414:, Jeanne's everyday routine began at 9.a.m, when Zamor would bring her a morning cup of chocolate. She would select a gown and jewellery and be dressed, then her hairdresser Berline (or Nokelle for special occasions) would come to do her powder and curls. She would then receive friends, as well as tradesmen such as dressmakers, jewellers, and artists offering her their finest stock. She was extravagant, but good natured. When the old Comte and Comtesse de Lousene were forcibly evicted from their château for heavy debts, they were sentenced to death because the comtesse had shot dead a bailiff and a police officer while resisting. When Madame de Béarn told Jeanne of their situation, she begged the king to pardon them, refusing to rise from her knees until he agreed. Louis XV was moved: "Madame, I am delighted that the first favour you should ask of me should be an act of mercy!" Jeanne was visited by a Monsieur Mandeville who asked a pardon for a young girl condemned to the
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1231:, p. 16. Jeanne was a talented courtesan, as sometimes " du Barry regretted when necessity forced him to merchandise what he would willingly have kept for himself". She is referred to many times in books as a courtesan, which in common language means a high-class prostitute (though by no means should one think that she was a common soliciting streetwalker).
733:. Jeanne furiously complained to the king, who then complained to the Austrian ambassador Mercy, who in turn did his best to appease Marie Antoinette. Eventually, during a ball on New Year's Day 1772, Marie Antoinette spoke indirectly to Jeanne, casually observing; "There are many people at Versailles today", giving her the option to respond or not.
594:, whom she met when he moved with his family to the neighborhood of the Château. In time, Seymour became fed up with his secret love affair and sent a painting to Jeanne with the words 'leave me alone' written in English at the bottom, which the painter Lemoyne copied in 1796. The Duc de Brissac proved the more faithful in this
709:. Jeanne had been the king's mistress for little over a year, and many thought she would not be included at the occasion. It ended up being otherwise, to the disgust of most of those present. Marie Antoinette noticed Jeanne, who stood out from the crowd with her extravagant appearance and a high voice. The
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Jeanne was installed above the king's quarters in Lebel's former rooms. She lived a lonely life, unable to be seen with the king since no formal presentation had taken place. Very few, if any, of the nobility deigned to acknowledge her, a woman of the street who presumed above her station. Jeanne had
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and cried, "You are going to hurt me! Why?!" Terrified, she screamed for mercy and begged the watching crowd for help. Her last words to the executioner are said to have been: «De grâce, monsieur le bourreau, encore un petit moment!» – "One more moment, Mr. Executioner, I beg you!" She was buried in
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On the first attempt at the presentation, Madame de BĂ©arn panicked and feigned a sprained ankle. The second occasion was cancelled when the king fell off his hunting horse and broke his arm. Finally, Jeanne was presented at court on 22 April 1769, amid a cacophony of gossip among the crowds outside
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was dying, and Jeanne was escorted to the king's boudoir so frequently as to cause Lebel concern for his position. After weeks of sincerely mourning the Queen's death in June 1768, Louis XV was ready to resume his affairs. As a woman of low birth as well as a prostitute, Jeanne could not qualify as
997:. Her relationship with Marie Antoinette is a core theme of the first four episodes, at the end of which Antoinette (now queen) persuades her husband Louis XVI to have her exiled after the death of his grandfather, Louis XV, who had intended to marry Du Barry but died before that could take place.
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During the French
Revolution, Brissac was captured while visiting Paris, and lynched by the mob. Late that night, Jeanne heard a drunken crowd approaching the Château, and through the opened window where she looked came a blood-stained cloth with Brissac's head, at which sight she fainted.
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Needing an income, Jeanne first hawked trinkets for sale on the streets of Paris. She then in 1758 found a job assisting a young hairdresser named Lametz, with whom she had a brief relationship, as well as a daughter according to some rumors. She was soon employed as a reader and companion
432:; posthumous, between 1789 and 1805. Vigée Le Brun began working on the portrait in 1789, but had to abandon it when she underwent exile the same year, due to the French Revolution. Eventually, the portrait was given back to Vigée Le Brun, who completed it and gifted it to her niece.
548:. He was brought back to the palace at night and put to bed, where his daughters and Jeanne stayed beside him. On 4 May 1774, the king suggested to Madame du Barry that she leave Versailles, both to protect her from infection and so that he could prepare for confession and
483:." While Jeanne was known for her good nature and support of artists, she grew increasingly unpopular because of the king's financial extravagance towards her. She was forever in debt despite her huge monthly income—at one point up to three hundred thousand livres.
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After a year at the convent, Jeanne was granted permission to visit the surrounding countryside provided she return by sundown. A month later, she was allowed out farther, but not to venture within 10 miles (16 km) of
Versailles, including to her beloved
357:; but the king ordered she be married to a man of good lineage and brought to court. On 1 September 1768, she was married to Count Guillaume du Barry, the younger brother of her former lover Comte Jean-Baptiste du Barry. The marriage ceremony included a false
636:. Jeanne found out about this in 1792 and questioned Zamor about his connections with Grieve. Upon realising the depth of his involvement, she gave him three days' notice to quit her service. Zamor promptly denounced his mistress to the committee.
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Marie
Antoinette defied court protocol by refusing to speak to Madame du Barry. She not only disapproved of Jeanne's background, but felt insulted when she heard from the Comte de Provence of Jeanne's laughter at a salacious story told by the
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Jeanne was the center of all eyes at court. She wore costly, extravagant gowns and diamonds covered her neck and ears, straining the treasury all the more. She made both friends and enemies. Her most bitter rival was BĂ©atrix,
196:, etiquette required her to be the wife of a high courtier, so she was hastily married on 1 September 1768 to Comte Guillaume du Barry. The wedding ceremony was accompanied by a false birth certificate, created by
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Jeanne BĂ©cu was the illegitimate daughter of Anne BĂ©cu, a 30-year-old seamstress. Jeanne's father remains unidentified; however, it is possible that her father was Jean
Jacques Gomard, a friar known as
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to be presented at court, but Louis XV required her to find a proper sponsor. For this, Duke of
Richelieu eventually found Madame de BĂ©arn, who was bribed by the settlement of her huge gambling debts.
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When she came of age at fifteen, Jeanne left the convent. Around that time, she and her mother Anne were evicted from
Monsieur Dumonceaux's household, and returned to Anne's husband Nicolas Rançon.
