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the government. The most important strike took place in Solo. Plantation workers protested the government in response to the deteriorating condition of the economy after an economic blockade by the Dutch and the government's failure to eliminate feudalism and to stop the "speculative operation of the black market." The strike at the
Delanggu cotton-growing area was organized by SABUPRI (the union of communist-oriented plantation workers), and around 20,000 workers went on strike for around 35 days. The government accused the FDR and SABUPRI leaders of endangering the Republic by organizing the strike. They responded to the accusation by saying that it was the government that endangered the Republic with its ineffective and incorrect economic policies. The FDR and SOBSI leaders wanted better implementation of the existing regulations and agrarian reforms from the government. The strike came to an end on 18 July 1948, when the government was willing to accept the workers' demand for two-meter-long textiles and rice to be given every month in addition to their salary.
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2027:, and they promised to settle the mess within two weeks. Hatta insisted to curb the rebellion and seize Madiun as soon as possible before the Dutch started to intervene. The government started the anti-Communist purge from Jogjakarta and Solo. On September 30, the government sent Lieutenant Colonel Sadikin, of the Siliwangi Division brigade, to mobilize his troops and to control Madiun. To avoid conflicts with the Indonesian Armed Forces, FDR/PKI leaders began to retreat to mountainous areas. Under the command of Sjarifuddin, they fled Madiun and headed to the small village of Kandangan, where they could find munitions and arms (a store built up when Sjarifuddin was the Prime Minister and Minister of Defense). To their surprise, the village was already occupied by the battalion of the Sungkono Division led by Major Sabarudin.
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overthrow the government of the
Republic of Indonesia and that Musso had formed a Soviet government. He also stated that Indonesians had to choose between him and Hatta and Musso and his communist party. Sukarno was followed by Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, who had a very strong influence on Javanese society. In his speech, he asked people to help Sukarno and Hatta, and TP gave them a full mandate to crush the communist movement. At 11.30 pm the same day, Musso replied to Sukarno and declared war against the Indonesian government. He tried to convince Indonesian people that Sukarno and Hatta were the slaves of American Imperialism, "traitors," and "Romusha dealers." There was mounting tension between the Sukarno-Hatta and FDR leaders.
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one of the causes of political instability in Solo which was the base of the
Senopati Division. FDR's power started to diminish after several cases of murdering and kidnapping of "leftist officers." Kreutzer provides examples of kidnapping and murdering cases in weeks before the Madiun Affair: "On September 1, two members of Solo's PKI were kidnapped and later interrogated about the activities and organization of PKI in Solo. On the same day, however, members of Pesindo kidnapped some pro-government leaders. They were accused of kidnapping PKI members. Six days later, on September 7, almost all officers and several lower-ranking soldiers of Commander Yadau's
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involvement in the Madiun Affair, he managed to deceive them with a false identity. He was released on July 30, 1949 but was arrested again on
October 29 for his identity fraud case. The Dutch kept investigating and on November 11 revealed Sumarsono's identity and his involvement in the Madiun Affair. The Dutch authorities decided to execute him in New Guinea. Before that happened, however, Sumarsono escaped from prison on December 13. He fled to North Sumatera and lived there as a teacher. He was arrested again during anti-communist campaign launched by the Indonesian government under Suharto in 1965.
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goal of controlling the natural resources. On
September 17, the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs stated that communist expansion in Indonesia was the main obstacle to the Western powers acquiring resources. The Dutch wanted the US to believe that Indonesia was the bulwark of communists. The US, however, decided to "include Hatta and his association in one international anti-communist front to be established in East and Southeast Asia" to challenge the Soviets. The Dutch failed to restore its control over Indonesia by bringing Indonesian leaders and American representatives into conflict.
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1954:(TLRI, Republican Navy) were kidnapped and brought to a base of Siliwangi Division, a pro-government military unit. On September 9, Suadi, Sutarto's successor as Commander of the Senopati Division, obtained official approval from Indonesian Army Commander Sudirman to investigate the murder and kidnapping of people in Yogyakarta and Solo. But shortly after the investigation had started, several officers, who were given orders to interrogate the suspects, were kidnapped, too. On September 13 in Blitar, south of Malang, government units arrested several Pesindo members."
1821:(FDR; People's Democratic Front); led by Amir Sjarifuddin, it comprised the Partai Sosialis, PKI, PBI, Pesindo, and the trade union federation SOBSI. Some weeks after the meeting, the FDR program was radically changed to include (1) opposition to the Renville Agreement, (2) discontinuation of negotiations with the Dutch, and (3) nationalization of all foreign enterprises. Its strong opposition against Hatta's cabinet was clear from the first objective of the program. Hatta's cabinet's main goal was to implement the Renville Agreement, but the FDR's was to reject it.
