Lutici - Knowledge

452: 1730:. The Lutici interpreted these incidents as bad omen, and departed determined to break the alliance with the emperor. Yet, an assembly was convoked where it was decided to re-enter the war on the emperor's side, and two Lutician armies again attacked Bolesław later in 1017. One Lutician army joined the emperor's forces in the siege of Glogau (Thietmar VII, 59), while the other attacked another stronghold of Bolesław and devastated the surrounding region once they had lost 100 men in an unsuccessful attempt to take it (Thietmar VII, 61). Günther, an eremite from Magdeburg, tried to mission in the Lutician lands during the same year without success. 2465:

reached the age of 60 years. The lower life expectancy of women results from puerperal mortality: An average woman gave birth to three to four children in intervals of three to four years. The average heights of adult males was 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) and 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) for adult women. Medical research of teeth revealed a healthy diet with sufficient protein and low carbohydrate shares and a two-year breastfeeding period. Serious pathological deformations of bones were found in 28% of the adult Sanzkow skeletons, less serious ones in 44%. Most adults suffered from

503: 2095: 1610: 1939: 1592: 469: 520: 407: 51: 438: 393: 1126: 1310:). The strategically important Hevellian Brandenburg was sacked by Lutician forces and successfully defended against the Saxon margraves and Hevellian princes. Incidentally, the pagan Luticians appointed Kizo, a Saxon Christian, commander of the Brandenburg. Contemporary German chronicler Thietmar (VI, 25) blames the uprising on maltreatment of the Lutici by the margraves: "warriors, who used to be our servants, now free as a consequence of our injustices ." 1121: 486: 2425:) and Adam ("nine") might be explained with the symbolic use of these numbers, meant not to accurately describe Radgosc, but rather connect it to the underworld. The boar, who according to Thietmar came out of the lake prior to a war to take pleasure in the mud, thereby "terribly shaking and appearing to many", might likewise be a symbol Thietmar used for the devil rather than an actual oracle, in contrast to the horse oracle. 78: 2283: 2314:, "sun", to a distinct personalized deity with the name Riedegost. This could then have been adopted as the name of the temple (Radgosc) and as the name of the tribe settling there (Redarii). Following the alternative hypothesis, it was the other way around: Adam of Bremen and Helmold mistakenly adopted the name of the temple site as the name of the deity, which was correctly identified by Thietmar and corresponds with 1898:, Henry IV offered to the Lutici the chance of conquering as much Saxon land as they desired. The Saxon nobles then tried to also win the Lutici as allies against Henry IV: Among the Lutici, another civil war broke out between the factions supporting either Otto or Henry, resulting in a high death toll. As a consequence, the Lutici were unable to attack either Henry or Otto. However, due to the emerging 1314: 2398:) of these deities were stored inside the temple and were only to leave the room during a war. Thietmar wrote this when the Lutici were allies of the emperor, an alliance he opposed, and included his Radgosc report with the purpose of advising the Germans against it. He also explicitly turned to the reader and advised them to not follow the Lutician cult, but instead adhere to the Holy Bible. 2473:, likewise primarily affecting males, and other skeleton deformations, this points to high physical strain especially of the male population. An extraordinarily high rate of bone fractures (15% of the adult population, primarily men) indicates massive involvement in battles and accidents. Skull injuries from strokes, swords and arrows were also common. Two bodies at Sanzkow were buried as 789:

assemblies, decisions were made based on consensus, and once a decision had been made it was enforced by "severe punishment" of any violations. While similar types of government have been postulated for archaic Slavic societies, this was unusual for contemporary ones, who were usually led by a prince, duke or king asserting power via feudal dependencies.

2164:, all under Wartislaw's rule) in 1124/25. Bolesław III of Poland had subdued Wartislaw after his abovementioned Lutician campaign, and in 1127 was on the verge of attacking Wartislaw again because of the latter's Lutician conquests, which had considerably strengthened Wartislaw's position. When Otto of Bamberg waited for Wartislaw I in 1711:(Easter 1007). The Lutician and Bohemian envoys demanded a prompt attack on Bolesław, yet Henry faced considerable opposition of several nobles against a renewed war. The war (1007–1013) was then started by Bolesław, and sources do not mention Lutician participation. The next record of the Lutici in the sources is of negotiations in 1695:

blames delays that prevented the imperial army from decisively defeating Bolesław on the Lutici, and obviously it was not in the Lutician interest to eliminate Bolesław's threat to Henry as this was the basis for the German-Lutician alliance preventing the resumption of German campaigns into Lutician

1321:

In the Obodrite principality, the Luticians initiated a revolt aimed at the abolishment of feudal rule and Christianity, drawing on consideral support from the Obodrite populace. In part, the Obodrite revolt was successful: the princely family, though in part remaining Christian, dissolved Christian

788:

This type of government had its roots in the Veleti period: since the mid-9th century, no Veleti princes or kings are recorded, and archaeology has revealed that in this period, many small strongholds were built in the area, in part on the ruins of the earlier, large strongholds. During the Lutician

611:. In contrast to the former and the neighboring peoples, the Lutici were not led by a Christian monarch or duke, rather power was asserted through consensus formed in central assemblies of the social elites, and the Lutici worshipped nature and several deities. The political and religious center was 2265:

The maintenance of temple sites marks the transition from the worship of nature to the worship of idols representing personalized deities, a trend that in historiography is interpreted as resulting from contacts to Christianity. While the erection of cult sites flourished since the 10th century, an

2252:

or at springs, lakes, and rivers. There, worship and sacrificing were done in the open without the support of priests. In addition, the Lutici maintained several cult sites. The density of Lutician temples was the highest in the whole Slavic settlement area. As of 2002, about twenty such cult sites

1993:

territories had virtually disappeared. On the other hand, Lothair then followed an expansionist policy himself. Among the tribes he campaigned against, regardless of whether they were within the Obodrite sphere of interest, were also the Kessini, whose prince Dumar was subdued, along with his sons,

1537:. While Henry the Quarrelsome died before the campaign started in 995, and his son Henry IV (II) thereupon returned to Bavaria to secure his succession, the participant's list and the assembled force distinguished this campaign from the mostly Saxon campaigns mounted to crush the rebellion before. 1456:

The first such campaign in which Otto III participated was in 986, when Otto was six years old. In 991, at the age of eleven, he participated in the temporary reconquest of Brandenburg, which was soon lost again due to the treason of a Saxon defector. In 992, he participated again in the subsequent

745:

documents do not mention the Veleti at all, while repeatedly referencing Redarians, Tollensians, Circipanes and other tribes in the respective area. Furthermore, there are only very few mentions of the Veleti in 10th-century sources: in addition to beforementioned records, the Veleti are referenced

638:. However, by 1033 the alliance broke apart, and a German–Lutician war broke out that lasted until 1035, when the Lutici became tributaries of the empire again, but otherwise retained their independence. A civil war between the core tribes began the decline of the Lutici in 1056/57. The neighboring 2546:

was "reformed" (improved) by wooden temples and priesthood as a high social class with political influence. Almost every Polabian tribe had its own pagan cult of a deity of military function or some version of the supreme god, whose high priests had sometimes military retinue and were equal to the

2261:

took over the leading role after Radgosc's destruction. Cult sites such as Radgosc were maintained by priests, and since in Lutician society politics was closely tied to religious beliefs and not ruled by a secular monarch, the Radgosc priests were extremely influential. According to Thietmar (VI,

1741:

dukes, during the same year. They justified the attack with the fact that the Obodrites had not participated in the war. The Lutici were supported by part of the Obodrites, and the resulting revolt expelled Obodrite duke Mstislav to Saxony and destroyed the see in Oldenburg. This caused the Danish

784:

in the east, with the core formed by four tribes: Redarians, Tolensians, Kessinians and Circipanians. Within the federation, power was asserted by representatives of the clans and settlement communities (the "elders"). The highest political institution of both Veleti and Lutici was the assembly of

863:

The name of the Lutici has survived in its many Latinized spelling variants used by contemporary chroniclers, most of which are still used in modern historiography in addition to their English, German and Polish renderings. The etymology of these terms is not sure, it has been proposed that they

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revealed that 25.8% of the buried children were under the age of 6 years, another 4.4% under the age of 12 years, adding to an estimated infant mortality of 20%. For those who reached adulthood, the average death age was 40.7 years (males) and 34.1 years (females), and only 4.4%, primarily men,

1432:

and German campaigns vice versa are recorded for nearly every year of his kingship. Thereby, the Saxons experienced several difficulties resulting from the de-central organization of the Lutici. Apart from the attempted reconquest of the lost sees of the bishoprics, the Saxon armies faced wide

1861: 2192:

on 6 June 1133, he also issued a document addressed at bishop Norbert of Magdeburg listing a "Bishopric of Stettin" for the Lutician areas between Elbe and Oder, and a Pomeranian bishopric for the areas east of the Oder. These bishoprics however never materialized, instead the

1572:. Eventually he settled for a mission to the Prussians, who killed him on 23 April 997. Also in 997, Otto III mounted a last campaign into the areas held by the Lutici, targeting the Hevelli. Afterwards, Otto III instead focussed on plans to re-organize the Holy Roman Empire. 1815:

A subsequent campaign mounted primarily by Saxon nobles resulted in the defeat of the Lutici, who had to agree to a high tribute and provide hostages. Despite the defeat, the Lutici retained their autonomy, and the bishoprics of Brandenburg and Havelberg were not reinstated.

