1113:
1416:
implementations. A MAC address is intended as a unique serial number. MAC addresses are typically assigned to network interface hardware at the time of manufacture. The most significant part of the address identifies the manufacturer, who assigns the remainder of the address, thus providing a
1536:
used in
Ethernet networks. This mechanism is only utilized within a network collision domain, for example, an Ethernet bus network or a hub-based star topology network. An Ethernet network may be divided into several collision domains, interconnected by bridges and switches.
1057:
of the physical layer such that the complexities of physical link control are invisible to the LLC and upper layers of the network stack. Thus any LLC sublayer (and higher layers) may be used with any MAC. In turn, the medium access control block is formally connected to the
1097:
is detected. When receiving data from the physical layer, the MAC block ensures data integrity by verifying the sender's frame check sequences, and strips off the sender's preamble and padding before passing the data up to the higher layers.
1560:
increases the probability of concurrent scheduling of nonāinterfering transmissions in a localized area, which results in an immense increase in network throughput. However, the optimum scheduling of concurrent transmission is an
1600:(RLC) protocol, and the MAC protocol. The base station has absolute control over the air interface and schedules the downlink access as well as the uplink access of all devices. The MAC protocol is specified by
1053:(the frames are then "raw"), but compulsory for implementations of other IEEE 802 physical layer standards. Within the hierarchy of the OSI model and IEEE 802 standards, the MAC sublayer provides a
1073:
When sending data to another device on the network, the MAC sublayer encapsulates higher-level frames into frames appropriate for the transmission medium (i.e. the MAC adds a
2104:
2071:
1592:
of a cellular network is at layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model; at layer 2, it is divided into multiple protocol layers. In UMTS and LTE, those protocols are the
2094:
1588:
networks, also use a MAC layer. The MAC protocol in cellular networks is designed to maximize the utilization of the expensive licensed spectrum. The
981:
1844:
1724:
Bilal, Muhammad; et al. (2014). "TimeāSlotted
Scheduling Schemes for Multiāhop Concurrent Transmission in WPANs with Directional Antenna".
1417:
potentially unique address. This makes it possible for frames to be delivered on a network link that interconnects hosts by some combination of
1314:
1924:
1887:
1929:
741:
1972:
1261:
1679:
2210:
2089:
1654:"X.225 : Information technology ā Open Systems Interconnection ā Connection-oriented Session protocol: Protocol specification"
1444:
packet reaches its destination (sub)network, the destination IP address (a layer 3 or network layer concept) is resolved with the
2205:
1710:
516:
2000:
1657:
1210:
974:
701:
480:
1622:
2231:
1837:
831:
826:
796:
282:
277:
150:
1241:
1904:
1617:
1474:
656:
619:
139:
1544:
network, such as today's switched
Ethernet networks, but is often available in the equipment for compatibility reasons.
1089:(bus, ring, mesh, point-to-multipoint topologies), controlling when data is sent and when to wait is necessary to avoid
1874:
1777:
1525:
or channelization-based channel access method is used. The channel access control mechanism relies on a physical layer
1307:
1200:
903:
846:
771:
345:
129:
1804:
3GPP TS 36.321 Evolved
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
2109:
1967:
1246:
913:
883:
330:
233:
2119:
1899:
1593:
1332:
According to IEEE Std 802-2001 section 6.2.3 "MAC sublayer", the primary functions performed by the MAC layer are:
1190:
967:
898:
691:
531:
411:
74:
2081:
2043:
1962:
1882:
1830:
1514:
1251:
1186:
1145:
426:
1982:
1557:
1510:
1195:
1090:
716:
706:
536:
64:
1093:. Additionally, the MAC is also responsible for compensating for collisions by initiating retransmission if a
2236:
2099:
2015:
1939:
1916:
1300:
1266:
1081:
to identify transmission errors, and then forwards the data to the physical layer as soon as the appropriate
836:
816:
766:
416:
401:
267:
228:
124:
1477:
communication, but address fields are included in some point-to-point protocols for compatibility reasons.