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She retained her position until the death of Louis XV, despite the attempt to depose her by the Duc de
Choiseul and the Duc d'Aiguillon, who tried to arrange a secret marriage between the king and
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1772, Marie
Antoinette deigned to speak to Jeanne; her remark, "There are many people at Versailles today", was enough to take the edge off the dispute, though many still disapproved of Jeanne.
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Jeanne quickly became a sensation in Paris, building up a large aristocratic clientele. She had many customers, including government ministers and royal courtiers, the most prominent being
456:, who sided with her against the Duc de Choiseul. As Jeanne's power in court grew stronger, Choiseul began feeling his was waning. Though the king believed his country exhausted after the
200:, the comte's older brother. The certificate made Jeanne appear younger by three years and obscured her poor background. Henceforth, she was recognized as the king's official paramour.
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In 1772, the infatuated Louis XV requested that
Parisian jewellers Boehmer and Bassenge create a necklace for Jeanne of unprecedented extravagance, at an estimated cost of two million
266:) to an elderly widow, Madame de la Garde, but was sent away when she drew the attentions of Madame de la Garde's two married sons and one of their wives. From 1763 Jeanne worked as a
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soon disillusioned the new princess, who was outraged at such open immorality. Their rivalry continued, especially since the
Dauphine supported Choiseul in favor of the alliance with
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recounts that the king said to the Duc de Noailles that Madame du Barry introduced him to new pleasures; "Sire" – answered the duke – "that's because your Majesty has never been in a
769:, are named after Jeanne. All dishes "du Barry" have a creamy white sauce. Many have cauliflower, perhaps an allusion to her powdered hair with curls piled like cauliflower florets.
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243:. One of her mother's acquaintances, and presumed brief lover, Monsieur Billiard-Dumonceaux, took 3-year-old Jeanne and her mother into his care when they traveled from
564:. At first she was met coldly by the nuns, but soon enough they softened to her timid ways and opened up to her, most of all the abbess Madame de la Roche-Fontenelle.
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475:, had little interest in politics, reserving her passion for new gowns and jewellery. However, the king went so far as to let her participate in state councils. An
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1766:"Madame du Barry: From Prostitute to King Louis XV's Last Mistress, and Died as Famous Victim of the French Revolution | Feature Series | THE VALUE | Art News"
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accused her of treason and condemned her to death, she vainly attempted to save herself by revealing the location of the gemstones she had hidden.
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449:. Since the beginning, BĂ©atrix had plotted with her brother for Jeanne's removal, even writing libelous pamphlets against her as well as the king.
1010:, as a villainous, scheming enemy of Marie Antoinette; her struggles with the young princess are a major concern of the story in its early stages.
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399:, whom she dressed in elegant clothing. Jeanne developed a liking for Zamor and began to educate him. In his trial testimony in 1793, Zamor gave
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and almond-shaped blue eyes. In 1763, when she was visiting the brothel-casino of Madame Quisnoy, her beauty attracted the notice of the owner,
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to instruct her in etiquette. Later on, she also befriended the Maréchale de Mirepoix, and other noblewomen were bribed into her entourage.
303:. From 1766 du Barry helped establish Jeanne's career as a courtesan in the highest circles of Parisian society, including the aristocracy.
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In time, King Louis XV started to think of death and repentance, and began missing appointments in Jeanne's boudoir. During a stay at the
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informed Marie Antoinette that Jeanne pleased the king, and the 14-year-old archduchess innocently said that she would rival her. The
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1792:, p. 78: "Prince de Rohan had made fun of the pious old Empress... No one, it appears, had laughed so heartily as the hostess"
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for infanticide after concealing the birth of a stillborn child. Jeanne's letter to the Chancellor of France saved the girl.
373:. She wore a silvery white gown brocaded with gold, bedecked in jewels sent by the king the night before, and with huge side
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Jeanne first befriended her husband's sister, a cultured spinster Claire Françoise du Barry, who was brought from
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is an opera (1912) in three acts by Giannino Antona Traversi and Ernrico Golisciani, with music by Ezio Camussi.
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created by Jean-Baptiste du Barry, making Jeanne appear younger by three years and of fictitious noble descent.
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1359:"Zamor, the slave boy from Bengal played a major role in bringing down Bastille during French Revolution"
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Jeanne's relationship with Marie Antoinette was contentious. They first met at a family supper at the
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Jeanne's Bengali slave Zamor, along with another member of du Barry's domestic staff, had joined the
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caught sight of her. The king took a great interest, and sent for her through his valet and procurer
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Memoirs of the Comtesse Du Barry; with intimate details of her entire career as favorite of Louis XV
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is an operetta in three acts by Carl Millöcker to a German libretto by F. Zell and Richard Genée.
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Based largely on Zamor's testimony, Madame du Barry was suspected of financially assisting
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in the French Revolution, Jeanne was imprisoned over accusations of treason by her servant
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The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fruits, Vegetables, and Herbs: History, Botany, Cuisine
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to purchase it for her, accusations which would figure prominently in the onset of the
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A King's Favourite, Madame du Barry, and her times from hitherto unpublished documents
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1334:"How an Indian man taken to Europe as a slave played a role in the French Revolution"
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1428:, p. 32: "The carriages, jewels....reclaim the money from the royal treasury."
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230:. The fabulous gems which she had smuggled to London were sold at auction in 1795.
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1618:. Chapter 21-The Diamond Necklace Affair: St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 173–182.
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Jeanne quickly accustomed herself to living in luxury. Louis XV gave her a young
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1655:, p. 81: "She never dared go out for long,...rest for a while in peace"
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1874:, Editore Francesco Vallardi, Milan, (1913), entry by G. Cesari), page 13.
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On 8 December 1793, Madame du Barry was beheaded by the guillotine on the
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1770, and Choiseul was dismissed from his ministry and exiled from court.
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Her arrival at the French royal court scandalized some, as she had been a
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The diamond necklace commissioned by King Louis XV for Madame du Barry
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on accusations of treason — particularly being suspected of assisting
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299:. His installed Jeanne in his household as his mistress, calling her
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211:, whose contempt for Jeanne caused alarm and dissension at court. On
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who had fled the revolution, and she was arrested in 1793. When the
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Madame du Barry being taken away to the scaffold, by Tighe Hopkins:
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and came from humble beginnings. She was shunned by many, including
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Sex with Kings: 500 Years of Adultery, Power, Rivalry, and Revenge
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An Indecent Pitch of Luxury as to Insult the Poverty of the People
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on 15 May 1770—the day before Marie Antoinette's wedding with the
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with many other victims including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
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French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution
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As painted at the time, Jeanne was a beautiful blonde with thick
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François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
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Du Barry is one of the central characters in Sally Christie's
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572:. Two years later, she was allowed to move to Louveciennes.
