering Plants
131:
35:
6273:Extant Aptian first appearances
5131:"Malpighiales Phylogeny Poster"
4959:
4930:
4867:
4841:
4738:
4719:
4580:
2149:), using partitions identified
810:Archiv. Néerl. Sci. Exact. Nat.
609:are the two large orders whose
676:Malpighiales is a member of a
559:Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.
1:
5004:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV
4063:
838:. To make a clear break with
808:in 1912 in an article in the
671:
5181:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
4250:Alan Radcliffe-Smith. 2001.
3816:(Mickey-Mouse-plant family)
1014:
712:The COM clade is part of an
491:comprise one of the largest
7:
4986:University of Chicago Press
4968:Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.
4356:Alexander B. Doweld. 2001.
613:remains mostly unresolved.
570:in the order are given the
10:
6291:
5129:Cole, Theodor C H (2018).
4384:10.1600/036364406775971778
4211:American Journal of Botany
4166:American Journal of Botany
4023:Tristellateia australasiae
3433:
3408:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
1709:phyllanthoids
844:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
731:
5953:
5902:
5891:
5816:
5768:
5750:
5741:
5718:
5707:
5646:
5593:
5580:
5571:
5558:
5547:
5529:
5518:
5490:
5479:
5438:
5388:
5379:
5346:
5342:
5324:
5313:
5287:
5276:
5236:
5160:Missouri Botanical Garden
4827:10.1080/10635150500221028
4782:10.1080/10635150801888871
4056:, and "koteb family" for
3714:(St.-John's-wort family)
3354:
3339:
3332:
3316:
3292:
3268:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3214:
3181:
3166:
3159:
3135:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3058:
3043:
3036:
3012:
2988:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2917:
2902:
2895:
2880:
2873:
2839:
2824:
2817:
2793:
2769:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2718:
2685:
2661:
2628:
2613:
2606:
2573:
2549:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2496:
2472:
2450:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2342:
2327:
2320:
2295:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2241:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2197:
2176:
2169:
2065:
2052:
2045:
2030:
2023:
2007:
2000:
1958:
1943:
1936:
1921:
1914:
1898:
1891:
1873:
1866:
1848:
1841:
1807:
1789:
1782:
1764:
1757:
1733:
1718:
1711:
1668:
1653:
1646:
1631:
1624:
1600:
1585:
1578:
1568:
1543:
1528:
1513:
1506:
1463:
1448:
1441:
1417:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1372:
1365:
1329:
1314:
1307:
1287:
1280:
1253:
1238:
1231:
1216:
1201:
1186:
1171:
1156:
1141:
1123:
1099:
1084:
1077:
1067:
461:
454:
268:
263:
248:
241:
128:Scientific classification
126:
111:
102:
23:
4542:James L. Reveal (2008),
4406:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3941:(childlife-tree family)
3921:Podostemum ceratophyllum
3867:(lightning-bush family)
3748:(twentymen-tree family)
3592:Dichapetalum gelonioides
692:, separating the family
4905:10.1073/pnas.1205818109
4754:Christenhusz et al 2017
4360:. Geos: Moscow, Russia.
4326:10.1073/pnas.0813376106
4009:(triangle-vine family)
3958:(corpse-flower family)
3507:Calophyllum brasiliense
2135:
1019:
779:Friedrich von Berchtold
566:, depending upon which
4978:(2017). "Salicaceae".
4704:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1627
4661:Mac H. Alford. 2007. "
4419:10.1186/1471-2148-9-61
4252:Genera Euphorbiacearum
4026:(Malpighiaceae family)
3898:Petalostigma pubescens
3850:(passionfruit family)
3762:Lacistema hasslerianum
3660:Euphronia hirtelloides
3541:Centroplacus glaucinus
3430:Gallery of type genera
1566:clusioids
863:molecular phylogenetic
818:molecular phylogenetic
539:systems based only on
533:molecular phylogenetic
484:
115:Calophyllum inophyllum
6160:Paleobiology Database
4668:3 August 2020 at the
4271:; Endress, Peter K.;
3938:Putranjiva roxburghii
3745:Ixonanthes reticulata
3527:(souari-tree family)
3459:(chaulmoogra family)
1054:posterior probability
1028:level, an unresolved
952:(Rafflesiaceae), and
473:
4988:. pp. 329–330.
