690:
148:
32:
891:
Mong Mao Long has a total of 81 saophas. Mao Long is currently located near the
Burmese border. (located during the Hso Wak Hpa era saopha No.52) in Yunnan Province, which in the past Counting with the provinces in Burma it is a group of Mong Mao Lung, Mongmit, Mongkawng and Bammaw located nearby.
805:
scholar Sai Kam Möng observes: "Sometimes one of these strove to be the leading kingdom and sometimes all of them were unified into one single kingdom..." The capital of the kingdom shifted from place to place, but most of them were located near the Nam Mao river (the
871:
Ri Mong Ram (different from Chao Chang Nyue, the 37th saopha of Mong Mao Long) and
Mahadevi Phlak Hkam Hsen Mawng, daughter of Sao Tai Lung, the 45th (Sao Pam Myo Pung, his son the 46th saopha, handed over the throne to Hso Kaa Hpa)
72:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
817:
chronicle tradition, recorded very early by Elias (1876), provides a long list with the first ruler of Möng Mao dating from 568 A.D. The dates in Elias for later rulers of Möng Mao do not match very well the dates in
867:
The city has gone through many events. Since the reign of Hso Hkan Hpa, their subsequent saopha have assassinated each other. The struggle for the throne led to Hso Kaa Hpa, son of Sao Chang Nyue from
1671:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 272) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 392): Tho Chi Bwa was a brother of Lord Tho Han Bwa. (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 170): Tho Chi Bwa was a son of Tho Khin Bwa, Lord of Maw.
709:
history, the history of the
Kingdom of Pong is largely legendary and existing chronicles and traditions include conflicting names and dates which have led to different interpretations.
1680:
All the main
Burmese chronicles—(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 297) (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 200) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 424)—give the name as Tho Ngan Bwa, the same name as the
2890:
2269:
801:
The center of power shifted frequently between these smaller states or chieftainships. Sometimes they were unified under one strong leader, sometimes they were not. As the
2049:
Translated by 龚肃政 (Gong
Suzheng); Explained by 杨永生 (Yang Yongsheng) (1988). "银云瑞雾的勐果占璧简史 (Yin yun rui wu de meng guo zhan bi jian shi)" [Chronicle of Guo-zhan-bi].
377:
2268:, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand [Includes a complete translation and introduction to the Ming travelogue "Bai-yi Zhuan", a copy can be found at the
2014:
Daniels, Christian (2006) "Historical memories of a
Chinese adventurer in a Tay chronicle; Usurpation of the throne of a Tay polity in Yunnan, 1573–1584,"
1711:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 291) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 91): Both Tho Kyein Bwa and Tho Bok Bwa were still alive in 1451. Tho Bok Bwa was appointed
75:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
147:
860:
Later,the city became vacant. And was pioneered by Hkun Lai, who came from the city of Mong Ri Mong Ram, the city sited in the region called
2926:
2782:
656:), but most of the time this is a collective name of all the ethnic groups in south west of Yunnan, or specifically refers to Dai people.
587:
U Ting felt dizzy when she was brought to the sky by a bird. The name "Möng Mao" is still used nowadays, as the official Tai Nuea name of
2946:
2717:
1453:
2792:
2712:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2396:
2750:
2697:
2642:
850:
Mong Mao Long, or the white fog of Mong Mao Long, was founded in 56 BC by Hso Hom Hpa, a descendant of the ancient Tai King from
750:"Muang Mao" is sometimes used by authors to refer to the entire group of Tai states along the Chinese-Myanmar frontier including
2344:
2168:
1990:
1925:
732:
300:
724:. This kingdom had asserted some unity over the diversity of ethnic groups residing along the southwest frontier of Yunnan.
2205:
1702:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 291) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 91): Both Tho Kyein Bwa and Tho Bok Bwa were still alive in 1451.
2239:
2129:
Liew, Foon Ming. (1996) "The
Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns (1436–1449): In the Light of Official Chinese Historiography".
83:
583:" means country or place. The "Mao" (ᥛᥣᥝᥰ) was evolved from "dizzy" (ᥛᥝᥰ), it is because the mother of legendary king
2921:
2195:
2062:
641:
96:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Chinese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
2085:胡绍华 (Hu Shaohua) (1984). "试述"百夷"含义的历史演变" [A discuss of the historical evolution of the meaning of "Baiyi"].
2025:
Calcutta: Foreign
Department Press. (Recent facsimile Reprint by Thai government in Chiang Mai University library).