1856:

II, 79), Gottschalk went to the "Slavic lands with a mighty force, attacked everybody and caused great fear among the pagans". In 1057, again with the support of Bernard II and Sven Estridson, Gottschalk subdued the Kessini and Circipani and integrated them into his realm.

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According to Fritze (1982), this reflects the uncertain nomenclature after the Veleti's decline, at least as a political entity, in the mid-9th century. A variant of the designation "Lutici" was first recorded in the annals of Hildesheim in 991, and starting in eastern

1696:

territory. On the other hand, the delays were caused also by corrupt guides and several Saxon nobles, who also opposed campaigns against Christian Bolesław and rather supported re-establishing control and mission of the pagan Lutici. The campaign was aborted near

2331:

is honoured with due gift upon their fortunate return, and it is carefully determined by lot and horse , what sacrifices the priests have to make to the deities. When in their unspeakable wrath however, they are comforted with the blood of animals and humans."

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for the year 1068, describing its capture by bishop Burchard and the abduction of its sacred horse. It is assumed that Radgosc was destroyed either in this or one of the following campaigns, probably it was destroyed and rebuilt several times since Ebo's

3985:

Hengst, Karlheinz (2005). ""Es gibt keine bösen Völker - nur böseMenschen". Beobachtungen zum Slawenbild im Mittelalter. Die Slawen als Nachbarn der Deutschen aus Sicht eines Bischofs in Mitteldeutschland vor 1000 Jahren". In Kersten, Sandra (ed.).

653:, the bishop of Mecklenburg, was captured and sacrificed at Radgosc. As a consequence, the bishop of Halberstadt and the emperor sacked and destroyed Radgosc in subsequent campaigns, and its role as the leading pagan cult site was taken over by the 1679:, conquered in 1003. Furthermore, Bolesław supported the inner-German opposition to Henry. This led Henry to abandon the reconquest of the Lutician areas, and instead offer them an alliance against Bolesław, first recorded at a meeting in 1416:

While neither Mstivoj (also Mistui, died between 992 and 995), nor his son and successor Mstislav were present at the 986 meeting, they continued to maintain close ties to the empire, despite their participation in campaigns into Saxon

2394:). Inside the castle, there was a wooden temple grounded on animal horns, and in this temple there were idols of several deities, who each had a name engraved and wore helmet and armor, with Zuarasici being the highest deity. Guidons ( 730:. Incidentally, this list also contains the first mention of the Veleti after beforementioned gap, and the Redarians are listed as a separate entity from the Veleti. In 955, the Tollensians and Circipanians are first mentioned in the 719:(Chronica Slavorum I,2) says "Hii quatuor populi a fortidudine Wilzi sive Lutici appellantur." Modern scholarship sometimes refers to both entities by a double name, e.g. "Wilzen-Lutizen" in German or "Wieleci-Lucice" in Polish. 1061:), and alternative theories connect their name to a hypothetical river "Rada" or propose a translation as "red-haired people". Earlier theories translating "Redarii" as "farmers", "plowers" or "warriors" have been refuted. 1870:

In 1066, the Lutici were involved in the Obodrite revolt, in the course of which Gottschalk was slain, his wife and her abigails were chased out of Mecklenburg naked, and a monk, Ansvar, and others were stoned to death in

2421:), that could be reached by a wooden bridge by those who wanted to sacrifice or ask the oracle. 12th-century chronicler Helmold largely followed Adam's version. The difference in the numbers used by Thietmar ("three", 1879:, who was carried to Radgosc, where his severed head was sacrificed to Redigost. However, Halberstadt bishop Burchard sacked Radgosc in the winter of 1067/1068, and as a symbol of his victory rode home on the temple's 1460:

Thus, Otto III organized a campaign involving an abundance of princes of the empire, which was also the first campaign he led as an independent ruler, since before 994/995 he had been under the tutelage of his mother

2168:

in 1128 to convert the Lutici, the Pomeranian duke appeared with two armies, and according to Otto's biographer Herbod looted and burned the surrounding areas before he held talks with Otto about the conversion.

2071:, this time by Obodrite prince Sventipolk. A son of Henry (deceased 1125), Sventipolk struggled for his father's heritage against his brother Knud. In his campaign against the Kessini he was supported by 1683:

on 28 March 1003. Since the Lutici remained pagan, this policy was widely criticized in the empire, especially by the clergy. By 1004, Henry had expelled Bolesław from Bohemia and adjacent territories in

823:

have most probably resulted in a common identity, evidently in mutual solidarity expressed by the common councils and combined military campaigns. Thietmar (VIII/5) refers to the resulting way of life as

2184:, before he mediated in the dispute between Wartislaw I and Bolesław III. Bolesław aborted his preparations for war, and in turn Wartislaw accepted Bolesław's superiority for his territories east of the 1773:

in 1033. Whether Lutician forces participated in the campaigns is not known. With Poland defeated and disintegrating in a civil war, the German–Lutician alliance had lost its basis, and a new war began.

1567:

during the fall. Adalbert, who in Rome and with the pope's consent had agreed on going on a mission into pagan territory, yet he was still undecided on whether he should try to convert the Lutici or the

2477:. For one of those, there is evidence for a head injury that might have resulted in brain dysfunctions: this man was buried with three large rocks placed on his face, breast and legs. One woman had a 5437: 5035: 5015: 1746:

to intervene in 1019, and the duke of Saxony and the bishop of Bremen, previously in a dispute about influence in the Obodrite areas, combined their forces in 1020 and ended the revolt in 1021.

3593:, with reference to Enders says that "it was proposed that Bolesław on his way to the Müritz destroyed the Ukrainian stronghold Nieden on the Ucker river in the north of the later Uckermark". 722:

In the second half of the 9th century, the Veleti disappeared from written records. Lutician tribes first appear in written records after this gap: the Redarii were mentioned first in 928 by

2290:, claiming to be the site of Radgosc (Rethra). However, a scholarly consensus on the temple's location has not yet been established, and various theories have been forwarded and refuted. 1844:

and his sons had been killed in battle in 1043, Gottschalk had established himself as the new ruler of the Obodrite and part of the Lutician realm with the support of Sven Estridson and

1722:

damaged a Lutician idol, and Henry II had to reconcile them with twelve pounds of silver. Secondly, they lost fifty warriors and an idol of a female deity in a flood while crossing the

1769:; Conrad's answer, however, is not recorded. From 1029 to 1032, the emperor mounted several campaigns against Miesko II, utterly defeating him and forcing him into the disadvantageous 661:. Another civil war in the 1070s led to a further decline of the Lutician federation, who then were unable to resist conquests and looting by their neighbors in the following decades. 3492:", Bolesław penetrated deep into Lutician territory. He advanced towards Müritz lake and devastated the area so thoroughly that it was nearly devoid of humans, as reported by Ebo." 1824:

In 1056/1057, the Lutician federation disintegrated in a civil war. Kessini and Circipani fought against Tollensians and Redarii. The dispute was decided by an intervention of the

1783: 1540:

The 995 campaign also played a role in Bohemian history: Boleslaus II, against his promises, made use of the absence of his rival Soběslav, marched on the latter's stronghold in

2072: 1707:, while "with words and money" trying to instigate Lutician and Bohemian campaigns against Henry at the same time, according to the testimony of Lutician and Bohemian envoys at 785:

the free, yet in contrast to the Veleti who were led by a prince, the Lutici were a "tribe without a ruler", meaning political power was asserted via discourse in an assembly.