756:
751:
746:
406:
350:
238:
177:
2197:
2114:
1680:"IEEE 802-2001 (R2007) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture"
1453:
1445:
1063:
933:
893:
761:
396:
94:
69:
1769:
1181:
1155:
446:
391:
114:
2178:
546:
421:
17:
2173:
1221:
786:
726:
192:
31:
1822:
2241:
1585:
1120:
953:
943:
736:
651:
635:
612:
551:
541:
466:
2183:
1486:
821:
671:
272:
84:
1348:
Protection against errors, generally by means of generating and checking frame check sequences
2168:
1853:
1686:
1627:
1518:
1383:
1283:
1082:
721:
370:
109:
1345:
Transparent data transfer of LLC PDUs, or of equivalent information in the
Ethernet sublayer
2152:
1370:
1205:
1135:
1130:
1078:
1070:, historically any MAC could be used with any PHY, independent of the transmission medium.
1019:
731:
436:
1339:
Addressing of destination stations (both as individual stations and as groups of stations)
8:
1892:
1490:
1054:
1027:
1015:
1011:
197:
104:
1042:
etc), while the MAC provides flow control and multiplexing for the transmission medium.
1733:
1597:
1437:
938:
666:
605:
165:
79:
2051:
2147:
2061:
1865:
1773:
1502:
1467:
networks, both of which are IEEE 802 networks and use IEEE 802 48-bit MAC addresses.
1441:
1166:
1067:
866:
642:
313:
89:
57:
46:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1485:
The channel access control mechanisms provided by the MAC layer are also known as a
2134:
2034:
1743:
1573:
1522:
1236:
1150:
1140:
1086:
1653:
1553:
1509:
point-to-point links. The multiple access method may detect or avoid data packet
1039:
1023:
807:
384:
260:
1747:
1547:
1430:
1426:
1010:, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the
857:
499:
1704:
2225:
1760:
1589:
1434:
306:
211:
1761:
1526:
1498:
1422:
1104:
1066:. Although the MAC block is today typically integrated with the PHY within
1031:
776:
119:
1562:
1541:
1506:
1494:
1471:
1456:(IPv6) into the MAC address (a layer 2 concept) of the destination host.
1408:
571:
566:
561:
485:
456:
2142:
1112:
1094:
1050:
924:
556:
451:
431:
218:
2124:
1815:
3GPP TS 38.321 NR; Medium Access
Control (MAC) protocol specification
1046:
1035:
591:
576:
360:
40:
1489:. This makes it possible for several stations connected to the same
1049:. For compatibility reasons, LLC is optional for implementations of
2056:
1957:
1852:
1738:
1532:
The most widespread multiple access method is the contention-based
1460:
1418:
1413:
1399:
1356:
1074:
995:
1521:
is used, or reserve resources to establish a logical channel if a
1952:
1793:
3GPP TS 25.321 Medium Access
Control (MAC) protocol specification
1533:
1412:; they are based on the addressing scheme that was used in early
292:
223:
144:
1990:
1947:
1632:
887:
781:
680:
660:
511:
506:
334:
134:
98:
2066:
1464:
1256:
908:
686:
526:
521:
355:
340:
243:
187:
182:
1548:
Channel access control mechanism for concurrent transmission
1389:
half-duplex compatibility: append(tx)/remove(rx) MAC address
1604:
in TS 25.321 for UMTS, TS 36.321 for LTE and TS 38.321 for
1601:
1581:
1449:
1403:
876:
871:
841:
791:
711:
676:
581:
475:
471:
461:
365:
323:
318:
287:
172:
1327:
1045:
These two sublayers together correspond to layer 2 of the
1577:
1059:
696:
586:
1605:
1540:
A multiple access method is not required in a switched
1351:
Control of access to the physical transmission medium
1493:to share it. Examples of shared physical media are
1480:
1342:
Conveyance of source-station addressing information
2223:
1764:; Jens Zander; Ki Won Sung; Ben Slimane (2016).