731:
the Möng Mao under Si Lunfa decided to submit to Ming authority. However, Möng Mao revolted in 1386 and led to the
759:
744:
326:
2137:
842:
by
Witthayasakphan and Zhao Hongyun (2001), also provides a fairly detailed local chronicle of Möng Mao.
1122:
Sao Lam Kon Kam Hpa 1448-1461 (son of Hso Ween Hpa but some source told he is the uncle of Hso Wak Hpa)
2337:
91:
20:
2283:, Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore,
2936:
728:
721:
2301:尤中 (You Zhong) (1987). "明朝"三征麓川"叙论" [Introduction of Three Conquests Luchuan by Ming].
2885:
2264:
Wade, Geoff (1996) "The Bai Yi Zhuan: A Chinese Account of Tai Society in the 14th Century,"
313:
112:
2941:
2931:
2330:
813:
The various versions of the Möng Mao Chronicle provide the lineage of Möng Mao rulers. The
370:
2094:
623:
give a new explanation of "Guo-zhan-bi" which is "place that produce fragrant soft rice".
8:
2823:
2787:
2776:
2737:
2322:
705:, as well as with the kingdom of Luh Shwan mentioned in Chinese chronicles. Like most of
689:
2231:
1931:
1856:
Elias, 1876; Daniels, 2006; Bian-zhang-ga, 1990; Witthayasakphan and Zhao Hongyun, 2001
673:
413:
1196:
Hso Pa Hpa (Hso Wen Hpa) 1929-1955 son (ruled with Hso Kyang Hpa and Fang Hkuea Shang)
2316:
2235:
2191:
2164:
2058:
2030:
1986:
1921:
1716:
1241:
606:
562:
522:
454:
87:
2813:
2765:
2227:
2090:
1913:
1247:
1217:
472:
464:
277:
2023:
Introductory Sketch of the History of the Shans in Upper Burma and Western Yunnan.
105:
2867:
2848:
2707:
2480:
2451:
2421:
2210:
713:
702:
678:
636:
506:
2146:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
2118:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
477:
2895:
2863:
2843:
2722:
2687:
2647:
2632:
2540:
2535:
2470:
2357:
755:
537:. The name of the main river in this region is the Nam Mao, also known as the
2915:
2597:
2565:
2490:
2485:
2456:
2376:
2294:
2273:
2266:
14th Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA)
1235:
1068:(He has younger brother name's Sam Lung Kung Maing (Sam Lung Hpa) became the
839:
572:
554:
446:
442:
199:
44:
1935:
1907:
1199:
Hso Kyang Hpa (Thao Kying Pan) 1929-1940 (uncle of Hso Pa Hpa (Hso Wen Hpa))
2853:
2727:
2530:
2520:
2441:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2289:
Witthayasakphan, Sompong and Zhao Hongyun (translators and editors) (2001)
2142:
2114:
1202:
Fang Hkuea Shang 1940-1942 (Hso Pa Hpa (Hso Wen Hpa)'s another uncle) from
924:
885:
884:
mountain range into Assam in India to established a new kingdom called the
855:
834:(Wade, 1996) which are considered more reliable from the time of the ruler
819:
807:
791:
736:
720:
around 1254. The Yuan ruled the region indirectly in what was known as the
717:
538:
173:
169:
2031:"Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)"
2871:
2818:
2745:
2622:
2592:
2353:
2249:
2219:
1917:
830:
814:
802:
740:
706:
605:
as his Buddhistic classical name."Kosambi" is also called "Guo-zhan-bi" (
2317:
Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)
1999:
Bian-zhang-ga. (1990). "Hemeng gumeng: Meng Mao gudai zhuwang shi ." In
2808:
1131:
Hso Pim Hpa (Hso Liu Hpa) his nickname is Kyie-poi-pei-ma 1496-1516 son
824:
620:
486:
94:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2214:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
2838:
2828:
2702:
2555:
2187:
1909:
Repossessing Shanland: Myanmar, Thailand, and a Nation-State Deferred
1058:
900:
877:
861:
851:
2293:, Chiang Mai: Silkworm. (Translation of Mong Mao chronicle into the
2204:
2770:
2760:
2692:
2652:
2495:
2475:
2465:
2401:
2180:
The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: The Cheitharon Kumpapa
873:
701:, was written much later. Some scholars identify Möng Mao with the
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230:
219:
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2500:
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2004:
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1203:
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518:
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403:
249:
206:
153:
2284:
69:
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2183:
2109:
2077:
2051:勐果占璧及勐卯古代诸王史 (Meng guo zhan bi ji meng mao gu dai zhu wang shi)
2008:
1646:
1148:
1064:
Hso Hkan Hpa (Hso Chi Hpa) son of Sao Ai Mo Kang Neng 1220–1250
881:
868:
767:
580:
530:
526:
490:
262:
188:
790:), even though specific place names are almost always used in
2662:
2602:
2254:
Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava: Translation, with Notes
693:
Entry into Ruili, the capital of Mongmao kingdom from Myanmar
598:
588:
534:
510:
502:
399:
395:
184:
1693:(Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 82, 88): Great grandson of Tho Chi Bwa
223:
165:
2352:
2281:
Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource
2074:
History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
2057:: Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House. pp. 1–51.