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in 1947. He was also given a mandate to contact the Soviet Union. In
January 1948, he met a Soviet ambassador and discussed the future consular relationship between the Soviet Union and Indonesia. The Soviet government finally took the initiative by informing Suripno that the Consular Treaty had been rectified. Instead of accepting the treaty, Hatta's government decided to suspend the bilateral relationship. Suripno was then asked to return to Indonesia. On August 11, 1948, Suripno arrived at Jogjakarta with his "secretary", who turned out to be
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an attempt to correct the government's policy, which "led the revolution in a different direction." He was followed by
Sumarsono, the original leader of the revolt, who made a similar public announcement that the Madiun event was not a coup but an attempt to correct the political aims of Hatta's government. In his attempt to convince the government, Amir Sjarifuddin stated on September 23 that FDR's constitution was that of the Republic of Indonesia, its flag remained red and white, and its national anthem was still
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1865:, one of the principal bases of FDR's strength, was demobilized. Western-oriented and pro-government military officers wanted a smaller, more disciplined, and more trustworthy army under their leadership. They viewed TNI masjarakat as a less well-trained and -educated military organization that was strongly associated with communist organizations. The government wanted the Army to be led by professional officers who had undergone serious military training. Two pro-government military organizations, West Java
1850:
objective of the rationalization was to reorganize the military organizations and mobilize a productive labor force from defense to production sectors. According to Hatta, there were three ways to achieve those objectives: 1) demobilizing military officers who wanted to return to their previous jobs (teachers, private employees), 2) sending the military officers back to the
Ministry of Development and youth, and 3) demobilizing hundreds of military officers to return to their village communities.
1937:
Ling Djie, Harjono, Setiadjit, Djoko Sujono, Aidit, Wikana, Suripno, Amir
Sjarifuddin, and Alimin), with Musso serving as the chairman. The reappointments were made on legitimate grounds by FDR/PKI's enemies to launch an "anti-PKI campaign." The government prepared strategies to "eliminate the Communists." One of the government's biggest accusations was that Musso promoted "the Republic's involvement in a Soviet-American conflict." The unification of those political forces was a fatal mistake.
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Maruto
Darusman were arrested. Sjarifuddin faced the same fate when he was captured on 4 December. Three days later, on December 7, 1948, "TNI headquarters announced the final extermination of the rebellion and stated that approximately 35,000 people, mostly troops, had been arrested. On December 19, Sjarifuddin, Maruto Darusman, Djoko Sujono, Suripno and other FDR leaders were executed. Estimated casualties were 24,000 in total (8,000 in Madiun, 4,000 in Cepu and 12,000 in
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1789:. The latter group grew as Sjarifudin put a strong emphasis on its alignment with the Soviet Union and class welfare. Sjahrir believed that the Marxist doctrine of class welfare could not be applied in the Indonesian community as there was no such Indonesian bourgeoisie and that Indonesia should maintain a "positive neutrality" so that Indonesia could contribute to world peace. The party completely split soon after the establishment of Hatta's presidential cabinet.
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disappointed with Hatta's rationalization and protested against the program on May 20, 1948. Hatta's decision to incorporate Division IV into Division I would place Colonel Sutarto in a reserve officer position. Sutarto and his soldiers ignored the instruction and began to reorganize their division. They transformed Division IV into a "battle-ready military unit" which gained support from the majority of Solo's population and FDR followers. They named the unit
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Dutch). In addition, there were at least 200,000 excess troops but an inadequate number of arms and munitions for them. To anticipate the critical problems (economic, military, and political) emerging from that situation, Hatta and his cabinet immediately decided to embark upon a rationalization program. At the initial stage of reorganization, there were 160,000 troops left. This program was expected to leave only 57,000 regular troops at the end.
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support (both right-wing and left-wing), Hatta offered Sjarifuddin's faction some posts in the cabinet. They declined Hatta's offer and demanded key positions, including Sjarifuddin's position as Minister of Defense (in the previous cabinet, Sjarifuddin had been both Prime Minister and Minister of Defense) in return for their support for Hatta's government. Negotiation failed, and on January 31, 1948, Hatta finally formed a cabinet without the
1797:(left-wing) parties. Two members of Partai Sosialis, however, were included in the cabinet by the strong request of Sjahrir. He and the two cabinet members were expelled from the Partai Sosialis and formed their party called Partai Sosialis Indonesia (PSI, the Socialist Party of Indonesia). "This new party immediately gave its support to Hatta's government." Hatta's program of government was based on two priorities: the implementation of the
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seize the local government officers, telephone exchange, and army headquarters, with Sumarsono and Djoko Sujono as the leaders of the operation. The brief fighting ended with two loyal officers being killed and four wounded. Within hours, Madiun was under the FDR's control. Two FDR members, Setiadjit and Wikana, took over the civil administration and established the
2031:
1829:; Indonesian National Army). The loyal military officers were often the ones who knew the location of numerous arms and munitions kept in the mountainous areas in anticipation of further Dutch military action. Even more important was the strong position that Sjarifuddin had built himself within the army's supplementary organization, the TNI
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the FDR was still chaotic even after the unification of several political forces. For instance, some members of the PKI and the Partai Sosialis in Bojonegoro opposed the decision made during the meeting on August 26 and 27, 1948. As a new structure, the FDR was technically not strong enough to confront any challenges from the outside.
