316:, or deposits or causes to be deposited any matter or thing to be sent or delivered by any private or commercial interstate carrier, or takes or receives therefrom, any such matter or thing, or knowingly causes to be delivered by mail or such carrier according to the direction thereon, or at the place at which it is directed to be delivered by the person to whom it is addressed, any such matter or thing, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. If the violation occurs in relation to, or involving any benefit authorized, transported, transmitted, transferred, disbursed, or paid in connection with, a Presidential declared major disaster or emergency (as those terms are defined in section 102 of the
408:
foreign commerce, any writings, signs, signals, pictures, or sounds for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. If the violation occurs in relation to, or involving any benefit authorized, transported, transmitted, transferred, disbursed, or paid in connection with, a presidentially declared major disaster or emergency (as those terms are defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5122 )), or affects a financial institution, such person shall be fined not more than $ 1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.
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543:(1970) involves Regent which was a company that sold orders over a telephone. Regent representatives would exaggerate their office products over the phone. The United States government charged the company with wire fraud. The company's salesmen were accused of making "false pretenses" over the phone. The
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to encompass "everything designed to defraud by representations as to the past or present, or suggestions and promises as to the future." Lower courts have progressively expanded this ruling, finding that the law "puts its imprimatur on the accepted moral standards and condemns conduct which fails to
311:
or spurious coin, obligation, security, or other article, or anything represented to be or intimated or held out to be such counterfeit or spurious article, for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice or attempting so to do, places in any post office or authorized depository for mail matter,
412:
Briefly, anyone trying to defraud other people or groups through any form of telecommunication, or through writing, signs, pictures or sounds can be punished with a maximum prison sentence of 20 years. If the fraud involves a financial institution, the maximum fine is raised to 1 million US dollars
607:
Martin McGee, also known as "The Top Sleuth" or "Mr. Mail Fraud", led his department in exposing and prosecuting numerous mail fraud swindles such as land sales, phony advertising practices, insurance rip-offs, and fraudulent charitable organizations that used the mail to facilitate their illegal
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Whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, transmits or causes to be transmitted by means of wire, radio, or television communication in interstate or
324:
Thus, anyone trying to defraud another individual or group through items of value, e.g., money, through the US mail system or a private mail delivery service and those knowingly participating in that fraud will be punished with a fine and/or prison sentence that cannot be longer than 20 years.
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to narrow the scope of the mail and wire fraud statutes, ruling that the statute pertained only to schemes to defraud victims of tangible property, including money. In 1988, Congress enacted a new law that specifically criminalized schemes to defraud victims of "the intangible right of honest
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Whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, or to sell, dispose of, loan, exchange, alter, give away, distribute, supply, or furnish or procure for
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has power to regulate) and does require that the mailing cross at least one state line into another state; wire fraud has been expanded by
Congress to include foreign wire communication or interstate connections via (e.g.) an e-mail server or telephone switch or radio communication.
568:(2016), female nightclub employees would pose as tourists, engage with potential customers, and lure them into nightclubs owned by Takhalov. The employees would express romantic interest in the customers and not reveal that they were club employees. The
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512:) which must originate in one state, and successfully terminate pursuant to the address label inside another state, a transportation that is termed "interstate" (over which
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However, for such acts during a
Presidential declared major disaster or emergency, the prison sentence can be as long as 30 years and the fine as great as $ 1,000,000.
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For the purposes of this chapter, the term "scheme or artifice to defraud" includes a scheme or artifice to deprive another of the intangible right of honest services.
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320:(42 U.S.C. 5122)), or affects a financial institution, such person shall be fined not more than $ 1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.
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531:(1987), the Supreme Court held that 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 1343 did not reach honest services fraud. Congress responded by passing 18 U.S.C. § 1346. In
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match the 'reflection of moral uprightness, of fundamental honesty, fair play and right dealing in the general and business life of members of society
86:
625:". As interpreted, these requirements are not difficult to meet; the Justice Department claims to defer federal prosecution for petty local fraud.
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ruled that
Takhalov deceived their customers, but this deception didn't amount to defrauding the customers under the Wire Fraud statute.
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are a 20th-century example of mail fraud. Ponzi was charged with the U.S. federal crime of mail fraud.
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The scope of 18 U.S.C. §1341 and 18 U.S.C. §1343 is broad. These statutes have been held by the
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Mail fraud applies only to United States domestic mailings and use of interstate carriers (
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ruled that the "repugnant" conduct of the company did not amount to criminality.
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are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical (e.g., the
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537:(2010), the Court construed § 1346 to apply only to bribes and kickbacks.
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Mail and Wire Fraud: An
Abbreviated Overview of Federal Criminal Law
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provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
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Robert T. Stafford
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
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Federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States
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Wire fraud was first defined in the United States in 1952.
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Mail fraud was first defined in the United States in 1872.