1896:
Sai Kam Mong, 2004, p. 10, citing Jiang Yingliang, 1983
1739:
Sai Kam Mong, 2004, p. 10, citing Jiang Yingliang, 1983
1178:
Hso Jing Hpa (Hso Hung Hpa) ?-1814 younger brother
414:"World Statesmen.org: Shan and Karenni States of Burma"
1867:
Lak Chang: A Reconstruction of Tai Identity in Daikong
1086:
Sao Xiao Hpa 1284-1285 younger brother of Hso Piam Hpa
854:, who sent his son Hkun Hkam Naw to build the city of
640:
as the name of the administrative division "Luchuan
489:
state that controlled several smaller Tai states or
65:
2140:(2012) . Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.).
1983:
History of the Shan State: From Its Origins to 1962
1111:
Hso Ching Hpa (Hso Tit Hpa, Sao Lwei) 1396-1415 son
1083:
Hso Kam Hpa (Tai Peong, Tai Piam Hpa) 1283-1284 son
1143:Kan Kyaung Hpa 1611-1646 (son of Hso Hkwa Hpa the
1093:(He established the present of the city located)
712:Möng Mao arose in the power vacuum left after the
533:with a capital near the modern-day border town of
2913:
1905:
971:Hkam Sap Hpa (Hkam Lap Hpa) son of Hkam Pong Hpa
923:Sao Hkam Sunt 171-217 son of Sao Hkam Möng from
2124:The History and Development of the Shan Scripts
2087:中央民族学院学报 (Journal of Minzu University of China)
1053:He was the one of descendants from Hkun Su the
2291:Phongsawadan Muang Tai (Khreua Muang ku muang)
2001:Meng Guozhanbi ji Meng Mao gudai zhuwang shi .
648:). Some of literature also called Mong Mao as
90:accompanying your translation by providing an
56:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
2338:
610:
566:
458:
16:Shan state and Tusi chiefdom (abolished 1604)
659:In Burmese literature, Möng Mao was called
626:In Chinese literature, Möng Mao was called
2345:
2331:
2224:The Shan States and the British Annexation
2136:
411:
146:
2163:: Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House.
2028:
1114:Hso Ween Hpa (Hso Ngan Hpa) 1415-1445 son
1046:Pam Yau Pung (Pam Myo Pung) 1203-1210 son
697:The chronicle of this region, titled the
2048:
1980:
1963:
1961:
1784:
1760:
1134:Sao Sai Lung (Hso Hom Hpa) 1516-1533 son
1125:Hso Ham Hpa (Hso Powt Hpa) 1461-1490 son
974:Hkam Sip Hpa (Hkam Suep Hpa) 703-753 bro
965:Ai Dyep That Hpa 638-678 son of Hkun Lai
838:. Bian-zhang-ga (1990), translated into
688:
2218:
2177:
1949:
1844:
1772:
1128:Hso Kaa Hpa (Hso Han Hpa) 1490-1496 son
968:Hkam Pong Hpa 678 son of Sao Hkun Kyunt
950:Hso Hang Hpa 394-420 son of Hso Tan Hpa
579:), which means "Great Muang Mao". The "
152:Territory of Mong Mao in the heyday of
2914:
2071:
2016:International Journal of Asian Studies
1832:
2326:
2178:Saroj Nalini Arambam Parratt (2005).
2095:10.15970/j.cnki.1005-8575.1984.03.022
1958:
1108:Hso Lung Hpa (Tai Lung) 1346-1396 son
2206:Royal Historical Commission of Burma
2150:
2108:
2105:, Chengdu: Sichuan Renmin Chubanshe.
1748:
962:Hkun Lai 568-638 from Mongri Mongram
25:
2927:Former countries in Chinese history
2300:
2248:
1820:
1796:
1209:
13:
2947:Former countries in Indian history
2084:
1859:
1808:
1089:Hso Wak Hpa (Hso Wa Hpa) 1285–1315
14:
2958:
2310:
1912:. University of Wisconsin Press.