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1729:"This gorgeous portrait is haunted by intrigue and death"
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284:" of Madame Labille and her husband. Labille's daughter,
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Du Barry was also portrayed by Japanese voice actress
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Despite this intrigue, Jeanne, unlike her predecessor
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658:. On the way to the guillotine, she collapsed in the
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List of people associated with the French Revolution
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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Mistress of Versailles: The Life of Madame du Barry
600:, having kept Jeanne in his heart despite Seymour.
552:. She retired to the Duc d'Aiguillon's estate near
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to flee from the Revolution. She is also known as "
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1477:. Chapter XXV: Kessinger Publishing. p. 234.
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381:was worked up even as she kept the court waiting.
377:, whose like had never been seen. Her spectacular
334:found her rather ordinary, in 1768 he took her to
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4264:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
163:(19 August 1743 – 8 December 1793) was the last
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690:paid by the British with money from this sale.
586:In the following years, she had a liaison with
2306:Significant civil and political events by year
1893:(in French). Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard.
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192:In 1768, when the king wished to make Jeanne
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2129:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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628:. He became a follower of the revolutionary
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1471:Langon, Baron Etienne Leon Lamothe (2010).
991:in the BBC/CANAL+ 8-part television series
544:with her, Louis felt the first symptoms of
464:. Du Barry exposed his plot to the king on
4463:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
2200:
2186:
1615:Marie Antoinette: The Last Queen of France
1612:Catherine Temerson, Evelyne Lever (2000).
777:Madame du Barry was portrayed in film by:
608:Imprisonment, trial and execution: 1792–93
493:
452:In time Jeanne became acquainted with the
4728:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4386:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4209:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1955:Louis XV intime et les petites maitresses
729:about Marie Antoinette's mother, Empress
5160:
2444:Nationalization of the Church properties
1932:
1497:
1090:
987:Du Barry is portrayed by French actress
740:
611:
574:
503:
420:
310:
255:of St. Aure, in the outskirts of Paris.
5389:Historiography of the French Revolution
4660:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4371:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2110:
2033:
1911:Louis the Beloved: The Life of Louis XV
1907:
1888:
1817:
1801:
1752:
1678:
1375:
1311:. Internet Archive. Henry Holt and Co.
1216:
670:Although her French estate went to the
588:Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac
410:According to Stanley Loomis' biography
14:
5416:
4396:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
4351:Other significant figures and factions
2111:Stoeckl, Agnes, (Baroness de) (1966).
2052:
2015:
2003:La Croix de Castries, René de (1967).
1983:
1962:
1951:
1789:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1652:
1560:
1539:
1470:
1425:
1387:
1262:
1228:
1186:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1118:"Family tree of Anne BECU de CANTIGNY"
1053:
403:as his birthplace; he was probably of
5264:
5159:
4443:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4349:
4199:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4138:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4096:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
3699:
2945:
2576:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2304:
2207:
2181:
2137:
1273:
1271:
1093:"Madame du Barry vs Marie Antoinette"
736:
4597:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
4009:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
3700:
2796:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1966:Madame du Barry: The Wages of Beauty
1818:Madison, Deborah (26 January 2017).
1437:
1331:
1305:Caroline Weber (19 September 2006).
1086:
1084:
896:in the lead role of Count Cagliostro
582:, by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun in 1781
369:the palace and the courtiers in the
5265:
4204:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
2094:Madame du Barry: un nom de scandale
1872:Rivista enciclopedica contemporanea
1851:. Vintage Books. pp. 196–198.
745:Marble bust of Madame du Barry, by
590:. She later also fell in love with
535:
24:
5394:Influence of the French Revolution
5384:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4148:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4109:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2364:Convocation of the Estates General
1758:
1268:
694:Relationship with Marie Antoinette
678:in London in 1795. Colonel Johann
288:, became a good friend of Jeanne.
25:
5505:
5036:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4768:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4070:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3852:François Christophe de Kellermann
3091:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2150:
2092:Saint-Victor, Jacques de (2002).
2036:Marie Antoinette The Player Queen
1580:. 11 January 2009. Archived from
1081:
632:and then an office-bearer in the
4763:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4670:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4640:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
4531:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
4309:
4274:
4244:
4219:
4176:
4050:
3927:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
3708:
2480:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
2165:Memoirs of the Comtesse Du Barry
1845:Fyodor Dostoyevsky (July 2003).
1726:
1401:"Jeanne BĂ©cu, Comtesse du Barry"
150:
54:
5101:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
4848:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4773:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
3984:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
3979:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3959:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
3787:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2705:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
2144:(in French). Paris: L. Bernard.
1865:
1783:
1720:
1658:
1646:
1605:
1596:
1566:
1545:
1524:
1491:
1464:
1431:
1419:
1393:
1351:
1325:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1247:
1234:
1222:
1201:
1054:Kelley, Jan (7 December 2012).
307:Mistress of Louis XV: 1768–1774
173:of France. She was executed by
136:
5374:Women in the French Revolution
4976:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4153:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
3817:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
3446:French invasion of Switzerland
1969:. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.
1952:Fleury, comte Maurice (1909).
1506:. Simon and Schuster. p.
1192:
1171:
1110:
1047:
500:Affair of the Diamond Necklace
233:
161:Jeanne BĂ©cu, Comtesse du Barry
13:
1:
5379:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5198:Pierre Claude François Daunou
4986:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4117:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4088:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3385:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3138:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3112:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2921:Constitution of the Year VIII
2656:Committee of General Security
2541:National Legislative Assembly
2396:National Constituent Assembly
2034:Palache, John Garber (2005).
1824:. Book Sales. pp. 170–.
1574:"The Diamond Necklace Affair"
1332:Bose, Arghya (14 July 2020).
1091:Kuckhahn, Geni (8 May 2019).
1035:
981:
954:
875:in the 1943 movie version of
5474:People from Lorraine (duchy)
5297:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5091:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
4981:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
4878:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4778:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
4468:Charles Malo François Lameth
4143:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3974:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3917:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3117:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2804:Constitution of the Year III
2096:(in French). Paris: Perrin.
2072:Saint-André, Claude (1915).
1446:. Ballantine Books. p.
