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114:) where she attempted to bathe her children in and drink from a spring she found there. But the local people tried to stop her, stirring the bottom of the spring so that the mud would come up. Enraged over their lack of hospitality, Leto turned them all into frogs, forever doomed to swim and hop in the murky waters of the spring.
310:, built in 1670, which depicts the myth; on the top tier stands a statue of Leto with her children Artemis and Apollo surrounded by six lead half-human, half-frog sculptures placed around the perimeter of the basin. The four tiers are covered in 230 pieces of marble, composed of the white and grey-veined
294:
art, as it allowed a combination of mythology with landscape painting and scenes of peasantry, combining history painting and genre painting. In later art, the Lycian peasants became the scene in which Leto exclusively appeared in. In paintings, Leto is usually portrayed with the two little children
253:, up in the Xanthos valley, which seems to be a Hellenistic innovation. Stitching those fragments together, a story can be assembled, in which the twins are born in Araxa, Leto comes to Xanthos, the wolves lead her to the water, while Syessa offers her food, and Leto finally establishes her shrine.
120:
implied that the birth of the twins took place between her two visits to Lycia, the first in which she was rejected, and the second where she returned to enact her punishment. Antoninus
Liberalis mentions that the spring Leto tried to drink from on her way to the river Xanthos was called Melite;
261:
Xenia, in an ancient Greek concept, is understood to mean 'guest-friendship' or 'ritualized friendship', and was an institutionalized relationship rooted in generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity. Offering hospitality to strangers, whether ethnic Greeks or foreigners, was seen as a moral
265:
The Lycian peasants, who callously attempted to stop a fatigued mother and her young children from using the water of the pond thus broke a very sacred rule and concept of ancient Greek culture, and thus paid by being transformed into creatures that were regarded as hideous and disgusting.
214:
origin instead. Although not explicitly stated, it is implied, and apparently understood in antiquity, that the site where the confrontation between Leto and the
Lycians took place was the same where the Letoon was erected, as the description matches geography.
426:
121:
after being driven away by cattle herders who wished to keep the water for their cattle, some wolves befriended her and led her to the
Xanthos, where she bathed her children. She then returned to the spring to transform the Lycians into frogs.
262:
obligation, and was based on two basic rules; the respect of the hosts towards the guests, who must provide a meal, bath and gifts, and the respect of the guests towards the hosts, who have to be courteous and not overstay their welcome.
248:
recounts a story of how an elderly Lycian woman named Syessa received and entertained Leto in her cottage, a sharp contrast to the unhospitable peasants, like the wolves; Polycharmos held that Apollo and Leto had been both born in
461:
169:
Leto was particularly worshipped in Lycia, and was seen as the 'national deity' of the
Lycians, and similarly Lycia was an important cult center for her two children as well. Leto had an important sanctuary, the
241:
as the sources for his tale, Leto's arrival in Lycia can be dated to around the early fourth century BC, a period during which the city of
Xanthos would have been a mixed settlement of Greeks and local Lycians.
66:, or hospitality, as well as Leto's special connection to the land of Lycia. The impious Lycians refuse to exercise hospitality, the ritualized guest-friendship termed xenia by the ancient Greeks, or else
19:
282:
In post-antiquity art, the myth of Leto's transformation of the peasants into frogs of the pond became very popular, the most popular depiction of Leto. This scene, dubbed called
222:, and held that the land had taken its name after the friendly wolves who, unlike the rejecting humans, showed hospitality to Leto. Similarly, Leto's son Apollo bore the epithet
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by the lake, while the peasants, about to be changed into frogs, are in a short distance away from her.
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The region's name Lycia had been (erroneously) connected by the ancient Greeks to their word for wolf,
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42. Vol. I: Books 1-8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller, revised by G. P. Goold. Cambridge, MA:
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The story of the Lycian peasants is a short one; legend says that after a very troubling labour on
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1094:. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series. Vol. 1. Leiden, the Netherlands:
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The
Stranger's Welcome: Oral Theory and the Aesthetics of the Homeric Hospitality Scene
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148:. The anonymous author is the only one to record the variation with Demeter.