4048:"Litoh family" is a
3884:(leafflower family)
3847:Passiflora incarnata
3731:(ogbono-nut family)
3711:Hypericum canariense
3643:Euphorbia antiquorum
3578:(mangosteen family)
3524:Caryocar brasiliense
3493:(cascarilla family)
3476:(pimplebark family)
3473:Balanops australiana
3406:Changes made in the
2390:parietal clade
1301:Rhizophoraceae
1052:percentage and 100%
836:plant classification
736:The French botanist
622:stinking corpse lily
555:) and the origin of
503:, about 7.8% of the
476:Aspidopterys cordata
4896:2012PNAS..10917519X
4876:"Phylogenomics and
4317:2009PNAS..106.3853W
4223:10.3732/ajb.0800207
4178:10.3732/ajb.0800060
3924:(riverweed family)
3779:Linum usitatissimum
3765:(cemp-wood family)
3694:Humiria balsamifera
3663:(euphronia family)
3612:(waterwort family)
3558:Chrysobalanus icaco
3544:(biku-biku family)
906:(Centroplacaceae),
750:'s work on plants;
709:for the COM clade.
5103:10.1093/aob/mct056
4805:Systematic Biology
4769:Systematic Biology
4556:on 20 January 2016
4265:Soltis, Douglas E.
4132:Endress et al 2013
3975:(mangrove family)
3955:Rafflesia Arnoldii
3881:Phyllanthus niruri
3833:(kana-nut family)
3609:Elatine hydropiper
3561:(cocoplum family)
3510:(takamaka family)
2157:mixture model. Xi
1888: 82/100
1804: 85/100
1040:sequence data per
574:of family. In the
485:
6268:Angiosperm orders
6250:
6249:
6147:Open Tree of Life
5947:Taxon identifiers
5938:
5937:
5908:Basal angiosperms
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5723:Berberidopsidales
5703:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5056:10.1111/nph.15357
5027:10.1111/boj.12385
4995:978-0-226-52292-0
4948:978-0-226-52292-0
4697:(10): 1627–1644.
4372:Systematic Botany
4311:(10): 3853–3858,
4286:978-0-87893-817-9
4269:Soltis, Pamela S.
3972:Rhizophora mangle
3799:(acerola family)
3626:Erythroxylum coca
3595:(ratbane family)
3403:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3305:
3304:
3281:
3280:
3227:
3226:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3193:
3148:
3147:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3025:
3024:
3001:
3000:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2930:
2929:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2806:
2805:
2782:
2781:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2674:
2673:
2650:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2562:
2561:
2509:
2508:
2485:
2484:
2461:
2460:
2452:Scyphostegiaceae
2373:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2308:
2307:
2254:
2253:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2054:Scyphostegiaceae
1989:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1889:
1864:
1863: 76/98
1829:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1805:
1780:
1779: 90/90
1746:
1745:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1613:
1612:
1576:
1575: 92/98
1556:
1555:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1430:
1429:
1363:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1278:
1266:
1265:
1139:
1112:
1111:
1075:
1046:phylogenetic tree
773:in his 1789 work
748:Marcello Malpighi
634:Saint John's wort
468:
467:
237:
6280:
6243:
6242:
6230:
6229:
6217:
6216:
6204:
6203:
6194:
6193:
6181:
6180:
6168:
6167:
6155:
6154:
6142:
6141:
6132:
6131:
6119:
6118:
6116:NHMSYS0020824592
6106:
6105:
6093:
6092:
6080:
6079:
6067:
6066:
6054:
6053:
6041:
6040:
6028:
6027:
6015:
6014:
6002:
6001:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5942:
5941:
5928:
5927:
5897:
5748:
5747:
5716:
5715:
5578:
5577:
5556:
5555:
5527:
5526:
5488:
5487:
5386:
5385:
5344:
5343:
5322:
5321:
5304:Austrobaileyales
5285:
5284:
5263:Acrogymnospermae
5225:flowering plants
5217:
5210:
5203:
5194:
5193:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5125:
5115:
5105:
5089:Annals of Botany
5078:
5068:
5058:
5031:
5029:
4999:
4953:
4952:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4917:
4907:
4890:(43): 17519–24.