315:Portrait of Jeanne BĂ©cu, by
7:
5193:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4818:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4753:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4713:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4592:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4577:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
4572:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4381:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4234:William V, Prince of Orange
3104:First Battle of Wissembourg
3061:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2777:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2646:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
2603:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
2463:Abolition of the Parlements
2436:Women's March on Versailles
2141:Histoire de madame du Barry
2084:, published by Tallandier,
2080:translated from the French
580:Portrait of Madame du Barry
10:
5510:
5484:18th-century French people
5328:French Republican calendar
4883:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
4508:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
3862:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3812:Charles François Dumouriez
3802:Jacques François Dugommier
3616:League of Armed Neutrality
3449:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
3401:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
3224:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3203:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2867:Second Congress of Rastatt
2651:Committee of Public Safety
2638:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
2078:. New York: McBride, Nast.
832:Du Barry, Woman of Passion
634:Committee of Public Safety
497:
218:Decades later, during the
29:
5489:18th-century French women
5343:Cult of the Supreme Being
5271:
5260:
5166:
5155:
5114:
4948:
4941:
4826:
4683:
4605:
4516:
4503:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
4409:
4358:Patriotic Society of 1789
4356:
4345:
4307:
4272:
4242:
4217:
4174:
4161:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4083:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
4048:
4039:
4017:
3722:
3706:
3695:
3664:
3627:
3600:Convention of Alessandria
3582:
3489:
3436:
3367:
3237:
3211:
3128:
3025:
2952:
2941:
2897:
2886:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
2878:
2851:
2788:
2724:
2619:
2552:
2501:
2455:
2347:What Is the Third Estate?
2338:
2311:
2300:
2215:
1958:(in French). Paris: Plon.
1933:Castelot, André. (1989).
1914:. Garden City, New York:
1442:Becoming Marie Antoinette
975:The Enemies of Versailles
618:The Dungeons of Old Paris
518:Jeanne de la Motte-Valois
146:
120:
108:
96:8 December 1793 (aged 50)
92:
70:
53:
48:
41:
5051:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5016:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4898:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
4868:François-Nicolas Vincent
4853:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4027:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3922:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3902:François Séverin Marceau
3882:François Joseph Lefebvre
3777:Jean-Étienne Championnet
3752:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3747:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3742:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3732:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
3454:French Invasion of Egypt
3332:Second Battle of Bassano
3066:Battle of Kaiserslautern
2840:Conspiracy of the Equals
2533:The Constitution of 1791
2404:Storming of the Bastille
2159:at Château de Versailles
2038:. Kessinger Publishing.
1984:Herman, Eleanor (2004).
1908:Bernier, Oliver (1984).
1889:Antoine, Michel (1989).
1638:: CS1 maint: location (
1498:Baumgold, Julie (2005).
1014:
592:Henry Seymour of Redland
126:Comte Guillaume du Barry
5494:French royal favourites
5434:People from Vaucouleurs
5031:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4903:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4863:Antoine-François Momoro
4858:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4675:François de Neufchâteau
4625:Charles-François Lebrun
4567:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
4448:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4324:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4130:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4125:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3757:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3571:Second Battle of Zurich
3462:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3308:First Battle of Bassano
3146:Second Battle of Boulou
2947:Revolutionary campaigns
2905:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2820:Council of Five Hundred
2608:First republic declared
2544:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
2525:Declaration of Pillnitz
2249:Constitutional monarchy
2138:Vatel, Charles (1883).
1916:Doubleday & Company
1578:Marie Antoinette Online
1551:Herman, Pensions, p.146
1060:The Wall Street Journal
772:
760:
570:Château de Louveciennes
524:was accused of bribing
494:Diamond necklace affair
430:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
317:François-Hubert Drouais
286:Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
187:Mademoiselle Vaubernier
62:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
5439:Mistresses of Louis XV
5360:
5319:
5295:
5276:
4788:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
4783:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4693:Maximilien Robespierre
4526:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4391:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
3822:Louis-Charles de Flers
3807:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3772:Jean François Carteaux
3547:First Battle of Zurich
3510:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
3465:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
3425:Treaty of Campo Formio
3171:Glorious First of June
3099:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
3058:Expedition to Sardinia
2736:Desmoulins guillotined
2671:Assassination of Marat
2663:Fall of the Girondists
2635:Revolutionary Tribunal
2627:Execution of Louis XVI
2517:Champ de Mars massacre
2420:Abolition of Feudalism
1530:Mme. Campan, Souvenirs
1277:Haslip 1992, pp. 34-36
1007:The Rose of Versailles
757:
656:Place de la RĂ©volution
645:Revolutionary Tribunal
621:
583:
509:
433:
323:
297:Jean-Baptiste du Barry
198:Jean-Baptiste du Barry
5469:Executed French women
5444:Courtesans from Paris
5233:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4498:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4478:Jean-François Rewbell
3964:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3847:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3837:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3608:Battle of Hohenlinden
3481:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
3316:Battle of Emmendingen
3263:Battle of Castiglione
3150:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
3081:Battle of Hondschoote
2752:Thermidorian Reaction
2716:(throughout the year)
2489:Fête de la Fédération
2415:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
2399:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
2383:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2055:The Road to Compiegne
2053:Plaidy, Jean (2007).
2022:Du Barry: A Biography
1963:Haslip, Joan (1992).
1602:Herman, Jewels, p.135
1438:Grey, Juliet (2011).
765:Many dishes, such as
744:
615:
578:
507:
447:Marquise de Pompadour
424:
328:Maréchal de Richelieu
314:
103:French First Republic
5479:Jewellery collectors
5161:Influential thinkers
4908:Jean-François Varlet
4808:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4803:Jean Bon Saint-André
4630:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4552:Marquis de Condorcet
4401:Nicolas de Condorcet
4166:Dagobert von Wurmser
3999:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3942:Pierre-Jacques Osten
3857:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3792:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3782:Chapuis de Tourville
3324:Battle of Schliengen
3271:Battle of Theiningen
3192:Battle of Aldenhoven
3076:Battle of Wattignies
3045:Battle of Neerwinden
2859:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2372:Death of the Dauphin
2007:(in French). Paris:
1988:. New York: Morrow.
