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44:
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One then ignites the tobacco and inhales to create a body of smoke inside the pipe, before exhaling the smoke, reversing the process of air in the pipe by blowing into it to pop out the tobacco. The smoker then sharply inhales, usually tilting the pipe upwards to an almost horizontal position (but
435:
which requires a warm climate), it was more readily and cheaply available, and did not depend on transport in a country with an underdeveloped road network and climatic portage problems. This remained the case until ordinary tobacco became widely available in the 20th century. During
619:
Water pipes can be found everywhere, and are a fixture of local tea booths, eateries, and cafes. It is common to find a table with a small box of tobacco at these establishments from which anyone can help themselves to a bowl during a tea or work break.
615:
There are many "brands" of tobacco, most of which are specific to the region in which they are grown. Some of these "brands" are mellow in flavor and effect, some are more energizing, and some are known for their relaxing properties.
1037:
Laszlo, Csaba; Kaminski, Kacper; Guan, Haifeng; Fatarova, Maria; Wei, Jianbing; Bergounioux, Alexandre; Schlage, Walter K.; Schorderet-Weber, Sandra; Guy, Philippe A.; Ivanov, Nikolai V.; Lamottke, Kai; Hoeng, Julia (2022).
1264:
Idris, A. M; Ibrahim, S. O; Vasstrand, E. N; Johannessen, A. C; Lillehaug, J. R; Magnusson, B; Wallström, M; Hirsch, J. -M; Nilsen, R (1 November 1998). "The
Swedish Snus and the Sudanese Toombak: are they different?".
988:
Stanfill, Stephen B.; Oliveira da Silva, André Luiz; Lisko, Joseph G.; Lawler, Tameka S.; Kuklenyik, Peter; Tyx, Robert E.; Peuchen, Elizabeth H.; Richter, Patricia; Watson, Clifford H. (August 2015).
612:
inducing strong dizziness that lasts several seconds. Heavy cigarette smokers have had trouble with the intense volume of smoke and the high nicotine content; side effects include nausea and vomiting.
990:"Comprehensive chemical characterization of Rapé tobacco products: Nicotine, un-ionized nicotine, tobacco-specific N′-nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavor constituents"
790:
820:
341:
into the stomach. In Peru its known as "Mapacho" and smoked in pipes, the juice is also drunk for its hallucinogenic effects. The plant is also smoked in
623:
The main difference between smoking thuốc lào and the use of other tobaccos is in the method of consumption, in that thuốc lào is consumed with a
1664:
1726:
1040:"Fractionation and Extraction Optimization of Potentially Valuable Compounds and Their Profiling in Six Varieties of Two Nicotiana Species"
448:. In modern times, makhorka is still sometimes smoked by peasants and farmers due to its high availability and being almost free for them.
1824:
1612:
957:
1229:
Idris, A.M.; Prokopczyk, B.; Hoffmann, D. (November 1994). "Toombak: A Major Risk Factor for Cancer of the Oral Cavity in Sudan".
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894:
885:
1749:
914:
657:
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1199:
1139:
1803:
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1933:
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1132:
Food of the Gods: The Search for the
Original Tree of Knowledge - A Radical History of Plants, Drugs, and Human Evolution
1573:
545:
1928:
1913:
948:
571:
505:
553:
487:
1349:
643:. The pipe is filled with an appropriate amount of water and a small amount of thuốc lào is pressed into the bowl.
43:
1731:
1651:
1090:
1754:
549:
472:
1842:
1713:
890:
1604:
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in
Vietnam, and is most commonly smoked after a meal on a full stomach to "aid indigestion", or along with
444:
of agriculture. In those times, dozens of varieties were bred, some of them considered equal in quality to
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768:
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Specht, Alexandre; de Paula-Moraes, Silvana V.; Sosa-Gómez, Daniel R. (2015). "Host plants of
838:
802:
173:
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1374:
Gibson, Shelby D.; Halvorson, Kennedy S.; Myers, Lisa; Colla, Sheila R. (22 December 2022).
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1547:
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1323:
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665:
479:
8:
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727:. It is recognized as a drug by anti-drug activists. It can contribute to mouth cancers.
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239:
1376:"Insect visitation and pollination of a culturally significant plant, Hopi tobacco (
1115:
Ley, Willy (December 1965). "The
Healthfull Aromatick Herbe". For Your Information.
261:, and it has a wide variety of uses specific to cultures around the world. However,
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Oscar
Janiger and Marlene Dobkin de Rios (1976). "Nicotiana an hallucinogen?".
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81:
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427:(маxорка). Historically, makhorka was smoked mainly by the lower classes.