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4820:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4784:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4706:
4682:
4673:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4609:
4603:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4578:
4573:John Hutchinson
4571:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4552:, archived from
4539:
4533:
4532:
4528:Genera Plantarum
4522:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4500:, archived from
4490:10.2307/25065865
4475:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4431:
4421:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4367:
4361:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4328:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4261:
4255:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4217:(8): 1551–1570,
4206:
4189:
4188:
4161:
4152:
4146:
4135:
4129:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4101:
4077:
4054:Ctenolophonaceae
4043:(violet family)
4035:
4018:
4001:
3992:(willow family)
3984:
3967:
3950:
3933:
3916:
3893:
3876:
3859:
3842:
3825:
3813:Ochna thomasiana
3808:
3796:Malpighia glabra
3791:
3774:
3757:
3740:
3728:Irvingia smithii
3723:
3706:
3689:
3672:
3655:
3646:(spurge family)
3638:
3621:
3604:
3587:
3570:
3553:
3536:
3519:
3502:
3490:Bonnetia stricta
3485:
3468:
3456:Acharia tragodes
3451:
3335:
3334:
3249:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3162:
3161:
3123:Chrysobalanaceae
3116:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3097:chrysobalanoids
3094:
3093:
3039:
3038:
3015:Ctenolophonaceae
2969:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2898:
2897:
2876:
2875:
2820:
2819:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2609:
2608:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2386:
2323:
2322:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2048:
2047:
2026:
2025:
2003:
2002:
1939:
1938:
1917:
1916:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1844:
1843:
1803:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1760:
1759:
1714:
1713:
1649:
1648:
1627:
1626:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1509:
1508:
1466:Chrysobalanaceae
1444:
1443:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1310:
1309:
1290:Ctenolophonaceae
1283:
1282:
1276:
1234:
1233:
1137:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1059:
986:Scyphostegiaceae
857:Malpighiales is
791:Carl von Martius
775:Genera Plantarum
740:named the genus
541:plant morphology
497:flowering plants
312:Ctenolophonaceae
302:Chrysobalanaceae
223:
136:
135:
107:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
6290:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6238:
6233:
6225:
6220:
6212:
6207:
6199:
6197:
6189:
6184:
6176:
6171:
6163:
6158:
6150:
6145:
6137:
6135:
6127:
6122:
6114:
6109:
6101:
6096:
6088:
6083:
6075:
6070:
6062:
6057:
6049:
6044:
6036:
6031:
6023:
6018:
6010:
6005:
5997:
5992:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5949:
5939:
5934:
5898:
5865:
5812:
5764:
5737:
5712:
5695:
5666:Crossosomatales
5642:
5589:
5567:
5552:
5543:
5523:
5514:
5505:Trochodendrales
5484:
5467:
5434:
5375:
5338:
5334:Ceratophyllales
5318:
5309:
5281:
5272:
5253:Marchantiophyta
5232:
5221:
5191:
5186:
5169:
5167:
5135:
5133:
5042:New Phytologist
4996:
4972:Fay, Michael F.