237:) or electronic (e.g., a phone, a telegram, a fax, or the
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In 1987, the
Supreme Court of the United States ruled in
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There are many types of mail fraud schemes, including
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by adding general information and discuss at the
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United States Court of
Appeals for the Second Circuit
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and prison sentence not more than 30 years, or both.
1061:, 380 F.2d 665 (5th Cir. 1967).
336:under Article I, Section 8 of the US Constitution.
312:any matter or thing to be sent or delivered by the
1765:United States v. Sun-Diamond Growers of California
1642:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
1097:is available for free viewing and download at the
482:There are three elements to mail and wire fraud:
2074:
1094:All the King's Men: Picking Up the Pieces (2006)
882:. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service
1077:, The Federal Mail Fraud Statute (Part I), 18
2088:United States federal public corruption crime
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1120:
1011:
774:"18 U.S. Code § 1341 - Frauds and swindles"
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1599:
1585:
1127:
1113:
987:"United States Postal Inspection Service"
541:United States v. Regent Office Supply Co.
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
105:Learn how and when to remove this message
334:enumerated power to create a post office
191:of all important aspects of the article.
1014:"Martin McGee, former postal inspector"
869:
598:United States Postal Inspection Service
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187:Please consider expanding the lead to
1976:Congressional insider trading scandal
1580:
1108:
875:
575:
132:one specialized aspect of the subject
87:providing more context for the reader
993:from the original on August 20, 2013
876:Doyle, Charles (February 11, 2019).
856:
854:
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357:
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20:
1016:. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from
635:services" (honest services fraud).
16:Federal crimes in the United States
13:
1875:Unincorporated territory officials
1134:
416:
14:
2104:
1898:Alaska political corruption probe
1085:
1047: (U.S. Supreme Ct. 1896).
1012:Shu Shin Luh (January 17, 2000).
930:"949. PROOF OF FRAUDULENT INTENT"
849:
797:
778:LII / Legal Information Institute
36:This article has multiple issues.
1652:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
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179:may be too short to adequately
44:or discuss these issues on the
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603:In the 1960s and 1970s, Chief
189:provide an accessible overview
1:
1647:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1068:
586:fraud against older Americans
353:
252:
130:This article focuses only on
1933:Operation Mississippi Hustle
486:A mail or wire communication
7:
969:"United States v. Takhalov"
680:Taylor, Bean & Whitaker
638:
520:
477:
340:International reply coupons
10:
2109:
1816:Ciminelli v. United States
1800:McDonnell v. United States
1747:McCormick v. United States
1721:United States v. Helstoski
645:China Medical Technologies
455:
342:mailed by participants of
2049:
1981:Congressional Post Office
1966:
1958:Operation Tennessee Waltz
1883:
1850:
1840:Kousisis v. United States
1784:Skilling v. United States
1715:United States v. Brewster
1709:United States v. Nardello
1673:United States v. Germaine
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1614:
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1444:
1408:
1311:
1285:
1143:
916:Skilling v. United States
655:List of confidence tricks
566:United States v. Takhalov
551:Lustiger v. United States
534:Skilling v. United States
2093:Organized crime activity
2057:Public Integrity Section
1824:Percoco v. United States
1771:Fischer v. United States
1759:Salinas v. United States
1740:McNally v. United States
1727:United States v. Gillock
1702:United States v. Johnson
1688:Glasser v. United States
1058:Blachly v. United States
1040:Durland v. United States
919:, 30 S. Ct. 2896 (2010).
902:McNally v. United States
691:
631:McNally v. United States
611:
528:McNally v. United States
2062:Speech or Debate Clause
1953:Operation Silver Shovel
1832:Snyder v. United States
1792:Ocasio v. United States
1733:Dixson v. United States
1680:Burton v. United States
660:Making false statements
1938:Operation Plunder Dome
1808:Kelly v. United States
1777:Sabri v. United States
1753:Evans v. United States
905:, 483 U.S. 350 (1987).
475:
410:
322:
245:another, and are U.S.
1913:Operation Board Games
1695:United States v. Hood
1626:honest services fraud
1200:Intellectual property
934:Department of Justice
471:
458:Honest services fraud
405:
304:
2041:William J. Jefferson
1045:161 U.S. 306
936:. February 19, 2015.
804:Smithsonian Magazine
650:Email authentication
330:federal jurisdiction
138:improve this article
2083:Mail and wire fraud
2001:James A. Kelly, Jr.