1813:(without Sjahrir's faction) gradually went into opposition. In the beginning, it tried to get a place in the government by showing a willingness to cooperate. However, its attempt failed when it faced the bitter reality that there were no faction members included in the cabinet. At a mass meeting at Surakarta on February 26, the
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Some FDR leaders decided to be independent from Musso. On September 20, 1948, they declared their willingness to reconcile with the Indonesian government. In the evening, Colonel Djoko Sujono, Military Commandant in the Madiun, broadcasts over the radio that what happened in Madiun was not a coup but
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Alarmed by what happened in Solo, local FDR leaders in Madiun began to feel uneasy and reported that to FDR leaders in Kediri, more than 35 miles east of Madiun. He received an order to disarm the agitators in Madiun to avoid possible bloodshed in the area. At 3 am on September 18, 1948, FDR began to
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On October 28, the government arrested 1,500 men of the last rebel military unit. Musso was shot dead three days later when he hid in a restroom and refused to surrender. His body was brought to Ponorogo, set on display for public view, and set ablaze. A month later, on November 29, Djoko Sujono and
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There were small clashes involving pro-Hatta military groups on the one side and pro-FDR armed groups on the other. After the murder of Colonel Sutarto, political development in Solo became more intense. The coming of the Siliwangi Division, which was "loyal to government and anti-leftist," was also
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Disappointed by Hatta's rationalization, the FDR/PKI began to seek support from farmers and laborers by advocating land reform and organizing labor strikes. One of the FDR/PKI's principal bases of strength was SOBSI. Heavily dominated by communists, SOBSI organized several strikes to protest against
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In addition, the FDR had a dominant position within SOBSI (Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia), by far the largest labor organization in Indonesia. The membership of that organization was mainly urban and plantation labor with the Republic and was estimated to be between 200,000 and 300,000.
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Hatta repeatedly refused the Consular Treaty because he was inclined to seek assistance from US power. On July 21, Sukarno, Hatta, the Minister for the Interior, the Minister for Information, and the US representative had a meeting at a hotel in Sarangan, Madiun. The Dutch and the US had the common
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The Madiun Affair should be placed in an international context in which two superpower countries played a role in the Indonesian government. Suripno was a young communist who became the representative of the Republic of Indonesia at the Congress of the World Federation of Democratic Youth in Prague
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The FDR leaders made propaganda tours through Central and East Java. Its main purpose was to promote Musso's political ideas. Other PKI leaders remained in Jogjakarta to try to negotiate with PNI and Masjumi leaders to form a new cabinet, which would include FDR's representatives. The situation in
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Musso's return was a turning point of the FDR's political journey. During the party conference on August 26 and 27, 1948, it adopted a new political line and established a new body that consisted of left-wing parties. Members of this new political bureau were the FDR leaders (Maruto Darusman, Tan
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In 1948, the Indonesian Republic faced a critical situation in which there was an excessive labor supply because of the enormous number of refugees fleeing to the Republic from the areas overrun by the Dutch such as Surabaya (located adjacent to Madiun, Surabaya was then still controlled by the
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Sjarifuddin's premiership ended on January 28, 1948. Sjahrir, Dr. Leimena, and several political activists had earlier approached Hatta and requested him to become the next prime minister. Hatta agreed if he got the PNI's and Masjumi's support. Driven by the need to form a cabinet with national
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After hearing about what had happened on September 18, Musso and Sjarifuddin returned to Madiun. They immediately discussed the situation with Sumarsono, Setiadjit, and Wikana upon their arrival. At 10 pm on 19 September 1948, President Sukarno declared that the Madiun revolt was an attempt to
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Solo was now dominated by the pro-government rightists, which made Madiun the FDR's last important stronghold since Yogyakarta and Solo were controlled by the Indonesian Republic, and Surabaya was under Dutch control. However, anti-communist groups and the pro-Hatta government had already been
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From the Indonesian government's perspective, rationalization was the solution to the economic problem by reducing the number of military forces. A month after the establishment of his cabinet, Hatta began the rationalization program based on Presidential Decree No.9 27 February 1948. The main
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officially invited Musso to his presidential palace in Jogjakarta. According to a journalist report, the meeting was very emotional. They embraced each other, and their eyes were filled with tears. Musso was Sukarno's political senior, and both were good friends when they resided in Surabaya.
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The FDR was not the only group that opposed Hatta's rationalization. Among the military units that began to oppose the Hatta government was Division IV, better known as Divisi Senopati, which was stationed in Solo and placed under the command of Colonel Sutarto. Like FDR, Division IV was also
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Most of FDR leaders were detained and executed, Sumarsono managed to escape. He fled Madiun and headed north into Dutch territory. He was finally arrested by Dutch troops because of his illegal possession of gold and treasury. Although initially the Dutch authorities were suspicious of his
1824:
The FDR had two principal bases of strength: within the army and among labor. In his capacity of Minister of Defense from July 3, 1947, to January 28, 1948, Sjarifuddin had "managed to build up a strong personal opposition within the army." He secured officers' loyalty in the army, the TNI
1912:, a senior Indonesian communist leader. When asked to give an official report to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Haji Agus Salim, Suripno praised the Soviets for their political stance, which had always acknowledged Indonesia as a sovereign state.
1837:, led by Colonel Djoko Sujono, was a local-based military organization. It was obvious that during his premiership, Sjarifuddin had managed to build strong national and local military organizations, which were prepared to confront the Dutch.