1105:Hso Hkli Hpa (Tai Pong) 1339–1346
375:
30:
2038:SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research
1985:. Chiang Mai: Silk Worm Books.
1974:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1850:
1838:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1674:
1665:
601:ancient country, Mong Mao used
576:
450:
2029:Fernquest, Jon (Autumn 2006).
2018:, 3, 1 (2006), pp. 21–48.
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1733:
1049:Sao Ai Mo Kang Neng 1210 -1220
786:
772:
763:
100:You may also add the template
1:
2891:List of rulers of Shan states
2285:http://epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/
2260:: Government Printing, Burma.
2157:Tai Nuea - Chinese Dictionary
2126:, Chiang Mai; Silkworm Books.
1726:
1163:Hso Sueng Hpa ?-1699 son
733:Ming–Mong Mao War (1386–1388)
716:in Yunnan fell to the Mongol
1187:Hso Wing Hpa ?-1894 son
735:. In 1448, a combination of
7:
2802:Related states and outliers
2305:(in Chinese) (4): 58–64+57.
2270:Thailand Information Center
2151:孟尊贤 (Meng Zunxian) (2007).
2080:: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
1172:Hso Yin Hpa ?-1787 son
1034:Sao Hkun Ming 1145-1163 son
1016:Sao Sang Mwun 1081-1096 son
899:Hso Hom Hpa 56BC-24BC from
557:language name, also called
10:
2963:
1190:Hso Klai Hpa 1894-1928 son
1080:Hso Piam Hpa 1250-1283 son
1043:Sao Tai Lung 1188-1203 son
1037:Sao Hkun Kum 1163-1171 son
1028:Sao Lung Chu 1123-1137 bro
1025:Sao Sein Nga 1112-1123 son
1019:Sao Sang Yaw 1096-1103 son
1013:Hso Lung Hpa 1062-1081 son
876:had to evacuated from the
845:
743:, and other allied forces
684:
327:Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
64:Machine translation, like
18:
2881:
2801:
2736:
2676:
2579:
2509:
2430:
2364:
2089:(in Chinese) (3): 85–89.
2011:, Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.
1906:Jane M. Ferguson (2021).
1166:Hso Bin Hpa 1699-1726 son
1040:Sao Tai Pum 1171-1188 son
1031:Sao Nga Chu 1137-1145 son
1022:Hso Tai Hpa 1103-1112 bro
1010:Hso Tai Hpa 1050-1062 son
953:Hso Hkuan Hpa 420-470 son
917:Hso Pung Mung 125-158 son
781:
653:
645:
631:
616:
476:
468:
409:
391:
350:
346:
336:
323:
310:
297:
287:
283:
273:
269:
256:
243:
239:
229:
215:
205:
195:
180:
161:
145:
140:
128:
45:the corresponding article
2922:Former countries in Asia
2279:Wade, Geoff. tr. (2005)
1658:
1193:Hso An Hpa 1928-1929 son
1181:Hso Lueng Hpa 1814-? son
992:Hso Powt Hpa 933-960 son
989:Hso Htao Hpa 901-933 son
983:Hso Hkai Hpa 834-863 son
980:Sao Hkun Hpa 793-834 son
977:Ni Hpa Maung 753-793 son
956:Hso Huan Hpa 470-506 son
941:Hso Kawn Hpa 335-346 bro
938:Hso Kert Hpa 314-335 bro
935:Hso Kern Hpa 294-314 son
929:Sao Sam Myat 217-263 son
905:Hso Loum Hpa 24BC-16 bro
810:" on most maps today)"
544:
21:Mengmao (disambiguation)
2680:Kengtung & Yawnghwe
2133:39/2, pp. 162–203.
2101:Jiang Yingliang (1983)
2003:Gong Xiao Zheng. (tr.)
1550:Sa Ki Pha, Chau Si Pha
1363:brother of Zhao Bingfa
1169:Hso Kyue Hpa 1726-? son
1154:Hso Luan Hpa 1646-? son
1007:Hkun Kwat Hpa 1035–1050
998:Hso Hon Hpa 983-995 son
995:Hso Won Hpa 960-983 son
986:Hso Han Hpa 863-901 son
947:Hso Kaw Hpa 372-394 bro
944:Hso Tan Hpa 346-372 son
932:Hso Mya Hpa 263-294 son
914:Hso Guen Hpa 75-125 son
729:Ming conquest of Yunnan
722:Native Chieftain System
611:
567:
525:principally set in the
459:
111:For more guidance, see
2153:傣汉词典 (Dai han ci dian)
1981:Aung Tun, Sai (2009).