1700:
1638:
1500:
1460:
322:
1767:
1154:
751:, it is processed in the loose form and the ground powder is mixed with
639:. It may also occasionally be smoked in a more uncommon pipe known as a
306:, because of its high nicotine content and comparatively high levels of
1617:
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378:
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140:
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715:. They use this by putting the mixture under their lips like Swedish
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490:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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and a host of other herbs, depending on the intended use, including
269:, (except in small quantities by certain Native American tribes) as
1445:
704:
703:, Turkey and other areas of the country. Maraş Otu is a mixture of
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is a hardy plant and can be grown in most of Russia (as opposed to
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228:
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107:
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is allowed to soak or be infused in water, and the water is then
314:
224:
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1309:
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632:
408:
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712:
627:. The smoker is presented with either a bamboo pipe called a
395:
386:
346:
342:
321:. There are many methods of administration in South American
68:
755:. As such, it has a very strong pH and is highly addictive.
717:
624:
1036:
680:
not completely, as the water would drain into the mouth).
1373:
257:
of nicotine in its leaves makes it useful for producing
1228:
929:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
247:
leaves have a nicotine content as high as 9%, whereas
604:). A "rít" of thuốc lào is followed by a flood of
1890:
1314:(Walker) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Plusiinae)".
747:). It has been used for over 400 years. Being
983:
981:
349:, and made into a lickable product known as
552:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
913:
739:, this type of tobacco is called toombak (
588:A man smoking thuốc lào with a bamboo pipe
42:
1411:
1286:
1192:Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems
1065:
1055:
1013:
978:
572:Learn how and when to remove this message
506:Learn how and when to remove this message
1108:
958:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
656:
645:
631:(English: "farmer's pipe") or a ceramic
583:
325:preparations. In a preparation known as
1189:
1088:
895:United States Department of Agriculture
886:Germplasm Resources Information Network
600:or local beer (most commonly the cheap
295:in South America. It is often used for
253:leaves contain about 1 to 3%. The high
14:
1891:
1427:
1426:
941:
927:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
243:(common tobacco). More specifically,
1742:9a72c89e-d059-44c1-8960-df245e321ae8
947:
699:commonly used by people who live in
550:adding citations to reliable sources
517:
455:
1114:
744:
227:, containing up to nine times more
24:
766:serves as a larval host plant for
440:, rustic tobacco was an important
223:. It is a very potent variety of
25:
1950:
1316:Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
1194:. Birkhauser Verlag. p. 11.
1091:"Is Nicotine A Useful Pesticide?"
1843:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:817055-1
522:
460:
365:product usually used as a nasal
283:
55:
1367:
1342:
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1089:Higgins, Maria (Nov 4, 2010).
1082:
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907:
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13:
1:
1279:10.1016/S1368-8375(98)00047-5
1134:. Bantam. 1992. p. 196.
891:Agricultural Research Service
863:
1909:Herbal and fungal stimulants
1354:www.illinoiswildflowers.info
994:Food and Chemical Toxicology
7:
1939:Crops originating from Peru
1934:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
691:(English: Maraş weed) is a
486:the claims made and adding
265:is no longer cultivated in
10:
1955:
1404:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105613
758:
451:
373:is often a combination of
357:is a common ingredient in
1435:
1336:10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.002
1057:10.3390/molecules27228105
1006:10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.016
815:Lasioglossum michiganense
791:Lasioglossum perpunctatum
683:
414:
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
1929:Plants described in 1753
1914:Plant toxin insecticides
730:
778:. Known pollinators of
775:Phthorimaea operculella
278:
231:than common species of
1312:Chrysodeixis includens
1243:10.1006/pmed.1994.1141
1117:Galaxy Science Fiction
769:Chrysodeixis includens
676:
654:
589:
1130:"Shamanic Tobaccos".
839:Lasioglossum oblongum
803:Lasioglossum tegulare
660:
649:
587:
821:Lasioglossum versans
785:Augochlorella aurata
592:The plant is called
546:improve this section
215:plant in the family
203:, commonly known as
1396:2022iSci...25j5613G
1350:"Nicotiana rustica"
1328:2015RvBrE..59..343S
1231:Preventive Medicine
1190:Wilbert, J (1991).
845:Halictus rubicundus
1169:10.1007/bf02909739
1095:Stanford Chemicals
857:Sphecodes heraclei
753:sodium bicarbonate
677:
670:Thanh Hóa province
655:
590:
471:possibly contains
1924:Ayahuasca analogs
1886:
1885:
1794:Nicotiana rustica
1776:Open Tree of Life
1467:Nicotiana rustica
1437:Nicotiana rustica
1429:Taxon identifiers
1378:Nicotiana rustica
1201:978-3-0348-7459-5
1141:978-0-553-37130-7
1119:. pp. 88–98.
921:Nicotiana rustica
879:Nicotiana rustica
851:Megachile frigida
780:Nicotiana rustica
764:Nicotiana rustica
749:smokeless tobacco
709:Nicotiana rustica
697:Nicotiana rustica
662:Nicotiana rustica
652:Nicotiana rustica
582:
581:
574:
516:
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473:original research
363:smokeless tobacco
312:harmala alkaloids
289:Nicotiana rustica
275:has replaced it.
240:Nicotiana tabacum
200:Nicotiana rustica
196:
195:
183:Nicotiana rustica
36:Nicotiana rustica
16:(Redirected from
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960:. Archived from
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833:Halictus ligatus
797:Bombus impatiens
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1322:(4): 343–345.