1833:(People's TNI). Established in early August 1947 (when Sjarifuddin was the Prime Minister), the organization was aimed at organizing popular defense on a local basis to support the army. While the TNI was a national organization, the TNI
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On September 16, Pesindo's headquarters was attacked. Solo, the second city of the Republic after Jogjakarta, became the scene of a complex conflict between the government and leftist groups during the first two weeks of September.
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government in January 1948 was the origin of the Madiun Affair. Before then, during the second half of 1947, Partai Sosialis was split into two factions: one faction was led by Sjarifuddin, and a smaller faction was led by
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meant the influence of FDR in the government was getting weaker and this deepened the FDR's resentment against the government. From the FDR's perspective, rationalization was an attempt to destroy FDR's power.
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The Indonesian government seemed to ignore some FDR leaders' attempt to end the conflict. They used the small revolt to "crack down the Indonesian left." The military operation was led by Colonel
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1987:(Government of the National Front of the Region of Madiun). Sumarsono then announced on the local radio, "From Madiun victory begins."
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3007:"Remembering and forgetting Indonesia's Madiun Affair: personal narratives, political transitions, and historiography, 1948–2008"
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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Conflict between the Indonesian government and the leftist opposition group led by the PKI in 1948
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Opinions regarding the trigger of the conflict vary. According to Kreutzer, the downfall of
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2015:(wearing glasses) was among those captured and executed for their parts in the rebellion.
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Two men with rope around their necks are handcuffed by TNI officers in September 1948 in
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Explaining Collective Violence in Contemporary Indonesia: From Conflict to Cooperation
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Explaining Collective Violence in Contemporary Indonesia: From Conflict to Cooperation
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The downfall of the Sjarifuddin Cabinet and the formation of the Hatta Cabinet
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Group of handcuffed men being detained by the TNI, Madiun, September 1948
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Hatta's rationalization program and impact on FDR's military strength
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The Madiun Affair: Hatta's Betrayal of Indonesia's First Revolution
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Poeze, Harry A. (2009). "The Cold War in Indonesia, 1948".
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Republic of Indonesia and the left-wing opposition group
2122:"84 Korban Pemberontakan PKI 1948 di Madiun dan Magetan"
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Peristiwa Coup Berdarah P.K.I. September 1948 di Madiun
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1743:), was an armed conflict between the government of the
2972:(Special Issue 3: Asian Cold War Symposium): 497–517.
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after being shot while fleeing on October 31, 1948 in
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3918:War crimes in the Indonesian National Revolution
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1920:Return of Musso and reorganization of the FDR
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3185:Indonesian National Armed Forces
3122:
3005:Sugiyama, Akiko (October 2011).
2082:
2068:
1673:
683:
368:
357:
346:
339:
329:
322:
312:
300:
289:
278:
267:
256:
245:
196:
168:
111:September 18 – December 19, 1948
23:
2894:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2831:
2819:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2705:
2678:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2535:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2436:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2247:
1952:Tentara Laut Republik Indonesia
3893:Indonesian National Revolution
3819:The Year of Living Dangerously
3205:Kalimantan Physical Revolution
3085:Indonesian National Revolution
2235:
2223:
2211:
2184:
2172:
2145:
2114:
2103:Indonesian killings of 1965–66
1753:Indonesian National Revolution
1386:French and British interregnum
433:Indonesian National Revolution
87:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
3104:Indonesian National Awakening
3043:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2909:
2874:Tadjoeddin, Z. (2014-05-07).
2152:Tadjoeddin, Z. (2014-05-07).
1888:Battle-Division Duke Senopati
1770:
3898:Communist Party of Indonesia
3563:Socialist Party of Indonesia
3558:Communist Party of Indonesia
3114:Proclamation of Independence
2921:. Cornell University Press.
2002:
1731:Communist Party of Indonesia
1274:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
394:24,000–35,000 Rebel captured
7:
2061:
781:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
10:
3949:
3593:South Seas Communist Party
3498:Action of 13 December 1964
1827:Tentara National Indonesia
1455:United States of Indonesia
1292:Chinese Kongsi federations
3849:
3803:
3747:
3711:
3606:
3550:
3470:
3449:
3437:
3334:
3177:
3164:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
3131:
3120:
3091:
3031:10.5728/indonesia.92.0019
3023:10.5728/indonesia.92.0019
3000:. Yayasan Bentang Budaya.
2978:10.1017/S002246340999004X
2940:. James Cook University.
1965:
1857:On May 15, 1948, the TNI
1606:Javanese historical texts
441:
380:
238:
204:People's Democratic Front
160:
149:People's Democratic Front
103:
92:
84:
79:
3933:Anti-communist terrorism
2108:
1728:), known locally as the
1366:Dutch East India Company
1007:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
608:Yogyakarta and Surakarta
3734:Malayan Communist Party
3719:Communist International
3503:Battle of Sungei Koemba
3282:South Sulawesi campaign
3267:East Sumatra revolution
2936:Kreutzer, Rudi (1981).
3928:Massacres in Indonesia
3878:Communism in Indonesia
3812:Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI
3430:Communism in Indonesia
3190:Royal Netherlands Army
2917:Kahin, George (1970).