4962:
4957:
4956:
4949:
4935:
4931:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4818:10.1.1.572.9568
4801:
4797:
4764:
4760:
4752:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4724:
4720:
4683:
4676:
4670:Wayback Machine
4660:
4656:
4640:
4636:
4610:
4606:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4572:
4568:
4559:
4557:
4540:
4536:
4523:
4519:
4510:
4508:
4507:on 11 July 2021
4504:
4473:
4463:
4459:
4451:
4444:
4402:
4398:
4368:
4364:
4355:
4351:
4300:
4293:
4287:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4245:
4207:
4192:
4162:
4155:
4147:
4138:
4130:
4117:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4058:Lophopyxidaceae
4044:
4036:
4027:
4019:
4010:
4002:
3993:
3985:
3976:
3968:
3959:
3951:
3942:
3934:
3925:
3917:
3908:
3894:
3885:
3877:
3868:
3860:
3851:
3843:
3834:
3826:
3817:
3809:
3800:
3792:
3783:
3775:
3766:
3758:
3749:
3741:
3732:
3724:
3715:
3707:
3698:
3697:(umiri family)
3690:
3681:
3673:
3664:
3656:
3647:
3639:
3630:
3622:
3613:
3605:
3596:
3588:
3579:
3571:
3562:
3554:
3545:
3537:
3528:
3520:
3511:
3503:
3494:
3486:
3477:
3469:
3460:
3452:
3443:
3432:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3357:Lophopyxidaceae
3306:
3295:Centroplacaceae
3282:
3228:
3204:
3195:
3169:Dichapetalaceae
3149:
3081:
3072:
3026:
3002:
2991:Erythroxylaceae
2949:
2940:
2931:
2862:
2853:
2807:
2783:
2708:
2699:
2675:
2651:
2642:
2596:
2587:
2576:Malesherbiaceae
2563:
2510:
2499:Lacistemataceae
2486:
2462:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2309:
2283:Picrodendraceae
2255:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2010:Lacistemataceae
1990:
1981:
1972:
1924:Malesherbiaceae
1830:
1821:
1747:
1721:Picrodendraceae
1700:
1691:
1682:
1614:
1557:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1431:
1420:Dichapetalaceae
1352:
1343:
1317:Erythroxylaceae
1267:
1144:Centroplacaceae
1113:
1102:Lophopyxidaceae
1022:
1017:
929:Trichostephanus
914:Erythroxylaceae
898:Centroplacaceae
867:circumscription
855:
853:Circumscription
795:John Hutchinson
738:Charles Plumier
734:
716:group known as
674:
658:manchineel tree
545:Molecular clock
412:Picrodendraceae
377:Lophopyxidaceae
367:Lacistemataceae
327:Erythroxylaceae
317:Dichapetalaceae
297:Centroplacaceae
259:
254:
222:
130:
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
31:Late Cretaceous
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6288:
6287:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6231:
6227:wfo-9000000311
6218:
6205:
6195:
6182:
6169:
6156:
6143:
6133:
6120:
6107:
6094:
6081:
6068:
6055:
6042:
6029:
6016:
6003:
5990:
5975:
5959:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5808:Paracryphiales
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5733:Caryophyllales
5730:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5652:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5581:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5316:Mesangiosperms
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5288:
5282:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5258:Polypodiophyta
5255:
5250:
5245:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5220:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5197:
5190:
5189:External links
5187:
5185:
5184:
5150:"Malpighiales"
5142:
5126:
5096:(5): 969–985.
5079:
5049:(1): 565–576.
5032:
5000:
4994:
4976:Chase, Mark W.
4963:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4929:
4866:
4840:
4811:(5): 697–709.
4795:
4758:
4746:
4737:
4718:
4674:
4654:
4634:
4624:(4): 399–436,
4604:
4588:
4579:
4566:
4534:
4517:
4484:(3): 822–846,
4457:
4442:
4396:
4378:(1): 122–137,
4362:
4349:
4291:
4285:
4273:Chase, Mark W.