1584:on 30 September 2011
1502:The Diamond: A Novel
1207:Haslip 1992, pp. 8-9
711:comtesse de Noailles
700:Château of La Muette
346:. The popular Queen
30:For other uses, see
27:Mistress of Louis XV
5248:Mary Wollstonecraft
5026:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4813:Pierre Louis Prieur
4758:Jean-Henri Voulland
4733:Jacques-Louis David
4665:Jean Joseph Mounier
4366:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4004:Belgrand de Vaubois
3892:Jean-Antoine Marbot
3832:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3637:Treaty of Lunéville
3276:Battle of Neresheim
3221:Siege of Luxembourg
3200:Siege of Luxembourg
3155:Battle of Tourcoing
3086:Siege of Bellegarde
2913:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2825:Council of Ancients
2600:National Convention
2592:September Massacres
2568:Brunswick Manifesto
2560:France declares war
2327:Assembly of Vizille
1733:The Washington Post
1681:, pp. 246–249.
1056:"A Mistress's Tale"
688:Hessian mercenaries
473:Madame de Pompadour
443:Duchesse de Gramont
438:maîtresse déclarée,
276:in the fashionable
5086:Loménie de Brienne
5061:Madame de Lamballe
4996:Napoléon Bonaparte
4793:Prieur de la Marne
4708:Camille Desmoulins
4562:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
4438:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4433:Arnaud de La Porte
4289:Alexander Korsakov
4075:Count of Clerfayt
3994:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3907:Auguste de Marmont
3762:Napoléon Bonaparte
3653:Algeciras campaign
3645:Treaty of Florence
3523:Battle of Stockach
3356:Ireland expedition
3340:Battle of Calliano
3300:Battle of Rovereto
3292:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
2744:Law of 22 Prairial
2713:Anti-clerical laws
2688:The Death of Marat
2509:Flight to Varennes
1295:Haslip 1992, p. 38
1286:Haslip 1992, p. 29
1253:Haslip 1992, p. 26
968:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
878:DuBarry Was a Lady
792:Edoardo Bencivenga
782:Mrs. Leslie Carter
758:
737:In popular culture
665:Madeleine Cemetery
622:
584:
510:
434:
354:maîtresse-en-titre
324:
301:Mademoiselle Lange
228:Madeleine cemetery
194:maîtresse-en-titre
166:maîtresse-en-titre
114:Madeleine Cemetery
5464:French socialites
5459:French countesses
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5285:Cockade of France
5256:
5255:
5218:Antoine Lavoisier
5208:Benjamin Franklin
5188:Anacharsis Cloots
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5071:Louis de Breteuil
4913:Theophile Leclerc
4341:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4294:Alexander Suvorov
4035:
4034:
3969:JĂłzef Poniatowski
3887:Étienne Macdonald
3691:
3690:
3592:Battle of Marengo
3555:Battle of Trebbia
3539:Battle of Cassano
3531:Battle of Magnano
3515:Battle of Ostrach
3417:Battle of Neuwied
3179:Battle of Fleurus
3163:Battle of Tournay
3040:War in the Vendée
2976:Royalist Revolts
2937:
2936:
2494:
2470:Abolition of the
2388:Tennis Court Oath
2380:National Assembly
2209:French Revolution
2170:Project Gutenberg
1976:978-0-8021-1256-9
1937:. Paris: Perrin.
1858:978-0-375-70224-2
1831:978-0-7858-3488-5
1727:Smee, Sebastian.
1484:978-1-4043-1792-5
1405:Madame Guillotine
1390:, pp. 55–56.
1318:978-0-8050-7949-4
1198:Haslip 1992, p. 7
1177:Haslip 1992, p. 3
932:in the 2023 film
917:in the 2006 film
902:in the 1954 film
886:in the 1949 film
869:in the title role
840:in the 1934 film
829:in the 1930 film
814:in the 1919 film
807:J. Gordon Edwards
799:in the 1917 film
784:in the 1915 film
727:Cardinal de Rohan
715:Comte de Provence
682:took part in the
672:Tribunal de Paris
530:French Revolution
526:Cardinal de Rohan
520:, in which Queen
359:birth certificate
348:Marie Leszczyńska
264:dame de compagnie
179:French Revolution
158:
157:
86:Kingdom of France
49:Countess of Barry
16:(Redirected from
5501:
5365:
5353:Temple of Reason
5324:
5300:
5281:
5262:
5261:
5213:Thomas Jefferson
5157:
5156:
5076:de Chateaubriand
5006:Joseph Bonaparte
5001:Lucien Bonaparte
4991:Marie Antoinette
4946:
4945:
4933:Sylvain Maréchal
4888:François Hanriot
4723:Louis Philippe I
4650:Louis Philippe I
4645:Philippe Égalité
4587:Olympe de Gouges
4557:Charlotte Corday
4547:Étienne Clavière
4347:
4346:
4329:Antonio Ricardos
4314:
4313:
4299:Andrei Rosenberg
4279:
4278:
4249:
4248:
4224:
4223:
4194:Ralph Abercromby
4181:
4180:
4156:
4133:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4091:
4078:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4045:
3950:
3897:Marcellin Marbot
3720:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3701:Military leaders
3697:
3696:
3684:
3676:
3672:Treaty of Amiens
3657:
3649:
3641:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3575:
3574:(25–26 Sep 1799)
3567:
3559:
3558:(17–20 Jun 1799)
3551:
3543:
3542:(27–28 Apr 1799)
3535:
3527:
3519:
3518:(20–21 Mar 1799)
3511:
3503:
3499:Second Coalition
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3409:Treaty of Leoben
3405:
3397:
3396:(14–15 Jan 1797)
3393:Battle of Rivoli
3389:
3381:
3377:Italian campaign
3360:
3352:
3351:(15–17 Nov 1796)
3348:Battle of Arcole
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3284:Battle of Amberg
3280:
3267:
3259:
3255:Battle of Lonato
3251:
3247:Italian campaign
3225:
3204:
3196:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3142:
3121:
3120:(26–27 Dec 1793)
3108:
3100:
3062:
3054:
3050:Battle of Famars
3018:
2943:
2942:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2890:
2871:
2863:
2844:
2836:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2512:(20–21 Jun 1791)
2492:
2484:
2476:
2467:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2331:
2323:
2319:Day of the Tiles
2302:
2301:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2145:
2134:
2128:
2120:
2107:
2079:
2068:
2049:
2030:
2025:. Philadelphia:
2012:
1999:
1980:
1959:
1948:
1929:
1904:
1875:
1869:
1863:
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1103:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1076:
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1051:
994:Marie Antoinette
920:Marie Antoinette
892:, also starring
865:, which starred
862:Marie Antoinette
848:William Dieterle
536:Exile: 1774–1792
522:Marie Antoinette
462:Falkland Islands
458:Seven Years' War
280:shop called "La
209:Marie Antoinette
154:
140:
138:
116:
88:
76:
58:
39:
38:
21:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5454:French nobility
5414:
5413:
5412:
5403:
5278:La Marseillaise
5267:
5266:Cultural impact
5252:
5162:
5143:
5110:
5066:Madame du Barry
5056:Catherine Théot
5046:Thérésa Tallien
4937:
4928:Gracchus Babeuf
4873:François Chabot
4830:
4822:
4743:Georges Couthon
4738:Marquis de Sade
4703:Jean-Paul Marat
4679:
4635:Bertrand Barère
4601:
4512:
4493:Boissy d'Anglas
4488:Madame de Staël
4453:Antoine Barnave
4421:
4414:
4405:
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4089:
4076:
4065:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
4049:
4031:
4013:
3954:Nicolas Oudinot
3944:
3877:Claude Lecourbe
3872:Charles Leclerc
3767:Guillaume Brune
3737:Pierre Augereau
3707:
3702:
3687:
3682:
3680:Treaty of Paris
3674:
3660:
3655:
3647:
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3623:
3618:
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3140:
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3119:
3106:
3098:
3096:Siege of Toulon
3060:
3052:
3035:First Coalition
3021:
3012:
2948:
2933:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2893:
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2738:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2697:Law of Suspects
2691:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2645:
2643:Reign of Terror
2637:
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2615:
2610:
2602:
2594:
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2511:
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2430:
2423:(4–11 Aug 1789)
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2356:RĂ©veillon riots
2350:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2307:
2296:
2211:
2206:
2175:
2157:Madame du Barry
2153:
2148:
2122:
2121:
2104:
2082:Madame du Barry
2065:
2057:. Arrow Books.