2046:
2016:
1979:
1819:Front Demokrasi Rakjat
1749:Front Demokrasi Rakyat
1740:
1725:
1417:Emergence of Indonesia
239:Commanders and leaders
45:by rewriting it in an
3923:Indonesian war crimes
3826:Puisi Tak Terkuburkan
3724:Brunei People's Party
3533:30 September Movement
3144:Linggadjati Agreement
2098:30 September Movement
2033:
2010:
1973:
1472:Republic of Indonesia
1338:European colonization
1237:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
381:Casualties and losses
3883:Communist rebellions
3780:Communism in Sumatra
3729:Kesatuan Melayu Muda
3488:Battle of Long Jawai
3342:Abdul Haris Nasution
3292:Dutch police actions
1871:Corps Polisi Militer
1680:Indonesia portal
1301:Heshun Confederation
1217:Yogyakarta Sultanate
1147:Kalinyamat Sultanate
1117:Sultanate of Jailolo
1087:Sultanate of Ternate
800:Tarumanagara Kingdom
144:Rebellion suppressed
140:Indonesian victory
3908:Cold War rebellions
3840:The Look of Silence
3528:Three Souths Affair
3277:Battle of Margarana
3272:Bandung Sea of Fire
3149:Denpasar Conference
1445:National Revolution
1435:Japanese occupation
1321:Santiaogou Republic
1187:Palembang Sultanate
1107:Sultanate of Tidore
977:Peureulak Sultanate
910:Dharmasraya Kingdom
3833:The Act of Killing
3804:In popular culture
3688:Marco Kartodikromo
3357:Raymond Westerling
3324:Siege of Surakarta
3247:Battle of Surabaya
3242:Battle of Ambarawa
3237:Battle of Semarang
3227:Battle of Kotabaru
3159:Renville Agreement
3132:Diplomatic efforts
2568:, pp. 207–208
2544:, pp. 205–206
2385:, pp. 194–195
2349:, pp. 260–261
2232:, pp. 231–232
2047:
2017:
1980:
1867:Siliwangi Division
1799:Renville Agreement
1782:Amir Sjarifuddin's
1524:1998–present
1425:National Awakening
1255:Christian kingdoms
1221:1755–present
1211:1745–present
1207:Surakarta Sunanate
1177:Kingdom of Kaimana
1131:1526–present
1097:Sultanate of Bacan
1017:Pagaruyung Kingdom
958:Islamic sultanates
850:Shailendra Dynasty
47:encyclopedic style
34:is written like a
3913:Conflicts in 1948
3903:1948 in Indonesia
3865:
3864:
3795:Japanese Red Army
3546:
3545:
3457:Malayan Emergency
3395:
3394:
3347:Hubertus van Mook
3297:Operation Product
3262:Lengkong incident
3139:Malino Conference
3099:Dutch East Indies
2959:. Inkopak-Hazera.
1733:rebellion of 1948
1714:
1713:
1528:
1527:
1480:Liberal democracy
1463:
1462:
1408:
1407:
1396:Dutch East Indies
1329:
1328:
1282:
1281:
1264:Larantuka Kingdom
1245:
1244:
1157:Mataram Sultanate
1057:Cirebon Sultanate
1037:Malacca Sultanate
997:Ternate Sultanate
948:
947:
930:Singhasari Empire
924:1000s–1300s
890:Kahuripan Kingdom
771:
770:
656:
655:
398:
397:
156:
155:
75:
74:
67:
3940:
3859:
3858:Communism portal
3855:
3683:Kamaruzaman Sjam
3648:Amir Sjarifuddin
3628:Siauw Giok Tjhan
3610:
3518:Operation Claret
3513:Battle of Babang
3508:Battle of Kindau
3493:Landing at Labis
3447:
3446:
3441:
3431:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3126:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3001:
2989:
2960:
2955:Pinardi (1966).
