8013:
8108:
8236:
8164:
8053:
193:
8220:
424:
8137:
43:
16026:
16116:
8201:
3444:
16038:
8069:
16092:
16104:
154:
16128:
16064:
16050:
453:
8012:
1928:). Current print media almost entirely uses reformed orthography. The state run primary education introduces the Malayalam writing to the pupils in reformed script only and the books are printed accordingly. However, the digital media uses both traditional and reformed in almost equal proportions as the fonts for both the orthographies are commonly available.
1619:
were represented by a cursive consonant-vowel ligature. The glyph of each consonant had its own way of ligating with these vowel signs. This irregularity was simplified in the reformed script. Thus, a vowel sign or consonant sign would always have a disconnected symbol that did not fuse with the base
7887:
is very common and supported by most
Malayalam fonts in one way or another, but exactly how it should be encoded was not clear in Unicode 5.0 and earlier, and two incompatible implementations are currently in use. In Unicode 5.1 (2008), the sequence to represent it was explicitly redefined as
7874:
since
Unicode 9.0 (though only 5 of them are used in modern Malayalam), though applications should also be prepared to handle data in the representation specified in Unicode 5.0. This means, fonts should display chillus in both sequences; while an input method should output standard chillus.
1531:), he used Vatteluttu. His works became unprecedentedly popular to the point that the Malayali people eventually started to call him the father of the Malayalam language, which also popularised Arya-eluttu as a script to write Malayalam. However, Grantha did not have distinctions between
6572:
r̥̄ l̥ l̥̄ (which are not part of modern orthography) were also written as ligatures but there were not any words with l̥̄ even in
Sanskrit; r̥̄ was only used grammatically instead of r̥ in Sanskrit so it was not used either; there is only one root with l̥ in Sanskrit
6681:. The vertical bar virama was used exclusively for loanwords and circular virama just for native words. Before the vertical bar virama used to cut through the main consonant and it led to the creation of the chillu letters. It was sometimes confused with the dot reph
1426:, was imported into the southwest coast of India in the 8th or 9th century, which was then modified in course of time in this secluded area, where communication with the east coast was very limited. It later evolved into Tigalari-Malayalam script was used by the
1571:
of
Malayalam by a government order to the education department. The objective was to simplify the script for print and typewriting technology of that time, by reducing the number of glyphs required. In 1967, the government appointed a committee headed by
1861:
is represented by a cursive tail attached to the consonant or the consonant-ligature. In the reformed script, this consonant sign would be disconnected from the base and represented as a left-bracket like symbol placed on the left side of the cluster.
1434:. This script split into two scripts: Tigalari and Malayalam. While Malayalam script was extended and modified to write vernacular language Malayalam, the Tigalari was written for Sanskrit only. In Malabar, this writing system was termed Arya-eluttu (
8235:
7213:/manuʂjaɾellaːʋaɾum t̪uljaːʋakaːʃaŋŋaɭoːʈum an̪t̪assoːʈum sʋaːt̪an̪tɾjat̪t̪oːʈuŋkuːʈi d͡ʒanit͡ʃt͡ʃiʈʈuɭɭaʋaɾaːɳɨ̆ ǁ anjoːnjam bʱraːt̪rɨ̆bʱaːʋat̪t̪oːʈe peɾumaːruʋaːnaːɳɨ̆ manuʂjanɨ̆ ʋiʋeːkabud̪d̪ʱijum manasaːkʂijum sid̪d̪ʱamaːjiɾikkun̪ːat̪ɨ̆ ǁ/
73:
1996:
An independent vowel letter is used as the first letter of a word that begins with a vowel. A consonant letter, despite its name, does not represent a pure consonant, but represents a consonant + a short vowel /a/ by default. For example,
6568:
In the pre-1971 orthography, consonant + the vowels u, ū, r̥ were written as ligatures, post-1971 they are written with symbols after the letter. They can be still seen in old signs and used by people who learned to write before 1971.
1576:, who was the editor of the Malayalam Lexicon project. It reduced number of glyphs required for Malayalam printing from around 1000 to around 250. Above committee's recommendations were further modified by another committee in 1969.
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
8107:
1500:, which were used to write the inscriptions and literary works of Old and Middle Malayalam. He further eliminated excess and unnecessary letters from the modified script. Hence, Ezhuthachan is also known as
1261:), a writing system that is partially "alphabetic" and partially syllable-based. The modern Malayalam alphabet has 15 vowel letters, 42 consonant letters, and a few other symbols. The Malayalam script is a
7204:
man̠uṣyarellāvaruṁ tulyāvakāśaṅṅaḷōṭuṁ antassōṭuṁ svātantryattōṭuṅkūṭi jan̠icciṭṭuḷḷavarāṇŭ. an̠yōn̠yaṁ bhrātr̥bhāvattōṭe perumāṟuvān̠āṇŭ man̠uṣyan̠ŭ vivēkabuddhiyuṁ man̠asākṣiyuṁ siddhamāyirikkunnatŭ.
1554:
By the 19th century, old scripts like
Kolezhuthu had been supplanted by Arya-eluttu – that is the current Malayalam script. Nowadays, it is widely used in the press of the Malayali population in Kerala.
1459:, and as such, did not have letters for voiced or aspirated consonants used in Sanskrit but not used in Tamil. For this reason, Vatteluttu and the Grantha alphabet were sometimes mixed, as in the
7193:മനുഷ്യരെല്ലാവരും തുല്യാവകാശങ്ങളോടും അന്തസ്സോടും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തോടുംകൂടി ജനിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളവരാണ്. അന്യോന്യം ഭ്രാതൃഭാവത്തോടെ പെരുമാറുവാനാണ് മനുഷ്യന് വിവേകബുദ്ധിയും മനസാക്ഷിയും സിദ്ധമായിരിക്കുന്നത്
1519:
Thunchaththu
Ezhuthachan, a poet from around the 16th century, used Arya-eluttu to write his Malayalam poems based on Classical Sanskrit literature. For a few letters missing in Arya-eluttu (
8163:
1477:), dates back to the 12th century, where the earliest form of the Malayalam script was used, which seems to have been systematised to some extent by the first half of the 13th century.
6605:
almost all clusters were written as ligatures before 1971, most of the time the second consonant was written to the bottom right of the first consonant, in consonant + r clusters the
2178:
distinction. It is written from left to right, but certain vowel signs are attached to the left (the opposite direction) of a consonant letter that it logically follows. In the word
1691:
Also, most of traditional consonant-consonant ligatures, especially the less common ones only used to write words of
Sanskrit origin, were split into non-ligated forms with explicit
7854:(ZWNJ) were used before Unicode 5.1. However, this system was problematic. Among other things, glyph variants specified by ZWJ or ZWNJ are supposed to be non-semantic, whereas a
5248:
behave similarly to
Malayalam. Virama has three functions: to suppress the inherent vowel (as the halant of Devanagari); to form conjunct consonants; to represent the half-u.
8136:
4660:
Six independent chillu letters (0D7A..0D7F) had been encoded in
Unicode 5.1., three additional chillu letters (0D54..0D56) were encoded with the publication of Unicode 9.0.
13682:
8052:
7183:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
15635:
8994:
6205:(്ര) after a consonant usually takes a pre-base form in the reformed orthography, while this combination makes a fully conjoined ligature in the traditional orthography.
1607:
In the traditional orthography that had been taught in the primary education system before the reforms, any consonant or consonant ligature followed by the vowel sign
3018:
consist of two parts: the first part goes to the left of a consonant letter and the second part goes to the right of it. In the reformed orthography, the vowel signs
13687:
3316:. It is a special consonant letter, different from a "normal" consonant letter, in that it is never followed by an inherent vowel or another vowel. In general, an
2007:
attached to a consonant letter to indicate that the consonant is followed by a vowel other than /a/. If the following vowel is /a/, no vowel sign is needed. The
13717:
8447:
15811:
13727:
8917:
8068:
9569:
13707:
1455:
Vatteluttu was in general use, but was not suitable for literature where many
Sanskrit words were used. Like Tamil-Brahmi, it was originally used to write
13702:
8610:
1484:
who is also credited with the development of Malayalam script into the current form through the intermixing and modification of the erstwhile scripts of
410:
10254:
9738:
6700:
was like the chandrabindu from other scripts and was used to nasalise the vowel; it was only used for writing Sanskrit and Prakrits. It is archaic.
90:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
10684:
10674:
10249:
6110:) after a consonant traditionally takes a below-base form. These forms are used also in the new orthography, though some fonts do not support them.
959:
949:
863:
853:
55:
10664:
10654:
10244:
10239:
10234:
5087:) is a diacritic attached to a consonant letter to show that the consonant is not followed by an inherent vowel or any other vowel (for example,
1547:, as it was as an alphabet to write a Sanskrit language. The Malayalam script as it is today was modified in the middle of the 19th century when
939:
929:
8639:
5998:) used after a consonant letter can be considered as a diacritic. Since it is placed after the base character, it is sometimes referred to as a
13601:
3526:
2226:
The following tables show the independent vowel letters and the corresponding dependent vowel signs (diacritics) of the Malayalam script, with
15831:
12380:
10669:
2955:
words, are treated as vowels. They are called semi-vowels and are phonetically closer to vowels in Malayalam and in Classical Sanskrit where
944:
5512:). Usually the difference between those forms is superficial and both are semantically identical, just like the meaning of the English word
4561:. Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the alveolar nasal, as opposed to the dental nasal. In ordinary texts both are represented by
13737:
8769:
13742:
9813:
9695:(Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode. 2018.
3030:
are simply placed to the right of the consonant letter, while they often make consonant-vowel ligatures in the traditional orthography.
8143:
9195:
8744:
13639:
12412:
8219:
15292:
3194:
It is important to note the vowel duration as it can be used to differentiate words that would otherwise be the same. For example,
14662:
13722:
13697:
1579:
This proposal was later accepted by major newspapers in January 1971. The reformed script came into effect on 15 April 1971 (the
1223:
9568:
Cereti, C. G. (2009). "The Pahlavi Signatures on the Quilon Copper Plates". In Sundermann, W.; Hintze, A.; de Blois, F. (eds.).
5201:). According to one author, this alternative form is historically more correct, though the simplified form without a vowel sign
16042:
13732:
13712:
13692:
8415:
2044:
is used to cancel the inherent vowel. The following are examples where a consonant letter is used with or without a diacritic.
11602:
8991:
8200:
13482:
9731:
7172:
5151:). The exact pronunciation of this vowel varies from dialect to dialect, but it is approximately or , and transliterated as
12051:
8374:
4375:
3491:
when different from Unicode character names. Those alternative names are based on the traditional romanization used by the
6731:
represents gemination of the next consonant and this anusvara represents an actual linguistic anusvara. Both are archaic.
11488:
9800:
4641:. Unlike a consonant represented by an ordinary consonant letter, this consonant is never followed by an inherent vowel.
4273:
10024:
1395:
region, Vattezhuthu remained in general use up to the 17th century, or the 18th century. A variant form of this script,
16030:
15138:
13594:
8963:
5123:
At the end of a word, the same symbol sometimes represents a very short vowel, known as "half-u", or "samvruthokaram" (
111:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Malayalam Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
98:
17:
3300:, and hence is traditionally treated as a kind of vowel sign. In Malayalam, however, it simply represents a consonant
13747:
13649:
13250:
13236:
13206:
12345:
9682:
9643:
9579:
9552:
8901:
8836:
8756:
8558:
1155:
437:
8458:
2003:
is the first consonant letter of the Malayalam alphabet, which represents /ka/, not a simple /k/. A vowel sign is a
13629:
13468:
12185:
11582:
9724:
8714:
10029:
15537:
13662:
13634:
11908:
11169:
6750:
3480:
2235:
392:
8692:
14028:
13475:
12041:
11680:
8614:
15390:
15158:
14767:
14457:
13587:
12150:
11675:
10733:
9100:
4301:
11012:
5304:
of a consonant letter and represent a consonant without a vowel, so-called a "dead" consonant. For example,
16132:
16054:
15900:
14567:
14008:
13767:
13461:
13440:
10728:
10503:
10019:
9795:
8258:
4402:
2961:
9542:
6301:
4540:
4520:
4469:
4448:
4427:
4347:
4327:
4244:
4223:
4202:
4181:
4151:
4130:
4109:
4088:
4067:
4037:
4013:
3989:
3965:
3941:
3911:
3887:
3863:
3839:
3815:
3787:
3768:
3749:
3730:
3711:
3677:
3657:
3637:
3616:
3595:
3429:
3400:
3384:
3368:
3305:
3301:
3264:
3248:
3234:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3155:
3126:
3103:
3076:
2928:
2901:
2885:
2858:
2835:
2808:
2792:
2765:
2742:
2715:
2699:
2672:
2649:
2622:
2606:
2579:
2556:
2529:
2513:
2486:
2463:
2436:
2420:
2393:
2370:
2343:
2327:
2306:
406:
402:
16158:
15976:
15910:
15544:
15362:
14797:
14492:
14416:
14386:
14356:
13782:
13341:
13320:
12000:
11995:
11690:
11592:
10114:
9805:
8019:
607:
6669:
Before chandrakkala was made, there were two other viramas used simultaneously, the vertical bar virama
16082:
15726:
14807:
14757:
14742:
13752:
13408:
12005:
11572:
10985:
10046:
8643:
4516:
3309:
10738:
10056:
9433:
8686:
8548:
16148:
16011:
15754:
15649:
15467:
15010:
15000:
14985:
14547:
14512:
14313:
11658:
11380:
10933:
10520:
9502:
8773:
8681:
7246:
7234:
5293:
4400:
4373:
4299:
4271:
3694:
2027:
2019:
1330:
192:
16153:
15836:
14787:
14772:
14737:
14727:
14472:
14228:
14103:
14063:
13158:
13144:
12449:
11032:
10835:
10051:
9168:
8718:
8114:
6687:
since they look similar but both of them are used for different purposes (see above for dot reph).
4637:), is a special consonant letter that represents a pure consonant independently, without help of a
4580:
3487:. The character names used in the report of the Government of Kerala committee (2001) are shown in
1481:
106:
12763:
10179:
510:
15996:
15887:
15586:
15502:
14697:
14647:
14557:
14552:
14406:
14243:
14033:
13998:
13938:
13762:
13447:
12475:
11432:
11109:
11088:
10968:
10948:
10780:
10451:
10355:
9832:
9790:
9747:
9661:
8803:
8280:
8128:
7828:. This is because in modern Malayalam script, the sign for a virama also works as the sign for a
2021:
1104:
1010:
699:
5768:
are special in that a doubled consonant is denoted by a triangle sign below a consonant letter.
16001:
15936:
15614:
15579:
15530:
15516:
15313:
14924:
14868:
14863:
14642:
14517:
14502:
14462:
14163:
13677:
13657:
13624:
12165:
11104:
11094:
11027:
10537:
9970:
9258:
8275:
6725:
was not really used in Malayalam but was used in the Grantha script, in it the normal anusvara
3688:
3561:
1573:
1278:
995:
465:. Malayalam text used in this article is transliterated into the Latin script according to the
388:
9404:
9153:
9138:
4579:
Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, as opposed to the
15691:
15509:
15113:
15035:
14980:
14878:
14838:
14752:
14732:
14637:
14622:
14452:
14303:
14288:
14283:
14128:
13757:
13549:
13454:
13243:
13192:
12652:
12574:
12338:
12277:
12262:
11831:
11710:
11452:
11412:
11144:
10820:
10004:
9992:
9965:
9950:
8964:"Report of the Committee on Malayalam Character Encoding and Keyboard Layout Standardisation"
8891:
7851:
6634:
6415:
4653:
as a glyph variant of a normal ("base") consonant letter. In Unicode 5.1 and later, however,
1148:
127:
120:
15857:
12257:
11462:
9184:
15956:
15621:
15607:
15474:
15264:
15153:
15143:
15085:
14883:
14802:
14792:
14587:
14572:
14487:
14258:
14158:
14083:
13948:
13610:
13313:
13064:
12741:
12237:
11892:
11856:
11261:
11184:
11017:
10765:
10755:
10594:
10577:
9893:
9125:
7088:, and is transliterated as an apostrophe (’), or sometimes as a colon + an apostrophe (:’).
5404:
1564:
1445:
1270:
1059:
902:
250:
15862:
9346:
9301:
8865:
7803:
sound without a vowel. In other Indic scripts, the same word would be possibly written as
8:
15961:
15872:
15841:
15768:
15133:
14950:
14945:
14677:
14537:
14411:
14381:
14351:
14278:
14088:
14043:
12140:
12036:
11758:
11281:
9987:
9618:
9599:
9375:
9062:
8155:
8095:
7932:
even though a chandrakkala cannot be after a chillu letter, other computers show it with
7835:
at the end of a word, and is not able to cleanly "kill" the inherent vowel in this case.
3799:
1449:
1419:
1364:
1342:
1262:
15821:
10303:
9622:
5492:
scheme such as Unicode. If the result is non-ligated, a virama is visible, attached to C
3529:(IS 13194:1991) character names are given in parentheses when different from the above.
16108:
15905:
15719:
15572:
15348:
15320:
15148:
14995:
14672:
14667:
14627:
14542:
14298:
14183:
13973:
13963:
13943:
13883:
13878:
13848:
13299:
13276:
12910:
12799:
12789:
12681:
12624:
12610:
12567:
12272:
12155:
11990:
11882:
11841:
11795:
11790:
11685:
11667:
11335:
11266:
11231:
11179:
10992:
10980:
10391:
10313:
10214:
9769:
9191:
8585:
8581:
8577:
8484:
8305:
8211:
8123:
7091:
6740:
5489:
3500:
3440:, it is a special symbol, and is never followed by an inherent vowel or another vowel.
2998:
are placed to the right of a consonant letter to which it is attached. The vowel signs
1921:
1909:
1412:
1321:
1302:
1285:. The Malayalam language itself was historically written in several different scripts.
1211:
1187:
1182:
1094:
739:
561:
556:
12532:
12190:
9489:
9463:
8519:
15946:
15826:
15816:
15642:
15446:
15432:
15397:
15327:
15235:
15184:
14955:
14919:
14848:
14777:
14717:
14687:
14617:
14522:
14507:
14467:
14293:
14233:
14143:
13968:
13958:
13933:
13422:
13415:
13151:
13137:
13049:
12938:
12848:
12827:
12806:
12734:
12666:
12525:
12483:
12435:
12170:
12160:
11805:
11800:
11705:
11700:
11607:
11562:
11385:
11365:
11355:
11345:
11340:
11276:
11271:
11199:
11134:
11119:
11069:
11064:
11007:
10943:
10901:
10743:
10629:
10552:
10068:
10063:
9940:
9678:
9639:
9575:
9548:
9286:
8897:
8832:
8752:
8554:
8494:
8295:
7847:
5532:
Several consonant-consonant ligatures are used commonly even in the new orthography.
3551:
2029:
1430:, Havyaka Brahmins and Tulu Brahmin people, but was originally only applied to write
1404:
1254:
1020:
792:
617:
326:
260:
102:
9711:
9624:
Elements of South-Indian Palæography from the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A.D.