1366:half-duplex retransmission and backoff functions
1077:preamble and also padding if necessary), adds a
1723:
1838:
1308:
975:
613:
27:Service layer in IEEE 802 network standards
1845:
1831:
1315:
1301:
982:
968:
620:
606:
1737:
1393:
1359:, the functions required of a MAC are:
1328:Functions performed in the MAC sublayer
14:
2224:
1382:prepend(tx)/remove(rx) preamble, SFD (
1826:
1766:Fundamentals of Mobile Data Networks
1660:from the original on 1 February 2021
1568:
1398:The local network addresses used in
1022:(LLC) sublayer together make up the
1014:(electrical or optical) or wireless
1754:
1618:Isochronous media access controller
24:
1713:from the original on June 16, 2019
1459:Examples of physical networks are
1085:permits it. For topologies with a
25:
2253:
1594:Packet Data Convergence Protocol
1552:Use of directional antennas and
1481:Channel access control mechanism
1336:Frame delimiting and recognition
1111:
1470:A MAC layer is not required in
1808:
1797:
1786:
1717:
1696:
1672:
1646:
1623:List of channel access methods
1558:wireless personal area network
1363:receive/transmit normal frames
13:
1:
2162:Delay and disruption tolerant
1639:
1440:. Thus, for example, when an
7:
2232:Computer network technology
1611:
1454:Neighbor Discovery Protocol
1446:Address Resolution Protocol
1064:media-independent interface
1034:for the logical link (i.e.
1018:. The MAC sublayer and the
10:
2258:
1770:Cambridge University Press
1748:10.4218/etrij.14.0113.0703
1376:interframe gap enforcement
996:IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards
29:
2196:
2161:
2133:
2080:
2042:
2033:
2014:
1999:
1981:
1938:
1915:
1873:
1864:
1379:discard malformed frames
1222:Statistical multiplexing
32:Mandatory access control
30:Not to be confused with
1068:the same device package
636:Internet protocol suite
2184:Dynamic Source Routing
1854:Channel access methods
1685:. IEEE. Archived from
1487:multiple access method
1284:Channel access methods
1628:MAC-Forced Forwarding
1519:channel access method
1384:start frame delimiter
1289:Medium access control
1083:channel access method
1000:medium access control
2237:Media access control
1858:media access control
1406:networks are called
1394:Addressing mechanism
1371:frame check sequence
1225:(variable bandwidth)
1170:(constant bandwidth)
1079:frame check sequence
1020:logical link control
1008:media access control
2082:Collision avoidance
1556:communication in a
1055:control abstraction
1026:. The LLC provides
1016:transmission medium
2044:Collision recovery
1692:on April 29, 2003.
1598:Radio Link Control
1369:append/check FCS (
166:Presentation layer
2219:
2218:
2198:Duplexing methods
2192:
2191:
2029:
2028:
1574:Cellular networks
1569:Cellular networks
1513:if a packet mode
1503:wireless networks
1325:
1324:
1121:Analog modulation
992:
991:
643:Application layer
630:
629:
58:Application layer
16:(Redirected from
2249:
2040:
2039:
1871:
1870:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1523:circuit-switched
1501:, hub networks,
1317:
1310:
1303:
1237:Packet switching
1226:
1171:
1115:
1101:
1100:
1087:collision domain
984:
977:
970:
632:
631:
622:
615:
608:
49:
37:
36:
21:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2188:
2157:
2129:
2076:
2025:
2010:
1995:
1977:
1934:
1911:
1860:
1851:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1759:
1755:
1722:
1718:
1706:IEEE 802.3-2002
1702:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1614:
1571:
1563:NP-hard problem
1554:millimeter-wave
1550:
1491:physical medium
1483:
1396:
1355:In the case of
1330:
1321:
1271:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1040:802.1Q VLAN tag
1024:data link layer
1006:), also called
988:
808:Transport layer
626:
597:
596:
502:
491:
490:
387:
385:Data link layer
376:
375:
309:
298:
297:
263:
261:Transport layer
252:
251:
214:
203:
202:
168:
157:
156:
60:
44:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2242:Link protocols
2239:
2234:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2135:Collision-free
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
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2059:
2054:
2048:
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2037:
2031:
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2027:
2026:
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2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
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2003:
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1862:
1861:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1807:
1796:
1785:
1779:978-1107143210
1778:
1753:
1732:(3): 374ā384.