2310:(I, 2). This is interpreted by historians and linguists in different ways: probably, the different names mark the transition from an appellativum related with the Iranian root 792:

Though missing a monarch, the Lutici had a social hierarchy. Political power was asserted by nobles, priests and free farmers. A reference to social differentiation is made by

1053:

around Radgosc. In the latter case though, it is unknown whether the name of the deity is the root of the stronghold's and the tribe's name or if it is the other way around (

5668: 5650: 3540:"Ekspansja polska i niemiecka zetknęłyby się w taki sposób ze sobą na przestrzeni górnego biegu Piany od Jeziora Morzyckiego ewentualnie po okolice dzisiejszego Stralsundu." 1715:

in November 1012, confirming the alliance of 1003. Considerable Lutician forces participated in the two following campaigns of Henry II against Bolesław in 1015 and 1017.

5990: 1966: 851:(Brandenburg), the Redarii became a dominant regional power themselves after the 930s. This is documented by the amount of silver tribute the Redarii were to pay to the 4133:. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin beim Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin (in German). Vol. 13. Walter de Gruyter. 1943: 5611: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4177:

MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) II. Magistrati Adam Bremensis. Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum (Scan)

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When Henry II died, Bolesław I of Poland used the power vacuum in the empire to crown himself king in 1025. While he died in the same year, his son and successor

5172: 5030: 5925: 1809: 5662: 700:(Wilzi, Wilci), who are referred to by sources of the late 8th and first half of the 9th centuries as having inhabited the same region, and according to the 5020: 2339:, and the successful beginning of the revolt of 1066 was according to Adam of Bremen celebrated in Radgosc by the ritual decapitation of captured bishop 1428:

Handling of the Lutician rebellion thus became a central objective for the young king, and several campaigns of the Lutici and Obodriti into the eastern

634:. Hostilities continued until 997. Thereafter, tensions with the empire eased, and in 1003 the Lutici entered an alliance with the emperor against duke 1581: 4049:. Europa im Mittelalter. Abhandlungen und Beiträge zur historischen Komparatistik (in German). Vol. 5. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. pp. 91–110. 2456:

Archaeological records suggest an average life expectancy of 20 to 30 years, primarily due to a high infant and child mortality. Excavations in the

4182:

MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) XXXII. Helmoldi Presbyteri Bozovienis. Chronica Slavorum (Scan)

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siege of Brandenburg, where the Saxon army suffered heavy casualties before it was victorious in 993. In 994 however, the war's tide turned again.

5081: 1902:, Henry IV had to shift his focus away from the Lutician areas, so the remaining Lutici retained their independence. In 1090, the Obodrite prince 5155: 4562: 4420: 1812:, retaliated with a large-scale campaign into the Lutician territories. The result was inconclusive, with both sides suffering heavy casualties. 1718:

In 1017 however, two incidents led to the temporary departure of the Lutici from the campaign. First, a stone's throw of a compagnon of margrave

5071: 2271: 1998:, whose army included 300 Circipanian cavalry. Several subsequent campaigns of Lothair into the Lutician areas followed between 1115 and 1127. 1757:, and coveted the Lutici territories. Conrad renewed the German–Lutician alliance. In 1028, Mieszko invaded and devastated the area east of the 1165: 3542: 1804:

and thus refrained from immediate retaliation. In 1035, the Lutici sacked Werben after an act of treason and killed most of the defendants.

5177: 4218: 1910:. After an Obodrite revolt was quelled in 1093, Henry expanded eastward in several campaigns, and subdued all Lutician areas north of the 1449:), a characterization that applied to the following campaigns as well. Following a hypothesis forwarded in modern historiography, e.g. by 1037:

The names of the four subtribes relate to their respective settlement areas: the Kessini around their main stronghold Kessin on the lower

4026: 3929: 2631: 1278:

In 983, the Lutici initiated an open rebellion, and in the ensuing war (983–995) succeeded in revoking imperial control over most of the

799:

Whether or not the Lutician tribes had a common ethnic identity remains speculative: The cultural differences to the neighboring tribes (

664:

During the first half of the 12th century, the settlement area of the Lutici was partitioned between Obodrite principalities, the later

5814: 3947:

Fritze, Wolfgang H. (1982). "Beobachtungen zu Entstehung und Wesen des Lutizenbundes". In Kuchenbuch, Ludolf; Schich, Winfried (eds.).

796:(Chronicon VI, 25), who reported a progressive fine system imposing higher fines for offenses on persons with a higher social status. 680:(east). The Lutici were converted to Christianity, and in the 13th century were assimilated by German settlers and became part of the 2403: 1923: 1853: 1691:

The Lutici, who participated in the campaign, caused dismay among the Christian army when carrying idols of their deities with them.

756: 5091: 1927: 741:

This co-listing of Veleti with Redarians, Tollensians and/or Circipanians was however not repeated in subsequent records, e.g. the

3569:

in: Heimatkalender des Kreises Prenzlau 8/1933, p. 128, proposed that the Nadam destroyed by Bolesław in 1121 was near Nieden, an

5010: 4273: 1800:. A Saxon relief army was defeated, whereby 42 knights were killed. Emperor Conrad II however focussed on securing succession in 5066: 5793: 5165: 4846: 4819: 4663: 4243: 3951:. Germania Slavica III (in German). Vol. 6. Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin. pp. 130–166. 3508:

Die Slawen in Deutschland. Geschichte und Kultur der slawischen Stämme westlich von Oder und Neiße vom 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert,

4687: 4675: 4547: 4535: 4405: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4119: 4014: 4007:

Die Slawen in Deutschland: Geschichte und Kultur der slawischen Stämme westlich von Oder und Neiße vom 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert

3975: 3423: 2600: 2102: 754:, this name was gradually adopted by other chroniclers. The first mention of the Kessinians is an entry in Adam von Bremen's 4886: 4866: 3606:(Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte / Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 23), Berlin 1968, 3577:(Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte / Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 23), Berlin 1968, 2407:

when Radgosc was already in decline, and gave a somewhat differing account: according to him, Radgosc, "seat of the idols" (

5482: 5056: 4891: 4881: 4876: 4704: 4699: 4651: 4646: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4523: 4508: 4457: 4432: 4343: 4333: 4268: 4263: 3926:

Archäologie der westlichen Slawen. Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa

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Slawen und Deutsche in der Uckermark. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Siedlungsentwicklung vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert

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by Henry. However, Lothair and Henry became engaged in a struggle of their own. When in 1115 Lothair defeated Henry in the

5000: 4437: 4187:

MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) LXXII. Annales Quedlinburgenses (Scan)

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MGH Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum Nova Series (SS rer. Germ. N.S.) IX. Thietmari Merseburgensis Episcopi. Chronicon (Scan)

4114:. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern (in German). Vol. 41 (2 ed.). Köln/Weimar: Böhlau. 3514:, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde (ZVLGA), vol. 80 (2000), pp. 63-163, here pp. 2469:, especially men above the age of twenty years, but also women above the age of thirty years. Combined with high rates of 5129: 5061: 2340: 1876: 650: 17: 5025: 5931: 3585:

vol. 8/2 (Uckermark), Weimar 1986, p. 710 agree and relate Nieden to Bolesław's 1121 Müritz campaign. Kirsch, Kerstin:

1502: 5086: 3515: 5885: 5850: 5076: 4138: 4054: 4035: 3995: 3956: 3937: 1453:, these campaigns had not the primary purpose of a reconquest, but rather the purpose of looting and taking revenge. 1361:

shortly after the rebellion started, and three weeks later, his three-year-old son Otto III was crowned and anointed

1294:

were de facto annihilated. The rebellion did not only affect Lutician territories, but also those of the neighboring

4788: 2176:, where they accepted Christianity upon Otto's and Wartislaw's appearance. Otto then destroyed the pagan temples at 5216: 4831: 4211: 4045:

Lübke, Christian (2002). "Zwischen Polen und dem Reich. Elbslawen und Gentilreligion". In Borgolte, Michael (ed.).