8422:
5051:
The virama in Malayalam is called candrakkala (chandrakkala), it has two functions:
3471:
The following tables show the basic consonant letters of the Malayalam script, with
15951:
15733:
15558:
15411:
15383:
15341:
15306:
15271:
15075:
14899:
14712:
14527:
14326:
14273:
14263:
14253:
14148:
14098:
13873:
13843:
13777:
13772:
13556:
13494:
13387:
13348:
13334:
13292:
13167:
13113:
13094:
13028:
13020:
13006:
12999:
12924:
12720:
12695:
12631:
12603:
12518:
12504:
12421:
12394:
12331:
12242:
12145:
11967:
11810:
11437:
11417:
11407:
11402:
11286:
11042:
10975:
10963:
10928:
10923:
10906:
10845:
10810:
10770:
10572:
10567:
10466:
10350:
10284:
10224:
10174:
10119:
10036:
10014:
9999:
9945:
9935:
9869:
9631:
9603:
8824:
8226:
8147:
8087:
7815:+ virama. However, in Malayalam script, that sequence represents a different word,
4051:
3925:
1400:
1384:
1367:
is the earliest example, dating from about 830 CE. During the medieval period, the
1306:
1266:
1246:
1141:
1000:
986:
907:
817:
809:
732:
636:
612:
525:
220:
13394:
12589:
12215:
11866:
11236:
9226:
9031:
1387:, was very similar to the modern Malayalam script. In the Tamil state, the modern
16096:
16006:
15991:
15986:
15966:
15931:
15600:
15255:
15230:
15215:
15194:
15189:
15128:
15095:
15060:
15040:
15020:
14904:
14812:
14582:
14532:
14401:
14341:
14248:
14123:
14113:
13978:
13918:
13913:
13888:
13833:
13818:
13792:
13380:
13072:
13013:
12959:
12952:
12931:
12917:
12901:
12879:
12834:
12727:
12702:
12674:
12659:
12582:
12560:
12553:
12511:
12471:
12442:
12130:
12100:
11923:
11846:
11612:
11542:
11447:
11395:
11375:
11311:
11301:
11291:
11256:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11124:
11079:
11074:
10958:
10953:
10800:
10790:
10644:
10609:
10604:
10584:
10478:
10436:
10376:
10259:
10229:
10139:
10099:
10041:
9975:
9955:
9903:
9886:
9874:
9672:
9027:
8998:
8285:
8059:
5245:
3579:
3297:
1580:
1548:
1505:
1368:
1282:
1274:
1234:
1195:
1054:
981:
897:
882:
848:
832:
782:
658:
641:
571:
477:
431:
318:
232:
11577:
10760:
8378:
8346:
4649:
fit this definition but are not usually included. ISCII and Unicode 5.0 treat a
2038:. To denote a pure consonant sound not followed by a vowel, a special diacritic
1504:. The development of modern Malayalam script was also heavily influenced by the
16120:
15782:
15712:
15698:
15453:
15404:
15369:
15240:
15118:
15090:
15055:
14970:
14853:
14747:
14707:
14692:
14657:
14562:
14447:
14336:
14331:
14308:
14198:
14138:
14133:
14038:
14018:
13928:
13923:
13858:
13838:
13823:
13813:
13672:
13667:
13517:
13401:
13285:
13265:
13174:
13042:
12973:
12872:
12820:
12813:
12645:
12638:
12617:
12596:
12497:
12490:
12297:
12252:
12180:
12175:
12026:
12010:
11985:
11928:
11918:
11913:
11753:
11627:
11587:
11557:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11467:
11442:
11390:
11330:
11296:
11246:
11194:
11159:
11114:
11084:
11037:
10997:
10896:
10850:
10805:
10723:
10659:
10614:
10599:
10562:
10542:
10510:
10498:
10446:
10441:
10431:
10421:
10416:
10333:
10318:
10308:
10274:
10264:
10209:
10194:
10159:
10009:
9913:
9861:
9751:
9607:
8968:
8315:
8310:
8290:
8091:
8075:
8035:
7251:
7143:
6903:
6746:
6429:
5301:
4536:
4494:
3534:
2967:
2012:
1513:
1497:
1456:
1298:
1250:
1109:
1099:
976:
934:
919:
914:
858:
827:
797:
772:
762:
727:
706:
694:
667:
651:
646:
624:
530:
505:
378:
285:
280:
265:
255:
11727:
5484:
If the result is fully or half-conjoined, the (conceptual) virama which made C
16142:
15747:
15684:
15670:
15656:
15565:
15495:
15376:
15179:
15123:
15080:
15045:
15025:
15015:
14940:
14873:
14722:
14652:
14592:
14477:
14376:
14366:
14238:
14178:
14153:
14108:
13797:
13524:
13373:
13306:
13229:
13199:
13057:
13035:
12966:
12862:
12841:
12688:
12546:
12464:
12457:
12428:
12387:
12302:
12292:
12287:
12074:
11768:
11427:
11370:
11022:
10795:
10679:
10634:
10589:
10557:
10406:
10323:
10296:
10269:
10199:
10184:
10169:
10124:
9881:
9666:. Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala.
8808:. Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala.
8039:
8027:
8023:
7597:
6611:
was attached to the main consonant, now its detached and placed to the left.
6421:
5275:
Srinidhi A and Sridatta A made comments on the proposals of Cibu Johny et al.
2959:, the Sanskrit grammarian, groups them with vowel sounds in his sutras. (see
1509:
1423:
1392:
1372:
1238:
1121:
1040:
1035:
1005:
954:
677:
672:
593:
520:
485:
372:
270:
228:
212:
10343:
9515:
8977:
5139:
5131:
2956:
1335:
1172:
16115:
16068:
15915:
15877:
15806:
15677:
15593:
15551:
15425:
15245:
15225:
15065:
15050:
14975:
14960:
14828:
14762:
14632:
14612:
14607:
14577:
14426:
14371:
14346:
14203:
14193:
14188:
14173:
14078:
13993:
13903:
13893:
13863:
13853:
13787:
12980:
12945:
12886:
12373:
12135:
12031:
11944:
11836:
11737:
11547:
11360:
11325:
11306:
11241:
11129:
10891:
10815:
10624:
10619:
10530:
10525:
10461:
10401:
10381:
10338:
10328:
10279:
10164:
10144:
10134:
9982:
9960:
9918:
9716:
9317:
8083:
4490:
3293:
2252:
1460:
1388:
1376:
1348:
1314:
1294:
1047:
971:
887:
804:
787:
767:
757:
689:
682:
602:
547:
542:
500:
322:
275:
11189:
8828:
7858:(expressed as letter + virama + ZWJ) and the same consonant followed by a
4523:, it can also occur initially in loans where it can not be geminated; (2)
153:
15895:
15882:
15439:
15334:
14965:
14858:
14782:
14602:
14597:
14482:
14442:
14421:
14361:
14223:
14168:
14073:
14068:
14053:
13983:
13563:
13327:
13258:
12539:
12230:
12090:
11851:
11695:
11552:
11457:
11226:
11154:
11139:
11047:
10840:
10750:
10649:
10639:
10493:
10456:
10411:
10396:
10371:
10291:
10219:
10204:
9908:
9706:
8254:
7908:
ligature is often considered to be the correct form to represent n̠d̠ as
5105:). This kind of diacritic is common in Indic scripts, generically called
2983:
are very rare, and are not considered as part of the modern orthography.
2242:
2175:
2016:
1568:
1360:
1310:
1215:
1030:
1015:
924:
892:
877:
872:
822:
629:
583:
576:
31:
9490:"Unicode Public Review Issue #66: Encoding of Chillu Forms in Malayalam"
8918:"Malayalam Orthographic Reforms: Impact on Language and Popular Culture"
8722:
3443:
15867:
15705:
15523:
15488:
15481:
15418:
15355:
15220:
15210:
15174:
15030:
15005:
14990:
14833:
14682:
14268:
14213:
14208:
14118:
14013:
13953:
13868:
13828:
13579:
12220:
12195:
11763:
11206:
10696:
10691:
10547:
10488:
10129:
8935:
8300:
7871:
7058:
5249:
4513:
3572:
3313:
1492:
1486:
1396:
1352:
1080:
1075:
1068:
837:
566:
109:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1273:. The script is also used to write several minority languages such as
15981:
15285:
15278:
14909:
14702:
14058:
14003:
13531:
13510:
13503:
12282:
12119:
11815:
11782:
11617:
11508:
11057:
10785:
10701:
10426:
8819:
Flood, Gavin, ed. (2003). "The Literature of Hinduism in Malayalam".
8520:"L2/17-378 Preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari script in Unicode"
8320:
8207:
8079:
7863:
7314:
3546:
3476:
3325:
3034:
2231:
2035:
2004:
1979:
1408:
1242:
1199:
1114:
1085:
466:
458:
338:
204:
12225:
9032:"Proposal to add two characters for Malayalam to the BMP of the UCS"
7914:
can also represent n̠r̠ but in many computers it is only shown with
6593:
Although there are consonant-consonant ligatures used even now like
16103:
16091:
15789:
15663:
15299:
15070:
14843:
14497:
14396:
14318:
14093:
14023:
13988:
13898:
12247:
12210:
12205:
12085:
12046:
11887:
11646:
11531:
11422:
11164:
11052:
11002:
10873:
10386:
10189:
10149:
9930:
9923:
9774:
9571:
Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams
7061:
4657:
letters are treated as independent characters, encoded atomically.
3492:
3287:
2952:
1842:
1431:
1427:
1380:
1257:
of Kerala. Like many other Indic scripts, it is an alphasyllabary (
1227:
1219:
966:
535:
515:
441:
398:
208:
12267:
9014:. Ed. T. C. Kumari 1934-. London; New York : Routledge, 1997.
6496:
before a consonant sometimes takes an above-base form, known as a
1351:
and was once used extensively in the southern part of present-day
1214:
spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of
444:, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.
16127:
15941:
15775:
15761:
15740:
15628:
14914:
14048:
13908:
12354:
11861:
11732:
11622:
11597:
11483:
11320:
11174:
11149:
10918:
10825:
10473:
10087:
9898:
9405:"Proposal to encode 0D00 Malayalam Sign Combining Anusvara Above"
8823:. New Delhi: Blackwell Publishing, Wiley India. pp. 173–74.
7701:
7612:
7603:
7222:
7069:
5871:-conjoining after a consonant in both orthographies. For example,
3424:
2171:
2008:
1305:
languages. However, the modern Malayalam script evolved from the
1258:
354:
165:
9318:"Clarification of the Use of Zero Width Joiner in Indic Scripts"
7504:
6500:, which looks like a short vertical line or a dot. Generally, a
6414:
is sometimes written to the right of the first letter, making a
3320:
at the end of a word in an Indian language is transliterated as
1591:
1233:
The Malayalam script bears high similarity with Tulu Script and
84:
14218:
13355:
11099:
10911:
10830:
10775:
10483:
10154:
8866:"Malayalam Script—Adoption of New Script for Use—Orders Issued"
8250:
8242:
8118:
8099:
8062:
manuscript (Bears high similarity with modern Malayalam script)
8043:
8031:
7692:
7142:
Archaic punctuation marks used as full stops or for delimiting
5241:
5107:
4638:
2185:
2040:
1857:
Any consonant or consonant ligature followed by the conjoining
1356:
1203:
588:
224:
216:
9176:
8976:(2023). Government of Kerala. 18 December 2001. Archived from
7695:
7606:
5354:
is further followed by another consonant letter, for example,
3010:
are placed to the left of a consonant letter. The vowel signs
2200:) visually appears in the leftmost position, though the vowel
15460:
14391:
11722:
11717:
11567:
11350:
11251:
10938:
9849:
8488:
8246:
8151:
7635:
7600:
7536:
7326:
7128:
1945:
1683:
1463:. One of the oldest examples of the Manipravalam literature,
1207:
13683:
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Biography and Autobiography
8517:
8022:(849/850 CE) is the available oldest inscription written in
7686:
7632:
7533:
7507:
6749:
is archaic and no longer commonly used. Instead, the common
452:
27:
Brahmic script used commonly to write the Malayalam language
12200:
12095:
8853:
A Grammar of the Malayalam Language in Historical Treatment
7698:
7683:
7225:
Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0.
6637:
and it was not used as a single letter, in his orthography
6504:
is used instead of a dot reph in the reformed orthography.
5399:
are simply placed one by one, side by side. Alternatively,
1422:, one form of the Grantha alphabet, originally used in the
1391:
had supplanted Vattezhuthu by the 15th century, but in the
1347:'round writing') is a script that had evolved from
7680:
7615:
7609:
6953:
Suppose the number is "2013". It is read in Malayalam as "
5521:
1849:
9707:
Website to help you read and write the Malayalam alphabet
9544:
Perumals of Kerala: Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy
9288:
Preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari script in Unicode
9285:
Murthy, Vaishnavi & Rajan, Vinodh. (2017). L2/17-378
7689:
7629:
7626:
7618:
7591:
7068:
is written in Malayalam script. The symbol indicates the
9347:"Proposal to encode Malayalam Sign: Vertical Bar Virama"
9256:
9182:
7734:
7719:
7713:
7707:
7350:
7347:
7317:
5300:
is used in the Malayalam script to cancel—or "kill"—the
7722:
7716:
7710:
7588:
7585:
7564:
7101:
5024:
4991:
4958:
4919:
4881:
4843:
4808:
4797:
4782:
4739:
4701:
13718:
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions
13688:
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Children's Literature
9152:
Cibu Johny; Shiju Alex; Sunil V S. (2015). L2/14-015R
9137:
Cibu Johny; Shiju Alex; Sunil V S. (2015). L2/14-014R
7594:
5205:
is common nowadays. This means that the same spelling
1399:, was used until about the 19th century mainly in the
76:
a machine-translated version of the Malayalam article.
16080:
15812:
Alphabetum grandonico-malabaricum sive samscrudonicum
13728:
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Scholarly Literature
9155:
Proposal to encode Malayalam Sign Vertical Bar Virama
8749:
Perspectives on Kerala History: The Second Millennium
7558:
7555:
7547:
7544:
7530:
7524:
7513:
7510:
7320:
5488:
dead becomes invisible, only logically existing in a
2011:/a/ that follows a consonant by default is called an
13708:
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Miscellaneous Works
9434:"Proposal to encode Malayalam Letter Vedic Anusvara"
8410:
8408:
7552:
7541:
7527:
7516:
7323:
6961:" (raṇḍāyiratti padimūnnu). It is split into :
5058:
As samvruthokaram: represent the "half-u" sound /ə̆/
1586:
1583:), by a government order released on 23 March 1971.
1210:, spoken by 45 million people in the world. It is a
397:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
80:
15636:
Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha
13703:
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Literary Criticism
9670:
9659:
8916:Manohar, Kavya & Thottingal, Santhosh. (2018).
8801:
8513:
8511:
8448:"Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations 1910–2010"
8369:
8367:
7666:
7663:
7651:
7561:
7501:
7483:
7445:
7424:
7418:
7026:
Combine them together to get the Malayalam number "
1941:The basic characters can be classified as follows:
1904:Today the reformed orthography, is commonly called
1829:is required as an additional letter. For examples,
1226:. Malayalam script is also widely used for writing
9300:Srinidhi, A. & Sridatta, A. (2017). L2/17-182
9183:Chitrajakumar, R; Gangadharan, N (7 August 2005).
9167:Srinidhi, A. & Sridatta, A. (2017). L2/17-207
8377:. Vazhappally Sree Mahadeva Temple. Archived from
7677:
7669:
7657:
7654:
7642:
7492:
7489:
7480:
7474:
7457:
7451:
7439:
7433:
7427:
7421:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7389:
7383:
7239:The Unicode block for Malayalam is U+0D00–U+0D7F:
1551:invented the new vowel signs to distinguish them.
9140:Proposal to encode Malayalam Sign Circular Virama
8405:
7704:
7660:
7648:
7645:
7569:
7498:
7495:
7486:
7477:
7471:
7463:
7460:
7454:
7448:
7442:
7436:
7430:
7401:
7395:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7366:
7358:
7344:
7338:
7332:
6492:In the traditional orthography, a dead consonant
4592:. In ordinary texts this sound is represented by
16140:
9257:Chitrajakumar, R. & Gangadharan, N. (2005).
8508:
8364:
8347:"Malayalam alphabet, pronunciation and language"
8245:, Kerala. Malayalam is official language in the
7862:(expressed as letter + virama + ZWNJ) are often
7371:
7355:
7341:
7335:
7329:
6588:
2221:
411:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
9534:
9095:
9093:
9091:
9089:
9087:
8186:
8173:
8030:, the copper plate also contains signatures in
7993:
7987:
7981:
7975:
7969:
7963:
7957:
7951:
7945:
7939:
7933:
7927:
7921:
7915:
7909:
7903:
7897:
7882:
7819:
7790:
7781:
7772:
7763:
7191:
7155:
7134:
7115:
7095:
7049:
7028:
7017:
7010:
7002:
6995:
6987:
6980:
6972:
6965:
6955:
6897:
6891:
6885:
6726:
6656:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6628:
6620:
6606:
6600:
6594:
6580:
6554:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6471:
6461:
6455:
6449:
6435:
6397:
6321:
6312:
6295:
6286:
6259:
6250:
6241:
6231:
6222:
6213:
6192:
6183:
6174:
6164:
6155:
6146:
6136:
6127:
6118:
6105:
6091:
6079:
6070:
6061:
6051:
6042:
6033:
6020:
6006:
5993:
5983:
5974:
5965:
5956:
5947:
5937:
5925:
5916:
5907:
5897:
5888:
5879:
5747:
5738:
5507:
5501:
5407:
5394:
5385:
5364:
5358:
5349:
5328:
5320:
5308:
5253:
5228:
5206:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5165:
5156:
5146:
5124:
5097:
5088:
5078:
5071:
5030:
5012:
4997:
4979:
4964:
4946:
4936:
4925:
4907:
4897:
4887:
4869:
4859:
4849:
4831:
4821:
4813:
4802:
4788:
4770:
4760:
4745:
4727:
4717:
4707:
4689:
4628:
4596:
4587:
4565:
4530:
4507:
4459:
4438:
4417:
4390:
4363:
4337:
4317:
4289:
4261:
4234:
4213:
4192:
4171:
4141:
4120:
4099:
4078:
4057:
4027:
4003:
3979:
3955:
3931:
3901:
3877:
3853:
3829:
3805:
3777:
3758:
3739:
3720:
3701:
3667:
3647:
3627:
3606:
3585:
3520:
3449:
3413:
3390:
3374:
3358:
3277:
3254:
3240:
3224:
3176:
3163:
3145:
3132:
3116:
3093:
3082:
3066:
2918:
2907:
2891:
2875:
2864:
2848:
2825:
2814:
2798:
2782:
2771:
2755:
2732:
2721:
2705:
2689:
2678:
2662:
2639:
2628:
2612:
2596:
2585:
2569:
2546:
2535:
2519:
2503:
2492:
2476:
2453:
2442:
2426:
2410:
2399:
2383:
2360:
2349:
2333:
2317:
2296:
2191:
2179:
2158:
2148:
2139:
2128:
2118:
2109:
2098:
2088:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2056:
2048:
1998:
1983:
1965:
1949:
1891:
1885:
1875:
1869:
1831:
1819:
1808:
1795:
1786:
1779:
1766:
1757:
1750:
1737:
1728:
1721:
1708:
1699:
1675:
1664:
1653:
1642:
1631:
1468:
1435:
9376:"Request to encode South Indian CANDRABINDU-s"
6574:
5449:attached to the original form (full form) of C
5055:As virama: used to suppress the inherent vowel
105:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
15832:State Institute of Encyclopaedic Publications
13595:
12339:
9732:
9309:
9259:"Chandrakkala. Samvruthokaram. Chillaksharam"
9128:. Published 2019-04-01, Retrieved 2019-09-15.