2951:
2932:
2904:
2903:, pp. 39–40
2898:
2892:
2891:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2828:, pp. 36–37
2823:
2817:
2811:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2730:
2724:
2715:
2714:, pp. 29–30
2709:
2703:
2697:
2688:
2687:, pp. 27–30
2682:
2676:
2670:
2661:
2655:
2644:
2643:, pp. 25–26
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2607:, pp. 20–21
2602:
2596:
2590:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2532:, pp. 15–16
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2092:
2090:Indonesia portal
2087:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2076:Communism portal
2073:
2072:
2071:
2013:Amir Sjarifuddin
1805:Formation of FDR
1726:Peristiwa Madiun
1706:
1699:
1692:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1490:Guided Democracy
1476:
1475:
1421:
1420:
1342:
1341:
1311:Lanfang Republic
1297:
1296:
1260:
1259:
1181:1600s–1926
1171:1528s–1877
1137:Banjar Sultanate
1127:Banten Sultanate
1111:1500s–1967
1027:Brunei Sultanate
963:
962:
940:Majapahit Empire
840:Srivijaya Empire
820:Kalingga Kingdom
786:
785:
753:Toba catastrophe
736:94,000–12,000 BP
707:
706:
687:
677:
659:
658:
436:
434:
424:
417:
410:
401:
400:
373:
372:
371:
362:
361:
360:
351:
350:
349:
343:
336:Amir Sjarifuddin
334:
333:
332:
326:
317:
316:
315:
305:
304:
294:
293:
283:
282:
272:
271:
261:
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173:
172:
105:
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27:
26:
19:
3948:
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3857:
3845:
3799:
3743:
3707:
3608:
3602:
3542:
3466:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3396:
3391:
3330:
3302:Operation Kraai
3252:Kolaka incident
3232:Battle of Medan
3215:Battle of Kumai
3173:
3127:
3118:
3087:
3082:
3052:
3036:
3035:
2948:
2929:
2912:
2907:
2901:Sugiyama (2011)
2899:
2895:
2888:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2838:Kreutzer (1981)
2836:
2832:
2826:Kreutzer (1981)
2824:
2820:
2812:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2785:Kreutzer (1981)
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2761:Kreutzer (1981)
2759:
2752:
2744:
2733:
2727:Kreutzer (1981)
2725:
2718:
2712:Kreutzer (1981)
2710:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2685:Kreutzer (1981)
2683:
2679:
2671:
2664:
2658:Kreutzer (1981)
2656:
2647:
2641:Kreutzer (1981)
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2605:Kreutzer (1981)
2603:
2599:
2591:
2584:
2578:Kreutzer (1981)
2576:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2530:Kreutzer (1981)
2528:
2524:
2518:Kreutzer (1981)
2516:
2512:
2506:Kreutzer (1981)
2504:
2500:
2494:Sugiyama (2011)
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2458:Kreutzer (1981)
2456:
2449:
2443:Kreutzer (1981)
2441:
2437:
2431:Kreutzer (1981)
2429:
2425:
2419:Kreutzer (1981)
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2305:Kreutzer (1981)
2303:
2299:
2293:Kreutzer (1981)
2291:
2287:
2281:Kreutzer (1981)
2279:
2275:
2267:
2260:
2254:Kreutzer (1981)
2252:
2248:
2242:Sugiyama (2011)
2240:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2197:
2191:Kreutzer (1981)
2189:
2185:
2179:Sugiyama (2011)
2177:
2173:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2005:
1968:
1943:
1922:
1905:
1896:
1894:Delanggu strike
1847:
1807:
1778:
1773:
1745:self-proclaimed
1710:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1540:
1530:
1529:
1514:1967–1998
1504:1966–1967
1494:1959–1966
1484:1950–1959
1473:
1465:
1464:
1459:1949–1950
1449:1945–1949
1439:1942–1945
1429:1908–1942
1418:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1403:1945–1949
1402:
1401:1800–1942
1390:1806–1816
1380:1685–1824
1370:1602–1799
1360:1521–1677
1350:1512–1850
1339:
1331:
1330:
1325:1777–1853
1315:1777–1884
1305:1776–1854
1294:
1284:
1283:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1241:1824–1911
1231:1814–1946
1201:1725–1946
1191:1659–1823
1167:Johor Sultanate
1161:1586–1755
1151:1527–1599
1141:1526–1863
1121:1496–1903
1101:1515–1946
1091:1486–1914
1081:1496–1903
1071:1475–1554
1067:Demak Sultanate
1061:1445–1677
1051:1405–1851
1041:1400–1511
1031:1368–1888
1021:1347–1833
1011:1267–1521
1001:1257–1914
991:1225–1613
967:Spread of Islam
960:
950:
949:
944:1293–1527
934:1222–1292
914:1183–1347
904:1045–1221
894:1019–1045
860:Mataram Kingdom
783:
773:
772:
704:
675:
668:
657:
652:
498:West Kalimantan
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43:help improve it
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3751:
3749:
3748:Related topics
3745:
3744:
3742:
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3721:
3715:
3713:
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3706:
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3625:
3620:
3618:Henk Sneevliet
3614:
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3402:
3393:
3392:
3390:
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3354:
3352:Mohammad Hatta
3349:
3344:
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3331:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3311:
3306:
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3289:
3287:3 March affair
3284:
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3259:
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3218:
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3212:
3210:Dayak Desa War
3202:
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3179:
3178:Armed conflict
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2447:
2435:
2433:, pp. 8–9
2423:
2411:
2399:
2387:
2375:
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2351:
2336:
2321:
2317:Pinardi (1966)
2309:
2307:, pp. 6–7
2297:
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2195:
2183:
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2144:
2140:Pinardi (1966)
2127:
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2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2063:
2060:
2021:Gatot Soebroto
2004:
2001:
1997:Indonesia Raya
1967:
1964:
1942:
1941:Towards revolt
1939:
1924:The return of
1921:
1918:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1846:
1843:
1806:
1803:
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1258:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1227:Deli Sultanate
1223:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1197:Siak Sultanate
1193:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:Aceh Sultanate
1073:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1047:Sulu Sultanate
1043:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1002:
999:
993:
992:
989:
983:
982:
981:840–1292
979:
973:
972:
971:800–1600
969:
961:
956:
955:
952:
951:
946:
945:
942:
936:
935:
932:
926:
925:
922:
920:Pannai Kingdom
916:
915:
912:
906:
905:
902:
900:Kediri Kingdom
896:
895:
892:
886:
885:
884:932–1579
882:
876:
875:
874:914–1908
872:
866:
865:
864:716–1016
862:
856:
855:
852:
846:
845:
842:
836:
835:
832:
830:Melayu Kingdom
826:
825:
822:
816:
815:
812:
806:
805:
802:
796:
795:
792:
784:
779:
778:
775:
774:
769:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
749:
748:
746:
738:
737:
734:
728:
727:
724:
718:
717:
715:
705:
700:
699:
696:
695:
689:
688:
680:
679:
670:
669:
662:
654:
653:
651:
650:
645:
640:
623:
622:
621:
620:
615:
599:
598:
597:
596:
584:
579:
574:
573:
572:
560:
547:
546:
544:South Sulawesi
541:
536:
529:
524:
519:
508:
507:
506:
505:
500:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
464:
463:
458:
442:
439:
438:
427:
426:
419:
412:
404:
396:
395:
392:unknown killed
390:
383:
382:
378:
377:
309:
285:Gatot Soebroto
263:Mohammad Hatta
241:
240:
236:
235:
234:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
192:
191:
190:
185:
163:
162:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
151:
145:
137:
133:
132:
119:
117:
113:
112:
109:
101:
100:
90:
89:
82:
81:
73:
72:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3945:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Brunei Revolt
3788:
3786:
3785:Domino theory
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:Organisations
3549:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Battle of Bau
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:Madiun Affair
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:and incidents
3442:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Sutan Sjahrir
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:Madiun Affair
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Cumbok affair
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3046:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3017:(92): 19–42.