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178:, along the Xanthos river. Traditionally, the etymology offered for Leto's (
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The Mirror of the Gods, How
Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods
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341:("Transformation of the Lycian Peasants into Frogs") by Austrian composer
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The
Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis: A Translation with a Commentary
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1427:. Translated by H.C. Hamilton, Esq. London: George Bell & Sons.
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by the people there. The myth tackles the ancient Greek concept of
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Graf, Fritz (2006). Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth (eds.).
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The
Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Latona)
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322:. A copy of the Latona fountain was built in the gardens of
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Thanks to
Antoninus Liberalis citing the earlier writers
1116:
Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary
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791:. Translated by Christine F. Salazar. Columbus, Ohio.
999:
831:
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referenceworks-brillonline-com.idm.oclc.org/subjects
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Greek Mythology: An Encyclopedia of Myth and Legend
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58:, who was prohibited from drinking from a pond in
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611:
3277:
1080:translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992).
24:Latona transforms the Lycian peasants into frogs
202:, meaning 'wife', although other scholars like
370:Leto in the Fountain on Herreninsel, Chiemsee.
3306:Metamorphoses into animals in Greek mythology
1496:
1003:Restauration des marbres du basin de Latone
339:Verwandlung der lycischen Bauern in Frösche
337:The tale has also inspired music, like the
1503:
1489:
1140:"The Arrival of the Goddess Leto in Lycia"
128:records the story and supplants Leto with
1320:
1296:Johnston, Sarah Iles (December 3, 2018).
1277:. Translated by Thomas Michael Hartmann.
1270:
1225:The Combat Myth in the Book of Revelation
1222:Collins, Adela Yarbro (August 13, 2001).
1144:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
1082:Online version at the Topos Text Project.
962:
946:
857:. Anton Powell. London: Routledge. 1995.
1430:Online version at Perseus.tufts Library.
1396:
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1078:The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis
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1435:Tovey, Donald Francis (May 31, 2013).
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387:, ca. 1605, by Jan Brueghel the Elder.
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198:) name has even been the Lycian word
174:, in Lycia, just west of the city of
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1000:Chateau de Versailles (2014-07-05).
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3296:Mythological people from Anatolia
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1421:(1903). W. Falconer, M.A. (ed.).
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1512:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology
1468:
1092:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
980:"History of the Latona Fountain"
516:
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469:Latona and the peasants of Lycia
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434:Latona and the Peasants of Lycia
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1090:(2009). Lucien van Beek (ed.).
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278:Fountain of Latona, Versailles.
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358:Latona and the Lycian Peasants
284:Latona and the Lycian Peasants
256:
156:
40:Latona and the Lycian peasants
1:
1324:Gods, Goddesses and Mythology
1228:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
797:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e702410
634:Collection of Transformations
552:
419:Leto and the Lycian peasants.
1321:Littleton, C. Scott (2005).
1029:"Herrenchiemsee Palace Park"
906:University of Michigan Press
343:Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf
194:
151:
85:
7:
1252:. Vol. 2: Commentary.
481:
140:, who had been snatched by
10:
3342:
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1397:Stoneman, Richard (1995).
454:Latona by Joshua Cristall.
352:
183:
110:(a region in southwestern
98:took her newborn infants,
3326:Culture of ancient Greece
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2011:
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1371:The Vatican Mythographers
1368:Pepin, Ronald E. (2008).
1271:Impelluso, Lucia (2002).
1197:Celoria, Francis (1992).
290:, became very popular in
76:'s rendition in the poem
3301:Metamorphoses characters
1380:Fordham University Press
1361:Harvard University Press
1304:Harvard University Press
1113:Bell, Robert E. (1991).