3607: 356: 4191: 2001:

In 1121, Lothair mounted another successful campaign against the Kessini, this time sacking their main stronghold

1326:

had to abandon his bishopric. The Obodrite rebels destroyed the see in Oldenburg and also the see of the diocese,

5937: 4933: 2441: 2026: 2494: 2129: 5182: 5679: 5134: 4984: 4861: 3558: 3512:

Kämpfe und Herrschaft Heinrichs von (Alt-) Lübeck und Lothars von Supplingenburg im Slawenland 1093/1106-1125

3479: 2188:, while for the Lutician areas his superior was Lothair. When the pope crowned Lothair Holy Roman Emperor at 1805: 1786: 1754: 1526: 1389: 1380:

The coronation was not undisputed: an oppositional group had formed in the empire supporting the kingship of

2075:. However, Sventipolk, his son Swinike and his brother Knud were all murdered in 1128, and in 1129 Lothair ( 5943: 5690: 5189: 5150: 3604:

Siedlung, Wirtschaft und gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse der slawischen Stämme zwischen Oder/Neisse und Elbe

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Siedlung, Wirtschaft und gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse der slawischen Stämme zwischen Oder/Neisse und Elbe

1884: 1864: 1829: 1765:. Thus, in the same year, Lutician delegates asked Conrad for help against "tyrant Mieszko" at a synode in 1672: 1638: 1630: 1616: 1598: 1486: 1335: 731: 2216:

of 1147 targeted the Obodrite and Lutician areas. After a period of Danish rule in the northern part, the

5394: 4921: 4808: 4598: 4475: 4204: 2083:, who was however murdered by a relative in 1131. His successor in the eastern Obodrite realm, up to the 1962: 1413:

of Easter 986 Otto III was accepted as king by the opposition, including the Bohemian and Polish dukes.

1346: 1159: 727: 4680: 4670: 4615: 2428:

The location of the former temple of Radgosc is still unknown. Theories that Radgosc might have been at

1559:

was also in Rome, and both Otto and Adalbert left – on different routes – in June 996, to meet again in

5628: 5623: 5477: 4902: 4871: 4518: 4238: 3487: 2229: 2149: 1845: 1181: 1153: 808: 673: 485: 476: 4766: 4192:

MGH V Scriptorum III. Annales Augustani (Scan of page 128, containing Burchard's 1068 Rethra campaign)

2232:(successor of the Northern March) had consolidated in the former Lutician areas. In the course of the 1737:(1018) ended the war between Henry and Bolesław, and the Lutici attacked their western neighbors, the 5753: 3535: 2429: 2267: 2236:

in the 13th century, the Lutici were assimilated by German settlers, ultimately becoming part of the

1841: 1801: 5036:

Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)

4073:

Petersohn, Jürgen (2003). "König Otto III und die Slawen an Ostsee, Oder und Elbe um das Jahr 995".

5961: 5770: 5759: 5748: 3578: 3499: 1498: 848: 646: 213: 4318: 3554: 3475: 2006: 5995: 5908: 5903: 5820: 5685: 5617: 5600: 5492: 5487: 5459: 5005: 4390: 2137: 1903: 1899: 1649:", symbolizing the Slavic lands, is depicted in the above, but missing in the below illustration. 1490: 4385: 1530: 1522: 1400:

were among the latter's supporters. All of them had accepted Henry's claim to the throne at the

635: 5856: 5639: 5253: 5121: 4916: 4718: 4603: 4465: 3562: 2364: 1978: 1890:

In 1073 however, Henry IV sought to win the Lutici as allies against a Saxon opposition led by

1330:. The ensuing war with the Saxons however culminated in the sack of the Obodrite stronghold of 1323: 1291: 1287: 5039: 4824: 4793: 1703:

Afterwards, Bolesław negotiated an anti-Lutician alliance "in Christo" with unknown nobles at

1506: 5674: 5644: 5509: 5442: 4447: 3590: 2466: 2094: 1692: 1482: 1433:

heaths, lake- and woodlands that lacked targets suitable to decide the war. According to the

1385: 1240: 1203: 793: 261: 4896: 4709: 4589: 1668: 5861: 5826: 5472: 5273: 5258: 4926: 4540: 4375: 4227: 1986: 1750: 1273: 855:, and the failure of the latter to permanently subdue the area despite multiple campaigns. 665: 77: 5956:

Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution

5248: 4907: 4338: 1875:. Adam of Bremen (III, 51) further recorded the capture of the elderly Mecklenburg bishop 8: 5897: 5764: 5718: 5537: 5527: 5359: 5268: 5243: 4990: 4856: 4513: 4024:

Lübke, Christian (2001). "Lutizen. Historisches". In Beck, Heinrich; et al. (eds.).

2382:), two of which could be reached by land, while the third and smallest one faced a lake ( 2194: 2076: 1770: 1753:

also took on the royal title, denied paying homage to the successor of Henry II, emperor

1660: 1656: 1541: 1518: 1478: 1474: 1393: 1362: 1191: 1177: 746:

only in the annals of St. Gallen in 995 and in the annals of Quedlinburg in 995 and 997.

701: 437: 431: 334: 209: 5724: 4803: 4066:

Starigard/Oldenburg. Ein slawischer Herrschersitz des frühen Mittelalters in Ostholstein

1906:

had consolidated the Obodrite realm with Danish and Saxon support, and killed his rival

1887:

led a follow-up campaign into the Lutician territories, looting and pillaging the area.

5873: 5844: 5832: 5781: 5730: 5695: 5532: 5293: 4995: 4841: 4798: 4771: 4761: 4641: 4636: 4503: 4498: 4415: 4380: 4328: 4323: 4098: 3589:. Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Europa, vol. 21, Stuttgart 2004, 2221: 2126: 1959: 1938: 1609: 1556: 1534: 1246: 1197: 735: 723: 677: 5594: 5313: 4783: 4692: 4557: 2322:. According to a third theory, Riedegost was the second name of Thietmar's Zuarasici. 1545: 1226: 6000: 5949: 5891: 5867: 5736: 5605: 5582: 5517: 5278: 5263: 4622: 4488: 4427: 4400: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4299: 4150:"Vampir- und Wiedergängererscheinungen aus volkskundlicher und archäologischer Sicht" 4134: 4115: 4102: 4090: 4050: 4031: 4010: 3991: 3971: 3952: 3933: 3531:

Maleczynski, Karol: Bolesław III Krzywousty, Lwow 1939 (repr. Wroclaw 1975), p. 154:

3419: 2596: 2217: 2205: 2064:

area. With his campaigns, Lothair renewed the German claim to the areas lost in 983.

1895: 1626: 1591: 1466: 1342: 873: 852: 820: 773: 716: 623: 619: 451: 445: 302: 256: 136: 4047:

Polen und Deutschland vor 1000 Jahren. Die Berliner Tagung über den "Akt von Gnesen"

3968:

Franks, Northmen, and Slavs. Identities and state formation in early medieval Europe

2335:

According to Helmold of Bosau, the revolt of 983 was started after a meeting at the

1970: 1064:

The names of these tribes likewise survived in various spelling variants, including

5919: 5913: 5775: 5701: 5633: 5588: 5425: 5303: 5283: 4552: 4442: 4410: 4350: 4082: 2588: 2552: 2307: 2209: 1891: 1743: 1734: 1331: 1171: 1112: 742: 708:). Whether the Lutici were ethnically identical with the Veleti remains unproven. 519: 510: 281: 2457: 587:

tribes, who between the 10th and 12th centuries lived in what is now northeastern

5879: 5787: 5742: 5656: 5522: 5499: 5298: 5288: 5238: 4968: 4850: 4528: 4395: 4370: 2555:

than other Slavic peoples who had less organized paganism and was practiced as a

2539: 2359: 2213: 2145: 2098: 1719: 1429: 1354: 816: 751: 715:(Gesta II,22) refers to them as "Leuticios, qui alio nomine Wilzi dicuntur", and 712: 556: 502: 493: 352: 147: 4751: 3970:. Cursor mundi. Vol. 5. Geary, Patrick J.; Urbańczyk, Przemysław. Brepols. 2592: 5838: 5354: 4746: 4452: 4313: 3988:

Spiegelungen. Entwürfe zu Identität und Alterität. Festschrift für Elke Mehnert

2548: 2547:

chiefs or politically stronger. This made a pagan cults more organized and the

2543: 2504: 2470: 2363:(III, 5) mentions the destruction of "the Lutician civitas and temple" by king 1995: 1982: 1849: 1837: 1552: 1442: 1438: 1279: 1135: 669: 631: 584: 468: 459: 157: 93: 5984: 5798: 5404: 5105: 4813: 4658: 4308: 4149: 4094: 4086: 3533:"Na zachodzie podbój polski objął znowuż zapewne miejscowości Kocków i Dymin" 2583:

Warner, David A. (1 January 2013). "The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg".

2556: 2315: 2173: 1880: 1793: 1569: 1283: 1185: 1147: 627: 412: 406: 274: 242: 2262:

25), every Lutician region had its own temple, each home to a special idol.