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2947:0-86443-027-2
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2928:0-8014-9108-8
2924:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2887:9781137270641
2883:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2864:, p. 259
2863:
2858:
2852:, p. 250
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2816:, p. 299
2815:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2799:, p. 298
2798:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2775:, p. 239
2774:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2748:, p. 291
2747:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2702:, p. 230
2701:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2675:, p. 515
2674:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2631:, p. 211
2630:
2625:
2619:, p. 516
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2595:, p. 209
2594:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2556:, p. 207
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2484:, p. 198
2483:
2478:
2472:, p. 196
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2409:, p. 194
2408:
2403:
2397:, p. 262
2396:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2373:, p. 193
2372:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2334:, p. 260
2333:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2271:, p. 259
2270:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2208:, p. 258
2207:
2202:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2165:9781137270641
2161:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2142:, p. 153
2141:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2080:
2077:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1972:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1787:Sutan Sjahrir
1783:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:Madiun Affair
1707:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
990:
988:
985:
984:
980:
978:
975:
974:
970:
968:
965:
964:
959:
954:
953:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
921:
918:
917:
913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
901:
898:
897:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
881:
880:Sunda Kingdom
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:Kutai Kingdom
788:
787:
782:
777:
776:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
745:
744:
740:
739:
735:
733:
730:
729:
725:
723:
720:
719:
716:
714:
713:
709:
708:
703:
698:
697:
694:
691:
690:
686:
682:
681:
678:
672:
671:
666:
661:
660:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
637:
633:
632:
631:
630:
629:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
605:
604:
603:
595:
592:
591:
590:
589:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
571:
568:
567:
566:
565:
561:
559:
558:
554:
553:
552:
551:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
513:
512:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
451:
447:
446:
445:
440:
435:
425:
420:
418:
413:
411:
406:
405:
402:
391:
388:
385:
384:
379:
376:
365:
354:
342:
337:
325:
320:
310:
308:
303:
297:
292:
286:
281:
275:
270:
264:
259:
253:
248:
243:
242:
237:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
193:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
171:
165:
164:
159:
150:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
135:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
114:
110:
107:
106:
102:
96:
91:
88:
83:
80:Madiun Affair
78:
69:
66:
58:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3658:M. H. Lukman
3483:Limbang raid
3477:
3308:
3039:cite journal
3014:
3010:
2997:
2994:Soe, Hok Gie
2969:
2965:
2956:
2937:
2918:
2896:
2880:. Springer.
2876:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2840:, p. 37
2833:
2821:
2814:Kahin (1970)
2797:Kahin (1970)
2792:
2787:, p. 36
2780:
2768:
2763:, p. 34
2746:Kahin (1970)
2729:, p. 31
2707:
2680:
2673:Poeze (2009)
2660:, p. 27
2636:
2624:
2617:Poeze (2009)
2612:
2600:
2580:, p. 17
2573:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2520:, p. 16
2513:
2508:, p. 15
2501:
2496:, p. 33
2489:
2477:
2465:
2460:, p. 10
2438:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2395:Kahin (1970)
2390:
2378:
2366:
2361:, p. 94
2354:
2347:Kahin (1970)
2332:Kahin (1970)
2319:, p. 29
2312:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2269:Kahin (1970)
2249:
2244:, p. 32
2237:
2230:Kahin (1970)
2225:
2213:
2206:Kahin (1970)
2186:
2181:, p. 20
2174:
2158:. Springer.