1281:for the United States.
1254:Oxford University Press
1249:Early Greek Mythography
1180:Oxford University Press
314:, greenish marble from
42:, is a short tale from
1357:Loeb Classical Library
1274:Gods and Heroes in Art
1174:Bull, Malcolm (2005).
982:. chateauversailles.fr
885:: CS1 maint: others (
440:, 1721, oil on canvas.
326:, a palace complex in
318:, and red marble from
279:
269:
246:Stephanos of Byzantium
166:
106:, and crossed over to
31:
1138:Bryce, T. R. (1983).
900:Reece, Steve (1993).
510:Ancient Greece portal
300:Gardens of Versailles
277:
235:Menecrates of Ephesus
164:
126:Vatican Mythographers
26:, Palazzo dei Musei (
22:
2733:Menippe and Metioche
1477:at Wikimedia Commons
1088:Beekes, Robert S. P.
401:Fountain of Latona,
288:Latona and the Frogs
2885:Baucis and Philemon
2258:Tyrrhenian pirates
1302:. London, England:
1074:Antoninus Liberalis
937:, pp. 266–268.
733:, pp. 858–859.
630:Antoninus Liberalis
532:Baucis and Philemon
524:Ancient Rome portal
208:Robert S. P. Beekes
2753:Pyramus and Thisbe
2638:Arethusa (Boeotia)
1441:. Read Books Ltd.
1438:The Forms of Music
1329:Marshall Cavendish
1279:Getty Publications
1096:Brill Publications
292:Northern Mannerist
280:
167:
165:Temples at Letoon.
144:, the king of the
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1728:Cycnus of Liguria
1723:Cycnus of Colonae
1713:Cycnus of Aetolia
1578:Agrius and Oreius
1473:Media related to
1403:. Diamond Books.
1389:978-0-8232-2892-8
1313:978-0-674-98955-9
1299:The Story of Myth
1244:Fowler, Robert L.
1105:978-90-04-17420-7
1033:herrenchiemsee.de
210:have suggested a
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2799:Hermaphroditus
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2598:
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2587:Teumessian fox
2584:
2579:
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2542:Lyco and Orphe
2539:
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2416:Cephalus' wife
2413:
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2365:Mulberry fruit
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2015:
2013:
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1985:
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1965:
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1718:Cycnus of Ares
1715:
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1458:External links
1456:
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1263:978-0198147411
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947:Littleton 2005
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94:, the goddess
87:
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2:
3338:
3327:
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3321:Apollo in art
3319:
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3302:
3299:
3297:
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3281:
3266:
3265:Metamorphoses
3263:
3262:
3259:
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3250:
3248:
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3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
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3222:
3219:
3217:
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3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Cumaean Sibyl
3194:
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3187:
3181:
3178:
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3110:
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2190:
2187:
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2177:
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2167:
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2164:Melian nymphs
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
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2137:
2135:
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2017:
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2014:
2010:
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1961:
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1956:
1954:
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1941:
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1934:
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1911:
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1656:
1654:
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1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Arne Sithonis
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
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1494:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1448:9781473390072
1444:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1410:9780261666528
1406:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:New York City
1373:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1352:Metamorphoses
1348:
1344:
1340:
1338:0-7614-7565-6
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1288:9780892367023
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1235:1-57910-716-8
1231:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1214:0-415-06896-7
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1189:0-19-521923-6
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1130:9780874365818
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1009:
1005:
1004:
996:
981:
975:
968:
964:
959:
952:
948:
943:
936:
931:
924:
920:
919:Johnston 2018
915:
907:
904:. Ann Arbor:
903:
896:
888:
882:
874:
870:
866:
864:0-203-04216-6
860:
856:
855:
848:
841:
837:
832:
830:
822:
818:
813:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
772:
768:
767:Stoneman 1995
763:
756:
751:
744:
739:
732:
727:
721:
717:
714:
713:
708:
703:
696:
691:
689:
681:
677:
672:
665:
661:
656:
650:, p. 35.