1948:Operation Rocky Top
1622:Mail and wire fraud
800:"In Ponzi We Trust"
594:telemarketing fraud
584:, financial fraud,
235:U.S. Postal Service
83:improve the article
1991:Jack Abramoff CNMI
1943:Operation Pretense
1923:Operation Greylord
1543:White-collar crime
1409:Government-related
588:, sweepstakes and
576:Mail fraud schemes
493:to defraud someone
436:. You can help by
373:. You can help by
328:In mail fraud, US
272:. You can help by
2070:
2069:
2016:Oregon land fraud
1928:Operation G-Sting
1918:Operation Boptrot
1908:Operation Bid Rig
1860:Federal officials
1574:
1573:
1312:Financial-related
738:. Thomson Reuters
712:. Thomson Reuters
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307:unlawful use any
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241:) mail system to
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1020:on June 10, 2014
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553:, 386 F.2d 132 (
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344:Charles Ponzi
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1694:
1686:
1683:(1905, 1906)
1678:
1672:
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1498:
1324:lottery scam
1257:Tech support
1247:Racketeering
1093:
1079:Duq. L. Rev.
1057:
1052:
1039:
1034:
1024:November 19,
1022:. Retrieved
1018:the original
1007:
995:. Retrieved
981:
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951:. Retrieved
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884:. Retrieved
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835:
819:
807:. Retrieved
803:
793:
781:. Retrieved
777:
768:
752:
740:. Retrieved
735:
732:"Wire Fraud"
726:
714:. Retrieved
709:
706:"Mail Fraud"
700:
675:Sholam Weiss
670:Ponzi scheme
629:
627:
615:
608:activities.
602:
579:
570:11th Circuit
565:
563:
550:
549:
540:
539:
532:
526:
524:
503:
481:
472:
461:
442:
438:adding to it
433:
411:
406:
395:
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375:adding to it
370:
338:
327:
323:
305:
294:
291:
278:
274:adding to it
269:
230:
226:
225:
210:
194:
178:
176:lead section
147:
136:Please help
131:
101:
92:
81:Please help
76:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
2031:Teapot Dome
1852:Convictions
1474:Faked death
1467:Superdollar
1445:Other types
1385:Overpayment
1351:Credit card
1319:Advance-fee
1230:Health care
1081:771 (1980).
865:§ 1343
844:§ 1346
828:§ 1343
761:§ 1341
467:§ 1346
401:§ 1343
309:counterfeit
300:§ 1341
197:August 2024
2077:Categories
1986:Cunningham
1666:Precedents
1637:Travel Act
1528:Scientific
1390:Securities
1375:Mismarking
1341:Chargeback
1336:Bankruptcy
1180:Employment
1161:Disability
1069:References
686:Travel Act
469:provides:
445:April 2019
403:provides:
382:April 2019
354:Wire fraud
302:provides:
281:April 2019
253:Mail fraud
231:wire fraud
227:Mail fraud
150:April 2019
95:April 2019
41:improve it
2006:Koreagate
1632:Hobbs Act
1421:Electoral
1365:Insurance
1303:Paternity
1293:Fertility
1235:fertility
1215:Long firm
1135:Types of
973:Case Text
886:March 26,
742:April 14,
716:April 14,
600:website.
500:deception
181:summarize
142:talk page
47:talk page
1968:Scandals
1615:Statutes
1566:Category
1452:Affinity
1426:Medicare
1380:Mortgage
1298:Marriage
1262:Slamming
1240:quackery
1220:Odometer
1205:Internet
1156:Cramming
991:Archived
809:June 26,
783:June 26,
639:See also
555:9th Cir.
521:Case law
514:Congress
498:material
478:Elements
239:Internet
2036:Wedtech
1903:BRISPEC
1533:Spyware
1516:Romance
1479:Forgery
1457:Charity
1436:Welfare
1416:Benefit
1370:Lottery
1355:carding
1151:Billing
953:May 16,
736:Findlaw
710:Findlaw
559:puffery
243:defraud
2050:Topics
1893:Abscam
1843:(2025)
1835:(2024)
1827:(2023)
1819:(2023)
1811:(2020)
1803:(2016)
1795:(2016)
1787:(2010)
1779:(2004)
1773:(2000)
1767:(1999)
1761:(1997)
1755:(1992)
1749:(1991)
1743:(1987)
1735:(1984)
1729:(1980)
1723:(1979)
1717:(1972)
1711:(1969)
1705:(1966)
1697:(1952)
1691:(1942)
1675:(1879)
1346:Cheque
1272:Weight
1252:Return
1190:Fixing
1043:,
863:
842:
826:
759:
592:, and
491:intent
465:
399:
348:scheme
298:
1538:Vomit
1521:Bride
1360:Forex
1225:Phone
1175:Email
1137:fraud
692:Notes
612:Scope
510:FedEx
1556:list
1511:Scam
1489:Hoax
1431:Visa
1353:and
1331:Bank
1277:Wine
1185:Food
1166:Drug
1026:2012
999:2013
955:2022
888:2019
811:2023
785:2023
744:2019
718:2019
229:and
2011:MBM
1400:Tax
1210:Job
564:In
525:In
506:UPS
440:.
377:.
346:'s
276:.
85:by
2079::
1168:/
989:.
971:.
932:.
851:^
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496:a
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