2041:

stronghold of Nadam, following a thesis that Nadam was located near today's

2037:." Enders (1986) says that during the same campaign, Bolesław destroyed the 2017:

region. According to Maleczynski (1939), Bolesław thereby "most likely took

1761:

river in a campaign which also affected the Lutician associate tribe of the

5369: 5308: 5220: 4836: 2433: 2253:

have been identified, with Radgosc being the most important one before the

2249: 1544:(Libitz an der Cidlina) and killed the members of his family, the opposing 1450: 1418: 596: 552: 170: 1220: 1032:* as adopted from contemporary Latin sources by Anglo-Saxon historiography 50: 5431: 5409: 4470: 2482: 2445: 2258: 2233: 2225: 2080: 2048:

Herrmann (1968) proposed that Bolesław's campaign followed a fork of the

1680: 1401: 1256: 1108: 1050: 711:

Contemporary chronicles sometimes connect the Lutici to the Veleti, e.g.

685: 658: 604: 246: 118: 1655:

After the Lutici gained independence, Otto III allied against them with

1551:

In early 996, Otto III left for Rome to receive the imperial crown from

618:

The Lutici were first recorded by written sources in the context of the

5467: 5399: 4776: 4196: 1914:

river. In 1100/1101, Henry's combined Obodrite and Saxon forces sieged

1708: 1125: 600: 581: 238: 218: 153: 89: 2325:

Thietmar (VI, 25) details Radgosc's elevated position as follows: "To

2181: 2061: 2060:, via Nieden. In 1127, a campaign of Lothair was also targeted at the 2022: 1994:

in 1114. This campaign was supported by the (nominal) margrave of the

1120: 5389: 5349: 4730: 4627: 3804:

Schmidt (2009), p. 79, with detailed analysis on the following pages.

3570: 2560: 2499: 2254: 2200:

In 1134, Lothair gave the Northern March, i.e. the area south of the

2161: 2049: 2034: 1974: 1915: 1872: 1825: 1738: 1704: 1560: 1462: 1295: 800: 654: 639: 615:(also referred to by several other names, e.g. Riedegost or Rethra). 592: 284: 252: 231: 183: 60: 4030:(in German). Vol. 19 (2 ed.). de Gruyter. pp. 51–53. 2270:, and a cult site surrounded by planks was found in the fortress of 2014: 1766: 1697: 607:(Tholenzi). At least in part, the Lutici were a continuation of the 5364: 4741: 4736: 2418:

templum ibi magnum constructum est demonibus, princeps est Redigast

2157: 2114: 2057: 1947: 1494: 1470: 1046: 768:

The Lutici were a federation of several smaller tribes between the

277: 200: 188: 166: 2282: 2013:

region deep into Lutician territory, reaching and devastating the

226: 204: 174: 5339: 2478: 2474: 2411:) was surrounded by a deep lake and had nine gates. He described 2237: 2177: 2053: 1919: 1833: 1762: 1685: 1676: 1514: 1422: 1397: 1381: 1370: 1350: 1327: 1303: 1236: 840: 836: 832: 804: 681: 612: 588: 538: 222: 196: 192: 179: 2172:

Wartislaw had also convened a meeting of the Lutician nobles at

2029:, "German and Polish expansion met at Müritz lake and the upper 1933: 1625:

Contemporary illustrations of the personalized provinces of the

5379: 5374: 5329: 2509: 2461: 2437: 2319: 2165: 2118: 2088: 2042: 2038: 2018: 2002: 1977:

rebelled against German authority. The uprising was quelled by

1860: 1782: 1727: 1712: 1597:"Sclavinia", "Germania", "Gallia" and "Roma" with presents for 1441:: "with fire and slaughter, they devastated the whole region" ( 1405: 1374: 1252: 1232: 1038: 812: 769: 697: 608: 398: 392: 338: 161: 108: 66: 1465:, and after her death, under the tutelage of his grandmother, 1313: 5344: 5334: 2514: 2287: 2201: 2140:. Thence the Pomeranian dukes occasionally styled themselves 2110: 2084: 2068: 2030: 1990: 1911: 1907: 1792:

In 1033, a Lutician army repeatedly attacked the fortress of

1758: 1723: 1564: 1366: 1042: 844: 777: 726:, who listed them in the context of Slavic tribes subdued by 4131:

Forschungen zur brandenburgischen und preußischen Geschichte

3486:(Mitteldeutsche Forschungen, vol. 3), Münster/Cologne 1955, 1437:, the first Saxon campaign of 985 thus followed a tactic of 734:, likewise in addition to the Veleti, in the context of the 5955: 2197:

was founded in 1140 for the areas then ruled by Wartislaw.

2189: 2185: 2153: 2122: 2010: 1951: 1797: 1510: 1358: 781: 2079:

since 1125) gave the "kingdom of the Obodrites" to Danish

1926:, while his son Mistue looted the territory of the nearby 1575: 5016:

Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania

3510:

Berlin 1985, pp. 385, 552 (fn. 15); Gaethke, Hans-Otto:

2266:

idol dating to the 7th to 8th century has been found in

2005:

and subduing their prince Sventipolk. In the same year,

696:

At least in part, the Lutici were a continuation of the

5173:

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland

3506:

vol. 1, Hamburg 1974, p. 41; Herrmann, Joachim et al.:

1671:

however expanded his realm and denied Otto's successor

3494:

Similarly, with reference to Ebo: Schultze, Johannes:

2451: 1447:

totam terram illam incendiis et caedibus devastaverunt

591:. Four tribes made up the core of the federation: the 2294:

The main deity worshipped in Radgosc was reported as

868:, meaning "wild", "fierce", or from the Slavic root * 27:

10th to 12th-century federation of West Slavic tribes

2343:

and the sacrifice of his head, stuck on a lance, to

872:

or its Latin equivalent lutum, meaning "swamp". The

5021:

Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig

4112:

Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse

3484:Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Lutizenbundes... 2144:. The conversion of the Lutici was accomplished by 5991:States and territories disestablished in the 1160s 3990:(in German). Frank & Timme. pp. 453–514. 2415:as the superior deity in a large, demonic temple ( 1582:Treaties of Bautzen and Merseburg (disambiguation) 2440:were refuted. Most theories focus on the area of 2370:Thietmar (VI, 23) described Radgosc as a castle ( 2228:(successor of the Obodrite state) as well as the 642:intervened and subdued the northwestern faction. 5982: 3413: 2742: 2740: 2274:, dating to the second half of the 9th century. 1958:In 1110, upon getting news of the defeat of the 1883:. In the winter of 1069, king and later emperor 1485:of Bavaria along with his son and later emperor 831:The most important stronghold of the Lutici was 577: 5215: 5156:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany 3294: 3079: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3035: 3033: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2708: 2706: 2248:Traditionally, the Lutici worshipped nature in 2033:river, and probably in the vicinity of today's 1819: 1615:"Germania", "Gallia" and "Roma" pay hommage to 1286:marches, where the corresponding bishoprics of 3932:(in German). Vol. 30. Walter de Gruyter. 3635: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3482:). In secondary literature: Brüske, Wolfgang: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3377: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3172: 3165: 3163: 3151: 3144: 3142: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3021: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2386:) to the east, supposedly a terrifying sight ( 2025:" and, with reference to the 1121 campaign of 1477:. Among the participants of the campaign were 858: 819:culture and military pressure asserted by the 5160:Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania 4212: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3847: 3845: 3826: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3416:Słowianie Zachodni. Monarchie wczesnofeudalne 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2769: 2737: 2067:In 1127, Kessin was again sacked, along with 1934:Division and conversion of the Lutician areas 645:In 1066, the Lutici succeeded in stirring up 5920:Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement 5443:Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians 5178:Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland 4063: 3877: 3800: 3798: 3770: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3561:, where Nadam/Naclam is identified as Nakel/ 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3190: 3132: 3130: 3065: 3051: 3030: 3005: 2993: 2979: 2943: 2922: 2920: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2801: 2799: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2703: 2056:route which ran from Lake Müritz to Stettin/ 1989:, the emperor's influence in Saxony and the 622:, by which they annihilated the rule of the 3930:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde 3777: 3651: 3642: 3630: 3612: 3567:Das Dorf Nieden. Versuch einer Ortschronik, 3432: 3409: 3407: 3395: 3386: 3327: 3301: 3271: 3253: 3241: 3223: 3181: 3160: 3139: 3113: 3088: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2715: 2678: 2676: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2416: 1700:when Bolesław's envoys negotiated a peace. 1409:of Easter 984, and only at the Quedlinburg 1041:, the Circipani were centered on the upper 4219: 4205: 4147: 3965: 3904: 3886: 3863: 3854: 3842: 3833: 3821: 3807: 3678: 3669: 3450: 3350: 3348: 2865: 2847: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2390:). The castle was surrounded by woodland ( 2306:) by Adam of Bremen (II, 21; III, 51) and 1688:, and by 1005 mounted a counteroffensive. 76: 4081:(37). Münster/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 4072: 3795: 3786: 3765: 3751: 3737: 3715: 3701: 3583:Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg, 3357: 3199: 3127: 3104: 2917: 2897: 2796: 2749: 2559:. It also caused the creation of a local 2404:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 2367:in 1126/27, without specifying its name. 2328:, they bid farewell when they go to war, 1396:as well as the Christian Obodrite prince 811:) were minor, while differences with the 757:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 4226: 4128: 4004: 3404: 2929: 2881: 2829: 2817: 2685: 2673: 2637: 2281: 2093: 1954:to subjugate the Slavic Lutici, in 1121. 1937: 1859: 1781: 1312: 1049:, and the Redarians lived south of Lake 704:were likewise organized in four tribes ( 5011:Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany 4109: 3923: 3345: 2609: 2125:rivers had by then been subdued by the 2109:The eastern Lutician areas between the 1576:German–Lutician alliance against Poland 1388:, and the Christian West Slavic dukes 105:none, only political/religious centre: 14: 5983: 5166:Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany 4847:Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939 3984: 3946: 2582: 1777: 1425:in the initial stage of the uprising. 59:the symbol supposedly associated with 5564: 5214: 4956: 4548:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 4406:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 4286: 4200: 4044: 4023: 1377:(Aix-la-Chapelle) on Christmas 983. 839:. After a period of dominance by the 835:or Riedegost in the territory of the 5438:WWII flight and expulsion of Germans 647:a revolt against the Obodrite elites 578:(known by various spelling variants) 5130:Evangelical State Church in Prussia 4857:Free City of Danzig 1920–1939 2452:12th-century burial site at Sanzkow 2277: 1345:was weakened by the defeat emperor 1188:(Poland 1454/1466 – 1772) 548: 24: 4957: 4287: 3949:Frühzeit zwischen Ostsee und Donau 2103:Pomeranian Dukes' Castle, Szczecin 1341:The uprising had started when the 843:, centered on the other important 25: 6012: 5851:North German Confederation Treaty 4165: 2481:, and there is also evidence for 2347:. The last historical record of " 2138:converted to Christianity in 1128 1317:Lutician federation (983–1056/57) 1084:for the Circipanians; as well as 760:, referring to the year of 1056. 691: 5026:Apostolic Administration of Tütz 4438:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952 2286:Information board near the lake 1877:"Iohannes" (Johann, John Scotus) 1608: 1590: 1267: 1124: 1119: 864:derive from the ur-Slavic root * 603:(Kessini, Kycini, Chizzini) and 518: 501: 484: 467: 450: 436: 405: 391: 49: 4934:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship 4903:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998 4872:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975 4688:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 3916: 3895: 3692: 3660: 3596: 3547: 3525: 3468: 3042: 2970: 2961: 2808: 2787: 2778: 2587:. Manchester University Press. 1930:with 300 Slavs and 200 Saxons. 1629:paying hommage to the emperors 763: 5082:Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień 4892:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4882:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 4877:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4789:Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo 4705:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 4700:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4585:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4580:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4575:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 4570:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4458:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4433:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4064:Müller-Wille, Michael (1991). 2976:Petersohn (2003), pp. 108, 111 2694: 2664: 2655: 2576: 2532: 2495:List of medieval Slavic tribes 1150:(pre – 13th century) 1144:(983 – 12th century) 884:Spelling variants of "Lutici" 13: 1: 5135:Pomeranian Evangelical Church 5072:Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg 4985:Christianization of Pomerania 4862:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia 4832:Free City of Danzig 1807–1814 3966:Garipzanov, Ildar H. (2008). 3178:Herrmann (1985), pp. 359, 360 3157:Herrmann (1985), pp. 358, 359 3085:Herrmann (1985), pp. 356, 358 3048:Petersohn (2003), pp. 121-122 2570: 2538:Compared to the original old 2360:Ottonis episcopi Bambergensis 2298:by Thietmar (VI, 23), and as 2148:, who had also missioned the 2073:Adolf I, Count of Schauenburg 1981:, who had recently been made 559:high priests as local rulers. 42:10th century – 1168 5944:Treaty of Good Neighbourship 5794:Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) 5565: 5483:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch 5190:Pentecostal Church in Poland 5151:Protestant Church in Germany 4887:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998 4867:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975 4075:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3573:village. Herrmann, Joachim: 3383:Herrmann (1985), pp. 366-367 2152:and the tribes on the lower 1820:Civil wars and Obodrite rule 1336:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor 7: 5938:German–Polish Border Treaty 5932:German Reunification Treaty 5183:Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław 4922:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 4809:State of the Teutonic Order 4599:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 4476:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 4148:Stülzebach, Annett (1998). 4129:Schultze, Johannes (1964). 4009:. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. 3924:Brather, Sebastian (2001). 