4256:
4243:
4190:
4172:(1): 349–365,
4153:
4136:
4115:
4092:(2): 105–121.
4068:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4030:
4028:
4020:
4013:
4011:
4006:Trigonia nivea
4003:
3996:
3994:
3986:
3979:
3977:
3969:
3962:
3960:
3952:
3945:
3943:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3918:
3911:
3909:
3895:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3844:
3837:
3835:
3827:
3820:
3818:
3810:
3803:
3801:
3793:
3786:
3784:
3782:(flax family)
3776:
3769:
3767:
3759:
3752:
3750:
3742:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3708:
3701:
3699:
3691:
3684:
3682:
3680:(kopi family)
3674:
3667:
3665:
3657:
3650:
3648:
3640:
3633:
3631:
3629:(coca family)
3623:
3616:
3614:
3606:
3599:
3597:
3589:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3565:
3563:
3555:
3548:
3546:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3487:
3480:
3478:
3470:
3463:
3461:
3453:
3446:
3431:
3428:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:Putranjivaceae
3338:
3333:
3331:
3330:putranjivoids
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:Rhizophoraceae
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2920:Medusagynaceae
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:Calophyllaceae
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2537:Passifloraceae
2533:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2298:Phyllanthaceae
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2271:phyllanthoids
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2153:by applying a
2137:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:Passifloraceae
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:Phyllanthaceae
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:Calophyllaceae
1630:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:Medusagynaceae
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:Rhizophoraceae
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:Putranjivaceae
1083:
1078:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
967:Calophyllaceae
854:
851:
840:classification
733:
730:
673:
670:
576:APG III system
572:taxonomic rank
537:classification
466:
465:
463:Rhizophorales
459:
458:
452:
451:
450:
449:
444:
439:
434:
432:Rhizophoraceae
429:
424:
422:Putranjivaceae
419:
414:
409:
407:Phyllanthaceae
404:
399:
397:Passifloraceae
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
287:Calophyllaceae
284:
279:
274:
266:
265:
261:
260:
255:
246:
245:
239:
238:
217:
213:
212:
207:
200:
199:
194:
187:
186:
181:
174:
173:
168:
161:
160:
155:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
124:
123:
120:Calophyllaceae
109:
108:
100:
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6286:
6285:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6241:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6196:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5976:
5971:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5943:
5931:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5896:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5831:Metteniusales
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5788:Escalloniales
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5710:Superasterids
5706:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:Zygophyllales
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5546:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5521:Core eudicots
5517:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5478:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5405:Petrosaviales
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5329:Chloranthales
5327:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5312:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5213:
5211:
5206:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5182:
5179:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5146:Stevens, P.F.
5143:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4950:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4870:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4741:
4734:(3): 199–207.