1175:Hso Wan Hpa 1787-? son
911:Hso Tawn Hpa 37-75 son
694:
338:• Disestablished
2886:Federated Shan states
2122:Kam Mong, Sai (2004)
2072:G. E. Harvey (1925).
1140:Sao Poreing 1604–1611
1004:Hso Lip Hpa 1014–1035
908:Hso Wei Hpa 16-37 son
692:
634:), first recorded in
314:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
196:Common languages
113:Knowledge:Translation
84:copyright attribution
2677:Southern Shan States
2580:Southern Shan States
2510:Southern Shan States
2431:Southern Shan States
2365:Northern Shan States
2220:Saimong Mangrai, Sao
2159:] (in Chinese).
1918:10.2307/j.ctv2175gx5
1878:Daniels, 2006, p. 28
1785:Gong & Yang 1988
1761:Gong & Yang 1988
1684:in the 15th century.
1426:grandson of Si Kefa
1097:Ai Puk 1315-1330 son
1001:Hso Hau Hpa 995–1014
671:literature, such as
371:First Toungoo Empire
102:{{Translated|zh|孟卯}}
19:For other uses, see
2824:Siamese Shan States
2738:Chinese Shan States
1715:of Mohnyin by King
1118:Vacant 1445–1448
1101:Vacant 1330–1339
745:subjugated Möng Mao
681:refer to Mong Mao.
619:) in Ruili, modern
445::𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫𑜉𑜧𑜨,
412:Ben Cahoon (2000).
289:• Established
2319:, by Jon Fernquest
2232:Cornell University
1967:Fernquest 2006: 36
1955:Aung Tun 2009: 103
699:Möng Mao Chronicle
695:
674:Cheitharol Kumbaba
591:(ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ).
92:interlanguage link
2909:
2908:
2170:978-7-5367-3790-7
2021:Elias, N. (1876)
1992:978-974-9511-43-5
1927:978-0-299-33300-3
1865:Yos Santasombat,
1847:, pp. 29, 41
1717:Narapati I of Ava
1656:
1655:
1160:Hso Kyoen Hpa son
1157:Hso Kying Hpa son
856:Oung Pawng-Hsipaw
828:(Wade, 2005) and
523:Arunachal Pradesh
429:
428:
387:
386:
383:
382:
301:Ming-Mong Mao War
258:• 1500–1533
245:• 1335–1365
124:
123:
57:
53:
2954:
2814:Singaling Hkamti
2513:Central Division
2434:Eastern Division
2347:
2340:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2306:
2276:Central Library)
2261:
2245:
2228:Ithaca, New York
2215:
2201:
2174:
2147:
2119:
2098:
2081:
2068:
2045:
2035:
1996:
1968:
1965:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1823:, pp. 38–39
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1511:Tho Ngan Bwa II
1214:
1213:
1210:List of Monarchs
1184:Hso Suan Hpa son
1137:Vacant 1533–1604
822:sources such as
788:
783:
774:
765:
752:Luchuan-Pingmian
655:
647:
644:" (Chinese:
633:
618:
614:
578:
570:
505:, the states of
485:, was an ethnic
480:
470:
462:
452:
424:
422:
420:
379:
378:
367:
366:
352:
351:
278:Late Middle Ages
150:
135:
126:
125:
103:
97:
70:Google Translate
55:
51:
34:
33:
26:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2877:
2868:Western Karenni
2797:
2732:
2678:
2672:
2584:Myelat Division
2581:
2575:
2511:
2505:
2432:
2426:
2360:
2351:
2313:
2303:思想战线 (Thinking)
2242:
2211:Hmannan Yazawin
2198:
2171:
2131:Oriens Extremus
2065:
2033:
1993:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1649:
1599:
1574:
1556:
1546:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1483:
1456:
1444:
1443:Tho Ngan Bwa I
1416:
1380:
1353:
1326:
1299:
1289:
1261:
1236:Tai Lông (Shan)
1212:
848:
714:Kingdom of Dali
703:Kingdom of Pong
687:
615:, Chinese:
577:မိူင်းမၢဝ်းလူင်
547:
507:Northeast India
497:of what is now
434:, also spelled
425:
418:
416:
402:
398:
376:
339:
329:
316:
303:
290:
259:
246:
166:Native chiefdom
157:
136:
133:
131:
120:
119:
118:
101:
95:
58:
52:(February 2021)
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Tusi in Yunnan
2934:
2929:
2924:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2896:Princely state
2893:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2864:Karenni States
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:petty kingdoms
2350:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2311:External links
2309:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2287:
2277:
2262:
2246:
2241:978-0877270577
2240:
2216:
2202:
2196:
2175:
2169:
2148:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2106:
2099:
2082:
2069:
2063:
2053:(in Chinese).