649:
644:
638:
635:
631:
626:
619:
614:
607:
603:
598:
591:
587:
582:
576:
573:
572:
571:Metamorphoses
567:
562:
558:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
514:
511:
500:
497:
486:
474:
470:
463:
458:
449:
444:
439:
435:
428:
423:
414:
409:
404:
396:
391:
386:
379:
374:
365:
360:
357:
356:
350:
348:
347:Metamorphoses
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
293:
289:
285:
276:
267:
263:
254:
252:
247:
243:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
190:
181:
180:Ancient Greek
177:
173:
163:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
119:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
83:
81:
80:
79:Metamorphoses
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
29:
25:
21:
3216:Milk of Hera
3180:Periclymenus
2787:Opposite sex
2148:
1437:
1422:
1399:
1370:
1350:
1323:
1298:
1273:
1248:
1224:
1199:
1175:
1165:February 13,
1163:. Retrieved
1147:
1143:
1115:
1091:
1077:
1067:Bibliography
1048:
1038:February 13,
1036:. Retrieved
1032:
1023:
1012:. Retrieved
1002:
995:
984:. Retrieved
974:
958:
942:
930:
914:
901:
895:
853:
847:
812:
800:. Retrieved
788:
778:
762:
757:, p. 4.
750:
745:, p. 3.
738:
726:
710:
702:
697:, p. 1.
676:Collins 2001
671:
655:
648:Celoria 1992
643:
633:
625:
620:, p. 2.
613:
597:
581:
569:
561:
542:Milk of Hera
468:
433:
384:
346:
338:
336:
297:
287:
283:
281:
264:
260:
244:
232:
227:
219:
217:
199:
168:
123:
116:
89:
77:
67:
39:
35:
33:
23:
3230:False myths
3114:Psalacantha
2950:Eteocleides
2577:Propoetides
2502:Britomartis
2385:White raven
1973:Polytechnus
1424:Geographica
836:Fowler 2013
817:Fowler 2013
731:Beekes 2009
712:Geographica
588:, pp.
306:, lies the
257:Hospitality
157:Lycian Leto
124:One of the
3280:Categories
3165:Greek gods
3084:Oechalides
3049:Messapians
3009:Hyacinthus
2992:Hesperides
2920:Cyparissus
2567:Polydectes
2262:Aethalides
2134:Hippomenes
1968:Polyphonte
1903:Oenotropae
1853:Memnonides
1848:Meleagrids
1783:Hippodamia
1638:Ascalaphus
1603:Alcyonides
1178:. Oxford:
1055:, p.
1053:Tovey 2013
1014:2019-11-05
986:2019-11-10
965:, p.
949:, p.
921:, p.
838:, p.
819:, p.
769:, p.
755:Bryce 1983
743:Bryce 1983
695:Bryce 1983
678:, p.
662:, p.
660:Pepin 2008
618:Bryce 1983
604:, p.