2046:
2017:Loomis, Stanley
2005:Madame du Barry
1996:
1977:
1945:
1935:Madame du Barry
1926:
1901:
1879:
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1677:
1673:
1666:"newadvent.org"
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1202:
1197:
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1189:, pp. 5–6.
1185:
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1089:
1082:
1072:
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1052:
1048:
1038:
1017:
984:
957:
935:Jeanne du Barry
910:Christian-Jaque
905:Madame du Barry
843:Madame Du Barry
838:Dolores del RĂo
802:Madame Du Barry
775:
763:
751:National Museum
739:
696:
684:Battle of Mainz
610:
538:
502:
496:
454:Duc d’Aiguillon
426:Madame du Barry
371:Hall of Mirrors
344:Dominique Lebel
332:Duc de Choiseul
321:Museo del Prado
309:
236:
220:Reign of Terror
142:
139: 1768)
134:
130:
127:
112:
97:
80:
79:
77:
74:
66:
65:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Madame Du Barry
15:
12:
11:
5:
5507:
5497:
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5486:
5481:
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5396:
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5348:Cult of Reason
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
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5311:
5306:
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5292:
5290:Flag of France
5287:
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5109:
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5103:
5098:
5096:Jacques Necker
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
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5068:
5063:
5058:
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4930:
4925:
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4918:Claire Lacombe
4915:
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4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4843:Jacques HĂ©bert
4839:
4837:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
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4795:
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4755:
4750:
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4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4698:Georges Danton
4695:
4689:
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4680:
4678:
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4672:
4667:
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4652:
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4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4542:Henri Grégoire
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4483:Camille Jordan
4480:
4475:
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4465:
4460:
4455:
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4424:
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3986:
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3650:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3563:Battle of Novi
3560:
3552:
3550:(4–7 Jun 1799)
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3442:
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3434:
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3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3373:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3343:(6–7 Nov 1796)
3337:
3329:
3321:
3313:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3260:
3258:(3–4 Aug 1796)
3252:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3229:Peace of Basel
3226:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
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3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:Siege of Mainz
3068:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3007:
3002:
3000:Siege of Mainz
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2982:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2950:
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2875:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2832:13 Vendémiaire
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2809:
2801:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2684:
2679:Levée en masse
2676:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2640:
2632:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2584:10th of August
2581:
2573:
2565:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2477:
2468:
2466:(Feb–Jul 1790)
2459:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2152:
2151:External links
2149:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2108:
2102:
2089:
2069:
2064:978-0099493372
2063:
2050:
2044:
2031:
2013:
2000:
1994:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1949:
1943:
1930:
1924:
1905:
1899:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1864:
1857:
1837:
1830:
1810:
1794:
1782:
1757:
1755:, p. 174.
1745:
1719:
1717:, p. 121.
1707:
1705:, p. 133.
1695:
1693:, p. 203.
1683:
1671:
1657:
1645:
1624:
1604:
1595:
1565:
1553:
1544:
1532:
1523:
1516:
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1350:
1324:
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1279:
1267:
1255:
1246:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1179:
1170:
1158:
1156:, p. 302.