9070:The Unicode Standard 5.0 — Electronic Edition
6377:
6362:
6347:
5842:
5820:
5799:
5679:
5625:
5536:
5527:
5445:-conjoining: a modified form (half form) of C
3296:where the preceding vowel was changed into a
1149:
13738:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Translation
9746:
9084:
8715:"EPIGRAPHY - Inscriptions in Grantha Script"
8546:
8416:"Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text"
7824:("to him"), and is not interchangeable with
7746:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
7064:, used when a Sanskrit phrase containing an
6563:
3447:Malayalam vowel signs combined with letter
13743:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Travelogue
8889:
8772:. Malayalam Resource Centre. Archived from
8613:. Malayalam Resource Centre. Archived from
7199:
6720:
6714:
6708:
6695:
6682:
6676:
6670:
6427:
6419:
6025:) after a consonant takes a post-base form:
5259:
5219:depending on the context. Generally, it is
4556:
13602:
13588:
12346:
12332:
9739:
9725:
8751:, Kerala Council for Historical Research,
8553:. Cambridge University Press. p. 85.
8340:
8338:
8336:
8169:A Malayalam sign. Notice the word-initial
8144:Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University
5506:), but if ligated, the virama disappears (
5252:supports half-u for Kashmiri; for example
3466:
3332:at the end of a word is transliterated as
1156:
1142:
191:
13640:Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society
9540:
9481:
9315:
9072:. Unicode, Inc. 1991–2007. pp. 42–44
8674:
5423:are conjoined, the result may be either:
5415:Generally, when a dead consonant letter C
15293:Akkapporinte Irupathu Nasrani Varshangal
13609:
9630:
9508:
9303:Comments on encoding the Tigalari script
9220:
9218:
9216:
9057:
9055:
9022:
9020:
8858:
8745:"Cultural Traditions in Medieval Kerala"
6719:and contrasts with the normal anusvara.
6448:(digraph) depending on the word like in
3442:
3432:after a vowel, and is transliterated as
14663:Olappamanna Subramanian Namboothirippad
13723:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry
13698:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Humour
9663:A Short History of Malayalam Literature
9597:
9516:"Encoding of Chillu Forms in Malayalam"
9026:
8805:A Short History of Malayalam Literature
8476:
8398:
8396:
8333:
7742:
7171:The following text is Article 1 of the
4614:
1444:), meaning "Arya writing" (Sanskrit is
1224:official scripts of the Indian Republic
14:
16141:
13733:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story
13713:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel
13693:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama
9567:
9561:
9224:
9170:On the Origin of Malayalam Candrakkala
8893:Malayalam by R. E. Asher, T. C. Kumari
8855:. Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1996.
8797:
8795:
8793:
8791:
8667:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8642:. Government of Kerala. Archived from
7252:Official Unicode Consortium code chart
5988:. In other words, the variant form of
5516:does not change even if it is spelled
5337:+ virama) represents a dead consonant
5287:
2015:. In Malayalam, its phonetic value is
1218:and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the
13583:
13483:American Printing House for the Blind
13259:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
12911:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
12327:
12117:
12072:
11965:
11644:
11529:
10871:
10085:
9847:
9830:
9720:
9487:
9213:
9052:
9017:
9004:
8883:
8845:
8818:
8762:
8737:
8707:
8591:
8482:
7866:different. After a long debate, Nine
7754:
7173:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5500:has a visible virama if not ligated (
1850:Use non-ligating sign for conjoining
1558:
1202:, which is the principal language of
1181:
11966:
9614:. New York: Oxford University Press.
9461:
9252:
9250:
8958:
8956:
8927:
8890:Asher, R. E.; Kumari, T. C. (1997).
8634:
8632:
8605:
8603:
8518:Vaishnavi Murthy K Y; Vinodh Rajan.
8393:
8344:
2211:
2053:/k/ = /k/ which is a consonant sound
401:. For the distinction between ,
36:
16049:
12353:
8821:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism
8812:
8788:
8658:
8567:
7838:To differentiate a pure consonant (
7123:Used in an abbreviation of a date.
6579:which was loaned into Malayalam as
6402:is written below the first letter (
5952:) is placed after the full form of
4535:) often represents ; (3) otherwise
1293:Malayalam was first written in the
24:
15139:Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran
12073:
9653:
8490:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
7221:Malayalam script was added to the
6703:
6664:
1936:
25:
16170:
13748:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
9700:
9547:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks.
9247:
9201:from the original on 12 July 2014
9185:"Samvruthokaram and Chandrakkala"
8953:
8629:
8600:
8547:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003).
6734:
5459:-conjoining: a modified form of C
5297:
4573:
4546:
4500:
4484:
1899:
1592:Use non-ligating vowel signs for
1587:Recommendations by the committees
1313:, both of which evolved from the
1237:, which was used for writing the
16126:
16114:
16102:
16090:
16062:
16048:
16037:
16036:
16025:
16024:
13630:Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad
9693:Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019
8933:
8234:
8218:
8199:
8162:
8135:
8106:
8067:
8051:
8011:
8001:
7037:
6614:
6393:In those two ligatures, a small
2204:logically follows the consonant
1253:districts) and the northernmost
451:
422:
152:
41:
15538:Mayyazhippuzhayude Theerangalil
13663:Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram
13635:Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham
12118:
9455:
9426:
9397:
9368:
9339:
9294:
9279:
9161:
9146:
9131:
9119:
8910:
7566: ൎ
6690:
5427:A fully conjoined ligature of C
5269:
5046:
4941:(does not occur word finally.)
4506:(1) Repetition of this letter (
2236:International Phonetic Alphabet
1265:extended with symbols from the
393:International Phonetic Alphabet
14323:Sreekrishnapuram Krishnankutty
9812:Languages by writing system /
9462:Alex, Shiju (22 August 2013).
8851:Andronov, Mikhail Sergeevich.
8540:
8440:
8402:Canepari (2005), pp. 396, 140.
7640:
7638:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7550:
7539:
7369:
7353:
7166:
6267:
5743:was historically derived from
5463:attached to the full form of C
5419:and another consonant letter C
4642:
3198:means "earthenware pot" while
1931:
1684:Split uncommon conjuncts with
1508:, which was used to write the
1502:The Father of modern Malayalam
115:You may also add the template
13:
1:
15552:Mullappoo Niramulla Pakalukal
15391:Cheviyorkkuka! Anthimakahalam
15159:Vadakkumkur Rajarajavarmaraja
14768:Vadakkumkur Rajarajavarmaraja
14458:Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri
13251:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
13207:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
11645:
11530:
10872:
9541:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
9101:"Malayalam Chillu Characters"
8717:. Department of Archaeology,
8327:
8253:and the union territories of
8038:(cursive Pahlavi script) and
6713:was used like the Devanagari
6589:Consonant-consonant ligatures
6410:). Alternatively, the letter
5381:. In this case, two elements
4646:
3461:
2971:). The letters and signs for
2222:Vowel letters and vowel signs
1297:script, an ancient script of
178:
15901:Sree Bhoothanaathopakhyaanam
14568:Kattakayam Cherian Mappillai
14009:Kainikkara Padmanabha Pillai
13768:O. V. Vijayan Literary Award
13462:National Braille Association
13441:Braille Institute of America
13159:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
10086:
9671:Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007).
9660:K. Ayyappa Panicker (2006).
9234:JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3126 L2/06-207
8936:"The Concept of ലിപി (Lipi)"
8871:. Government of Kerala. 1971
8802:K. Ayyappa Panicker (2006).
8483:Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009).
7186:
5472:Non-ligated: full forms of C
5282:
5173:). Optionally, a vowel sign
5062:
4525:
3205:
2962:Proto-Indo-European language
1407:area. Another variant form,
386: This article contains
288:(with Vattezhuthu influence)
7:
15977:Malayalam triumvirate poets
15911:Kuchelavritham Vanchippattu
15545:Mucheettukalikkarante Makal
14798:Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri
14493:Changampuzha Krishna Pillai
14417:Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar
14387:Unnikrishnan Thiruvazhiyode
14357:Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
13783:P. Kesavadev Literary Award
13342:Refreshable braille display
13321:Optical braille recognition
12918:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
12450:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
11593:New Epoch Notation Painting
9634:(2005). "19.29 Malayalam".
9612:The World's Writing Systems
9574:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
8770:"Development of Literature"
8743:Nampoothiri, N. M. (1999),
8268:
8241:A Malayalam signboard from
8020:Quilon Syrian copper plates
7829:
7102:
6884:Number "11" is written as "
6751:Hindu-Arabic numeral system
6487:
5979:followed by the vowel sign
5363:, the result may look like
5140:
5132:
5025:
4992:
4959:
4920:
4882:
4844:
4809:
4798:
4783:
4740:
4702:
3339:
3304:after a vowel, though this
1916:) and traditional system,
1411:, was used in the south of
1336:
1173:
117:{{Translated|ml|മലയാളലിപി}}
10:
16175:
15727:Sundarikalum Sundaranmarum
14808:Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon
14758:V. C. Balakrishna Panicker
14743:Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer
13753:Mathrubhumi Literary Award
13409:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
9848:
9674:A Survey of Kerala History
9591:
9126:Unicode 12.1.0 Derived Age
9039:ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3494
7738:As of Unicode version 16.0
7727:
7244:
7232:
7216:
7178:
7076:after a word that ends in
7072:of the word-initial vowel
6738:
6444:(two separate letters) or
6328:
5770:
5534:
5528:Common consonant ligatures
5223:at the end of a word, and
4612:
4608:
4517:voiceless alveolar plosive
3202:means "time" or "season".
1512:, due to the influence of
1371:that was used for writing
1288:
79:Machine translation, like
29:
16020:
16012:Romanisation of Malayalam
15924:
15850:
15799:
15755:Vasanthathile Poomarangal
15254:
15203:
15167:
15104:
15011:M. Krishnan Nair (author)
15001:Kuttipuzha Krishna Pillai
14986:Kesari Balakrishna Pillai
14933:
14892:
14821:
14548:Kadammanitta Ramakrishnan
14513:Edappalli Raghavan Pillai
14435:
14314:Shihabuddin Poythumkadavu
13806:
13648:
13617:
13541:
13492:
13432:
13365:
13275:
13221:
13184:
13145:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
13124:
13105:
13086:
12991:
12897:
12858:
12785:
12712:
12411:
12404:
12365:
12323:
12126:
12113:
12081:
12068:
12019:
11978:
11974:
11961:
11937:
11901:
11875:
11824:
11781:
11746:
11666:
11659:Chinese family of scripts
11657:
11653:
11640:
11538:
11525:
11476:
10884:
10880:
10867:
10729:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
10716:
10364:
10107:
10098:
10094:
10081:
9856:
9843:
9839:
9831:
9826:
9814:by first written accounts
9783:
9762:
9758:
9316:Constable, Peter (2004).
8747:(PDF) in Cherian, P. J.,
8225:Malayalam letters on old
8187:
8174:
7994:
7988:
7982:
7976:
7970:
7964:
7958:
7952:
7950:. Some computers display
7946:
7940:
7934:
7928:
7922:
7916:
7910:
7904:
7898:
7883:
7820:
7791:
7782:
7773:
7764:
7235:Malayalam (Unicode block)
7192:
7156:
7141:
7135:
7116:
7096:
7050:
7029:
7018:
7011:
7003:
6996:
6988:
6981:
6973:
6966:
6956:
6898:
6892:
6886:
6727:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6696:
6683:
6677:
6671:
6657:
6651:
6645:
6639:
6629:
6621:
6607:
6601:
6595:
6581:
6575:
6564:Consonant-vowel ligatures
6555:
6549:
6543:
6537:
6528:
6522:
6516:
6510:
6472:
6462:
6456:
6450:
6440:is therefore read either
6436:
6428:
6420:
6398:
6378:
6363:
6348:
6322:
6313:
6296:
6287:
6260:
6251:
6242:
6232:
6223:
6214:
6193:
6184:
6175:
6165:
6156:
6147:
6137:
6128:
6119:
6106:
6092:
6080:
6071:
6062:
6052:
6043:
6034:
6021:
6007:
5994:
5984:
5975:
5966:
5957:
5948:
5938:
5926:
5917:
5908:
5898:
5889:
5880:
5821:
5800:
5748:
5739:
5680:
5626:
5537:
5508:
5502:
5408:
5403:can be also written as a
5395:
5386:
5365:
5359:
5350:
5329:
5321:
5309:
5260:
5254:
5229:
5207:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5166:
5157:
5147:
5125:
5118:
5098:
5089:
5079:
5072:
5031:
5013:
5011:
4998:
4980:
4978:
4965:
4947:
4945:
4937:
4926:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4888:
4870:
4868:
4860:
4850:
4832:
4830:
4822:
4814:
4803:
4789:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4753:Chillu of alveolar nasal
4746:
4728:
4726:
4718:
4708:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4629:
4615:§ Chillus in Unicode
4597:
4588:
4566:
4557:
4531:
4508:
4460:
4439:
4418:
4391:
4364:
4338:
4318:
4290:
4262:
4235:
4214:
4193:
4172:
4142:
4121:
4100:
4079:
4058:
4028:
4004:
3980:
3956:
3932:
3902:
3878:
3854:
3830:
3806:
3778:
3759:
3740:
3721:
3702:
3668:
3648:
3628:
3607:
3586:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3521:
3450:
3428:, represents a consonant
3414:
3391:
3375:
3359:
3278:
3255:
3241:
3225:
3177:
3164:
3146:
3133:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3094:
3083:
3067:
3046:
3043:
3040:
2919:
2908:
2892:
2876:
2865:
2849:
2826:
2815:
2799:
2783:
2772:
2756:
2733:
2722:
2706:
2690:
2679:
2663:
2640:
2629:
2613:
2597:
2586:
2570:
2547:
2536:
2520:
2504:
2493:
2477:
2454:
2443:
2427:
2411:
2400:
2384:
2361:
2350:
2334:
2318:
2297:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2216:
2192:
2180:
2159:
2149:
2140:
2129:
2119:
2110:
2099:
2089:
2080:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2049:
1999:
1984:
1966:
1961:Independent vowel letters
1950:
1925:
1913:
1892:
1886:
1876:
1870:
1832:
1820:
1809:
1796:
1787:
1780:
1767:
1758:
1751:
1738:
1729:
1722:
1709:
1700:
1676:
1665:
1654:
1643:
1632:
1469:
1436:
1325:
1222:people. It is one of the
1191:
384:
370:
360:
353:
337:
332:
312:
243:
238:
200:
185:
172:
160:
151:
145:
56:the corresponding article
15837:Viswasahityavijnanakosam
14788:Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup
14773:Vallathol Narayana Menon
14738:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan
14728:Thirunalloor Karunakaran
14473:Balachandran Chullikkadu
14229:Pattathuvila Karunakaran
14104:Malayattoor Ramakrishnan
14064:Lalithambika Antharjanam
13132:Chinese semi-syllabaries
12395:Unicode braille patterns
12381:International uniformity
10836:Thomas Natural Shorthand
9520:Public Review Issue #66]
9227:"Malayalam cillaksarams"
8719:government of Tamil Nadu
8115:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan
7228:
7200:Romanisation (ISO 15919)
6434:in Greek). The spelling
4581:voiceless dental plosive
4497:, depending on the word.
2234:, transcriptions in the
1482:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan
349:, Malayalam
30:Not to be confused with
15997:Mozhi (transliteration)
15587:Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu
15503:Manushyanu Oru Aamukham
15398:Daivathinte Vikrithikal
14698:Puthussery Ramachandran
14648:Nellikkal Muraleedharan
14558:Kadavanad Kuttikrishnan
14553:Kadathanat Madhavi Amma
14407:Vaikom Muhammad Basheer
14244:Perumbadavam Sreedharan
14034:Karur Neelakanta Pillai
13999:K. P. Joseph Kalarickal
13763:O. N. V. Literary Award
13469:Blindness organizations
13448:Braille Without Borders
13237:Canadian currency marks
12859:Egyptian lineage family
12042:Southwest Paleohispanic
9712:Malayalam Unicode Fonts
9636:A Handbook of Phonetics
9598:Mohanan, K. P. (1996).
9488:Johny, Cibu C. (2005).
9325:Public Review Issue #37
9063:"South Asian Scripts-I"
8940:Learn Malayalam Online!
8759:, retrieved 2009-11-20.
8693:Encyclopædia Britannica
8687:Encyclopædia Britannica
8550:The Dravidian Languages
8129:Thunchan Parambu, Tirur
7842:) and a consonant with
6985:(āyiram) : 1000 -
6930:
6896:". "32" is written as "
6831:
6330:
5772:
5543:
5325:is a virama; therefore,
4796:Historically stood for
3467:Basic consonant letters
3292:originally denoted the
1964:Dependent vowel signs (
1198:used commonly to write
1183:[mɐlɐjaːɭɐlibi]
442:question marks or boxes
389:phonetic transcriptions
126:For more guidance, see
16002:Mullu Kurumba language
15937:Arabi Malayalam script
15615:Oru Sankeerthanam Pole
15580:Nakshathrangale Kaaval
15314:Anuragathinte Dinangal
14925:Kiliroor Radhakrishnan
14869:S. L. Puram Sadanandan
14864:Nalapat Narayana Menon
14683:Poonthanam Namboothiri
14643:Nalapat Narayana Menon
14518:Edasseri Govindan Nair
14503:Cherusseri Namboothiri
14164:Oyyarathu Chandu Menon
13678:Ezhuthachan Puraskaram
13658:Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award
13625:Kerala Sahitya Akademi
12786:Russian lineage family
12186:Great Lakes Algonquian
11095:Greco-Iberian alphabet
11028:Gabelsberger shorthand
9971:Inscriptional Parthian
8671:Burnell (1874), p. 35.
8597:Burnell (1874), p. 39.
8455:media.johnwiley.com.au
8276:Arabi Malayalam script
8206:A signboard including
7208:
6957:രണ്ടായിരത്തി പതിമൂന്ന്
6460:(hen̠r̠i) 'Henry' but
6454:(en̠r̠ōḷ) 'enroll' or
6002:form. An exception is
5480:with a visible virama.