1716:
1695:
1671:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:(IEEE 802.1AE)
1630:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1570:
1567:
1549:
1546:
1482:
1479:
1475:point-to-point
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:), and padding
1380:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1329:
1326:
1323:
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1320:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1297:
1294:
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1278:
1277:
1276:Related topics
1273:
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1123:
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861:
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858:Internet layer
854:
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729:
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589:
584:
582:ITU-T G.hn PHY
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
517:ITU-T V-Series
514:
509:
503:
500:Physical layer
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
483:
478:
469:
464:
462:ITU-T G.hn DLL
459:
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429:
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61:
55:
54:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2240:
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2209:
2207:
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2185:
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2132:
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2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:Slotted ALOHA
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
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1889:
1886:
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1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Channel-based
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1829:
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1825:
1816:
1811:
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1649:
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1634:
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1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:air interface
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:ring networks
1496:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1463:networks and
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:network layer
1433:, but not by
1432:
1428:
1424:
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1411:
1410:
1409:MAC addresses
1405:
1402:networks and
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336:
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329:
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312:
311:
308:
307:Network layer
302:
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220:
217:
216:
213:
212:Session layer
207:
206:
199:
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186:
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176:
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171:
170:
167:
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108:
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71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
59:
53:
52:
48:
42:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2035:Packet-based
1857:
1810:
1799:
1788:
1765:
1762:Guowang Miao
1756:
1729:
1726:ETRI Journal
1725:
1719:
1705:
1698:
1687:the original
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1648:
1596:(PDCP), the
1572:
1551:
1539:
1531:
1495:bus networks
1484:
1469:
1458:
1407:
1397:
1354:
1331:
1288:
1242:Dynamic TDMA
1201:Polarization
1189: /
1167:Circuit mode
1105:Multiplexing
1072:
1044:
1032:multiplexing
1028:flow control
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
954:
948:
914:
847:
797:
441:
149:
1542:full-duplex
1507:half-duplex
1472:full-duplex
572:IEEE 802.16
567:IEEE 802.15
562:IEEE 802.11
486:IEEE 802.11
457:Frame Relay
2226:Categories
2143:Token Ring
1739:1801.06018
1640:References
1576:, such as
1515:contention
1511:collisions
1095:jam signal
1091:collisions
1051:IEEE 802.3
925:Link layer
557:IEEE 802.3
481:Q.922 LAPF
452:IEEE 802.3
432:IEEE 802.2
219:Named pipe
2148:Token bus
2125:CSMA/CARP
1703:"4.1.4",
1527:multiplex
1419:repeaters
1047:OSI model
1036:EtherType
592:Bluetooth
577:IEEE 1394
537:SONET/SDH
498:1.
383:2.
361:AppleTalk
305:3.
259:4.
210:5.
164:6.
56:7.
41:OSI model
18:MAC layer
2153:MS-ALOHA
1958:TD-SCDMA
1711:archived
1709:, IEEE,
1664:10 March
1658:Archived
1612:See also
1529:scheme.
1461:Ethernet
1452:, or by
1431:switches
1414:Ethernet
1400:IEEE 802
1357:Ethernet
1075:syncword
151:more....
2105:CSMA/CA
2072:CSMA/CD
2062:R-ALOHA
1991:HC-SDMA
1973:MC-CDMA
1968:FH-CDMA
1963:DS-CDMA
1953:TD-CDMA
1925:MF-TDMA
1893:SC-FDMA
1534:CSMA/CD
1438:routers
1427:bridges
1206:Spatial
955:more...