3883:Herrmann (1985), pp. 60, 61 3698:Schmidt (2009), pp. 267–268 3196:Hengst (2005), pp. 496, 497 3027:Petersohn (2003), pp. 101ff 2593:10.7765/9781526112774.00008 2488: 2380:tres in se continens portas 2243: 1661:whom he wanted to integrate 1509:, as well as the margraves 1499:the archbishop of Magdeburg 1056: 859:Names and spelling variants 668:(west), the re-constituted 551: In addition to tribal 399:Confederation of the Veleti 265:(missionaries, some nobles) 10: 6017: 5827:Polish Partitions Treaties 4110:Schmidt, Roderich (2009). 4005:Herrmann, Joachim (1985). 3354:Müller-Wille (1991), p. 94 2661:Fritze (1982), pp. 135-36. 2520: 2230:Margraviate of Brandenburg 2150:Pomeranians (Slavic tribe) 1846:Bernard II, Duke of Saxony 1579: 1505:with his suffragan Eiko), 1271: 1182:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia 1154:Margraviate of Brandenburg 1099: 876:original might have been * 674:Margraviate of Brandenburg 5807: 5711: 5575: 5571: 5560: 5508: 5458: 5451: 5418: 5322: 5231: 5227: 5210: 5143: 5113: 5104: 5049: 5031:Prelature of Schneidemühl 4976: 4967: 4963: 4952: 4842:Posen-West Prussia Region 4729: 4614: 4486: 4297: 4293: 4282: 4234: 3901:Stülzebach (1998), p. 108 3783:Schmidt (2009), pp. 85-98 3414:Andrzej Michałek (2007). 2775:Garipzanov (2008), p. 200 2746:Garipzanov (2008), p. 198 2401:Adam of Bremen wrote his 1967:German-Polish War of 1109 1918:to quell a revolt of the 1529:, and the latter's rival 1349:had suffered against the 1045:, the Tollensians on the 649:, in the course of which 544: 534: 370: 366: 349: 331: 321: 317: 309: 298: 290: 270: 150:, the known major cults: 142: 132: 100: 84: 75: 46: 41: 34: 5962:Treaty of Accession 2003 5419:Major demographic events 4991:Diocese of Wollin/Cammin 4681:Lauenburg and Bütow Land 4676:Brandenburgian Pomerania 4536:Brandenburgian Pomerania 4239:10,000 BC – 600 AD 4159:(in German) (1): 97–121. 4087:10.1515/9783110179149.99 3418:. Bellona. p. 102. 3076:Petersohn (2003), p. 138 3062:Petersohn (2003), p. 137 3039:Petersohn (2003), p. 107 3018:Petersohn (2003), p. 103 3002:Petersohn (2003), p. 109 2990:Petersohn (2003), p. 108 2967:Petersohn (2003), p. 136 2958:Petersohn (2003), p. 102 2712:Petersohn (2003), p. 101 2542:, the pagan religion of 2525: 2009:advanced from the lower 1665:renovatio imperii Romani 1435:Annales Quedlinburgensis 241:of minor cults (unnamed 5829:(1772/1773, 1793, 1795) 5232:Archaeological cultures 4391:Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp 4068:(in German). Wachholtz. 3666:Schultze (1964), p. 142 3657:Herrmann (1985), p. 385 3648:Herrmann (1985), p. 384 3639:Herrmann (1985), p. 382 3627:Herrmann (1985), p. 381 3581:and Enders, Lieselott: 3565:). Richter, Friedrich: 3447:Herrmann (1985), p. 380 3401:Herrmann (1985), p. 379 3392:Herrmann (1985), p. 367 3342:Herrmann (1985), p. 365 3324:Herrmann (1985), p. 366 3298:Herrmann (1985), p. 364 3268:Herrmann (1985), p. 363 3250:Herrmann (1985), p. 362 3238:Herrmann (1985), p. 361 3187:Herrmann (1985), p. 360 3169:Herrmann (1985), p. 359 3148:Herrmann (1985), p. 358 3124:Herrmann (1985), p. 357 3101:Herrmann (1985), p. 356 2814:Lübke (2002), pp. 98-99 2734:Herrmann (1985), p. 261 1900:Investiture Controversy 1840:. After Obodrite ruler 1619:(between 1007 and 1012) 1527:Boleslaus II of Bohemia 1390:Boleslaus II of Bohemia 1357:(982). Otto II died in 1206:(1918 – 1947) 1200:(1701 – 1918) 1194:(1618 – 1701) 1174:(1525 – 1618) 1168:(1356 – 1806) 1162:(1224 – 1525) 547: 123:(since 12th cent.–1168) 5857:Peace of Prague (1866) 5452:Languages and dialects 5122:Protestant Reformation 4917:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4820:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4719:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4664:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4604:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4466:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 3928:. Ergänzungsbände zum 3910:Herrmann (1985), p. 63 3892:Herrmann (1985), p. 62 3874:Herrmann (1985), p. 61 3860:Herrmann (1985), p. 64 3851:Herrmann (1985), p. 60 3839:Herrmann (1985), p. 57 3830:Herrmann (1985), p. 56 3818:Herrmann (1985), p. 55 3689:Schmidt (2009), p. 107 3675:Schmidt (2009), p. 106 3465:Schmidt (2009), p. 105 2878:Herrmann (1985), p. 13 2862:Herrmann (1985), p. 14 2784:Lübke (2002), pp. 105f 2700:Fritze (1982), p. 135. 2691:Fritze (1982), p. 140. 2682:Fritze (1982), p. 139. 2670:Fritze (1982), p. 136. 2652:Fritze (1982), p. 138. 2417: 2365:Lothair of Supplinburg 2291: 2106: 2027:Lothair of Supplinburg 1979:Lothair of Supplinburg 1955: 1944:Bolesław III of Poland 1867: 1789: 1667:. Mieszko's successor 1446: 1365:by the archbishops of 1322:institutions, and the 1318: 1259:(1947–1952, from 1990) 1229:(1920–1939, from 1945) 1186:Royal (Polish) Prussia 1166:Elector of Brandenburg 826:libertas more Liuticio 5698:(1448/1468/1472/1479) 5067:Archdiocese of Gdańsk 5057:Archdiocese of Berlin 4448:Bezirk Neubrandenburg 4319:Principality of Rügen 3792:Schmidt (2009), p. 98 3774:Schmidt (2009), p. 78 3762:Schmidt (2009), p. 77 3748:Schmidt (2009), p. 76 3712:Brather (2001), p. 85 3498:vol. 1, Berlin 1961, 3496:Die Mark Brandenburg, 3374:Schmidt (2009), p. 75 3220:Hengst (2005), p. 497 3136:Hengst (2005), p. 496 3110:Hengst (2005), p. 495 2926:Hengst (2005), p. 501 2766:Hengst (2005), p. 500 2467:spondylosis deformans 2351:" is an entry in the 2341:Johann of Mecklenburg 2285: 2097: 2007:Bolesław III Wrymouth 1941: 1863: 1785: 1693:Thietmar of Merseburg 1483:Henry the Quarrelsome 1386:Henry the Quarrelsome 1316: 1241:Recovered Territories 1204:Free State of Prussia 1138:(965 – 983) 1072:for the Tollensians; 780:in the south and the 580:were a federation of 133:Common languages 5691:Thorn, Second (1466) 5092:Diocese of Włocławek 5062:Diocese of Bydgoszcz 4671:Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn 4541:Starostwo of Draheim 4386:Pomerania-Rügenwalde 4376:Pomerania-Neustettin 4228:History of Pomerania 4157:Concilium Medii Aevi 3734:Lübke (2002), p. 104 3504:Geschichte Pommerns, 2914:Lübke (2002), p. 103 2805:Lübke (2002), p. 107 2793:Lübke (2002), p. 106 2442:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2374:) with three horns ( 1987:Battle of Welfesholz 1832:, son-in-law of the 1810:Bretislav of Bohemia 1555:. At the same time, 1523:Bolesław I of Poland 1274:Slavic revolt of 983 732:annals of St. Gallen 666:Duchy of Mecklenburg 636:Bolesław I of Poland 480:March of Brandenburg 291:no sole ruler/leader 57:A black bull's head, 5782:Wehlau and Bromberg 5040:Gorzów Wielkopolski 5006:Diocese of Roskilde 4825:Chełmno Voivodeship 4794:Duchy of Białogarda 3602:Herrmann, Joachim: 2940:Lübke (2002), p. 97 2894:Lübke (2002), p. 99 2844:Lübke (2001), p. 51 2826:Lübke (2002), p. 98 2378:) and three gates ( 2304:Redigast, Riedegost 2195:Bishopric of Wollin 2132:, and the Lutician 2077:king of the Germans 1778:German–Lutician war 1657:Mieszko I of Poland 1489:, also the bishops 1481:, his former rival 1479:Bernard I of Saxony 1475:archbishop of Mainz 1394:Mieszko I of Poland 1363:king of the Germans 1324:Bishop of Oldenburg 1192:Brandenburg-Prussia 1178:Malbork Voivodeship 1142:Lutician federation 1096:for the Redarians. 885: 702:Bavarian Geographer 672:, which became the 595:(Redari, Redarii), 36:Lutician Federation 18:Lutician federation 5886:Molotov–Ribbentrop 5874:Prussian Concordat 5808:1700–present 5669:Eberswalde, Second 5478:Central Pomeranian 5395:German Pomeranians 5360:Slavic Pomeranians 5249:Ertebølle-Ellerbek 5077:Diocese of Pelplin 5001:Diocese of Chełmno 4996:Diocese of Kolberg 4897:Słupsk Voivodeship 4799:Duchy of Lubiszewo 4772:Duchy of Pomerelia 4710:Słupsk Voivodeship 4642:House of Pomerania 4637:Duchy of Pomerania 4590:Słupsk Voivodeship 4563:List of placenames 4504:House of Pomerania 4499:Duchy of Pomerania 4421:List of placenames 4381:Pomerania-Stargard 4329:House of Pomerania 4324:Duchy of Pomerania 4274:1945–present 2551:more resistant to 2353:Annals of Augsburg 2292: 2107: 1960:Holy Roman Emperor 1956: 1942:The expedition of 1868: 1790: 1771:Peace of Merseburg 1669:Bolesław I Chrobry 1557:Adalbert of Prague 1535:Adalbert of Prague 1319: 1247:Kaliningrad Oblast 1198:Kingdom of Prussia 1057:section on Radgosc 883: 736:Battle of Recknitz 724:Widukind of Corvey 684:people during the 678:Duchy of Pomerania 353:Conquest of Arkona 327:10th century 113:(until 12th cent.) 5978: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5651:Eberswalde, First 5556: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5279:Nordic Bronze Age 5206: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5100: 5099: 4948: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4908:Toruń Voivodeship 4623:Farther Pomerania 4489:Farther Pomerania 4428:Enclave of Police 4401:Swedish Pomerania 4366:Pomerania-Wolgast 4361:Pomerania-Schlawe 4356:Pomerania-Stettin 4300:Western Pomerania 4121:978-3-412-20436-5 4016:978-0-376-08338-8 3977:978-2-503-52615-7 3502:; Eggert, Oskar: 3425:978-83-11-10737-3 2602:978-1-5261-1277-4 2460:burial site near 2218:Holy Roman Empire 2206:Albrecht the Bear 1896:Bruno of Querfurt 1627:Holy Roman Empire 1343:Holy Roman Empire 1265: 1264: 1028: 1027: 853:Holy Roman Empire 821:Holy Roman Empire 776:in the west, the 717:Helmold von Bosau 676:(south), and the 624:Holy Roman Empire 567: 566: 530: 529: 526: 525: 446:Holy Roman Empire 424: 423: 417:(Duchy of Saxony) 262:Roman Catholicism 109:Rethra or Radgosc 16:(Redirected from 6008: 5950:Polish Concordat 5914:Helsinki Accords 5868:Polish Concordat 5629:Stralsund (1370) 5624:Stralsund (1354) 5573: 5572: 5562: 5561: 5456: 5455: 5426:Migration Period 5314:Dębczyn (Denzin) 5229: 5228: 5212: 5211: 5111: 5110: 5087:Diocese of Toruń 4974: 4973: 4965: 4964: 4954: 4953: 4804:Duchy of Świecie 4767:Danish Pomerelia 4762:Polish Pomerelia 4755: 4630: 4443:Bezirk Frankfurt 4416:Stralsund Region 4351:Pomerania-Demmin 4295: 4294: 4284: 4283: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4198: 4197: 4160: 4154: 4144: 4125: 