2046:
2026:
2019:
2012:
1997:
1991:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1957:
1948:
1926:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1858:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1751:, p. 1347
1741:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1722:
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1704:
1695:
1686:
1673:
1663:
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1596:
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1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:Tho Kyein Bwa
1543:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:သိူဝ်ဝဵၼ်းၾႃႉ
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1446:
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1435:
1429:
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1421:
1418:
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1400:
1394:
1391:
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1376:
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1371:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:သိူဝ်ၶၢၼ်ႇၾႃႉ
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:Vacant 506–568
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
921:
920:Vacant 158–171
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
847:
844:
784:; pinyin:
780:(Chinese:
686:
683:
652:(Chinese:
630:(Chinese:
568:ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ
546:
543:
535:Ruili/Meng Mao
491:chieftainships
427:
426:
410:
407:
406:
393:
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
373:
364:
361:
360:
355:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
333:
330:
324:
321:
320:
317:
311:
308:
307:
304:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
275:
274:Historical era
271:
270:
267:
266:
260:
257:
254:
253:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
226:
217:
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
182:
178:
177:
163:
159:
158:
151:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ
132:
130:Muang Mao Lông
129:
122:
121:
117:
116:
109:
98:
76:
73:
62:
59:
40:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2959:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:(17c. - 20c.)
2778:
2775:
2773:(13c. - 15c.)
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2295:Thai language
2292:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:Chulalongkorn
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2197:0-203-44427-2
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2064:7-5367-0352-X
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1964:
1962:
1952:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1835:, p. 322
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1736:
1732:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:သိုကျိန်ဘွား
1544:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1516:Hso Ngan Pha
1515:
1510:
1508:
1507:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥝᥥᥢᥰ ᥜᥣᥳ
1504:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:Hsö-Long-Hpa
1447:
1442:
1440:
1439:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ᥜᥣᥳ
1437:Se-Loong-Faa
1436:
1434:
1433:သိူဝ်လူင်ၾႃႉ
1430:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:သိူဝ်ဝၵ်ႉၾႃႉ
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1293:Hsö-Khan-Pha
1292:
1287:
1285:
1284:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥑᥣᥢᥱ ᥜᥣᥳ
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
926:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
902:
898:
897:
896:
893:
889:
887:
883:
880:. Across the
879:
875:
870:
865:
863:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
837:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
809:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
779:
775:
769:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
691:
682:
680:
677:use the name
676:
675:
670:
666:
662:
657:
651:
643:
639:
638:
629:
624:
622:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
574:
569:
564:
560:
559:Möng Mao Lông
556:
552:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
474:
466:
461:
456:
448:
444:
440:
437:
433:
415:
408:
405:
401:
397:
394:
392:Today part of
390:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
363:
362:
359:
356:
354:
353:
349:
345:
341:
335:
331:
328:
322:
318:
315:
309:
305:
302:
296:
292:
286:
282:
279:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
255:
251:
248:
242:
238:
234:
232:
228:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
208:
204:
201:
200:Tai languages
198:
194:
190:
187:(present-day
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:period (1360)
155:
149:
144:
139:
127:
114:
110:
107:
99:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
61:
60:
54:
48:
46:
41:You can help
37:
28:
27:
22:
2679:
2582:
2512:
2442:Kehsi Mansam
2433:
2392:South Hsenwi
2387:North Hsenwi
2372:Hsenwi State
2356:and related
2302:
2290:
2280:
2265:
2253:
2223:
2209:
2179:
2156:
2152:
2143:Yazawin Thit
2141:
2130:
2123:
2115:Maha Yazawin
2113:
2102:
2086:
2073:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2022:
2015:
2000:
1982:
1975:Bibliography
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1936:j.ctv2175gx5
1908:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1852:
1845:Parratt 2005
1840:
1828:
1816:
1811:, p. 86
1804:
1799:, p. 58
1792:
1780:
1775:, p. 37
1773:Mangrai 1965
1768:
1756:
1744:
1735:
1712:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1632:1500s?–1533
1598:Tho Han Bwa
1585:1465?–1479?