1146:
1134:
1109:
1080:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1022:Gräfin Dubarry
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1002:Ryoko Kinomiya
998:
983:
980:
979:
978:
971:
956:
953:
952:
951:
947:, directed by
939:also starring
927:
923:, directed by
912:
908:, directed by
897:
884:Margot Grahame
881:
870:
850:
846:, directed by
835:
827:Norma Talmadge
824:
822:Ernst Lubitsch
820:, directed by
817:Madame DuBarry
809:
805:, directed by
794:
790:, directed by
774:
771:
762:
759:
747:Augustin Pajou
738:
735:
695:
692:
609:
606:
597:ménage-a-trois
537:
534:
498:Main article:
495:
492:
436:As the king's
308:
305:
270:assistant and
235:
232:
213:New Year's Day
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
132:
128:
125:
124:
122:
118:
117:
110:
106:
105:
94:
90:
89:
78:19 August 1743
72:
68:
67:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5506:
5495:
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5490:
5487:
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5482:
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5387:
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5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:Sans-culottes
5358:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5333:Metric system
5331:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5263:
5259:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
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5224:
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5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5158:
5154:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5132:Panthéon Club
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
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5089:
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5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:Joachim Murat
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
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4911:
4909:
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4879:
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4835:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4798:Gilbert Romme
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
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4769:
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4709:
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4696:
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4682:
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4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:de Cambacérès
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
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4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4536:Madame Roland
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:André Chénier
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4428:Grace Elliott
4426:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4397:
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4392:
4389:
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4364:
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4271:
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4260:
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4105:
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4097:
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4060:
4058:
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4038:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:Joseph Souham
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Joachim Murat
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:André Masséna
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
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3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
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3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
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3800:
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3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
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3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3698:
3694:
3683:(25 Jun 1802)
3681:
3678:
3675:(25 Mar 1802)
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3651:
3648:(18 Mar 1801)
3646:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3603:(15 Jun 1800)
3601:
3598:
3595:(14 Jun 1800)
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3569:
3566:(15 Aug 1799)
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3526:(25 Mar 1799)
3524:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3507:Siege of Acre
3505:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3478:Peasants' War
3476:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3428:(17 Oct 1797)
3426:
3423:
3420:(18 Apr 1797)
3418:
3415:
3412:(17 Apr 1797)
3410:
3407:
3404:(25 Jan 1797)
3402:
3399:
3394:
3391:
3388:(13 Jan 1797)
3386:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3327:(26 Oct 1796)
3325:
3322:
3319:(19 Oct 1796)
3317:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3287:(24 Aug 1796)
3285:
3282:
3279:(11 Aug 1796)
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3182:(26 Jun 1794)
3180:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3166:(22 May 1794)
3164:
3161:
3158:(18 May 1794)
3156:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3141:(24 Apr 1794)
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3107:(13 Oct 1793)
3105:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3053:(23 May 1793)
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
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2993:
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2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2927:
2924:(24 Dec 1799)
2922:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2908:(18 Jun 1799)
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2889:(11 May 1798)
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2856:
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2850:
2841:
2838:
2833:
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2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:(22 Aug 1795)
2805:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2780:(11 Nov 1794)
2778:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2764:(28 Jul 1794)
2761:
2758:
2755:(27 Jul 1794)
2753:
2750:
2747:(10 Jun 1794)
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2714:
2711:
2708:(16 Oct 1793)
2706:
2703:
2700:(17 Sep 1793)
2698:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2682:(23 Aug 1793)
2680:
2677:
2674:(13 Jul 1793)
2672:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2630:(21 Jan 1793)
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2611:(22 Sep 1792)
2609:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2590:
2587:(10 Aug 1792)
2585:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2571:(25 Jul 1792)
2569:
2566:
2563:(20 Apr 1792)
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2528:(27 Aug 1791)
2526:
2523:
2520:(17 Jul 1791)
2518:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2493:(14 Jul 1790)
2491:
2490:
2486:
2483:(12 Jul 1790)
2481:
2478:
2475:(23 Jun 1790)
2473:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2431:(26 Aug 1789)
2429:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2407:(14 Jul 1789)
2405:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2391:(20 Jun 1789)
2389:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2375:(4 June 1789)
2373:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2359:(28 Apr 1789)
2357:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2330:(21 Jul 1788)
2328:
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2299:
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2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:Ancien RĂ©gime
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2162:Full text of
2161:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2103:9782262016616
2099:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2045:9781417902507
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1995:0-06-058544-7
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1944:9782262006914
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1925:0-385-18402-6
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1900:9782010178184
1896:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1881:
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1873:
1868:
1860:
1854:
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1625:9780312283339
1621:
1617:
1616:
1608:
1599:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1548:
1542:, p. 22.
1541:
1536:
1527:
1519:
1517:9780743274548
1513:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1494:
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1480:
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1459:
1457:9780345523860
1453:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1378:, p. 43.
1377:
1372:
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1360:
1354:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1265:, p. 27.
1264:
1259:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1219:, p. 23.
1218:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1098:
1097:Geni Kuckhahn
1094:
1087:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1004:in the anime
1003:
999:
996:
995:
990:
986:
985:
976:
972:
969:
965:
964:
959:
958:
950:
946:
942:
938:
936:
931:
928:
926:
925:Sofia Coppola
922:
921:
916:
913:
911:
907:
906:
901:
900:Martine Carol
898:
895:
891:
890:
885:
882:
880:
879:
874:
871:
868:
867:Norma Shearer
864:
863:
858:
854:
853:Gladys George
851:
849:
845:
844:
839:
836:
834:
833:
828:
825:
823:
819:
818:
813:
810:
808:
804:
803:
798:
795:
793:
789:
788:
783:
780:
779:
778:
770:
768:
767:Soup du Barry
756:
752:
748:
743:
734:
732:
731:Maria Theresa
728:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:Louis-Auguste
705:
701:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
630:George Grieve
627:
619:
614:
605:
601:
599:
598:
593:
589:
581:
577:
573:
571:
565:
563:
562:Meaux-en-Brie
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:Petit Trianon
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
506:
501:
491:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:Christmas Eve
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
439:
431:
427:
423:
419:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
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389:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
366:
362:
360:
356:
355:
349:
345:
341:
338:, where King
337:
333:
330:. Though the
329:
322:
318:
313:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
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107:
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100:
95:
91:
87:
83:
73:
69:
63:
57:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5369:Phrygian cap
5314:Bastille Day
5228:Thomas Paine
5183:Edmund Burke
5178:Beaumarchais
5172:Les Lumières
5170:
5065:
5011:Joseph Fesch
4923:Pauline LĂ©on
4893:Jacques Roux
4832:
4416:
3842:Lazare Hoche
3827:Paul Grenier
3797:Louis Desaix
3656:(8 Jul 1801)
3640:(9 Feb 1801)
3611:(3 Dec 1800)
3534:(5 Apr 1799)
3335:(6 Nov 1796)
3311:(8 Sep 1796)
3303:(4 Sep 1796)
3295:(3 Sep 1796)
3266:(5 Aug 1796)
3195:(2 Oct 1794)
3174:(1 Jun 1794)
2916:(9 Nov 1799)
2862:(4 Sep 1797)
2799:(1 Apr 1795)
2769:White Terror
2762:guillotined
2739:(5 Apr 1794)
2686:
2666:(2 Jun 1793)
2536:(3 Sep 1791)
2487:
2447:(2 Nov 1789)
2439:(5 Oct 1789)
2367:(5 May 1789)
2345:
2322:(7 Jun 1788)
2289:
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2275:
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2240:
2233:
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2140:
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2093:
2081:
2074:
2054:
2035:
2021:
2004:
1985:
1965:
1954:
1934:
1910:
1890:
1882:Bibliography
1867:
1847:
1840:
1820:
1813:
1802:Palache 2005
1797:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1770:TheValue.com
1769:
1760:
1753:Stoeckl 1966
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1679:Bernier 1984
1674:
1660:
1648:
1614:
1607:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:the original
1577:
1568:
1556:
1547:
1535:
1526:
1501:
1493:
1473:
1466:
1441:
1433:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1407:. 2 May 2020
1404:
1395:
1383:
1376:Stoeckl 1966
1371:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:
1327:
1307:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1258:
1249:
1241:
1236:
1224:
1217:Stoeckl 1966
1212:
1203:
1194:
1182:
1173:
1168:, p. 3.