939:Tunnels
915:more...
848:more...
798:more...
787:TLS/SSL
742:ONC/RPC
679: (
224:NetBIOS
145:NETCONF
1948:W-CDMA
1776:
1633:MACsec
1517:based
1262:SC-FDM
1062:via a
998:, the
782:Telnet
681:HTTP/3
512:RS-449
507:RS-232
474:
335:ICMPv6
135:Telnet
99:HTTP/3
90:Gopher
2174:VANET
2169:MANET
2095:MACAW
2067:AX.25
2052:ALOHA
1930:STDMA
1888:OFDMA
1734:arXiv
1690:(PDF)
1683:(PDF)
1465:Wi-Fi
1267:MC-SS
1257:OFDMA
1012:wired
909:IPsec
687:HTTPS
527:I.431
522:I.430
412:CSLIP
356:IS-IS
341:IPsec
248:X.225
244:SOCKS
188:ASCII
183:ASN.1
47:layer
2100:CSMA
2090:MACA
2016:PAMA
2001:PDMA
1983:SDMA
1940:CDMA
1917:TDMA
1905:WDMA
1875:FDMA
1856:and
1774:ISBN
1666:2023
1602:3GPP
1582:UMTS
1505:and
1450:IPv4
1448:for
1429:and
1423:hubs
1404:FDDI
1252:DSSS
1247:FHSS
1196:SDMA
1030:and
904:IGMP
884:ICMP
842:QUIC
837:RSVP
832:SCTP
827:DCCP
792:XMPP
772:SNMP
767:SMTP
752:RTSP
727:OSPF
717:NNTP
712:MQTT
707:MGCP
702:LDAP
692:IMAP
677:HTTP
657:DHCP
476:LAPB
472:X.25
447:L2TP
427:PLIP
417:SLIP
407:HDLC
402:SDLC
366:X.25
346:IGMP
331:ICMP
324:IPv6
319:IPv4
288:QUIC
283:DCCP
278:SCTP
234:PPTP
173:MIME
140:DHCP
130:SNMP
125:SMTP
115:SMPP
95:HTTP
65:NNTP
2211:FDD
2206:TDD
2179:DTN
2120:HCF
2115:PCF
2110:DCF
1900:WDM
1883:FDM
1744:doi
1586:LTE
1584:or
1578:GSM
1211:OAM
1191:WDM
1187:FDM
1182:TDM
1156:SSB
1146:QAM
1060:PHY
1004:MAC
994:In
949:MAC
944:PPP
934:ARP
899:ECN
894:NDP
822:UDP
817:TCP
777:SSH
762:SIP
757:RIP
747:RTP
737:PTP
732:POP
722:NTP
697:IRC
672:FTP
667:DNS
652:BGP
587:USB
552:DSL
547:OTN
542:PON
532:PDH
467:PPP
442:MAC
437:LLC
422:GFP
397:ARP
392:ATM
371:PLP
351:IPX
293:SPX
273:UDP
268:TCP
239:RTP
229:SAP
198:PGP
193:TLS
178:XDR
120:SSH
110:NTP
105:NFS
85:FTP
80:DNS
75:SSI
70:SIP
45:by
2228::
1772:.
1768:.
1742:.
1730:36
1728:.
1656:.
1608:.
1606:5G
1580:,
1565:.
1497:,
1442:IP
1425:,
1421:,
1151:SM
1141:PM
1136:FM
1131:AM
1038:,
888:v6
877:v6
872:v4
867:IP
661:v6
314:IP
1846:e
1839:t
1832:v
1782:.
1750:.
1746::
1736::
1668:.
1373:)
1316:e
1309:t
1302:v
1002:(
983:e
976:t
969:v
890:)
886:(
683:)
663:)
659:(
621:e
614:t
607:v
337:)
333:(
101:)
97:(
34:.
20:)
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