5313:is a consonant letter
3458:
2170:Malayalam alphabet is
1574:Sooranad Kunjan Pillai
1363:inscription issued by
430:This article contains
16133:Constructed languages
15510:Maranathinte Nizhalil
15114:A. R. Raja Raja Varma
15036:M. R. Chandrasekharan
14893:Children's literature
14879:T. N. Gopinathan Nair
14839:C. N. Sreekantan Nair
14753:V. Madhusoodanan Nair
14638:N. V. Krishna Warrier
14623:Mohanakrishnan Kaladi
14453:A. R. Raja Raja Varma
14304:Sudhakar Mangalodayam
14129:N. P. Chellappan Nair
13758:Muttathu Varkey Award
13550:Accessible publishing
13476:Schools for the blind
13455:Japan Braille Library
13244:Computer Braille Code
12898:Indian lineage family
12278:Old Persian cuneiform
11145:Carolingian minuscule
9951:Ancient North Arabian
9225:Muller, Eric (2006).
8829:10.1002/9780470998694
8182:, and the vowel sign
7852:zero-width non-joiner
7768:("he") is written as
6635:A. R. Raja Raja Varma
6100:The consonant letter
5863:The consonant letter
5211:may represent either
4552:Corresponds to Tamil
3495:people. For example,
3446:
2174:, or does not have a
1448:while Malayalam is a
1317:, but independently.
128:Knowledge:Translation
99:copyright attribution
15957:Mathrubhumi Yearbook
15622:Oru Theruvinte Katha
15608:Oru Desathinte Katha
15475:Khasakkinte Itihasam
15468:Kesavante Vilapangal
15265:Aalahayude Penmakkal
15154:R. Narayana Panickar
15144:Kottarathil Sankunni
15086:V. T. Bhattathiripad
14884:V. T. Bhattathiripad
14803:V Madhusoodanan Nair
14588:Kureepuzha Sreekumar
14573:Kavitha Balakrishnan
14488:Chandiroor Divakaran
14259:Punathil Kunjabdulla
14159:Omchery N. N. Pillai
14084:M. T. Vasudevan Nair
13949:Joy J. Kaimaparamban
13611:Malayalam literature
13314:Mountbatten Brailler
12669:(largely reassigned)
12452:(largely reassigned)
12001:Southeastern Iberian
11996:Northeastern Iberian
9894:Egyptian hieroglyphs
9619:Burnell, Arthur Coke
9522:. Unicode, Inc. 2005
9107:. Unicode, Inc. 2008
8992:the May 2001 version
8896:. Psychology Press.
8428:on 11 September 2012
8345:Ager, Simon (1998).
7111:Malayalam date mark
7000:(pattŭ) : 10 -
6904:Tamil numeral system
6675:and circular virama
6643:(ṯṯ) was written as
6619:
5942:, a variant form of
5520:, with the ligature
4864:(oṭuvil, "finally")
3479:, transcriptions in
1565:Government of Kerala
1271:Indo-Aryan loanwords
15962:Jewish copper plate
15873:Omanathinkal Kidavo
15769:Viddikalude Swargam
15363:Ayussinte Pusthakam
14951:C. S. Venkiteswaran
14946:C. N. Ahmad Moulavi
14678:Pala Narayanan Nair
14538:K. C. Kesava Pillai
14412:Vallachira Madhavan
14382:Unnikrishnan Puthur
14352:Tatapuram Sukumaran
14279:Santhosh Echikkanam
14089:Madampu Kunjukuttan
14044:Kottayam Pushpanath
13266:Nemeth braille code
13052:(reassigned vowels)
12577:(extended to 8-dot)
12151:Canadian Aboriginal
12037:Khitan small script
11759:Khitan large script
10949:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
9600:"Malayalam Writing"
8920:. Presented at the
8375:"Vazhapally Temple"
8281:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
7870:now have their own
7015:(mūnnŭ) : 3 -
6970:(raṇḍŭ) : 2 -
6201:A consonant letter
5541:
5369:, which represents
5288:Consonant ligatures
5177:is inserted, as in
4668:
4166:
3539:
3348:
3214:
3037:
2245:
1446:Indo-Aryan language
1420:Arthur Coke Burnell
1365:Rajashekhara Varman
1263:Vatteluttu alphabet
488:and its descendants
189:Left-to-right
16159:Malayalam language
15906:Unnuneeli Sandesam
15858:Atmopadesa Śatakam
15720:Sufi Paranja Katha
15149:Krishna Chaithanya
14996:Kuttikrishna Marar
14673:P. P. Ramachandran
14668:P. Kunhiraman Nair
14628:Moyinkutty Vaidyar
14543:K. V. Ramakrishnan
14533:K. Ayyappa Paniker
14299:Socrates K. Valath
14184:P. K. Balakrishnan
13974:K. P. Nirmal Kumar
13964:K. L. Mohana Varma
13944:Jose Panachippuram
13884:C. V. Raman Pillai
13879:C. V. Balakrishnan
13849:Ashtamoorthi K. V.
13300:Braille translator
13277:Braille technology
13253:(science; GS8/GS6)
13222:Symbols in braille
13152:Taiwanese Mandarin
12667:Taiwanese Mandarin
12273:Nwagu Aneke script
11825:Other logosyllabic
11747:Chinese-influenced
11686:Oracle bone script
11668:Chinese characters
11603:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
10993:Eclectic shorthand
10981:Duployan shorthand
10934:Caucasian Albanian
10734:Canadian syllabics
9770:History of writing
9414:. 30 December 2013
9192:Unicode Consortium
8997:2010-01-31 at the
8725:on 11 January 2010
8682:"Grantha alphabet"
8646:on 9 November 2009
8464:on 20 October 2013
8306:Suriyani Malayalam
8212:Mina, Saudi Arabia
8124:Adhyatma Ramayanam
7755:Chillus in Unicode
6741:Malayalam numerals
5535:
5490:character encoding
5233:always represents
4722:(kūṇ, "mushroom")
4663:
4164:
3532:
3459:
3344:
3328:, but a Malayalam
3210:
3033:
2241:
2190:), the vowel sign
1841:, is the word for
1559:Orthography reform
1450:Dravidian language
1413:Thiruvananthapuram
1212:Dravidian language
107:interlanguage link
18:Malayalam (script)
16078:
16077:
15947:Malayalam grammar
15925:Assorted articles
15827:Sarvavijnanakosam
15817:Kerala Panineeyam
15650:Peruvazhiyambalam
15643:Pathummayude Aadu
15433:Francis Itty Cora
15328:Ara Nazhika Neram
15236:Vadakkan Pattukal
15185:M. N. Sathyaardhi
14956:Joseph Mundassery
14934:Essayists/Critics
14920:Sippy Pallippuram
14849:G. Sankara Pillai
14778:Vayalar Ramavarma
14718:Savithri Rajeevan
14688:Pulikkottil Hyder
14618:Mary John Thottam
14523:G. Shankara Kurup
14508:D. Vinayachandran
14468:Attoor Ravi Varma
14294:Savithri Rajeevan
14234:Paul Chirakkarode
13969:K. N. Ezhuthachan
13959:Arch Deacon Koshy
13934:Jayasree Kalathil
13577:
13576:
13573:
13572:
13495:tactile alphabets
13423:William Bell Wait
13416:Sabriye Tenberken
13217:
13216:
13082:
13081:
13067:(Japanese vowels)
12865:-mediated scripts
12792:-mediated scripts
12319:
12318:
12315:
12314:
12311:
12310:
12171:Ditema tsa Dinoko
12109:
12108:
12064:
12063:
12060:
12059:
11957:
11956:
11953:
11952:
11777:
11776:
11636:
11635:
11521:
11520:
11517:
11516:
10863:
10862:
10859:
10858:
10712:
10711:
10077:
10076:
10064:Teeline Shorthand
9822:
9821:
9632:Canepari, Luciano
9627:Trübner & Co.
9604:Daniels, Peter T.
9443:. 8 December 2017
9385:. 11 October 2010
9356:. 19 January 2015
8980:on 6 October 2009
8495:SIL International
8493:(16th ed.).
8381:on 9 January 2011
8296:Malayalam Braille
8042:(standard square
7848:zero-width joiner
7752:
7751:
7164:
7163:
6951:
6950:
6902:" similar to the
6882:
6881:
6391:
6390:
5840:
5839:
5732:
5731:
5496:. The glyphs for
5044:
5043:
5038:Not in modern use
5005:Not in modern use
4972:Not in modern use
4933:Not in modern use
4480:
4479:
4357:
4356:
4255:
4254:
4165:Other consonants
4162:
4161:
3507:" is neither ISO
3489:lowercase italics
3406:
3405:
3270:
3269:
3192:
3191:
2934:
2933:
2212:Malayalam letters
1346:
1334:
1255:Kasargod district
1243:coastal Karnataka
1230:texts in Kerala.
1166:
1165:
814:Proto-Tai script
438:rendering support
418:
417:
327:Saurashtra script
139:
138:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
16166:
16149:Malayalam script
16131:
16130:
16119:
16118:
16107:
16106:
16095:
16094:
16086:
16069:India portal
16067:
16066:
16065:
16052:
16051:
16040:
16039:
16028:
16027:
15972:Malayalam script
15952:Malayalam poetry
15822:Nātyakalpadrumam
15734:Thottiyude Makan
15307:Anargha Nimisham
15272:Aalohari Anandam
15076:Sukumar Azhikode
14900:Malayath Appunni
14713:Satyan Madakkara
14528:Irayimman Thampi
14327:Subhash Chandran
14274:S. K. Pottekkatt
14264:Raghunath Paleri
14254:Ponkunnam Varkey
14099:Malayath Appunni
13874:C. Radhakrishnan
13778:Padmarajan Award
13773:Odakkuzhal Award
13604:
13597:
13590:
13581:
13580:
13566:
13559:
13557:Braille literacy
13552:
13534:
13527:
13520:
13513:
13506:
13485:
13478:
13471:
13464:
13457:
13450:
13443:
13425:
13418:
13411:
13404:
13397:
13390:
13383:
13376:
13358:
13351:
13349:Slate and stylus
13344:
13337:
13335:Perkins Brailler
13330:
13323:
13316:
13309:
13302:
13295:
13293:Braille embosser
13288:
13268:
13261:
13254:
13246:
13239:
13232:
13210:
13202:
13195:
13177:
13170:
13161:
13154:
13147:
13140:
13133:
13117:
13114:American Braille
13098:
13095:Algerian Braille
13075:
13068:
13060:
13053:
13045:
13038:
13031:
13024:
13016:
13009:
13002:
12984:
12976:
12969:
12962:
12955:
12948:
12941:
12934:
12927:
12920:
12913:
12890:
12882:
12875:
12851:
12844:
12837:
12830:
12823:
12816:
12809:
12802:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12759:
12754:
12749:
12744:
12737:
12730:
12723:
12710:
12709:
12705:
12698:
12691:
12684:
12677:
12670:
12662:
12655:
12648:
12641:
12634:
12627:
12620:
12613:
12606:
12599:
12592:
12585:
12578:
12570:
12563:
12556:
12549:
12542:
12535:
12528:
12521:
12514:
12507:
12500:
12493:
12486:
12479:
12467:
12460:
12453:
12445:
12438:
12431:
12424:
12409:
12408:
12397:
12390:
12383:
12376:
12359:
12348:
12341:
12334:
12325:
12324:
12115:
12114:
12070:
12069:
11976:
11975:
11968:Semi-syllabaries
11963:
11962:
11664:
11663:
11655:
11654:
11642:
11641:
11527:
11526:
10882:
10881:
10869:
10868:
10771:Japanese Braille
10356:Zanabazar square
10225:Nepalese scripts
10115:Bengali–Assamese
10105:
10104:
10096:
10095:
10083:
10082:
10000:Pitman shorthand
9845:
9844:
9841:
9840:
9828:
9827:
9760:
9759:
9741:
9734:
9727:
9718:
9717:
9696:
9688:
9667:
9649:
9615:
9586:
9585:
9565:
9559:
9558:
9538:
9532:
9531:
9529:
9527:
9512:
9506:
9500:
9498:
9496:
9485:
9479:
9478:
9476:
9474:
9464:"മലയാള അക്കങ്ങൾ"
9459:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9448:
9438:
9430:
9424:
9423:
9421:
9419:
9409:
9401:
9395:
9394:
9392:
9390:
9380:
9372:
9366:
9365:
9363:
9361:
9351:
9343:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9332:
9322:
9313:
9307:
9298:
9292:
9283:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9272:
9263:
9254:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9240:
9231:
9222:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9206:
9200:
9189:
9180:
9174:
9165:
9159:
9150:
9144:
9135:
9129:
9123:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9112:
9097:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9077:
9067:
9059:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9045:
9036:
9028:Everson, Michael
9024:
9015:
9008:
9002:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8960:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8946:
8931:
8925:
8922:Graphematik 2018
8914:
8908:
8907:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8876:
8870:
8862:
8856:
8849:
8843:
8842:
8816:
8810:
8809:
8799:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8766:
8760:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8730:
8721:. Archived from
8711:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8678:
8672:
8669:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8636:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8607:
8598:
8595:
8589:
8582:"Kurumba, Betta"
8571:
8565:
8564:
8544:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8533:
8524:
8515:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8501:
8480:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8463:
8457:. Archived from
8452:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8427:
8421:. Archived from
8420:
8412:
8403:
8400:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8371:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:
8342:
8238:
8227:Travancore Rupee
8222:
8203:
8190:
8189:
8177:
8176:
8166:
8148:Thunchan Parambu
8139:
8110:
8071:
8055:
8034:(Kufic script),
8015:
7997:
7996:
7991:
7990:
7985:
7984:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7972:
7967:
7966:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7954:
7949:
7948:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7930:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7906:
7901:
7900:
7886:
7885:
7823:
7822:
7794:
7793:
7785:
7784:
7776:
7775:
7767:
7766:
7745:
7737:
7567:
7242:
7241:
7195:
7194:
7159:
7158:
7138:
7137:
7119:
7118:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7053:
7052:
7042:
7041:
7032:
7031:
7021:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7006:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6991:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6976:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6959:
6958:
6909:
6908:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6894:
6889:
6888:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6756:
6755:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6711:
6699:
6698:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6673:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6641:
6632:
6631:
6624:
6623:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6597:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6577:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6539:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6512:
6475:
6474:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6452:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6432:
6426:used instead of
6425:
6424:
6406:if it is a dead
6401:
6400:
6381:
6380:
6366:
6365:
6351:
6350:
6329:
6325:
6324:
6316:
6315:
6303:
6299:
6298:
6290:
6289:
6263:
6262:
6254:
6253:
6245:
6244:
6235:
6234:
6226:
6225:
6217:
6216:
6196:
6195:
6187:
6186:
6178:
6177:
6168:
6167:
6159:
6158:
6150:
6149:
6140:
6139:
6131:
6130:
6122:
6121:
6109:
6108:
6095:
6094:
6087:An exception is
6083:
6082:
6074:
6073:
6065:
6064:
6055:
6054:
6046:
6045:
6037:
6036:
6024:
6023:
6010:
6009:
5997:
5996:
5987:
5986:
5978:
5977:
5969:
5968:
5960:
5959:
5951:
5950:
5941:
5940:
5929:
5928:
5920:
5919:
5911:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5892:
5891:
5883:
5882:
5824:
5823:
5803:
5802:
5771:
5752:. The ligatures
5751:
5750:
5742:
5741:
5683:
5682:
5629:
5628:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5538:Common ligatures
5511:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5438:Half-conjoined—
5411:
5410:
5398:
5397:
5389:
5388:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5353:
5352:
5332:
5331:
5324:
5323:
5312:
5311:
5276:
5273:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5232:
5231:
5210:
5209:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5169:
5168:
5160:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5143:
5135:
5128:
5127:
5111:in Sanskrit, or
5101:
5100:
5092:
5091:
5082:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4940:
4939:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4916:
4911:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4826:(avar̠, "they")
4825:
4824:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4779:
4774:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4669:
4662:
4632:
4631:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4591:
4590:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4560:
4559:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4534:
4533:
4522:
4511:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4488:
4474:
4471:
4463:
4462:
4453:
4450:
4442:
4441:
4432:
4429:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4394:
4393:
4382:
4379:
4367:
4366:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4341:
4340:
4332:
4329:
4321:
4320:
4308:
4305:
4293:
4292:
4280:
4277:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4256:
4249:
4246:
4238:
4237:
4228:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4207:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4186:
4183:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4153:
4145:
4144:
4135:
4132:
4124:
4123:
4114:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4093:
4090:
4082:
4081:
4072:
4069:
4061:
4060:
4042:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4018:
4015:
4007:
4006:
3994:
3991:
3983:
3982:
3970:
3967:
3959:
3958:
3946:
3943:
3935:
3934:
3916:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3892:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3868:
3865:
3857:
3856:
3844:
3841:
3833:
3832:
3820:
3817:
3809:
3808:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3682:
3679:
3671:
3670:
3662:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3621:
3618:
3610:
3609:
3600:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3540:
3531:
3524:
3523:
3514:
3486:
3455:
3454:
3431:
3417:
3416:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3362:
3361:
3349:
3343:
3307:
3303:
3281:
3280:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3167:
3166:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3119:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3038:
3032:
2986:The vowel signs
2951:, used to write
2930:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2665:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2572:
2558:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2246:
2240:
2195:
2194:
2183:
2182:
2162:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2033:
2025:
2002:
2001:
1987:
1986:
1969:
1968:
1953:
1952:
1927:
1915:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1835:
1834:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1472:
1471:
1439:
1438:
1383:in the adjacent
1341:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1307:Grantha alphabet
1267:Grantha alphabet
1247:Dakshina Kannada
1193:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1169:Malayalam script
1158:
1151:
1144:
752:Southern Brahmic
700:Zanabazar square
608:Bengali–Assamese
495:Northern Brahmic
474:
473:
463:non-Latin script
461:is written in a
455:
426:
425:
414:
408:
404:
348:
345:
291:Malayalam script
196:
195:
180:
156:
146:Malayalam script
143:
142:
118:
112:
85:Google Translate
66:
62:
45:
44:
37:
21:
16174:
16173:
16169:
16168:
16167:
16165:
16164:
16163:
16154:Brahmic scripts
16139:
16138:
16137:
16125:
16113:
16101:
16089:
16081:
16079:
16074:
16063:
16061:
16016:
16007:Pandy Malayalam
15992:Mappila dialect
15987:Mannan language
15967:Judeo-Malayalam
15932:Arabi Malayalam
15920:
15891:(play in verse)
15846:
15795:
15601:Ormayude Arakal
15250:
15199:
15195:Nileena Abraham
15190:N. K. Damodaran
15163:
15129:Hermann Gundert
15106:
15100:
15096:V. V. K. Valath
15061:S. Rajasekharan
15041:Narendra Prasad
15021:M. N. Karassery
14929:
14905:P. Narendranath
14888:
14817:
14813:Sreedevi Kakkad
14583:Kunchan Nambiar
14431:
14402:V. P. Sivakumar
14342:T. V. Kochubava
14249:Ponjikkara Rafi
14124:N. N. Pisharody
14114:Muttathu Varkey
13979:K. P. Ramanunni
13919:George Onakkoor
13914:G. R. Indugopan
13889:C. V. Sreeraman
13834:Anoop Sasikumar
13819:Akbar Kakkattil
13807:Fiction writers
13802:
13793:Vallathol Award
13650:Literary awards
13644:
13613:
13608:
13578:
13569:
13562:
13555:
13548:
13537:
13530:
13523:
13516:
13509:
13502:
13488:
13481:
13474:
13467:
13460:
13453:
13446:
13439:
13428:
13421:
13414:
13407:
13400:
13393:
13386:
13381:Charles Barbier
13379:
13372:
13361:
13354:
13347:
13340:
13333:
13326:
13319:
13312:
13305:
13298:
13291:
13284:
13271:
13264:
13257:
13249:
13242:
13235:
13228:
13213:
13205:
13198:
13191:
13180:
13173:
13166:
13157:
13150:
13143:
13136:
13131:
13120:
13112:
13106:Frequency-based
13101:
13093:
13078:
13071:
13063:
13056:
13048:
13041:
13034:
13027:
13019:
13012:
13005:
12998:
12987:
12979:
12972:
12965:
12958:
12951:
12944:
12937:
12930:
12923:
12916:
12909:
12902:Bharati Braille
12899:
12893:
12885:
12878:
12871:
12860:
12854:
12847:
12840:
12833:
12826:
12819:
12812:
12805:
12798:
12787:
12781:
12774:
12769:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12740:
12733:
12726:
12719:
12708:
12701:
12694:
12687:
12680:
12673:
12665:
12658:
12651:
12644:
12637:
12630:
12623:
12616:
12609:
12602:
12595:
12588:
12581:
12573:
12566:
12559:
12552:
12545:
12538:
12531:
12524:
12517:
12510:
12503:
12496:
12489:
12482:
12476:Unified English
12470:
12463:
12456:
12448:
12441:
12434:
12427:
12420:
12405:Braille scripts
12400:
12393:
12386:
12379:
12372:
12361:
12357:
12352:
12307:
12122:
12105:
12101:Stokoe notation
12077:
12056:
12015:
11970:
11949:
11933:
11897:
11876:Logoconsonantal
11871:
11820:
11773:
11742:
11649:
11632:
11613:Siglas poveiras
11534:
11513:
11472:
11376:Younger Futhark
11080:Gregg shorthand
10876:
10855:
10708:
10360:
10090:
10073:
9852:
9835:
9818:
9791:Writing systems
9779:
9754:
9752:writing systems
9745:
9703:
9691:
9685:
9656:
9654:Further reading
9646:
9608:Bright, William
9594:
9589:
9582:
9566:
9562:
9555:
9539:
9535:
9525:
9523:
9514:
9513:
9509:
9494:
9492:
9486:
9482:
9472:
9470:
9460:
9456:
9446:
9444:
9436:
9432:
9431:
9427:
9417:
9415:
9407:
9403:
9402:
9398:
9388:
9386:
9378:
9374:
9373:
9369:
9359:
9357:
9349:
9345:
9344:
9340:
9330:
9328:
9320:
9314:
9310:
9299:
9295:
9284:
9280:
9270:
9268:
9261:
9255:
9248:
9238:
9236:
9229:
9223:
9214:
9204:
9202:
9198:
9187:
9181:
9177:
9166:
9162:
9151:
9147:
9136:
9132:
9124:
9120:
9110:
9108:
9099:
9098:
9085:
9075:
9073:
9065:
9061:
9060:
9053:
9043:
9041:
9034:
9025:
9018:
9009:
9005:
8999:Wayback Machine
8983:
8981:
8962:
8961:
8954:
8944:
8942:
8932:
8928:
8915:
8911:
8904:
8888:
8884:
8874:
8872:
8868:
8864:
8863:
8859:
8850:
8846:
8839:
8817:
8813:
8800:
8789:
8779:
8777:
8768:
8767:
8763:
8742:
8738:
8728:
8726:
8713:
8712:
8708:
8698:
8696:
8680:
8679:
8675:
8670:
8659:
8649:
8647:
8638:
8637:
8630:
8620:
8618:
8617:on 25 July 2011
8609:
8608:
8601:
8596:
8592:
8572:
8568:
8561:
8545:
8541:
8531:
8529:
8527:www.unicode.org
8522:
8516:
8509:
8499:
8497:
8481:
8477:
8467:
8465:
8461:
8450:
8446:
8445:
8441:
8431:
8429:
8425:
8418:
8414:
8413:
8406:
8401:
8394:
8384:
8382:
8373:
8372:
8365:
8355:
8353:
8343:
8334:
8330:
8325:
8286:Tigalari script
8271:
8266:
8265:
8264:
8261:
8239:
8230:
8223:
8214:
8204:
8195:
8167:
8158:
8146:is situated at
8140:
8131:
8111:
8102:
8072:
8063:
8056:
8047:
8016:
8004:
7998:) differently.