4733:
4729:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4679:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4658:
4650:
4646:
4638:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4598:
4592:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4538:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4353:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4298:
4296:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4253:
4247:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4040:Viola odorata
4034:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3864:Pera glabrata
3858:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3677:Goupia glabra
3671:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3424:Ixonanthaceae
3421:
3420:Euphorbiaceae
3417:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:Caryocaraceae
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:Malpighiaceae
3251:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3237:malpighioids
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:Euphroniaceae
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:Podostemaceae
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:Ixonanthaceae
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2229:Euphorbiaceae
2224:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2210:euphorbioids
2209:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2195:Malpighiales
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:Rafflesiaceae
2143:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:Euphorbiaceae
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:Rafflesiaceae
1787:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:Podostemaceae
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:Euphroniaceae
1446:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:Malpighiaceae
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:Ixonanthaceae
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:Caryocaraceae
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1003:
999:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
956:
951:
950:
945:
944:Rafflesiaceae
941:
940:
935:
931:
930:
925:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:
905:
904:
899:
895:
894:
889:
888:Ixonanthaceae
885:
884:
878:
876:
872:
871:Peridiscaceae
868:
864:
860:
850:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
827:
826:DNA sequences
823:
819:
814:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
760:Malpighiaceae
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
703:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:DNA sequences
592:
587:
585:
581:
580:Euphorbiaceae
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
482:
481:Malpighiaceae
478:
477:
472:
464:
460:
457:
453:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:Rafflesiaceae
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:Podostemaceae
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Malpighiaceae
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
362:Ixonanthaceae
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
337:Euphroniaceae
335:
333:
332:Euphorbiaceae
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
292:Caryocaraceae
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
267:
262:
258:
253:
252:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
226:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:Tracheophytes
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
125:
121:
117:
116:
110:
106:
101:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
32:
22:
19:
6263:Malpighiales
5985:Malpighiales
5955:Malpighiales
5954:
5778:Aquifoliales
5671:Picramniales
5633:Cucurbitales
5613:Malpighiales
5612:
5563:Saxifragales
5495:Ranunculales
5463:Zingiberales
5458:Commelinales
5411:Dioscoreales
5292:Amborellales
5268:Angiospermae
5177:
5168:. Retrieved
5155:AP Web v. 14
5153:
5134:. Retrieved
5093:
5087:
5046:
5040:
5017:
5011:
4980:
4960:Bibliography
4938:
4932:
4887:
4883:
4878:a posteriori
4877:
4869:
4857:. Retrieved
4843:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4775:(1): 38–57,
4772:
4768:
4761:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4694:
4690:
4657:
4648:
4644:
4637:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4602:(3):528-580.
4599:
4596:
4591:
4582:
4574:
4569:
4560:11 September
4558:, retrieved
4554:the original
4548:
4537:
4527:
4520:
4511:11 September
4509:, retrieved
4502:the original
4481:
4477:
4469:Tracheophyta
4468:
4460:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4308:
4304:
4276:
4259:
4251:
4246:
4214:
4210:
4169:
4165:
4149:Stevens 2020
4089:
4085:
4047:
4038:
4021:
4004:
3987:
3970:
3953:
3936:
3919:
3904:Picrodendron
3902:
3896:
3879:
3862:
3845:
3830:Panda oleosa
3828:
3811:
3794:
3777:
3760:
3743:
3726:
3709:
3692:
3675:
3658:
3641:
3624:
3607:
3590:
3575:Clusia rosea
3573:
3556:
3539:
3522:
3505:
3488:
3471:
3454:
3412:Irvingiaceae
3405:
3355:
3340:
3317:
3293:
3269:
3254:
3217:Balanopaceae
3215:
3184:Trigoniaceae
3182:
3167:
3136:
3121:
3061:Irvingiaceae
3059:
3044:
3013:
2989:
2974:
2918:
2903:
2881:
2842:Bonnetiaceae
2840:
2825:
2794:
2770:
2757:Hypericaceae
2755:
2686:
2662:
2629:
2614:
2574:
2550:
2535:
2497:
2473:
2451:
2436:
2343:
2328:
2296:
2281:
2242:
2227:
2177:
2158:
2151:a posteriori
2141:
2139:
2066:
2053:
2031:
2008:
1959:
1944:
1922:
1899:
1874:
1849:
1808:
1790:
1765:
1734:
1719:
1669:
1656:Hypericaceae
1654:
1632:
1601:
1588:Bonnetiaceae
1586:
1544:
1529:
1514:
1464:
1449:
1418:
1405:Trigoniaceae
1403:
1375:Balanopaceae
1373:
1330:
1315:
1288:
1254:
1239:
1217:
1202:
1187:
1172:
1157:
1142:
1126:Irvingiaceae
1124:
1100:
1085:
1064:Malpighiales
1063:
1023:
1008:Scyphostegia
1006:
1002:Dichapetalum
1001:
997:
994:
978:paraphyletic
973:
960:
953:
947:
937:
927:
924:Bonnetiaceae
917:
907:
901:
893:Centroplacus
891:
881:
879:
875:Saxifragales
859:monophyletic
856:
830:
828:of the gene
815:
809:
806:Hans Hallier
803:
798:
774:
764:
751:
746:in honor of
741:
735:
711:
700:
698:
678:supraordinal
675:
646:passionfruit
615:
588:
561:
489:Malpighiales
488:
486:
474:
462:
442:Trigoniaceae
357:Irvingiaceae
352:Hypericaceae
282:Bonnetiaceae
277:Balanopaceae
249:
227:
220:Malpighiales
219:
203:
190:
177:
164:
151:
113:
24:Malpighiales
18:
6072:iNaturalist
5979:Wikispecies
5846:Gentianales
5841:Boraginales
5770:Campanulids
5686:Brassicales
5608:Celastrales
5550:Superrosids
5539:Dilleniales
5440:Commelinids
5429:Asparagales
5399:Alismatales
5371:Magnoliales
5298:Nymphaeales
5279:Angiosperms
5240:Supergroup
5020:(1): 1–20.