1302:
1273:(6): 558–566.
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1237:(6): 832–839.
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1163:(3): 295–297.
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967:on 2015-06-26
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531:This section
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485:
481:
475:
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469:This section
467:
458:
457:
449:
447:
446:N. virginiana
443:
439:
434:
433:N. virginiana
430:
426:
422:
412:
410:
406:
402:
401:Anadenanthera
398:
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294:
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284:South America
276:
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267:North America
264:
260:
256:
255:concentration
252:
251:
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236:
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230:
226:
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221:South America
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:Aztec tobacco
202:
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184:
178:
175:
174:Binomial name
171:
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82:Tracheophytes
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1357:. Retrieved
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1216:"Uyuşturucu"
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1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:
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1050:(22): 8105.
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969:. Retrieved
962:the original
949:
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926:
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544:Please help
532:
502:
496:October 2023
493:
470:
445:
438:Soviet times
432:
428:
424:
420:
418:
411:, and more.
405:Erythroxylum
394:
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299:purposes by
292:
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35:
29:
1817:kew-2382315
1701:NatureServe
1639:iNaturalist
1461:Wikispecies
695:variant of
666:Quảng Xương
610:bloodstream
562:August 2011
419:In Russia,
379:tonka beans
353:. Finally,
339:insufflated
297:entheogenic
95:Angiosperms
1899:Entheogens
1893:Categories
1860:WisFlora:
1812:Plant List
1359:7 February
971:2014-10-17
915:USDA, NRCS
900:2008-03-17
864:References
721:or Afghan
668:district,
650:Flowering
625:water pipe
480:improve it
429:N. rustica
423:is called
421:N. rustica
375:N. rustica
355:N. rustica
345:, used in
335:N. rustica
319:norharmane
291:is called
272:N. tabacum
263:N. rustica
259:pesticides
250:N. tabacum
245:N. rustica
219:native to
217:Solanaceae
213:rainforest
141:Solanaceae
1904:Nicotiana
1605:200020549
1592:200020549
1288:1956/2153
1044:Molecules
1000:: 50–58.
782:include:
689:Maraş otu
664:field in
635:called a
598:green tea
594:Thuốc lào
533:does not
484:verifying
234:Nicotiana
159:Species:
152:Nicotiana
131:Solanales
65:Kingdom:
1850:VASCAN:
1706:2.130851
1670:10953696
1657:817055-1
1498:BioLib:
1446:Wikidata
1384:iScience
1076:36432206
1024:25934468
917:(n.d.).
707:ash and
705:Oak tree
641:điếu ống
637:điếu bát
629:điếu cày
606:nicotine
425:makhorka
391:alkaline
383:cinnamon
237:such as
229:nicotine
137:Family:
121:Asterids
108:Eudicots
18:Makhorka
1919:Tobacco
1618:2928775
1535:Ecocrop
1452:Q602633
1413:9709227
1392:Bibcode
1324:Bibcode
1297:9930371
1251:7855117
1100:Sep 22,
1067:9694777
1015:5704902
933:20 July
759:Ecology
745:توومباك
693:chewing
674:Vietnam
608:to the
602:bia hơi
554:removed
539:sources
478:Please
452:Vietnam
327:singado
315:harmane
304:shamans
293:mapacho
225:tobacco
211:, is a
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1825:PLANTS
1781:222777
1739:NZOR:
1644:165707
1631:300393
1579:184935
1553:579533
1514:438617
1491:241502
1478:119731
1475:APDB:
1410:
1390:(12).
1295:
1249:
1198:
1177:774652
1175:
1138:
1074:
1064:
1022:
1012:
854:, and
741:Arabic
724:naswar
684:Turkey
633:hookah
415:Russia
409:Virola
389:buds,
347:enemas
343:cigars
1863:13165
1801:PFI:
1750:NZPCN
1683:30566
1665:IRMNG
1574:EUNIS
1566:NIORU
1527:47D6X
1501:40780
1173:S2CID
965:(xls)
954:(xls)
737:Sudan
731:Sudan
713:henna
701:Maraş
396:nu-nu
387:clove
367:snuff
351:ambil
331:singa
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1853:9360
1838:POWO
1830:NIRU
1804:8530
1789:PfaF
1768:7092
1755:3187
1732:4093
1727:NCBI
1693:2701
1678:ITIS
1652:IPNI
1626:GRIN
1613:GBIF
1561:EPPO
1540:7978
1509:BOLD
1486:APNI
1361:2024
1293:PMID
1247:PMID
1196:ISBN
1136:ISBN
1102:2024
1072:PMID
1020:PMID
935:2015
772:and
718:snus
537:any
535:cite
371:Rapé
361:, a
359:rapé
317:and
279:Uses
1871:WFO
1714:NBN
1600:FoC
1587:FNA
1548:EoL
1522:CoL
1408:PMC
1400:doi
1332:doi
1283:hdl
1275:doi
1239:doi
1165:doi
1062:PMC
1052:doi
1010:PMC
1002:doi
735:In
548:by
482:by
399:),
329:or
207:or
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