602:Pepin 2008
553:References
547:Polyphemus
403:Versailles
146:Underworld
138:Persephone
112:Asia Minor
16:Greek myth
3252:Rhodanthe
3242:Amethyste
3158:Voluntary
3079:Narcissus
3019:Leucothoe
2980:Phaethusa
2819:Siproites
2809:Leucippus
2601:Landforms
2557:Pandareus
2517:Cragaleus
2477:Anaxarete
2431:Myrmidons
2394:Humanoids
2345:Charybdis
2267:Alcimedon
2239:Theophane
2159:Melanippe
2109:Galanthis
2074:Cephissus
2049:Ascalabus
2044:Aristaeus
2012:Non-avian
1988:Schoeneus
1958:Philomela
1933:Peristera
1913:Pandareus
1893:Nyctimene
1843:Megaletor
1788:Hyperippe
1763:Harpalyce
1758:Harmothoë
1733:Daedalion
1633:Artemiche
1608:Alectryon
1205:Routledge
935:Bull 2005
881:cite book
802:April 19,
586:Bell 1991
320:Languedoc
212:pre-Greek
189:romanized
152:Symbolism
86:Mythology
69:theoxenia
3221:Pleiades
3109:Platanus
3099:Picolous
3034:Lycurgus
3002:Erytheia
2970:Lampetia
2965:Dioxippe
2955:Heliades
2930:Diopatra
2865:Ambrosia
2860:Amaracus
2850:Agdistis
2829:Tiresias
2814:Salmacis
2773:Selemnus
2763:Rhodopis
2743:Perimele
2693:Comaetho
2678:Castalia
2673:Calliste
2608:Achelous
2512:Cercopes
2467:Aglaurus
2462:Aconteus
2411:Cymodoce
2406:Calliste
2340:Antigone
2335:Achilles
2292:Opheltes
2254:Tithonus
2244:Tiresias
2229:Pompilus
2224:Phoenice
2209:Pentheus
2204:Odysseus
2174:Minyades
2119:Harmonia
2104:Cynosura
2084:Cercopes
2079:Cerambus
2069:Callisto
2054:Atalanta
2003:Timandra
1983:Rhexenor
1963:Pleiades
1953:Philaeus
1943:Pierides
1928:Periphas
1908:Ortygius
1878:Neophron
1873:Munichus
1868:Minyades
1768:Harpasus
1708:Ctesylla
1683:Chelidon
1678:Cerberus
1648:Autonous
1618:Antigone
1588:Alcander
1563:Aegypius
1558:Aegolius
1543:Acanthus
1538:Acanthis
1349:(1916).
1246:(2013).
1154:: 1–13.
1121:ABC-Clio
1008:Archived
873:52295939
482:See also
239:Nicander
3237:Acantha
3170:Kobalos
3094:Phyllis
3089:Philyra
3074:Myrsine
3024:Libanus
2890:Calamus
2875:Anethus
2870:Ampelus
2794:Caeneus
2778:Sybaris
2758:Rhodope
2728:Marsyas
2718:Lilaeus
2653:Asteria
2633:Alpheus
2613:Acheron
2582:Pyrrhus
2572:Proetus
2562:Phineus
2537:Lethaea
2532:Laelaps
2522:Daphnis
2507:Calydon
2492:Aspalis
2487:Arsinoë
2482:Ariadne
2472:Alcmene
2441:Spartoi
2436:Nephele
2426:Leleges
2421:Galatea
2277:Epopeus
2249:Titanis
2234:Taygete
2219:Phineus
2214:Phalanx
2199:Ocyrhoe
2194:Nerites
2169:Melissa
2099:Curetes
2089:Chelone
2064:Calchus
2029:Arachne
2024:Actaeon
1888:Nyctaea
1858:Meropis
1828:Lelante
1798:Ictinus
1748:Eumelus
1743:Erodius
1738:Erinoma
1688:Cinyras
1668:Caeneus
1643:Asteria
1593:Alcyone
1573:Aesacus
1519:Animals
1160:4435828
590:278-279
353:Gallery
332:Germany
328:Bavaria
312:Cararra
298:In the
191::
176:Xanthos
134:Demeter
118:Servius
100:Artemis
52:Artemis
3247:Orchis
3206:Hyades
3175:Mestra
3149:Syrinx
3144:Syceus
3134:Smyrna