7799:represents the
7757:
7565:
7250:
7237:
7231:
7219:
7211:
7202:
7189:
7181:
7169:
7160:
7139:
7120:
7089:
7057:Corresponds to
7054:
7040:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6814:
6810:
6809:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6743:
6737:
6706:
6704:Other Anusvaras
6693:
6667:
6665:Archaic viramas
6626:
6617:
6591:
6566:
6490:
6476:is read either
6466:is always read
6304:. The ligature
6300:and pronounced
6276:
5870:
5860:
5530:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5475:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5270:
5246:Tigalari script
5141:kuṯṯiyal ukaram
5121:
5076:
5065:
5049:
5019:
4986:
4953:
4914:
4876:
4838:
4777:
4734:
4696:
4617:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4583:represented by
4578:
4574:
4551:
4547:
4529:+ this letter (
4512:) represents a
4505:
4501:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4383:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4309:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4281:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4008:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3767:
3763:
3748:
3744:
3729:
3725:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3695:Alveolo-palatal
3693:
3691:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3519:in this sense (
3512:
3485:CHARACTER NAMES
3484:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3399:
3395:
3383:
3379:
3367:
3363:
3342:
3336:without a dot.
3314:nasal consonant
3298:nasalised vowel
3263:
3259:
3247:
3245:
3233:
3229:
3208:
3185:
3181:
3169:
3168:
3154:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3125:
3121:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3071:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2896:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2853:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2803:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2764:
2760:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2710:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2667:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2590:
2578:
2574:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2524:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2485:
2481:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2431:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2404:
2392:
2388:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2338:
2326:
2322:
2305:
2301:
2224:
2219:
2214:
1939:
1937:Characteristics
1934:
1902:
1855:
1695:. For example:
1689:
1605:
1589:
1581:Kerala New Year
1561:
1549:Hermann Gundert
1514:Tuluva Brahmins
1506:Tigalari script
1465:Vaishikatantram
1369:Tigalari script
1291:
1235:Tigalari script
1178:
1162:
1133:
1132:
1026:Lik-Tai scripts
753:
745:
744:
496:
478:Brahmic scripts
472:
471:
470:
456:
447:
446:
445:
436:Without proper
427:
423:
385:
375:
363:
346:
343:
325:
321:
319:Tigalari script
315:
308:
246:
239:Related scripts
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
190:
175:
168:
147:
135:
134:
133:
116:
110:
69:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
16172:
16162:
16161:
16156:
16151:
16136:
16135:
16123:
16111:
16099:
16076:
16075:
16073:
16072:
16058:
16046:
16034:
16021:
16018:
16017:
16015:
16014:
16009:
16004:
15999:
15994:
15989:
15984:
15979:
15974:
15969:
15964:
15959:
15954:
15949:
15944:
15939:
15934:
15928:
15926:
15922:
15921:
15919:
15918:
15913:
15908:
15903:
15898:
15893:
15885:
15880:
15875:
15870:
15865:
15860:
15854:
15852:
15848:
15847:
15845:
15844:
15839:
15834:
15829:
15824:
15819:
15814:
15809:
15803:
15801:
15797:
15796:
15794:
15793:
15786:
15779:
15772:
15765:
15758:
15751:
15744:
15737:
15730:
15723:
15716:
15713:Smarakasilakal
15709:
15702:
15695:
15688:
15681:
15674:
15667:
15660:
15653:
15646:
15639:
15632:
15625:
15618:
15611:
15604:
15597:
15590:
15583:
15576:
15569:
15562:
15555:
15548:
15541:
15534:
15527:
15520:
15517:Marthandavarma
15513:
15506:
15499:
15492:
15485:
15478:
15471:
15464:
15457:
15450:
15443:
15436:
15429:
15422:
15415:
15408:
15405:Delhi Gadhakal
15401:
15394:
15387:
15380:
15373:
15370:Balyakalasakhi
15366:
15359:
15352:
15345:
15338:
15331:
15324:
15317:
15310:
15303:
15296:
15289:
15282:
15275:
15268:
15260:
15258:
15252:
15251:
15249:
15248:
15243:
15241:Venmani School
15238:
15233:
15228:
15223:
15218:
15213:
15207:
15205:
15201:
15200:
15198:
15197:
15192:
15187:
15182:
15177:
15171:
15169:
15165:
15164:
15162:
15161:
15156:
15151:
15146:
15141:
15136:
15131:
15126:
15121:
15119:Arnos Paathiri
15116:
15110:
15108:
15102:
15101:
15099:
15098:
15093:
15091:Vijayakrishnan
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15063:
15058:
15056:S. Guptan Nair
15053:
15048:
15043:
15038:
15033:
15028:
15023:
15018:
15013:
15008:
15003:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14978:
14973:
14971:K. P. Sankaran
14968:
14963:
14958:
14953:
14948:
14943:
14937:
14935:
14931:
14930:
14928:
14927:
14922:
14917:
14912:
14907:
14902:
14896:
14894:
14890:
14889:
14887:
14886:
14881:
14876:
14871:
14866:
14861:
14856:
14854:K. T. Muhammed
14851:
14846:
14841:
14836:
14831:
14825:
14823:
14819:
14818:
14816:
14815:
14810:
14805:
14800:
14795:
14790:
14785:
14780:
14775:
14770:
14765:
14760:
14755:
14750:
14748:Unnayi Variyar
14745:
14740:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14720:
14715:
14710:
14708:Satchidanandan
14705:
14700:
14695:
14693:Punaloor Balan
14690:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14660:
14658:O. N. V. Kurup
14655:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14610:
14605:
14600:
14595:
14590:
14585:
14580:
14575:
14570:
14565:
14563:Kamala Surayya
14560:
14555:
14550:
14545:
14540:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14448:A. C. Sreehari
14445:
14439:
14437:
14433:
14432:
14430:
14429:
14424:
14419:
14414:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14384:
14379:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14337:T. Padmanabhan
14334:
14332:T. P. Rajeevan
14329:
14324:
14321:
14316:
14311:
14306:
14301:
14296:
14291:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14231:
14226:
14221:
14216:
14211:
14206:
14201:
14199:P. R. Shyamala
14196:
14191:
14186:
14181:
14176:
14171:
14166:
14161:
14156:
14151:
14146:
14141:
14139:N. S. Madhavan
14136:
14134:N. P. Mohammed
14131:
14126:
14121:
14116:
14111:
14106:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14039:Khadija Mumtaz
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14019:Kamala Surayya
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13956:
13951:
13946:
13941:
13936:
13931:
13929:I. K. K. Menon
13926:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13906:
13901:
13896:
13891:
13886:
13881:
13876:
13871:
13866:
13861:
13859:Babu Bharadwaj
13856:
13851:
13846:
13841:
13839:Appu Nedungadi
13836:
13831:
13826:
13821:
13816:
13814:Ajijesh Pachat
13810:
13808:
13804:
13803:
13801:
13800:
13795:
13790:
13785:
13780:
13775:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13755:
13750:
13745:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13725:
13720:
13715:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13695:
13690:
13685:
13680:
13675:
13673:Edasseri Award
13670:
13668:Cherukad Award
13665:
13660:
13654:
13652:
13646:
13645:
13643:
13642:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13621:
13619:
13615:
13614:
13607:
13606:
13599:
13592:
13584:
13575:
13574:
13571:
13570:
13568:
13567:
13560:
13553:
13545:
13543:
13542:Related topics
13539:
13538:
13536:
13535:
13528:
13521:
13518:New York Point
13514:
13507:
13499:
13497:
13490:
13489:
13487:
13486:
13479:
13472:
13465:
13458:
13451:
13444:
13436:
13434:
13430:
13429:
13427:
13426:
13419:
13412:
13405:
13402:Harris Mowbray
13398:
13391:
13384:
13377:
13369:
13367:
13363:
13362:
13360:
13359:
13352:
13345:
13338:
13331:
13324:
13317:
13310:
13303:
13296:
13289:
13286:Braille e-book
13281:
13279:
13273:
13272:
13270:
13269:
13262:
13255:
13247:
13240:
13233:
13225:
13223:
13219:
13218:
13215:
13214:
13212:
13211:
13203:
13196:
13188:
13186:
13182:
13181:
13179:
13178:
13171:
13164:
13163:
13162:
13155:
13148:
13141:
13128:
13126:
13122:
13121:
13119:
13118:
13109:
13107:
13103:
13102:
13100:
13099:
13090:
13088:
13084:
13083:
13080:
13079:
13077:
13076:
13069:
13061:
13054:
13046:
13039:
13032:
13025:
13017:
13010:
13003:
12995:
12993:
12989:
12988:
12986:
12985:
12977:
12970:
12963:
12956:
12949:
12942:
12935:
12928:
12921:
12914:
12906:
12904:
12895:
12894:
12892:
12891:
12883:
12876:
12868:
12866:
12856:
12855:
12853:
12852:
12845:
12838:
12831:
12824:
12817:
12810:
12803:
12795:
12793:
12783:
12782:
12780:
12779:
12778:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12738:
12731:
12724:
12716:
12714:
12707:
12706:
12699:
12692:
12685:
12678:
12671:
12663:
12656:
12649:
12642:
12635:
12628:
12621:
12614:
12607:
12600:
12593:
12586:
12579:
12571:
12564:
12557:
12550:
12543:
12536:
12529:
12522:
12515:
12508:
12501:
12494:
12487:
12480:
12468:
12461:
12454:
12446:
12439:
12432:
12425:
12417:
12415:
12413:French-ordered
12406:
12402:
12401:
12399:
12398:
12391:
12384:
12377:
12369:
12367:
12363:
12362:
12351:
12350:
12343:
12336:
12328:
12321:
12320:
12317:
12316:
12313:
12312:
12309:
12308:
12306:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12253:Linear Elamite
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12234:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12127:
12124:
12123:
12111:
12110:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12082:
12079:
12078:
12075:Sign languages
12066:
12065:
12062:
12061:
12058:
12057:
12055:
12054:
12052:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12027:Espanca script
12023:
12021:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11986:Linear Elamite
11982:
11980:
11972:
11971:
11959:
11958:
11955:
11954:
11951:
11950:
11948:
11947:
11941:
11939:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11905:
11903:
11899:
11898:
11896:
11895:
11890:
11885:
11879:
11877:
11873:
11872:
11870:
11869:
11867:Yi (Classical)
11864:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11828:
11826:
11822:
11821:
11819:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11787:
11785:
11779:
11778:
11775:
11774:
11772:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11750:
11748:
11744:
11743:
11741:
11740:
11735:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11714:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11693:
11691:Bronze scripts
11688:
11683:
11678:
11672:
11670:
11661:
11651:
11650:
11638:
11637:
11634:
11633:
11631:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11545:
11539:
11536:
11535:
11523:
11522:
11519:
11518:
11515:
11514:
11512:
11511:
11506:
11504:Flag semaphore
11501:
11499:New York Point
11496:
11494:Telegraph code
11491:
11489:Maritime flags
11486:
11480:
11478:
11474:
11473:
11471:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11443:Visible Speech
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11420:
11415:
11413:Sorang Sompeng
11410:
11405:
11400:
11399:
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11317:
11316:
11315:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11297:Galik alphabet
11294:
11279:
11274:
11269:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11244:
11239:
11234:
11229:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11197:
11195:Tironian notes
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11082:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11061:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11040:
11038:Garay alphabet
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10989:
10988:
10978:
10973:
10972:
10971:
10966:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10915:
10914:
10904:
10899:
10894:
10888:
10886:
10878:
10877:
10865:
10864:
10861:
10860:
10857:
10856:
10854:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10833:
10828:
10823:
10821:Sorang Sompeng
10818:
10813:
10808:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10747:
10746:
10744:Déné syllabics
10741:
10731:
10726:
10720:
10718:
10714:
10713:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10706:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10581:
10580:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10534:
10533:
10528:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10507:
10506:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10470:
10469:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10368:
10366:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10347:
10346:
10341:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10300:
10299:
10289:
10288:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10111:
10109:
10102:
10092:
10091:
10079:
10078:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10060:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10039:
10034:
10033:
10032:
10027:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10005:Proto-Sinaitic
10002:
9997:
9996:
9995:
9985:
9980:
9979:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9963:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9927:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9890:
9889:
9879:
9878:
9877:
9866:
9865:
9857:
9854:
9853:
9837:
9836:
9824:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9817:
9816:
9810:
9809:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9787:
9785:
9781:
9780:
9778:
9777:
9772:
9766:
9764:
9756:
9755:
9744:
9743:
9736:
9729:
9721:
9715:
9714:
9709:
9702:
9701:External links
9699:
9698:
9697:
9689:
9683:
9668:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9650:
9644:
9628:
9616:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9587:
9580:
9560:
9553:
9533:
9507:
9480:
9454:
9425:
9396:
9367:
9338:
9327:. Unicode, Inc
9308:
9293:
9278:
9246:
9212:
9175:
9160:
9145:
9130:
9118:
9083:
9051:
9016:
9003:
8969:Kerala Gazette
8952:
8926:
8909:
8902:
8882:
8857:
8844:
8837:
8811:
8787:
8776:on 4 July 2013
8761:
8736:
8706:
8673:
8657:
8628:
8599:
8590:
8566:
8559:
8539:
8507:
8475:
8439:
8404:
8392:
8363:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8323:
8318:
8316:Sinhala script
8313:
8311:Grantha script
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8291:Malabar script
8288:
8283:
8278:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8263:
8262:
8240:
8233:
8231:
8224:
8217:
8215:
8205:
8198:
8196:
8168:
8161:
8159:
8141:
8134:
8132:
8112:
8105:
8103:
8092:Changaramkulam
8076:bilingual sign
8073:
8066:
8064:
8057:
8050:
8048:
8036:Middle Persian
8017:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7868:chillu letters
7756:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7739:
7725:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7703:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7682:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7596:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7572:
7571:
7568:
7563:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7526:
7523:
7519:
7518:
7515:
7512:
7509:
7506:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7494:
7491:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7476:
7473:
7470:
7466:
7465:
7462:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7413:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7400:
7397:
7394:
7391:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7275:
7272:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7233:Main article:
7230:
7227:
7218:
7215:
7210:
7207:
7201:
7198:
7188:
7185:
7180:
7177:
7168:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7140:
7133:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7107:
7055:
7048:
7046:
7039:
7036:
7024:
7023:
7008:
6993:
6978:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6818:
6807:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6760:
6747:numeral system
6739:Main article:
6736:
6735:Numeral system
6733:
6705:
6702:
6692:
6689:
6666:
6663:
6625:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6590:
6587:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6533:
6489:
6486:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6308:is written as
6282:is written as
6275:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6236:
6207:
6206:
6198:
6197:
6169:
6141:
6112:
6111:
6085:
6084:
6056:
6027:
6026:
5931:
5930:
5902:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5867:is generally C
5859:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5529:
5526:
5493:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5420:
5416:
5343:
5342:
5326:
5318:
5302:inherent vowel
5292:Like in other
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5267:
5266:
5258:is written as
5155:(for example,
5120:
5117:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5022:
5017:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5003:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4956:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4934:
4931:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4902:(avaḷ, "she")
4895:
4893:
4879:
4874:
4866:
4865:
4857:
4855:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4827:
4819:
4794:
4780:
4775:
4767:
4766:
4758:
4751:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4723:
4715:
4713:
4699:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4572:
4545:
4537:alveolar trill
4499:
4495:alveolar nasal
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4458:
4456:
4437:
4435:
4416:
4414:
4389:
4387:
4362:
4355:
4354:
4336:
4334:
4316:
4314:
4288:
4286:
4260:
4253:
4252:
4233:
4231:
4212:
4210:
4191:
4189:
4170:
4160:
4159:
4140:
4138:
4119:
4117:
4098:
4096:
4077:
4075:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4026:
4024:
4002:
4000:
3978:
3976:
3954:
3952:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3900:
3898:
3876:
3874:
3852:
3850:
3828:
3826:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3776:
3774:
3757:
3755:
3738:
3736:
3719:
3717:
3700:
3698:
3685:
3684:
3666:
3664:
3646:
3644:
3626:
3624:
3605:
3603:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3483:, and Unicode
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3448:
3404:
3403:
3389:
3387:
3373:
3371:
3357:
3355:
3341:
3338:
3268:
3267:
3253:
3251:
3239:
3237:
3223:
3221:
3207:
3204:
3190:
3189:
3175:
3173:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3144:
3142:
3131:
3129:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3042:
2968:Vedic Sanskrit
2932:
2931:
2917:
2915:
2906:
2904:
2890:
2888:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2811:
2797:
2795:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2768:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2704:
2702:
2688:
2686:
2677:
2675:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2625:
2611:
2609:
2595:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2518:
2516:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2452:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2425:
2423:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2332:
2330:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2168:
2167:
2137:
2107:
2077:
2054:
2013:inherent vowel
1994:
1993:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1962:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1901:
1900:Current status
1898:
1897:
1896:
1880:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1817:The ligature (
1814:
1813:
1784:
1755:
1726:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1604:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1560:
1557:
1539:, and between
1498:Grantha script
1475:Vaiśikatantram
1385:Malabar region
1290:
1287:
1196:Brahmic script
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1105:Telugu-Kannada
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
993:
992:
991:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
964:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
922:
917:
912:
911:
910:
900:
895:
890:
885:
875:
870:
869:
868:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
845:
844:
843:
842:
841:
840:
825:
812:
802:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
770:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
737:
736:
735:
730:
725:
724:
723:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
704:
703:
702:
692:
687:
686:
685:
675:
665:
664:
663:
662:
661:
656:
655:
654:
644:
634:
633:
632:
627:
622:
621:
620:
615:
600:
599:
598:
597:
596:
586:
581:
580:
579:
574:
554:
553:
552:
551:
550:
540:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
481:
480:
457:
450:
449:
448:
440:, you may see
428:
421:
420:
419:
416:
415:
409:⟩, see
382:
381:
376:
371:
368:
367:
364:
361:
358:
357:
351:
350:
341:
335:
334:
330:
329:
316:
314:Sister systems
313:
310:
309:
307:
306:
305:
304:
303:
302:
301:
300:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
294:
293:
292:
286:Grantha script
281:Pallava script
256:Proto-Sinaitic
249:
247:
245:Parent systems
244:
241:
240:
236:
235:
202:
198:
197:
187:
183:
182:
176:
173:
170:
169:
164:
162:
158:
157:
149:
148:
137:
136:
132:
131:
124:
113:
91:
88:
77:
70:
51:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16171:
16160:
16157:
16155:
16152:
16150:
16147:
16146:
16144:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16122:
16117:
16112:
16110:
16105:
16100:
16098:
16093:
16088:
16087:
16084:
16071:
16070:
16059:
16057:
16056:
16047:
16045:
16044:
16035:
16033:
16032:
16023:
16022:
16019:
16013:
16010:
16008:
16005:
16003:
16000:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15990:
15988:
15985:
15983:
15980:
15978:
15975:
15973:
15970:
15968:
15965:
15963:
15960:
15958:
15955:
15953:
15950:
15948:
15945:
15943:
15940:
15938:
15935:
15933:
15930:
15929:
15927:
15923:
15917:
15914:
15912:
15909:
15907:
15904:
15902:
15899:
15897:
15894:
15892:
15890:
15886:
15884:
15881:
15879:
15876:
15874:
15871:
15869:
15866:
15864:
15863:Daiva Daśakaṁ
15861:
15859:
15856:
15855:
15853:
15849:
15843:
15840:
15838:
15835:
15833:
15830:
15828:
15825:
15823:
15820:
15818:
15815:
15813:
15810:
15808:
15805:
15804:
15802:
15798:
15792:
15791:
15787:
15785:
15784:
15780:
15778:
15777:
15773:
15771:
15770:
15766:
15764:
15763:
15759:
15757:
15756:
15752:
15750:
15749:
15748:Vasanavikriti
15745:
15743:
15742:
15738:
15736:
15735:
15731:
15729:
15728:
15724:
15722:
15721:
15717:
15715:
15714:
15710:
15708:
15707:
15703:
15701:
15700:
15696:
15694:
15693:
15692:Rathinirvedam
15689:
15687:
15686:
15685:Randidangazhi
15682:
15680:
15679:
15675:
15673:
15672:
15671:Premalekhanam
15668:
15666:
15665:
15661:
15659:
15658:
15654:
15652:
15651:
15647:
15645:
15644:
15640:
15638:
15637:
15633:
15631:
15630:
15626:
15624:
15623:
15619:
15617:
15616:
15612:
15610:
15609:
15605:
15603:
15602:
15598:
15596:
15595:
15591:
15589:
15588:
15584:
15582:
15581:
15577:
15575:
15574:
15570:
15568:
15567:
15566:Naadan Premam
15563:
15561:
15560:
15556:
15554:
15553:
15549:
15547:
15546:
15542:
15540:
15539:
15535:
15533:
15532:
15528:
15526:
15525:
15521:
15519:
15518:
15514:
15512:
15511:
15507:
15505:
15504:
15500:
15498:
15497:
15496:Manju (novel)
15493:
15491:
15490:
15486:
15484:
15483:
15479:
15477:
15476:
15472:
15470:
15469:
15465:
15463:
15462:
15458:
15456:
15455:
15451:
15449:
15448:
15444:
15442:
15441:
15437:
15435:
15434:
15430:
15428:
15427:
15423:
15421:
15420:
15416:
15414:
15413:
15409:
15407:
15406:
15402:
15400:
15399:
15395:
15393:
15392:
15388:
15386:
15385:
15381:
15379:
15378:
15374:
15372:
15371:
15367:
15365:
15364:
15360:
15358:
15357:
15353:
15351:
15350:
15346:
15344:
15343:
15339:
15337:
15336:
15332:
15330:
15329:
15325:
15323:
15322:
15318:
15316:
15315:
15311:
15309:
15308:
15304:
15302:
15301:
15297:
15295:
15294:
15290:
15288:
15287:
15283:
15281:
15280:
15279:Aadujeevitham
15276:
15274:
15273:
15269:
15267:
15266:
15262:
15261:
15259:
15257:
15253:
15247:
15244:
15242:
15239:
15237:
15234:
15232:
15229:
15227:
15224:
15222:
15219:
15217:
15214:
15212:
15209:
15208:
15206:
15202:
15196:
15193:
15191:
15188:
15186:
15183:
15181:
15180:M. K. Kumaran
15178:
15176:
15173:
15172:
15170:
15166:
15160:
15157:
15155:
15152:
15150:
15147:
15145:
15142:
15140:
15137:
15135:
15132:
15130:
15127:
15125:
15124:George Mathan
15122:
15120:
15117:
15115:
15112:
15111:
15109:
15103:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15081:V. C. Sreejan
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15062:
15059:
15057:
15054:
15052:
15049:
15047:
15046:O. V. Vijayan
15044:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15034:
15032:
15029:
15027:
15026:M. N. Vijayan
15024:
15022:
15019:
15017:
15016:M. Leelavathy
15014:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14977:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14957:
14954:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14941:Annie Thayyil
14939:
14938:
14936:
14932:
14926:
14923:
14921:
14918:
14916:
14913:
14911:
14908:
14906:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14897:
14895:
14891:
14885:
14882:
14880:
14877:
14875:
14874:Thoppil Bhasi
14872:
14870:
14867:
14865:
14862:
14860:
14857:
14855:
14852:
14850:
14847:
14845:
14842:
14840:
14837:
14835:
14832:
14830:
14827:
14826:
14824:
14820:
14814:
14811:
14809:
14806:
14804:
14801:
14799:
14796:
14794:
14793:Vijayalakshmi
14791:
14789:
14786:
14784:
14781:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14756:
14754:
14751:
14749:
14746:
14744:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14724:
14723:Sugathakumari
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14709:
14706:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14653:Niranam poets
14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14609:
14606:
14604:
14601:
14599:
14596:
14594:
14593:Lalitha Lenin
14591:
14589:
14586:
14584:
14581:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14571:
14569:
14566:
14564:
14561:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14544:
14541:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14478:Balamani Amma
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14463:Arnos Pathiri
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14440:
14438:
14434:
14428:
14425:
14423:
14420:
14418:
14415:
14413:
14410:
14408:
14405:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14377:U. K. Kumaran
14375:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14367:Thomas Joseph
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14239:Paul Zacharia
14237:
14235:
14232:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14220:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14205:
14202:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14179:P. F. Mathews
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14157:
14155:
14154:O. V. Vijayan
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14109:Mallika Yunis
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13952:
13950:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13940:
13937:
13935:
13932:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13905:
13902:
13900:
13897:
13895:
13892:
13890:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13811:
13809:
13805:
13799:
13798:Vayalar Award
13796:
13794:
13791:
13789:
13786:
13784:
13781:
13779:
13776:
13774:
13771:
13769:
13766:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13754:
13751:
13749:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13701:
13699:
13696:
13694:
13691:
13689:
13686:
13684:
13681:
13679:
13676:
13674:
13671:
13669:
13666:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13656:
13655:
13653:
13651:
13647:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13626:
13623:
13622:
13620:
13618:Organisations
13616:
13612:
13605:
13600:
13598:
13593:
13591:
13586:
13585:
13582:
13565:
13561:
13558:
13554:
13551:
13547:
13546:
13544:
13540:
13533:
13529:
13526:
13525:Night writing
13522:
13519:
13515:
13512:
13508:
13505:
13501:
13500:
13498:
13496:
13491:
13484:
13480:
13477:
13473:
13470:
13466:
13463:
13459:
13456:
13452:
13449:
13445:
13442:
13438:
13437:
13435:
13433:Organisations
13431:
13424:
13420:
13417:
13413:
13410:
13406:
13403:
13399:
13396:
13395:Valentin Haüy
13392:
13389:
13385:
13382:
13378:
13375:
13374:Louis Braille
13371:
13370:
13368:
13364:
13357:
13353:
13350:
13346:
13343:
13339:
13336:
13332:
13329:
13325:
13322:
13318:
13315:
13311:
13308:
13307:Braille watch
13304:
13301:
13297:
13294:
13290:
13287:
13283:
13282:
13280:
13278:
13274:
13267:
13263:
13260:
13256:
13252:
13248:
13245:
13241:
13238:
13234:
13231:
13230:Braille music
13227:
13226:
13224:
13220:
13208:
13204:
13201:
13197:
13194:
13193:Luxembourgish
13190:
13189:
13187:
13183:
13176:
13172:
13169:
13165:
13160:
13156:
13153:
13149:
13146:
13142:
13139:
13135:
13134:
13130:
13129:
13127:
13123:
13115:
13111:
13110:
13108:
13104:
13096:
13092:
13091:
13089:
13085:
13074:
13070:
13066:
13062:
13059:
13055:
13051:
13047:
13044:
13040:
13037:
13033:
13030:
13026:
13022:
13018:
13015:
13011:
13008:
13004:
13001:
12997:
12996:
12994:
12992:Other scripts
12990:
12982:
12978:
12975:
12971:
12968:
12964:
12961:
12957:
12954:
12950:
12947:
12943:
12940:
12936:
12933:
12929:
12926:
12922:
12919:
12915:
12912:
12908:
12907:
12905:
12903:
12896:
12888:
12884:
12881:
12877:
12874:
12870:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12857:
12850:
12846:
12843:
12839:
12836:
12832:
12829:
12825:
12822:
12818:
12815:
12811:
12808:
12804:
12801:
12797:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12784:
12773:
12768:
12765:
12764:Northern Sámi
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12745:
12743:
12739:
12736:
12732:
12729:
12725:
12722:
12718:
12717:
12715:
12713:Nordic family
12711:
12704:
12700:
12697:
12693:
12690:
12686:
12683:
12679:
12676:
12672:
12668:
12664:
12661:
12657:
12654:
12653:South African
12650:
12647:
12643:
12640:
12636:
12633:
12629:
12626:
12622:
12619:
12615:
12612:
12608:
12605:
12601:
12598:
12594:
12591:
12587:
12584:
12580:
12576:
12575:Luxembourgish
12572:
12569:
12565:
12562:
12558:
12555:
12551:
12548:
12544:
12541:
12537:
12534:
12530:
12527:
12523:
12520:
12516:
12513:
12509:
12506:
12502:
12499:
12495:
12492:
12488:
12485:
12481:
12477:
12473:
12469:
12466:
12462:
12459:
12455:
12451:
12447:
12444:
12440:
12437:
12433:
12430:
12426:
12423:
12419:
12418:
12416:
12414:
12410:
12407:
12403:
12396:
12392:
12389:
12388:ASCII braille
12385:
12382:
12378:
12375:
12371:
12370:
12368:
12364:
12356:
12349:
12344:
12342:
12337:
12335:
12330:
12329:
12326:
12322:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12203:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12128:
12125:
12121:
12116:
12112:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12080:
12076:
12071:
12067:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12024:
12022:
12018:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11977:
11973:
11969:
11964:
11960:
11946:
11943:
11942:
11940:
11936:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11919:Attic (Greek)
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11904:
11900:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11880:
11878:
11874:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11857:Proto-Elamite
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11829:
11827:
11823:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11788:
11786:
11784:
11780:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11751:
11749:
11745:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11698:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11673:
11671:
11669:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11656:
11652:
11648:
11643:
11639:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11540:
11537:
11533:
11528:
11524:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11481:
11479:
11475:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11371:Elder Futhark
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11353:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11289:
11288:
11285:
11284:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11262:Old Hungarian
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11132:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11090:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11045:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10987:
10984:
10983:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10961:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10913:
10910:
10909:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10889:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10870:
10866:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10829:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10809:
10807:
10804:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10796:Masaram Gondi
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10766:Gunjala Gondi
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10736:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10721:
10719:
10715:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10694:
10693:
10690:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10579:
10578:Old Sundanese
10576:
10575:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10523:
10522:
10521:Old Maldivian
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10505:
10504:Bilang-bilang
10502:
10501:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10468:
10465:
10464:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10363:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10336:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10324:Sylheti Nagri
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10298:
10295:
10294:
10293:
10290:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10125:Brahmi script
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10084:
10080:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10022:
10021:
10020:South Arabian
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9994:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9966:Inscriptional
9964:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9906:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9883:
9880:
9876:
9873:
9872:
9871:
9868:
9867:
9864:
9863:
9859:
9858:
9855:
9851:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9829:
9825:
9815:
9811:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9793:
9792:
9789:
9788:
9786:
9782:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9742:
9737:
9735:
9730:
9728:
9723:
9722:
9719:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9704:
9694:
9690:
9686:
9684:9788126415786
9680:
9676:
9675:
9669:
9665:
9664:
9658:
9657:
9647:
9645:3-89586-480-3
9641:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9620:
9617:
9613:
9609:
9605:
9601:
9596:
9595:
9583:
9581:9783447059374
9577:
9573:
9572:
9564:
9556:
9554:9788188765072
9550:
9546:
9545:
9537:
9521:
9517:
9511:
9504:
9491:
9484:
9469:
9465:
9458:
9442:
9435:
9429:
9413:
9406:
9400:
9384:
9377:
9371:
9355:
9348:
9342:
9326:
9319:
9312:
9305:
9304:
9297:
9290:
9289:
9282:
9267:
9260:
9253:
9251:
9235:
9228:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9197:
9193:
9186:
9179:
9172:
9171:
9164:
9157:
9156:
9149:
9142:
9141:
9134:
9127:
9122:
9106:
9105:Unicode 5.1.0
9102:
9096:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9088:
9071:
9064:
9058:
9056:
9040:
9033:
9029:
9023:
9021:
9013:
9010:Asher, R. E.
9007:
9000:
8996:
8993:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8965:
8959:
8957:
8941:
8937:
8934:John, Vijay.
8930:
8923:
8919:
8913:
8905:
8903:9780415022422
8899:
8895:
8894:
8886:
8867:
8861:
8854:
8848:
8840:
8838:9780470998694
8834:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8815:
8807:
8806:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8775:
8771:
8765:
8758:
8757:81-85499-35-7
8754:
8750:
8746:
8740:
8724:
8720:
8716:
8710:
8694:
8690:
8688:
8683:
8677:
8668:
8666:
8664:
8662:
8645:
8641:
8635:
8633:
8616:
8612:
8606:
8604:
8594:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8575:
8570:
8562:
8560:9781139435338
8556:
8552:
8551:
8543:
8528:
8521:
8514:
8512:
8496:
8492:
8491:
8486:
8479:
8460:
8456:
8449:
8443:
8424:
8417:
8411:
8409:
8399:
8397:
8380:
8376:
8370:
8368:
8352:
8348:
8341:
8339:
8337:
8332:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8237:
8232:
8228:
8221:
8216:
8213:
8209:
8202:
8197:
8194:
8185:
8181:
8172:
8165:
8160:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8138:
8133:
8130:
8127:preserved at
8126:
8125:
8120:
8116:
8109:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8081:
8077:
8070:
8065:
8061:
8054:
8049:
8045:
8041:
8040:Judeo-Persian
8037:
8033:
8029:
8028:Old Malayalam
8025:
8024:Old Malayalam
8021:
8014:
8009:
8008:
8002:Image gallery
7999:
7895:
7891:
7881:
7878:The ligature
7876:
7873:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7827:
7818:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7789:
7780:
7771:
7762:
7759:For example,
7744:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7674:
7673:
7623:
7622:
7574:
7573:
7521:
7520:
7468:
7467:
7415:
7414:
7363:
7362:
7311:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7240:
7236:
7226:
7224:
7214:
7206:
7197:
7184:
7176:
7174:
7153:
7151:Double danda
7150:
7149:
7145:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7122:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7104:
7093:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7060:
7056:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7038:Other symbols
7035:
7033:
7022:
7009:
7007:
6994:
6992:
6979:
6977:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6819:
6808:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6753:is followed.