2154:
2147:
2116:
2056:
2048:
2034:The body of
2018:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1923:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1794:
1791:
1779:
1748:
1729:
1717:
1715:
1662:
1621:Christianity
870:Bali Kingdom
763:Buni culture
741:
726:1,000,000 BP
710:
635:
625:
624:
601:
600:
586:
562:
555:
549:
548:
531:
522:East Sumatra
510:
509:
448:
443:
386:
364:M. H. Lukman
202:
194:
174:
166:
161:Belligerents
147:Collapse of
139:
85:Part of the
61:
52:
33:
3712:Affiliation
3693:Bakri Wahab
3653:D. N. Aidit
3573:Acoma Party
3568:Murba Party
3362:Simon Spoor
3335:Key figures
3200:Darul Islam
2445:, p. 9
2421:, p. 8
2295:, p. 6
2283:, p. 3
2256:, p. 5
2193:, p. 1
1978:, Indonesia
1859:Masjarakat,
1586:Archaeology
1581:Agriculture
987:Aru Kingdom
712:Paleolithic
674:History of
638:coup d'Ă©tat
353:D. N. Aidit
3872:Categories
3770:Marhaenism
3623:Tan Malaka
3609:Key people
3387:Tan Malaka
2910:References
2862:Soe (1997)
2850:Soe (1997)
2773:Soe (1997)
2700:Soe (1997)
2629:Soe (1997)
2593:Soe (1997)
2566:Soe (1997)
2554:Soe (1997)
2542:Soe (1997)
2482:Soe (1997)
2470:Soe (1997)
2407:Soe (1997)
2383:Soe (1997)
2371:Soe (1997)
2359:Soe (1997)
2218:Soe (1997)
2011:Former PM
1875:masjarakat
1835:Masjarakat
1831:Masjarakat
1815:Sajap Kiri
1811:Sajap Kiri
1795:Sajap Kiri
1771:Background
1737:Indonesian
1722:Indonesian
1643:Mass media
1520:Reform era
1500:Transition
1346:Portuguese
732:Flores Man
702:Prehistory
613:Yogyakarta
55:March 2018
3673:Samikidin
3471:Incidents
3049:On Jstor.
3011:Indonesia
2986:145172141
2044:East Java
2003:Aftermath
1761:East Java
1601:Education
1510:New Order
1278:1670–1950
1268:1515–1904
854:600s–900s
844:600s–1025
834:600s–1347
824:500s–600s
814:400s-500s
804:400s–500s
757:75,000 BP
743:Neolithic
676:Indonesia
618:Surakarta
577:Mergosono
550:1947–1948
539:Margarana
176:Indonesia
129:East Java
3698:Sudisman
3578:Sarbupri
3367:Sudirman
2996:(1997).
2062:See also
2052:Ponorogo
2040:Ponorogo
2025:Nasution
1869:and the
1767:forces.
1648:Military
1626:Hinduism
1616:Buddhism
1611:Religion
1591:Currency
1574:By topic
794:350–1605
722:Java Man
693:Timeline
665:a series
663:Part of
643:Makassar
570:Rawagede
517:Lengkong
478:Surabaya
473:Ambarawa
461:Semarang
456:Kotabaru
296:Nasution
274:Sudirman
116:Location
3765:Nasakom
3638:Sukarno
3633:Darsono
3372:Sukarno
3222:Bersiap
3092:Prelude
1930:Sukarno
1636:Judaism
1596:Economy
1561:Bandung
1546:Jakarta
1538:Regions
1376:British
1356:Spanish
810:Kantoli
767:400 BCE
564:Product
557:3 March
527:Bandung
450:Bersiap
307:Suharto
252:Sukarno
231:Pesindo
125:Magetan
41:Please
3888:Madiun
3760:CONEFO
3703:Wikana
3678:Semaun
3643:Alimin
3382:Sutomo
3029:
2984:
2944:
2925:
2884:
2162:
1976:Madiun
1966:Revolt
1863:laskar
1757:Madiun
667:on the
594:Rengat
582:Madiun
533:3 July
493:Borneo
488:Cumbok
483:Kolaka
338:
321:
136:Status
121:Madiun
3668:Njoto
3663:Musso
3027:JSTOR
2982:S2CID
2109:Notes
2036:Musso
1926:Musso
1910:Musso
1658:Women
1653:Sport
1631:Islam
1556:Bogor
648:Ambon
626:Post-
588:Kraai
503:Kumai
468:Medan
375:Njoto
319:Musso
226:SOBSI
188:POLRI
3450:Wars
3440:Wars
3045:link
2942:ISBN
2923:ISBN
2882:ISBN
2160:ISBN
2023:and
1809:The
1716:The
1551:Bali
636:APRA
602:1949
511:1946
444:1945
123:and
108:Date
3019:doi
2974:doi
1861:or
1765:TNI
628:RTC
221:PBI
211:PKI
183:TNI
3874::
3041:}}
3037:{{
3025:.
3015:92
3013:.
3009:.
2980:.
2970:40
2968:.
2804:^
2753:^
2734:^
2719:^
2692:^
2665:^
2648:^
2585:^
2450:^
2339:^
2324:^
2261:^
2198:^
2130:^
2042:,
1999:.
1759:,
1739::
1724::
216:PS
127:,
3421:e
3414:t
3407:v
3077:e
3070:t
3063:v
3047:)
3033:.
3021::
2988:.
2976::
2950:.
2931:.
2890:.
2168:.
2124:.
1886:(
1825:(
1735:(
1720:(
1705:e
1698:t
1691:v
423:e
416:t
409:v
68:)
62:(
57:)
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49:.
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