4651:(1): 65–73.
4453:APG IV 2016
4109:10654/18083
4050:common name
3907:not shown)
3436:etymologies
3271:Elatinaceae
2688:Humiriaceae
2664:Achariaceae
2552:Turneraceae
1946:Turneraceae
1851:Achariaceae
1241:Elatinaceae
1204:Humiriaceae
963:segregation
883:Cyrillopsis
880:The genera
847:resurrected
822:seed plants
787:taxonomists
767:type family
682:Celastrales
638:castor bean
557:crown group
347:Humiriaceae
322:Elatinaceae
272:Achariaceae
171:Angiosperms
6257:Categories
5914:Alismatids
5826:Icacinales
5803:Dipsacales
5728:Santalales
5681:Huerteales
5676:Sapindales
5656:Geraniales
5618:Oxalidales
5534:Gunnerales
5417:Pandanales
5356:Canellales
5348:Magnoliids
5223:Orders of
4859:6 December
4691:Am. J. Bot
4663:Samydaceae
4064:References
3989:Salix alba
2905:Quiinaceae
2827:Clusiaceae
2731:clusioids
2631:Goupiaceae
2475:Samydaceae
2438:Salicaceae
2405:salicoids
2179:Oxalidales
2068:Salicaceae
2033:Samydaceae
1876:Goupiaceae
1603:Clusiaceae
1546:Quiinaceae
1034:base pairs
990:Salicaceae
982:Samydaceae
974:sensu lato
971:Clusiaceae
949:Rhizanthes
934:Samydaceae
909:Aneulophus
756:type genus
702:sensu lato
686:Oxalidales
672:Affinities
654:mangosteen
650:poinsettia
589:In a 2009
549:stem group
529:coca plant
521:manchineel
517:poinsettia
437:Salicaceae
342:Goupiaceae
307:Clusiaceae
243:Type genus
112:Flower of
5861:Vahliales
5856:Solanales
5836:Garryales
5793:Bruniales
5783:Asterales
5500:Proteales
5361:Piperales
5248:Bryophyta
5148:(2020) .
4813:CiteSeerX
3046:Pandaceae
2883:Ochnaceae
2871:ochnoids
2616:Violaceae
2142:Xi et al.
2140:In 2012,
1901:Violaceae
1516:Ochnaceae
1174:Pandaceae
1050:bootstrap
1015:Phylogeny
955:Rafflesia
919:Ploiarium
783:Jan Presl
752:Malpighia
743:Malpighia
611:phylogeny
525:rafflesia
447:Violaceae
392:Pandaceae
387:Ochnaceae
264:Families
251:Malpighia
141:Kingdom:
6209:VicFlora
6198:VASCAN:
6191:50324542
6186:Tropicos
5964:Wikidata
5930:Category
5920:Lilioids
5851:Lamiales
5760:Ericales
5755:Cornales
5743:Asterids
5691:Malvales
5661:Myrtales
5482:Eudicots
5448:Arecales
5423:Liliales
5393:Acorales
5381:Monocots
5366:Laurales
5178:see also
5170:28 April
5164:Archived
5136:27 April
5122:23486341
5075:30030969
5006:(2016).