6752:
6748:
6742:
6732:
6701:
6688:
6662:
6636:
6615:Archaic signs
6612:
6586:
6570:
6534:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6470:. Similarly,
6469:
6447:
6443:
6431:
6423:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6396:
6386:
6383:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6320:
6311:
6307:
6294:
6285:
6281:
6278:The ligature
6274:
6270:
6258:
6249:
6240:
6237:
6230:
6221:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6191:
6182:
6173:
6170:
6163:
6154:
6145:
6142:
6135:
6126:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6096:(see above).
6090:
6078:
6069:
6060:
6057:
6050:
6041:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6011:(see above).
6005:
6001:
5991:
5982:
5973:
5964:
5955:
5945:
5936:
5924:
5915:
5906:
5903:
5896:
5887:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5734:The ligature
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5533:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5499:
5491:
5471:
5454:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5413:
5406:
5402:
5393:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5357:
5348:
5340:
5336:
5327:
5319:
5316:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5294:Indic scripts
5272:
5268:
5265:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5204:
5176:
5172:
5163:
5154:
5148:കുറ്റിയൽ ഉകരം
5144:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5133:saṁvr̥tōkāram
5116:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5095:
5086:
5069:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4944:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4905:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4867:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4829:
4820:
4811:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4776:
4768:
4765:(avaṉ, "he")
4759:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4725:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4675:Unicode name
4670:
4666:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4625:chillaksharam
4622:
4616:
4595:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4564:
4555:
4549:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4518:
4515:
4503:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4483:
4467:
4457:
4446:
4436:
4425:
4415:
4412:
4404:
4398:
4388:
4386:
4377:
4371:
4361:
4360:
4345:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4312:
4303:
4297:
4287:
4284:
4275:
4269:
4259:
4258:
4242:
4232:
4221:
4211:
4200:
4190:
4179:
4169:
4168:
4149:
4139:
4128:
4118:
4107:
4097:
4086:
4076:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4035:
4025:
4022:
4011:
4001:
3998:
3987:
3977:
3974:
3963:
3953:
3950:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3909:
3899:
3896:
3885:
3875:
3872:
3861:
3851:
3848:
3837:
3827:
3824:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3709:
3699:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3625:
3614:
3604:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3518:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3473:romanizations
3453:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3398:
3388:
3382:
3372:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3275:
3262:
3252:
3238:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3203:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3130:
3124:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3091:
3080:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2926:
2916:
2905:
2899:
2889:
2883:
2873:
2862:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2823:
2812:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2780:
2769:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2730:
2719:
2713:
2703:
2697:
2687:
2676:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2637:
2626:
2620:
2610:
2604:
2594:
2583:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2517:
2511:
2501:
2490:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2451:
2440:
2434:
2424:
2418:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2358:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:romanizations
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2156:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2108:
2106:
2096:
2086:
2078:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1884:
1881:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1687:
1673:
1670:
1662:
1659:
1651:
1648:
1640:
1637:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1567:reformed the
1566:
1563:In 1971, the
1556:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:Tulu language
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:Chola dynasty
1421:
1418:According to
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:Betta Kurumba
1276:
1272:
1269:to represent
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:Tulu language
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1174:Malayāḷa lipi
1170:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
994:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
909:
906:
905:
904:
903:Old Sundanese
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
874:
871:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
839:
836:
835:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
816:
815:
813:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:
760:
759:
756:
755:
749:
748:
741:
738:
734:
731:
729:
726:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:
708:
705:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
691:
688:
684:
681:
680:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
660:
657:
653:
650:
649:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
631:
628:
626:
623:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
605:
604:
601:
595:
594:Sylheti Nagri
592:
591:
590:
587:
585:
582:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
568:
565:
564:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
498:
492:
491:
487:
486:Brahmi script
483:
482:
479:
476:
475:
468:
464:
460:
454:
443:
439:
435:
433:
412:
400:
396:
394:
390:
383:
380:
379:U+0D00–U+0D7F
377:
374:
373:Unicode range
369:
365:
362:Unicode alias
359:
356:
352:
342:
340:
336:
331:
328:
324:
320:
317:
311:
290:
289:
287:
284:
283:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
273:
272:
271:Brahmi script
269:
268:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
253:
252:
248:
242:
237:
234:
230:
229:Betta Kurumba
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
199:
194:
188:
184:
181:830 – present
177:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
144:
141:
129:
125:
122:
114:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
71:
65:
59:
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
16060:
16053:
16041:
16029:
15971:
15916:Krishnagatha
15888:
15878:Makarakoythu
15807:Aithihyamala
15788:
15781:
15774:
15767:
15760:
15753:
15746:
15739:
15732:
15725:
15718:
15711:
15704:
15697:
15690:
15683:
15678:Randamoozham
15676:
15669:
15662:
15655:
15648:
15641:
15634:
15627:
15620:
15613:
15606:
15599:
15594:Odayil Ninnu
15592:
15585:
15578:
15571:
15564:
15557:
15550:
15543:
15536:
15529:
15522:
15515:
15508:
15501:
15494:
15487:
15480:
15473:
15466:
15459:
15452:
15445:
15438:
15431:
15426:Ente Thankam
15424:
15417:
15410:
15403:
15396:
15389:
15382:
15375:
15368:
15361:
15354:
15347:
15340:
15333:
15326:
15319:
15312:
15305:
15298:
15291:
15284:
15277:
15270:
15263:
15246:Vanchippattu
15226:Manipravalam
15105:Scholars and
15066:Sabeena Rafi
15051:P. Surendran
14981:K. M. George
14976:K. Damodaran
14961:K. M. Daniel
14829:C. J. Thomas
14763:V. M. Girija
14633:N. N. Kakkad
14613:Manoj Kuroor
14608:M. S. Banesh
14578:Kumaran Asan
14427:Vinoy Thomas
14372:U. A. Khader
14347:T. V. Varkey
14289:Sarah Thomas
14284:Sarah Joseph
14204:P. Surendran
14194:P. R. Nathan
14189:P. Kesavadev
14174:P. Surendran
14079:M. Sukumaran
13994:K. Surendran
13939:John Abraham
13904:E. Harikumar
13894:Chandramathi
13864:B. M. Suhara
13854:Aymanam John
13788:Ulloor Award
13065:Thai and Lao
12742:Scandinavian
12374:1829 braille
12366:Braille cell
12166:Cypro-Minoan
12032:Pahawh Hmong
11945:Sitelen Pona
11909:Hindu-Arabic
11242:Mundari Bani
10816:Pahawh Hmong
10625:Tamil-Brahmi
10531:Eveyla Akuru
10526:Dhives Akuru
10515:
9993:Paleo-Hebrew
9860:
9796:undeciphered
9692:
9677:. DC Books.
9673:
9662:
9635:
9623:
9611:
9570:
9563:
9543:
9536:
9526:24 September
9524:. Retrieved
9519:
9510:
9495:16 September
9493:. Retrieved
9483:
9471:. Retrieved
9467:
9457:
9445:. Retrieved
9440:
9428:
9416:. Retrieved
9411:
9399:
9387:. Retrieved
9382:
9370:
9358:. Retrieved
9353:
9341:
9331:10 September
9329:. Retrieved
9324:
9311:
9302:
9296:
9291:(pp. 12-15).
9287:
9281:
9271:10 September
9269:. Retrieved
9265:
9239:10 September
9237:. Retrieved
9233:
9203:. Retrieved
9178:
9169:
9163:
9154:
9148:
9139:
9133:
9121:
9111:10 September
9109:. Retrieved
9104:
9074:. Retrieved
9069:
9042:. Retrieved
9038:
9011:
9006:
8982:. Retrieved
8978:the original
8973:
8967:
8943:. Retrieved
8939:
8929:
8921:
8912:
8892:
8885:
8873:. Retrieved
8860:
8852:
8847:
8820:
8814:
8804:
8778:. Retrieved
8774:the original
8764:
8748:
8739:
8727:. Retrieved
8723:the original
8709:
8697:. Retrieved
8685:
8676:
8648:. Retrieved
8644:the original
8619:. Retrieved
8615:the original
8611:"The Script"
8593:
8576:(16th ed.):
8573:
8569:
8549:
8542:
8530:. Retrieved
8526:
8498:. Retrieved
8489:
8478:
8466:. Retrieved
8459:the original
8454:
8442:
8430:. Retrieved
8423:the original
8383:. Retrieved
8379:the original
8354:. Retrieved
8350:
8192:
8183:
8179:
8170:
8122:
8084:Latin script
7893:
7889:
7879:
7877:
7867:
7864:semantically
7859:
7855:
7843:
7839:
7837:
7831:
7825:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7787:
7778:
7769:
7760:
7758:
7743:
7735:
7728:
7245:
7238:
7220:
7212:
7203:
7190:
7182:
7170:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7065:
7027:
7025:
7016:
7001:
6986:
6971:
6954:
6952:
6883:
6744:
6707:
6694:
6691:Chandrabindu
6668:
6633:was made by
6627:
6592:
6571:
6567:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6491:
6481:
6477:
6467:
6445:
6441:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6394:
6392:
6340:
6335:
6318:
6309:
6305:
6292:
6283:
6279:
6277:
6272:
6268:
6256:
6247:
6238:
6228:
6219:
6210:
6202:
6189:
6180:
6171:
6161:
6152:
6143:
6133:
6124:
6115:
6101:
6088:
6086:
6076:
6067:
6058:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6016:
6003:
5999:
5989:
5980:
5971:
5962:
5961:, just like
5953:
5943:
5934:
5932:
5922:
5913:
5904:
5894:
5885:
5876:
5864:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5843:Consonant +
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5744:
5735:
5733:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5531:
5517:
5514:palaeography
5513:
5497:
5483:
5414:
5400:
5391:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5355:
5346:
5344:
5338:
5334:
5314:
5291:
5271:
5239:
5234:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5174:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5138:
5130:
5122:
5112:
5106:
5102:
5093:
5084:
5068:Chandrakkala
5067:
5066:
5050:
5047:Chandrakkala
5029:
4996:
4963:
4924:
4886:
4848:
4787:
4754:
4744:
4706:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4634:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4593:
4584:
4575:
4562:
4553:
4548:
4524:
4502:
4491:Dental nasal
4486:
4465:
4444:
4423:
4410:
4396:
4384:
4369:
4343:
4323:
4310:
4295:
4282:
4267:
4240:
4219:
4198:
4177:
4147:
4126:
4105:
4084:
4063:
4044:
4033:
4020:
4009:
3996:
3985:
3972:
3961:
3948:
3937:
3918:
3907:
3894:
3883:
3870:
3859:
3846:
3835:
3822:
3811:
3791:
3783:
3771:
3764:
3752:
3745:
3733:
3726:
3714:
3707:
3689:Postalveolar
3673:
3653:
3633:
3612:
3591:
3533:
3516:
3511:nor Unicode
3508:
3502:
3496:
3488:
3472:
3470:
3451:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3396:
3380:
3364:
3352:
3345:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3294:nasalization
3286:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3260:
3230:
3218:
3211:
3193:
3182:
3170:
3151:
3139:
3122:
3110:
3099:
3072:
3060:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2924:
2897:
2881:
2854:
2842:
2831:
2804:
2788:
2761:
2749:
2738:
2711:
2695:
2668:
2656:
2645:
2618:
2602:
2575:
2563:
2552:
2525:
2509:
2482:
2470:
2459:
2432:
2416:
2389:
2377:
2366:
2339:
2323:
2311:
2302:
2290:
2243:Monophthongs
2227:
2225:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2169:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2076:vowel sign a
2061:
2039:
1995:
1989:
1972:svarachinnam
1971:
1955:
1940:
1918:pazhaya lipi
1917:
1906:put̪iya lipi
1905:
1903:
1882:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1693:chandrakkala
1692:
1690:
1686:Chandrakkala
1685:
1671:
1660:
1649:
1638:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1578:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1470:വൈശികതന്ത്രം
1464:
1461:Manipravalam
1454:
1441:
1437:ആര്യ എഴുത്ത്
1417:
1389:Tamil script
1377:South Canara
1349:Tamil-Brahmi
1320:Vatteluttu (
1319:
1315:Tamil-Brahmi
1295:Tamil-Brahmi
1292:
1241:, spoken in
1232:
1168:
1167:
1025:
788:Dhives Akuru
777:
758:Tamil-Brahmi
462:
429:
405:and ⟨
387:
323:Dhives Akuru
276:Tamil-Brahmi
140:
103:edit summary
94:
63:(April 2023)
61:
58:in Malayalam
53:
32:Malay script
16109:Linguistics
16055:WikiProject
15896:Rani (poem)
15883:Puthen Pana
15440:Gurusagaram
15335:Arabi Ponnu
15168:Translators
15134:Jyeṣṭhadeva
15107:Grammarians
14966:K. P. Appan
14859:M. Govindan
14822:Playwrights
14783:Veerankutty
14603:M. P. Appan
14598:M. Govindan
14483:Bodheswaran
14443:A. Ayyappan
14362:Thikkodiyan
14224:Parappurath
14169:P. Ayyaneth
14074:M. Mukundan
14069:M. Govindan
14054:K. V. Anoop
14029:Karunakaran
13984:K. R. Meera
13564:RoboBraille
13388:Róża Czacka
13328:Perforation
13125:Independent
13023:(Bhutanese)
12758:Greenlandic
12429:Azerbaijani
12231:Jindai moji
12120:Syllabaries
12091:SignWriting
11991:Celtiberian
11893:Hieroglyphs
11696:Seal script
11681:Traditional
11553:Blissymbols
11458:Warang Citi
11433:Tolong Siki
11386:Marcomannic
11366:Dalecarlian
11356:Anglo-Saxon
11336:Pau Cin Hau
11227:Medefaidrin
11180:Merovingian
11140:Blackletter
11048:Asomtavruli
10841:Warang Citi
10650:Ulu scripts
10595:New Tai Lue
10538:Mon–Burmese
10392:Bhattiprolu
10220:Nandinagari
10047:ʾEsṭrangēlā
9806:constructed
9468:ഗ്രന്ഥപ്പുര
9306:(pp. 9-11).
9076:8 September
9044:9 September
8945:8 September
8780:20 November
8729:11 November
8640:"Alphabets"
8621:20 November
8485:"Malayalam"
8432:22 December
8356:8 September
8255:Lakshadweep
8058:A medieval
7892:+ virama +
7872:code points
7167:Sample text
7045:Praslesham
6890:" and not "
6553:(Reformed:
6526:(Reformed:
6418:(just like
6349:Non-ligated
6015:Similarly,
5970:is written
5801:Non-ligated
5627:Non-ligated
5518:palæography
5377:+ virama +
5227:elsewhere;
5085:candrakkala
4635:cillakṣaram
4313:(hard sha)
4023:(soft dha)
3975:(soft tha)
3897:(hard dha)
3849:(hard tha)
3566:Unaspirated
3558:Unaspirated
3538:consonants
3436:. Like the
3312:to another
3310:assimilated
3044:Independent
2262:Independent
2163:vowel sign
2133:vowel sign
2103:vowel sign
1932:Description
1620:consonant.
1569:orthography
1516:in Kerala.
1442:Ārya eḻuttŭ
1361:Vazhappally
1326:വട്ടെഴുത്ത്
1311:Vattezhuthu
1216:Lakshadweep
1095:Bhattiprolu
1060:New Tai Lue
1011:S'gaw Karen
996:Mon–Burmese
925:Ulu scripts
717:Pungs-chung
584:Nandinagari
174:Time period
161:Script type
16143:Categories
15868:Jnanappana
15842:Yuktibhāṣā
15706:Shabdangal
15573:Naalukettu
15524:Mathilukal
15489:Kundalatha
15482:Kocharethi
15419:Ente Katha
15356:Avakasikal
15349:Asuravithu
15321:Agnisakshi
15221:Kilippattu
15211:Champukkal
15175:Leela Devi
15031:M. P. Paul
15006:M. K. Sanu
14991:Kozhikodan
14834:C. L. Jose
14269:S. Hareesh
14214:Padmarajan
14209:P. Valsala
14119:N. Mohanan
14014:Kakkanadan
13954:K. J. Baby
13869:B. Sandhya
13829:Anita Nair
13116:(obsolete)
13097:(obsolete)
12889:(Pakistan)
12800:Belarusian
12682:Vietnamese
12625:Portuguese
12611:Philippine
12568:Lithuanian
12221:Hentaigana
12216:Man'yōgana
11676:Simplified
11563:Ersu Shaba
11477:Non-linear
11282:Old Uyghur
11272:Old Permic
11267:Old Italic
11200:Visigothic
11135:Beneventan
11070:Glagolitic
11033:Gadabuursi
10697:Kolezhuthu
10692:Vatteluttu
10630:Tanchangya
10553:Saurashtra
10130:Devanagari
9988:Phoenician
9941:Manichaean
9638:. LINCOM.
8875:25 October
8699:28 October
8650:29 October
8574:Ethnologue
8500:31 October
8468:11 January
8385:31 October
8328:References
8301:Mulabhadra
8156:Malappuram
8096:Malappuram
8046:) scripts.
8026:. Besides
7850:(ZWJ) and
7059:Devanagari
6745:Malayalam
5250:Devanagari
5126:സംവൃതോകാരം
5115:in Hindi.
5080:ചന്ദ്രക്കല
5020:CHILLU LLL
4630:ചില്ലക്ഷരം
4613:See also:
4434:(hard ra)
3999:(soft da)
3951:(soft ta)
3873:(hard da)
3825:(hard ta)
3501:Thiruvanan
3462:Consonants
3346:Visargam ഃ
3052:Vowel sign
3047:Dependent
3035:Diphthongs
2282:Vowel sign
2276:Vowel sign
2271:Dependent
1967:സ്വരചിഹ്നം
1914:പുതിയ ലിപി
1623:Examples:
1493:Kolezhuthu
1487:Vatteluttu
1397:Kolezhuthu
1353:Tamil Nadu
1337:Vaṭṭeḻuttŭ
1192:മലയാള ലിപി
1081:Kolezhuthu
1076:Vatteluttu
1048:Modern Mon
1021:Tanchangya
793:Saurashtra
714:Pungs-chen
567:Devanagari
432:Indic text
261:Phoenician
16031:Templates
15982:Malayanma
15800:Treatises
15447:Indulekha
15286:Aarachaar
14910:Sumangala
14703:S. Joseph
14059:Lajo Jose
14004:K. Thayat
13532:Vibratese
13511:Moon type
13504:Decapoint
13185:Eight-dot
13138:Cantonese
13087:Reordered
13050:Inuktitut
12939:Malayalam
12849:Ukrainian
12828:Mongolian
12807:Bulgarian
12770:Norwegian
12735:Icelandic
12526:Hungarian
12484:Esperanto
12436:Cantonese
12020:Redundant
11832:Anatolian
11783:Cuneiform
11711:bird-worm
11647:Logograms
11618:Testerian
11532:Ideograms
11509:Moon type
11396:Staveless
11287:Mongolian
11232:Molodtsov
11190:Sütterlin
11058:Mkhedruli
10924:Bassa Vah
10874:Alphabets
10846:Mwangwego
10811:Mwangwego
10786:Kharosthi
10739:Blackfoot
10702:Malayanma
10573:Sundanese
10568:Sukhothai
10516:Malayalam
10467:Khom Thai
10427:Goykanadi
10351:Tocharian
10304:ʼPhags-pa
10175:Khudabadi
10120:Bhaiksuki
10015:Samaritan
9946:Nabataean
9801:inventors
9503:L2/05-085
9501:See also
9266:L2/05-210
9205:23 August
9012:Malayalam
8990:See also
8984:8 October
8321:ISO 15919
8259:Puduchery
8249:state of
8208:Malayalam
8080:Malayalam
7247:Malayalam
7187:Malayalam
7103:praślēṣam
7097:പ്രശ്ലേഷം
7092:Malayalam
6000:post-base
5283:Ligatures
5063:As virama
4938:വാൿചാതുരി
4877:CHILLU LL
4778:CHILLU RR
4697:CHILLU NN
4684:Examples
4539:(apical)
4514:geminated
3800:Retroflex
3569:Aspirated
3562:Aspirated
3547:Voiceless
3477:ISO 15919
3326:ISO 15919
3285:), or an
3283:anusvāram
3279:അനുസ്വാരം
3274:anusvaram
3212:Anusvaram
3206:Anusvaram
3140:(archaic)
2265:Dependent
2232:ISO 15919
2036:allophone
2017:unrounded
2005:diacritic
1990:vyañjanam
1982:letters (
1980:Consonant
1922:Malayalam
1910:Malayalam
1409:Malayanma
1331:romanized
1322:Malayalam
1303:Malayalam
1200:Malayalam
1188:Malayalam
1115:Goykanadi
1086:Malayanma
908:Sundanese
818:Sukhothai
810:Khom Thai
778:Malayalam
740:Tocharian
733:Bhaiksuki
526:Khudabadi
469:standard.