3129:Smilax
3119:Saliva
3069:Myrina
3064:Myrice
3059:Minthe
2985:Phoebe
2975:Merope
2935:Dryope
2925:Daphne
2915:Crocus
2910:Clytie
2905:Cissus
2895:Carpus
2845:Adonis
2838:Plants
2824:Sithon
2768:Sangas
2748:Pirene
2713:Lichas
2708:Haemus
2688:Cleite
2683:Chione
2668:Byblis
2552:Pallas
2547:Olenus
2527:Iodame
2497:Battus
2446:Weasel
2380:Sirens
2375:Scylla
2355:Medusa
2272:Dictys
2184:Myrmex
2154:Lyncus
2144:Lycaon
2129:Helice
2124:Hecuba
2059:Cadmus
1998:Tereus
1993:Scylla
1978:Procne
1923:Perdix
1863:Merops
1833:Lycius
1778:Hierax
1753:Gerana
1703:Corone
1693:Clinis
1673:Celeus
1653:Botres
1613:Anthus
1445:
1419:Strabo
1407:
1386:
1335:
1310:
1285:
1260:
1232:
1211:
1186:
1158:
1127:
1102:
871:
861:
785:"Leto"
720:14.3.6
716:14.2.2
707:Strabo
537:Lycaon
316:Campan
304:France
224:Lyceus
172:Letoon
104:Apollo
56:Apollo
28:Modena
3291:Lycia
3211:Hylas
3189:Other
3139:Spear
3104:Pitys
3044:Melus
3039:Mecon
3029:Lotis
3014:Leuce
2997:Aegle
2960:Aegle
2945:Elate
2940:Elaea
2900:Carya
2880:Attis
2804:Iphis
2738:Niobe
2723:Manto
2703:Dirce
2698:Cyane
2658:Atlas
2628:Alope
2370:Phaon
2360:Midas
2350:Lamia
2287:Medon
2282:Melas
2094:Circe
2034:Arcas
1948:Phene
1938:Picus
1918:Pelia
1898:Oenoe
1883:Nisus
1838:Lycus
1823:Laius
1793:Hyria
1773:Harpe
1698:Combe
1663:Byssa
1658:Bulis
1623:Argus
1583:Agron
1568:Aëtos
1553:Aëdon
1548:Acmon
1526:Avian
1156:JSTOR
1152:JSTOR
1150:(1).
575:6.313
471:, by
436:, by
251:Araxa
220:lykos
142:Hades
130:Ceres
108:Lycia
92:Delos
64:xenia
60:Lycia
3286:Leto
3201:Echo
3124:Side
3054:Milk
2855:Ajax
2663:Aura
2618:Acis
2592:Wolf
2401:Arne
2189:Naïs
2179:Myia
2114:Gale
2039:Arge
2019:Abas
1818:Iynx
1813:Itys
1803:Idas
1533:Abas
1443:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1347:Ovid
1333:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1230:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1167:2023
1125:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1040:2023
887:link
869:OCLC
859:ISBN
804:2023
718:and
566:Ovid
237:and
228:lyke
206:and
200:lada
195:Lētṓ
184:Λητώ
102:and
96:Leto
74:Ovid
54:and
48:Leto
34:The
2623:Aea
1808:Ino
1057:172
967:145
951:816
923:186
840:519
821:518
793:doi
680:252
664:146
286:or
270:Art
3282::
2139:Io
1382:.
1378::
1374:.
1355:.
1331:.
1306:.
1256:.
1207:.
1203:.
1182:.
1148:32
1146:.
1142:.
1123:.
1119:.
1098:.
1076:,
1031:.
883:}}
879:{{
867:.
828:^
787:.
771:28
709:,
687:^
637:35
632:,
606:79
568:,
349:.
334:.
330:,
302:,
186:,
182::
82:.
30:).
1504:e
1497:t
1490:v
1451:.
1413:.
1392:.
1363:.
1341:.
1316:.
1291:.
1266:.
1238:.
1217:.
1192:.
1169:.
1133:.
1108:.
1059:.
1042:.
1017:.
989:.
969:.
953:.
925:.
908:.
889:)
875:.
842:.
823:.
806:.
795::
773:.
682:.
666:.
608:.
592:.
405:.
132:/
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