1575:သိုပုတ်ဘွား
1573:Tho Bok Bwa
1520:Hsö-Wen-Pha
1518:Sa Ngam Pha
1506:
1505:Se-Ween-Faa
1500:
1487:1413–1445/6
1438:
1432:
1431:Sua-Lông-Fā
1410:Hsö-Wak-Pha
1404:ᥔᥫᥴ ᥝᥐᥳ ᥜᥣᥳ
1403:
1397:
1290:သိုချည်ဘွား
1288:Tho Chi Bwa
1283:
1282:Se-Xaan-Faa
1277:
1276:Sua-Khān-Fā
1253:Other names
1149:Wanmaw state
1144:
1117:
1100:
1092:
1069:
1067:
1054:
1052:
894:
890:
886:Ahom Kingdom
866:
859:
849:
829:
823:
820:Ming dynasty
812:
800:
785:
771:
751:
749:
741:Sipsongpanna
726:
718:Yuan Dynasty
711:
698:
696:
672:
664:
660:
658:
649:
635:
627:
625:
612:ᥐᥨᥝᥰ ᥓᥛᥱ ᥙᥤᥱ
602:
593:
558:
549:Möng Mao is
548:
539:Shweli River
482:
438:
435:
431:
430:
417:. Retrieved
358:Succeeded by
357:
263:Hso Lung Hpa
88:edit summary
79:
50:
42:
2942:Shan States
2932:Tai history
2872:Kantarawadi
2819:Hkamti Long
2746:Chiang Hung
2593:Hsamonghkam
2354:Shan States
2250:Taw Sein Ko
1833:Harvey 1925
1787:, p. 1
1763:, p. 6
1600:သိုဟန်ဘွား
1499:Sua-Wen-Fā
1402:Se-Vak-Faa
1396:Sua-Wak-Fā
1352:Zhao Xiaofa
1298:Zhao Bingfa
1229:Succession
874:Hso Kaa Hpa
831:Baiyi Zhuan
483:Mao Kingdom
451:မိူင်းမၢဝ်း
224:tusi system
2916:Categories
2809:Hsawnghsup
2783:Mong-Santa
2138:Maha Sithu
2103:Daizu Shi
1887:Wade, 2005
1727:References
1582:Si Hongfa
1513:သိုငံဘွား
1469:abdicated
1460:1404–1413
1445:သိုငံဘွား
1420:1382–1399
1303:1371–1378
1265:1340–1371
1204:Mong Hkawn
825:Ming Shilu
756:Muang Yang
727:After the
621:Dai people
589:Ruili City
529:region of
493:along the
306:1380 –1388
216:Government
207:Demonym(s)
47:in Chinese
2839:Mongkawng
2829:Wa States
2718:Hsenmawng
2708:Mongyawng
2703:Kengcheng
2556:Nawngwawn
2481:Mongnawng
2452:Kengtawng
2422:Tawngpeng
2208:(2003) .
2188:Routledge
2112:(2006) .
1749:Meng 2007
1639:murdered
1607:Si Lufa?
1538:executed
1530:1445/6–?
1496:executed
1490:29 years
1454:Si Xingfa
1423:17 years
1393:murdered
1366:murdered
1339:murdered
1268:31 years
1074:Möngkawng
1059:Nawng Hsè
901:Nawng Hsè
895:Saophas:
878:Koshanpye
862:Koshanpye
852:Nawng Hsè
798:sources.
667:. In the
481:) or the
469:မိုင်းမော
460:ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ
432:Muang Mao
332:1436–1449
319:1397–1398
252:( first )
141:1256–1604
106:talk page
2844:Mongyang
2793:Mong-Yin
2788:Mangshih
2771:Mong Mao
2761:Mong Lem
2723:Monghsat
2713:Hsenyawt
2693:Yawnghwe
2688:Kengtung
2653:Pangtara
2541:Mongping
2536:Lawksawk
2496:Mongpawn
2476:Kenghkam
2471:Mongkung
2466:Mongsang
2417:Mongtung
2412:Monglong
2407:Mongleng
2397:Hsumhsai
2252:(1899).
2222:(1965).
1941:18 March
1869:, p. 3-4
1821:Taw 1899
1797:You 1987
1610:1482?–?