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:
1071:. Retrieved
1059:
1049:
1028:
1020:
1005:
993:
974:
961:
933:
919:
915:Asia Argento
903:
894:Orson Welles
887:
876:
873:Lucille Ball
861:
855:in the 1938
841:
830:
815:
800:
785:
776:
764:
723:
697:
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653:
640:
638:
626:Jacobin club
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488:Madame Pater
485:
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395:slave named
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164:
160:
159:
60:Portrait by
36:
5429:1793 deaths
5424:1743 births
5238:Abbé Sieyès
5223:Montesquieu
5139:Social Club
5081:Jean Chouan
4971:Louis XVIII
4748:Roger Ducos
4718:Paul Barras
4685:Montagnards
4615:Abbé Sieyès
4418:monarchiens
4226:Netherlands
4155:(Hungarian)
4103:(Hungarian)
4019:French Navy
3945: [
3867:Jean Lannes
3724:French Army
3502:(1798–1802)
3473:(1798–1800)
3457:(1798–1801)
3187:Chouannerie
3148:(Pyrenees)
3013: [
2980:Chouannerie
2772:(Fall 1794)
2760:Robespierre
2117:John Murray
1790:Haslip 1992
1715:Haslip 1992
1703:Haslip 1992
1691:Herman 2004
1653:Haslip 1992
1561:Fleury 1909
1540:Herman 2004
1426:Haslip 1992
1388:Loomis 1959
1263:Haslip 1992
1229:Haslip 1992
1187:Haslip 1992
1166:Haslip 1992
1154:Plaidy 2007
1142:Haslip 1992
1029:La Du Barry
941:Johnny Depp
889:Black Magic
245:Vaucouleurs
234:Early years
177:during the
82:Vaucouleurs
75:Jeanne BĂ©cu
43:Jeanne BĂ©cu
5418:Categories
5127:Cordeliers
5041:Talleyrand
4966:Louis XVII
4828:HĂ©bertists
4582:Jean Debry
4412:Feuillants
4041:Opposition
3937:Michel Ney
3359:(Dec 1796)
2967:Thionville
2870:(Dec 1797)
2843:(May 1796)
2835:5 Oct 1795
2812:Directoire
2692:(painting)
2595:(Sep 1792)
2579:(Jun 1792)
2412:Great Fear
2351:(Jan 1789)
2242:Revolution
2115:. London:
2027:Lippincott
1804:, p.
1364:Get Bengal
1036:References
989:Gaia Weiss
982:Television
955:Literature
812:Pola Negri
797:Theda Bara
676:Christie's
550:last rites
401:Chittagong
336:Versailles
241:frère Ange
175:guillotine
4961:Louis XVI
4956:Charles X
4607:The Plain
4518:Girondins
4458:Lafayette
4119:(Walloon)
4101:Pál Kray
4077:(Walloon)
3619:(1800–02)
3470:Quasi-War
2929:Consulate
2815:(1795–99)
2270:Consulate
2263:Directory
2125:cite book
1848:The Idiot
1634:cite book
1338:Scroll.in
1068:0099-9660
1041:Citations
963:The Idiot
749:in 1773:
680:Keglevich
558:Louis XVI
386:Languedoc
319:in 1770:
268:milliners
205:courtesan
147:Signature
5321:Panthéon
5309:Muscadin
5304:Marianne
5243:Voltaire
5122:Jacobins
5115:Factions
4655:Mirabeau
4111:(French)
3005:Jemappes
2989:Dauphiné
2472:Nobility
2284:Journals
2277:Glossary
2256:Republic
2228:Timeline
2019:(1959).
2009:Hachette
1891:Louis XV
1775:23 April
1738:25 April
1411:21 April
1343:26 April
1240:Herman,
1127:13 April
1122:Geneanet
1102:24 April
1073:24 April
945:Louis XV
546:smallpox
477:anecdote
412:Du Barry
407:origin.
379:coiffure
375:panniers
340:Louis XV
293:ringlets
282:Toilette
273:grisette
171:Louis XV
169:of King
5203:Diderot
4949:Figures
4834:Enragés
4540:Father
4251:Prussia
4183:Britain
4132:(Saxon)
4090:(Swiss)
4057:Austria
2088:, 1909.
1588:30 June
1244:, p.175
977:(2017).
949:MaĂŻwenn
930:MaĂŻwenn
787:DuBarry
719:Austria
704:Dauphin
660:tumbrel
641:émigrés
481:brothel
416:gallows
393:Bengali
253:Convent
183:émigrés
141:
133:
129:
64:, 1782
32:Dubarry
4942:Others
4281:Russia
3715:France
3380:(1797)
3250:(1796)
2985:Vendée
2962:Verdun
2789:1795–6
2732:Danton
2291:Museum
2221:Causes
2100:
2061:
2042:
1992:
1973:
1941:
1922:
1897:
1855:
1828:
1622:
1514:
1481:
1454:
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620:, 1897
514:livres
121:Spouse
109:Buried
5399:Films
4316:Spain
3949:]
3017:]
3010:Namur
2995:Lille
2972:Valmy
2168:from
2086:Paris
1015:Opera
966:, by
859:film
686:with
649:Paris
554:Rueil
428:, by
405:Siddi
397:Zamor
249:Paris
224:Zamor
135:(
131:
99:Paris
4831:and
4415:and
3665:1802
3629:1801
3584:1800
3491:1799
3438:1798
3369:1797
3239:1796
3213:1795
3130:1794
3027:1793
2954:1792
2898:1799
2879:1798
2852:1797
2734:and
2725:1794
2620:1793
2553:1792
2502:1791
2456:1790
2339:1789
2312:1788
2131:link
2098:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2040:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1777:2022
1740:2022
1640:link
1620:ISBN
1590:2011
1512:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1413:2022
1345:2022
1313:ISBN
1129:2022
1104:2022
1075:2022
1064:ISSN
773:Film
761:Food
663:the
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