4924:23045684
4853:Archived
4835:16195214
4791:18275001
4713:21652313
4666:Archived
4498:25065865
4438:19292928
4392:86095495
4345:19223592
4275:(2005),
4239:23284896
4231:21628300
4186:21628193
3416:Peraceae
2330:Linaceae
2318:linoids
2244:Peraceae
2183:outgroup
2155:Bayesian
1767:Peraceae
1219:Linaceae
1030:polytomy
998:Balanops
758:for the
714:unranked
707:topology
630:flaxseed
607:Lamiales
564:families
505:eudicots
456:Synonyms
402:Peraceae
372:Linaceae
184:Eudicots
33:– recent
5818:Lamiids
5798:Apiales
5648:Malvids
5638:Fagales
5628:Rosales
5623:Fabales
5585:Vitales
5510:Buxales
5113:3631340
5066:6265113
4915:3491498
4892:Bibcode
4429:2674047
4336:2644257
4313:Bibcode
2181: (
1026:deepest
861:and in
771:Jussieu
754:is the
732:History
722:Fabidae
718:malvids
694:Huaceae
662:poplars
626:willows
618:cassava
501:species
235:J.Presl
231:Bercht.
216:Order:
145:Plantae
6240:413964
6165:183005
6152:429482
6136:NZOR:
6103:822428
5999:214989
5970:Q21887
5595:Fabids
5573:Rosids
5453:Poales
5229:APG IV
5120:
5110:
5073:
5063:
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4390:
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3438:, see
2159:et al.
1362:99/100
1277:84/100
1138:84/100
1074:98/100
939:Sapria
726:rosids
690:Huales
666:aspens
603:groups
597:of 13
584:genera
568:clades
513:violet
509:willow
493:orders
233:&
210:Fabids
197:Rosids
6235:WoRMS
6173:Plazi
6090:10112
6085:IRMNG
6077:51820
6051:1MALO
6012:42562
5242:Plant
4645:Taxon
4505:(PDF)
4494:JSTOR
4478:Taxon
4474:(PDF)
4388:S2CID
4235:S2CID
1042:taxon
969:from
903:Bhesa
642:ricin
599:genes
591:study
225:Juss.
204:Clade
191:Clade
178:Clade
165:Clade
152:Clade
6129:3646
6124:NCBI
6098:ITIS
6064:1414
6059:GBIF
6046:EPPO
6038:4188
6007:BOLD
5994:APNI
5172:2020
5138:2020
5118:PMID
5071:PMID
4990:ISBN
4943:ISBN
4920:PMID
4861:2013
4831:PMID
4787:PMID
4709:PMID
4562:2009
4513:2009
4434:PMID
4341:PMID
4281:ISBN
4227:PMID
4182:PMID
4052:for
3434:For
3422:and
2136:2012
1303:s.l.
1020:2009
1000:and
984:and
831:rbcL
816:The
781:and
527:and
487:The
38:PreꞒ
6222:WFO
6111:NBN
6033:EoL
6025:MLP
6020:CoL
5108:PMC
5098:doi
5094:111
5061:PMC
5051:doi
5047:221
5022:doi
5018:181
4910:PMC
4900:doi
4888:109
4823:doi
4777:doi
4699:doi
4626:doi
4622:141
4486:doi
4424:PMC
4414:doi
4380:doi
4331:PMC
4321:doi
4309:106
4219:doi
4174:doi
4104:hdl
4094:doi
4090:161
1038:DNA
1036:of
965:of
946:),
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900:),
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