1493:brother
1482:Si Renfa
1463:9 years
1415:Si Lunfa
1390:brother
1357:1379/80
1330:1378/79
1325:Tai Bian
1312:natural
1306:8 years
1273:natural
773:Mèngyǎng
754:(麓川平緬),
665:Maw Shan
607:Tai Nuea
563:Tai Nuea
551:Tai Nuea
515:Nagaland
495:frontier
455:Tai Nuea
265:( last )
231:Chao Pha
220:Monarchy
82:provide
2777:Mengmao
2766:Mong-La
2751:Hsikwan
2698:Hsihkip
2643:Namhkom
2638:Namhkai
2628:Mawnang
2613:Loilong
2598:Kyawkku
2551:Namhkok
2546:Mongpai
2526:Hsatung
2501:Mongsit
2491:Mongpan
2486:Mongnai
2462:Monghsu
2457:Mawkmai
2447:Kenglon
2402:Manglon
2377:Mongmit
2258:Rangoon
2161:Kunming
2110:Kala, U
2055:Kunming
2005:Kunming
1809:Hu 1984
1629:Si Lun
1560:1449–?
1555:Si Bufa
1525:Si Jifa
1379:Si Wafa
1360:1 year
1333:1 year
1259:Si Kefa
1248:Burmese
1242:Tai Nua
1226:Length
1218:Chinese
882:Pad Kai
846:Saophas
836:Si Kefa
796:Burmese
776:), and
760:Chinese
707:Tai Yai
685:History
669:Manipur
642:Circuit
637:Yuanshi
628:Luchuan
603:Kosambi
597:was an
595:Kosambi
519:Manipur
499:Myanmar
473:Chinese
465:Burmese
404:Myanmar
325:•
312:•
299:•
250:Si Kefa
211:Tai-Mao
181:Capital
176:dynasty
154:Si Kefa
104:to the
86:in the
49:.
2901:Saopha
2859:Wuntho
2854:Wanmaw
2834:Kokang
2756:Momien
2728:Mongpu
2668:Yengan
2658:Pangmi
2648:Namtok
2633:Mawson
2618:Loimaw
2608:Loi ai
2571:Wanyin
2531:Laihka
2521:Hopong
2382:Hsipaw
2238:
2194:
2184:London
2167:
2078:London
2061:
2009:Yunnan
1989:
1934:
1924:
1713:sawbwa
1682:sawbwa
1647:Sawlon
1232:Death
1223:Years
1145:saopha
1070:saopha
1055:saopha
925:Hsipaw
808:Shweli
787:Mùbāng
778:Hsenwi
770::
768:pinyin
762::
609::
599:Indian
565::
531:Yunnan
527:Dehong
475::
457::
419:7 July
235:
189:Yunnan
168:under
162:Status
2663:Poila
2603:Kyong
2566:Samka
2561:Sakoi
2155:[
2034:(PDF)
1932:JSTOR
1659:Notes
1650:စလုံ
1250:name
1244:Name
1238:Name
1220:name
650:Baiyi
545:Names
511:Assam
503:China
400:India
396:China
185:Ruili
66:DeepL
2849:Pong
2236:ISBN
2192:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2044:(2).
1987:ISBN
1943:2023
1922:ISBN
1557:思卜發
1535:son
1527:思機發
1484:思任發
1466:son
1457:思行發
1417:思倫發
1381:思瓦發
1354:昭肖發
1336:son
1309:son
1300:昭併發
1262:思可法
1076:)
869:Mong
840:Thai
815:Shan
803:Shan
794:and
792:Ming
737:Ming
679:Pong
585:Chao
581:Möng
573:Shan
555:Shan
553:and
521:and
447:Shan
443:Ahom
436:Möng
421:2014
342:1604
293:1256
174:Ming
172:and
170:Yuan
80:must
78:You
2623:Maw
2272:at
2091:doi
1914:doi
1327:臺扁
1147:of
1072:of
1057:of
663:or
661:Maw
646:麓川路
617:果占璧
509:of
487:Dai
439:Mao
68:or
2918::
2256:.
2234:.
2230::
2226:.
2190:.
2186::
2182:.
2076:.
2040:.
2036:.
2007:,
1960:^
1930:.
1920:.
1387:?
1384:?
888:.
864:.
782:木邦
766:;
764:孟養
747:.
739:,
654:百夷
632:麓川
575::
571:;
541:.
517:,
513:,
501:,
478:勐卯
471:;
467::
463:;
453:;
449::
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2464:/
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2244:.
2200:.
2173:.
2097:.
2093::
2067:.
2042:4
1995:.
1945:.
1916::
1719:.
1151:)
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758:(
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441:(
423:.
191:)
115:.
108:.
23:.
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