467:ISO 15919
459:Malayalam
366:Malayalam
339:ISO 15924
333:ISO 15924
205:Malayalam
201:Languages
186:Direction
121:talk page
16097:Language
16043:Category
15790:Yanthram
15664:Pravasam
15559:Muthassi
15412:Enmakaje
15384:Chemmeen
15342:Arohanam
15300:Anal Haq
15071:Sanjayan
14844:Cherukad
14498:Cherukad
14422:Vilasini
14397:V. K. N.
14319:Sohanlal
14144:Nandanar
14094:Madhupal
14024:Kanam EJ
13989:K. Rekha
13899:Cherukad
13168:Japanese
13029:Georgian
13021:Dzongkha
13007:Armenian
12925:Gujarati
12790:Cyrillic
12721:Estonian
12696:Yugoslav
12632:Romanian
12604:Nigerian
12519:Hawaiian
12505:Ghanaian
12422:Albanian
12283:Sumerian
12248:Linear B
12211:Katakana
12206:Hiragana
12156:Cherokee
12086:ASLwrite
12047:Bopomofo
11902:Numerals
11888:Hieratic
11847:Isthmian
11816:Sumerian
11796:Assyrian
11791:Akkadian
11448:Vithkuqi
11423:Tifinagh
11391:Medieval
11346:Pisidian
11341:Phrygian
11312:Vagindra
11257:Ol Chiki
11165:Interlac
11120:Kayah Li
11110:Jenticha
11065:Veso Bey
11053:Nuskhuri
11043:Georgian
11013:Formosan
11008:Etruscan
11003:Enochian
10959:Cyrillic
10944:Coelbren
10902:Armenian
10801:Meroitic
10791:Mandombe
10781:Jenticha
10645:Tigalari
10610:Tai Viet
10605:Tai Tham
10585:Tagbanwa
10437:Javanese
10387:Baybayin
10377:Balinese
10365:Southern
10260:Pracalit
10255:Pachumol
10230:Bhujimol
10190:Mahajani
10150:Gurmukhi
10140:Gujarati
10108:Northern
10088:Abugidas
10069:Ugaritic
10057:Maḏnḥāyā
9931:Tifinagh
9924:Solitreo
9862:Numerals
9775:Grapheme
9763:Overview
9621:(1874).
9610:(eds.).
9473:12 April
9447:11 March
9418:11 March
9389:11 March
9360:11 March
9196:Archived
9030:(2007).
8995:Archived
8586:"Ravula"
8578:"Paniya"
8351:Omniglot
8269:See also
8180:akkādami
8113:Copy of
8060:Tigalari
7890:chillu-n
7797:chillu-n
7795:, where
7788:chillu-n
7066:avagraha
7062:avagraha
6655:(ṉḏ) as
6502:chillu-r
6498:dot reph
6488:Dot reph
6404:chillu-n
5405:ligature
5345:If this
4987:CHILLU Y
4954:CHILLU M
4915:CHILLU K
4839:CHILLU L
4735:CHILLU N
4681:Remarks
4667:letters
4643:Anusvara
4526:chillu-n
4283:soft sha
4038:/n̪a,na/
3493:Malayali
3438:anusvara
3420:visargam
3410:visargam
3340:Visargam
3330:anusvara
3318:anusvara
3288:anusvara
3200:/kaːlam/
3171:(modern)
3055:Example
2953:Sanskrit
2285:Example
1985:വ്യഞ്ജനം
1926:പഴയ ലിപി
1843:cemetery
1839:śmaśanam
1432:Sanskrit
1428:Malayali
1381:Sanskrit
1228:Sanskrit
1220:Malayali
1055:Tai Tham
982:Tagbanwa
967:Baybayin
898:Javanese
883:Balinese
849:Tai Viet
833:Thai Noi
783:Tigalari
711:Marchung
659:Pracalit
642:Bhujimol
637:Nepalese
618:Assamese
572:Gujarati
536:Mahajani
516:Gurmukhi
403:/ /
399:Help:IPA
251:Egyptian
209:Sanskrit
97:provide
16121:Writing
16083:Portals
15942:Chakara
15889:Ramanan
15776:Visappu
15762:Verukal
15741:Ummachu
15629:Othappu
14915:Shebaly
14149:Narayan
14049:Kovilan
13909:E. Vasu
13844:Ashitha
13073:Tibetan
13014:Burmese
13000:Amharic
12983:(India)
12960:Sinhala
12953:Punjabi
12932:Kannada
12880:Persian
12835:Russian
12775:Swedish
12753:Finnish
12728:Faroese
12703:Zambian
12675:Turkish
12660:Spanish
12583:Maltese
12561:Latvian
12554:Italian
12533:Iñupiaq
12512:Guarani
12472:English
12443:Catalan
12360:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
12355:Braille
12238:Kikakui
12176:Eskayan
12161:Cypriot
12011:Dunging
11883:Demotic
11862:Tenevil
11806:Hittite
11801:Elamite
11754:Jurchen
11733:Sawndip
11728:Chữ Nôm
11628:Zapotec
11623:Yerkish
11598:Nsibidi
11583:Miꞌkmaw
11573:Isotype
11543:Adinkra
11484:Braille
11468:Zaghawa
11438:Vellara
11418:Sunuwar
11408:Sidetic
11403:Shavian
11331:Osmanya
11321:Ol Onal
11175:Kurrent
11160:Insular
11150:Fraktur
11125:Klingon
11115:Kaddare
11089:Archaic
10998:Elbasan
10986:Chinook
10976:Deseret
10964:Bosnian
10919:Avoiuli
10907:Avestan
10897:Ariyaka
10826:Tengwar
10724:Bharati
10685:Serawai
10675:Pasemah
10660:Lampung
10615:Lai Tay
10600:Tai Noi
10563:Sinhala
10543:Pallava
10511:Makasar
10499:Lontara
10474:Kulitan
10447:Kannada
10442:Kadamba
10432:Hanunoo
10422:Grantha
10417:Fakkham
10334:Tibetan
10319:Soyombo
10314:Siddhaṃ
10309:Sharada
10285:Litumol
10275:Tirhuta
10265:Ranjana
10250:Kvemmol
10210:Multani
10195:Marchen
10160:Kalinga
10100:Brahmic
10037:Sogdian
9976:Psalter
9956:Pahlavi
9936:Mandaic
9914:Cursive
9899:Elymaic
9870:Aramaic
9592:Sources
9441:Unicode
9412:Unicode
9383:Unicode
9354:Unicode
8532:28 June
8088:English
7675:U+0D7x
7624:U+0D6x
7575:U+0D5x
7522:U+0D4x
7469:U+0D3x
7416:U+0D2x
7364:U+0D1x
7312:U+0D0x
7223:Unicode
7217:Unicode
7179:English
7094::
7070:elision
6927:10,099
6824:⁄
6813:⁄
6802:⁄
6416:digraph
6379:Digraph
6364:Ligated
5822:Ligated
5681:Ligated
5198: ്
5192: ു
5073: ്
4672:Letter
4647:visarga
4623:, or a
4609:Chillus
4476:
4455:
4428:/ra,ta/
4385:hard la
4251:
4230:
4209:
4188:
4158:
4137:
4116:
4095:
4074:
4045:soft na
3919:hard na
3769:/d͡ʒʱa/
3731:/t͡ʃʰa/
3623:
3602:
3525:). The
3425:visarga
3376: ഃ
3308:may be
3242: ം
3196:/kalam/
3165: ൗ
3134: ൌ
3089:
3084: ൈ
2914:
2909: ോ
2871:
2866: ൊ
2821:
2816: േ
2778:
2773: െ
2728:
2723: ൣ
2685:
2680: ൢ
2635:
2630: ൄ
2592:
2587: ൃ
2542:
2537: ൂ
2499:
2494: ു
2449:
2444: ീ
2406:
2401: ി
2356:
2351: ാ
2279:Example
2238:(IPA).
2187:Kēraḷam
2172:unicase
2009:phoneme
1833:ശ്മശാനം
1401:Malabar
1393:Malabar
1355:and in
1345:
1333::
1289:History
1259:abugida
1194:) is a
1110:Kannada
1100:Kadamba
1001:Burmese
987:Kulitan
977:Hanunoo
960:Serawai
950:Pasemah
935:Lampung
920:Makasar
915:Lontara
864:Lai Pao
859:Lai Tay
854:Dai Don
828:Fakkham
798:Sinhala
773:Grantha
763:Pallava
728:Kalinga
707:Marchen
695:Phagspa
668:Tibetan
652:Soyombo
647:Ranjana
625:Tirhuta
613:Bengali
557:Siddham
531:Multani
506:Sharada
391:in the
355:Unicode
266:Aramaic
221:Konkani
166:Abugida
119:to the
101:in the
60:.
15783:Yakshi
15699:Sarada
15454:Kaalam
15256:Novels
14733:Tholan
14219:Pamman
13493:Other
13366:People
13356:Braigo
13175:Korean
13043:Hebrew
12974:Telugu
12873:Arabic
12863:Arabic
12821:Kyrgyz
12814:Kazakh
12748:Danish
12646:Slovak
12639:Samoan
12618:Polish
12597:Navajo
12498:German
12491:French
12358:
12303:Yugtun
12293:Woleai
12243:Kpelle
12226:Sōgana
12146:Byblos
11924:Muisca
11842:Cretan
11811:Luwian
11769:Tangut
11588:Mixtec
11558:Dongba
11463:Yezidi
11453:Wancho
11428:Todhri
11381:Gothic
11361:Cipher
11302:Manchu
11292:Evenki
11277:Orkhon
11222:Manchu
11217:Lydian
11212:Lycian
11155:Gaelic
11105:Hanifi
11100:Hangul
11075:Gothic
11023:Fraser
11018:Fox II
10954:Coptic
10929:Carian
10912:Pazend
10885:Linear
10831:Thaana
10776:Sarati
10717:Others
10680:Rejang
10665:Lembak
10655:Incung
10635:Telugu
10590:Tai Le
10484:Langdi
10407:Chakma
10297:Karani
10270:Tamyig
10245:Kummol
10240:Himmol
10235:Golmol
10215:Nagari
10200:Meitei
10185:Lepcha
10170:Khojki
10155:Kaithi
10042:Syriac
10030:Musnad
9909:Ashuri
9904:Hebrew
9887:Elifba
9882:Arabic
9875:Hatran
9850:Abjads
9681:
9642:
9606:&
9578:
9551:
9505:(PDF).
9001:(PDF).
8900:
8835:
8755:
8695:. 2009
8689:Online
8584:, and
8557:
8251:Kerala
8247:Indian
8243:Kannur
8193:Kēraḷa
8119:stylus
8100:Kerala
8044:Hebrew
8032:Arabic
7974:) and
7856:chillu
7840:chillu
7830:vowel
7259:
7254:(PDF)
7144:verses
7012:മൂന്ന്
6947:൰൲൯൰൯
6582:കൢപ്തം
6547:= rja
6520:= rga
6332:
5774:
5764:, and
5545:
5298:virama
5242:virama
5137:), or
5119:Half-u
5113:halant
5108:virama
4861:ഒടുവിൽ
4807:, not
4665:Chillu
4655:chillu
4651:chillu
4639:virama
4621:chillu
4285:(sha)
4052:Labial
4014:/d̪ʱa/
3966:/t̪ʰa/
3926:Dental
3794:(nja)
3750:/d͡ʒa/
3712:/t͡ʃa/
3552:Voiced
3543:
3515:, but
3422:), or
3415:വിസർഗം
3187:/pau̯/
3156:/pau̯/
3104:/pai̯/
3041:
2957:Panini
2743:/plɨː/
2650:/prɨː/
2312:(none)
2268:Indep.
2249:
2217:Vowels
2070:/k/ +
2041:virama
2034:as an
1956:svaram
1946:Vowels
1893:ക്രു
1887:ക്രു
1807:->
1778:->
1749:->
1720:->
1600:, and
1496:, and
1480:It is
1405:Cochin
1379:, and
1359:. The
1357:Kerala
1309:, and
1283:Ravula
1281:, and
1275:Paniya
1204:Kerala
1122:Telugu
1041:Tai Le
1036:Khamti
1006:Chakma
955:Rejang
940:Lembak
930:Incung
720:Drusha
678:Lepcha
673:Meitei
589:Kaithi
562:Nagari
521:Khojki
407:
233:Ravula
225:Paniya
217:Jeseri
15851:Poems
15657:Ponni
15461:Kayar
15377:Barsa
15231:Novel
15216:Drama
15204:Genre
14436:Poets
14392:Uroob
14309:Sethu
13924:Gracy
13824:Anand
13209:(GS8)
13200:Kanji
13058:Khmer
13036:Greek
12967:Tamil
12900:i.e.
12861:i.e.
12842:Tatar
12788:i.e.
12689:Welsh
12590:Māori
12547:Irish
12465:Dutch
12458:Czech
12268:Nüshu
12136:Bamum
12131:Afaka
11938:Other
11929:Roman
11914:Abjad
11837:Bagam
11738:Bowen
11723:Kanji
11718:Hanja
11706:small
11701:large
11608:Olmec
11578:Kaidā
11568:Emoji
11548:Aztec
11351:Runic
11326:Osage
11307:Oirat
11252:Ogham
11185:Sigla
11130:Latin
11085:Greek
10969:Early
10939:Cirth
10892:Adlam
10761:Geʽez
10756:Fox I
10620:Tamil
10479:Lanna
10462:Khmer
10452:Karen
10402:Buhid
10382:Batak
10339:Uchen
10329:Takri
10280:Limbu
10180:Laṇḍā
10165:Khema
10145:Gupta
10135:Dogri
10052:Serṭā
10025:Zabur
10010:Punic
9983:Pegon
9919:Rashi
9833:Types
9784:Lists
9748:Types
9602:. In
9437:(PDF)
9408:(PDF)
9379:(PDF)
9350:(PDF)
9321:(PDF)
9262:(PDF)
9230:(PDF)
9199:(PDF)
9188:(PDF)
9066:(PDF)
9035:(PDF)
8869:(PDF)
8523:(PDF)
8462:(PDF)
8451:(PDF)
8426:(PDF)
8419:(PDF)
8152:Tirur
8090:) at
7821:അവന്
7817:avanŭ
7729:Notes
7229:Block
7129:Danda
7084:, or
6997:പത്ത്
6982:ആയിരം
6967:രണ്ട്
6576:कॢप्त
6541:+ ja
6514:+ ga
6457:ഹെൻറി
6451:എൻറോൾ
6357:റ്റ
6302:/nda/
5815:വ്വ
5674:മ്മ
5476:and C
4678:Base
4532:ൻ + റ
4521:/tːa/
4509:റ + റ
4131:/bʱa/
4089:/pʰa/
3990:/d̪a/
3942:/t̪a/
3888:/ɖʱa/
3840:/ʈʰa/
3658:/ɡʱa/
3617:/kʰa/
3580:Velar
3573:Nasal
3535:Varga
3527:ISCII
3505:puram
3401:/pah/
3265:/pam/
3127:/au̯/
3077:/ai̯/
2929:/poː/
2836:/peː/
2716:/lɨː/
2700:/plɨ/
2623:/rɨː/
2607:/prɨ/
2557:/puː/
2464:/piː/
2371:/paː/
2257:Long
2253:Short
2181:കേരളം
2032:]
2028:[
2026:, or
2024:]
2020:[
1951:സ്വരം
1615:, or
1457:Tamil
1299:Tamil
1251:Udupi
1208:India
972:Buhid
888:Batak
805:Khmer
768:Tamil
690:Khema
683:Limbu
603:Gaudi
548:Dogri
543:Takri
511:Landa
501:Gupta
395:(IPA)
347:(347)
81:DeepL
15531:Maya
12981:Urdu
12946:Odia
12887:Urdu
12263:Loma
12258:Lisu
12201:Kana
12191:Iban
12181:Geba
12141:Bété
12096:si5s
12006:Khom
11979:Full
11852:Maya
11247:N'Ko
10806:Miao
10751:Dham
10670:Ogan
10640:Thai
10558:Shan
10494:Leke
10457:Kawi
10412:Cham
10397:Buda
10372:Ahom
10292:Odia
10205:Modi
9961:Book
9679:ISBN
9640:ISBN
9576:ISBN
9549:ISBN
9528:2009
9497:2009
9475:2020
9449:2024
9420:2024
9391:2024
9362:2024
9333:2009
9273:2009
9241:2009
9207:2010
9113:2009
9078:2009
9046:2009
8986:2009
8947:2009
8898:ISBN
8877:2009
8833:ISBN
8782:2009
8753:ISBN
8731:2009
8701:2009
8652:2009
8623:2009
8555:ISBN
8534:2018
8502:2009
8470:2022
8434:2020
8387:2009
8358:2009
8257:and
8229:coin
8142:The
8121:and
8082:and
8018:The
7826:avan
7761:avan
7030:൨൲൰൩
6795:1000
6649:and
6599:and
6478:ṟaṟa
6473:ററ
6372:റ്റ
6354:ന്റ
6271:and
5836:വ്വ
5812:യ്യ
5809:ബ്ബ
5806:ച്ച
5749:ന്പ
5728:മ്മ
5671:മ്പ
5668:പ്പ
5665:ന്ന
5662:ന്ത
5659:ത്ത
5656:ണ്ണ
5653:ണ്ട
5650:ട്ട
5647:ഞ്ഞ
5644:ഞ്ച
5641:ച്ച
5638:ങ്ങ
5635:ങ്ക
5632:ക്ക
5503:ന്മ
5467:; or
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