4106: 4069: 4060: 4041: 4020: 4001: 3981: 3962: 3943: 3911: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3840: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3819: 3816: 3805: 3802: 3793: 3790: 3784: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3763: 3760: 3749: 3746: 3735: 3732: 3713: 3710: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3676: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3628: 3625: 3610: 3600: 3594: 3553:Primary source: 3551: 3545: 3529: 3523: 3474:Primary source: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3448: 3445: 3430: 3429: 3411: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3355: 3352: 3343: 3340: 3325: 3322: 3299: 3296: 3269: 3266: 3251: 3248: 3239: 3236: 3221: 3218: 3197: 3194: 3188: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3137: 3134: 3125: 3122: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3074: 3063: 3060: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3028: 3025: 3019: 3016: 3003: 3000: 2991: 2988: 2977: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2941: 2938: 2927: 2924: 2915: 2912: 2895: 2892: 2879: 2876: 2863: 2860: 2845: 2842: 2827: 2824: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2794: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2747: 2744: 2735: 2732: 2713: 2710: 2701: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2671: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2635: 2628: 2607: 2606: 2585:Ottonian Germany 2580: 2564: 2553:Christianization 2536: 2420: 2409:sedes ydolatriae 2278:Radgosc (Rethra) 2210:House of Ascania 1950:and east of the 1892:Otto of Northeim 1744:Canute the Great 1735:Peace of Bautzen 1612: 1594: 1525:, a son of duke 1223:area (from 1918) 1172:Duchy of Prussia 1128: 1123: 1104: 1103: 886: 882: 632:Northern Marches 560: 522: 514:March of Lusatia 505: 488: 471: 454: 440: 428: 427: 419: 418: 409: 395: 388: 387: 372: 371: 305:of social elites 303:Popular assembly 266: 125: 124: 115: 114: 80: 69: 58: 53: 32: 31: 21: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6005: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5966: 5880:Reichskonkordat 5803: 5712:1500–1700 5707: 5680:Brześć Kujawski 5640:Raciążek (1404) 5576:1200–1500 5567: 5544: 5504: 5500:Standard German 5493:West Pomeranian 5488:East Pomeranian 5447: 5414: 5318: 5223: 5194: 5139: 5096: 5045: 4959: 4940: 4927:Gmina Biały Bór 4851:Polish Corridor 4784:Duchy of Gdańsk 4750: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4725: 4625: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4616:Lauenburg-Bütow 4610: 4529:Pomerania-Stolp 4492: 4491: 4482: 4396:Pomerania-Barth 4371:Pomerania-Stolp 4302: 4289: 4278: 4269:1933–1945 4264:1806–1933 4259:1500–1806 4254:1300–1500 4249:1100–1300 4230: 4225: 4168: 4163: 4152: 4141: 4122: 4057: 4038: 4017: 3998: 3978: 3959: 3940: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3864: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3822: 3817: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3766: 3761: 3752: 3747: 3738: 3733: 3716: 3711: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3631: 3626: 3613: 3601: 3597: 3552: 3548: 3530: 3526: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3451: 3446: 3433: 3426: 3412: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3358: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3328: 3323: 3302: 3297: 3272: 3267: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3224: 3219: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3140: 3135: 3128: 3123: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3066: 3061: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3006: 3001: 2994: 2989: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2944: 2939: 2930: 2925: 2918: 2913: 2898: 2893: 2882: 2877: 2866: 2861: 2848: 2843: 2830: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2733: 2716: 2711: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2638: 2629: 2610: 2603: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2540:Slavic religion 2537: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2491: 2454: 2448:in particular. 2280: 2246: 2214:Wendish Crusade 2146:Otto of Bamberg 2142:dux Liuticiorum 2127:Pomeranian duke 2099:Otto of Bamberg 1936: 1894:. According to 1848:. According to 1822: 1808:, supported by 1780: 1720:Hermann Billung 1653: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1613: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1595: 1584: 1578: 1430:Duchy of Saxony 1355:Battle of Stilo 1276: 1270: 1227:Klaipėda Region 1102: 1035: 898:Polonized form 895:Germanized form 892:Anglicized form 889:Latinized form* 861: 766: 713:Adam von Bremen 694: 620:uprising of 983 563: 497:Duchy of Saxony 416: 415: 413: 359: 342: 324: 264: 148:Slavic paganism 137:Polabian Slavic 128: 122: 121: 112: 111: 94:Polabian Slavic 71: 70: 64: 56: 54: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6014: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5996:Polabian Slavs 5993: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5779: 5773: 5771:Stettin (1653) 5768: 5762: 5760:Stettin (1630) 5757: 5751: 5749:Stettin (1570) 5746: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5677: 5675:Łęczyca (1433) 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5637: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5579: 5577: 5569: 5568: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5525: 5520: 5514: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5464: 5462: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5355:Vistula Veneti 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5254:Linear Pottery 5251: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5233: 5225: 5224: 5208: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5117: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4980: 4978: 4971: 4969:Roman Catholic 4961: 4960: 4958:Ecclesiastical 4950: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4919: 4911: 4905: 4900: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4769: 4764: 4758: 4756: 4747:Tuchola Forest 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4713: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4673: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4633: 4631: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4593: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4553:Stettin Region 4545: 4544: 4543: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4495: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4460: 4455: 4453:Bezirk Rostock 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4411:Stettin Region 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4321: 4316: 4314:Northern March 4311: 4305: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4290: 4288:Administrative 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4244:600–1100 4241: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4224: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4167: 4166:External links 4164: 4162: 4161: 4145: 4139: 4126: 4120: 4107: 4070: 4061: 4055: 4042: 4036: 4021: 4015: 4002: 3996: 3982: 3976: 3963: 3957: 3944: 3938: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3862: 3853: 3841: 3832: 3820: 3806: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3764: 3750: 3736: 3714: 3700: 3691: 3677: 3668: 3659: 3650: 3641: 3629: 3611: 3595: 3546: 3524: 3467: 3449: 3431: 3424: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3356: 3344: 3326: 3300: 3270: 3252: 3240: 3222: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3171: 3159: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3112: 3103: 3087: 3078: 3064: 3050: 3041: 3029: 3020: 3004: 2992: 2978: 2969: 2960: 2942: 2928: 2916: 2896: 2880: 2864: 2846: 2828: 2816: 2807: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2748: 2736: 2714: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2672: 2663: 2654: 2636: 2630:Lübke (2001), 2608: 2601: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2549:Polabian Slavs 2544:Polabian Slavs 2530: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2505:Polabian Slavs 2502: 2497: 2490: 2487: 2471:osteoarthritis 2453: 2450: 2388:horribile visu 2337:civitas Rethre 2279: 2276: 2245: 2242: 2220:'s duchies of 1996:Northern March 1983:Duke of Saxony 1935: 1932: 1850:Adam of Bremen 1838:Sven Estridson 1821: 1818: 1779: 1776: 1624: 1623: 1614: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1601:(c. 1000) 1596: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1577: 1574: 1553:pope Gregory V 1439:scorched earth 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1250: 1244: 1230: 1224: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1160:Teutonic Order 1157: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1136:Northern March 1130: 1129: 1116: 1115: 1101: 1098: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 998: 997: 994: 991: 988: 984: 983: 980: 977: 974: 970: 969: 966: 963: 960: 956: 955: 952: 949: 946: 942: 941: 938: 935: 932: 928: 927: 924: 921: 918: 914: 913: 910: 907: 904: 900: 899: 896: 893: 890: 860: 857: 847:stronghold of 765: 762: 693: 692:Veleti origins 690: 670:Northern March 565: 564: 562: 561: 553:princes/chiefs 545: 542: 541: 536: 532: 531: 528: 527: 524: 523: 516: 507: 506: 499: 490: 489: 482: 473: 472: 465: 463:Northern March 456: 455: 448: 442: 441: 434: 425: 422: 421: 410: 402: 401: 396: 384: 383: 378: 368: 367: 364: 363: 360: 350: 347: 346: 343: 332: 329: 328: 325: 323:• Formed 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 300: 296: 295: 292: 288: 287: 272: 268: 267: 260: 259: 250: 235: 229: 216: 207: 186: 177: 164: 162:Rethra-Radgosc 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 127: 126: 116: 104: 102: 98: 97: 86: 82: 81: 73: 72: 55: 48: 47: 44: 43: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6013: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5926:Two Plus Four 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5909:Warsaw (1970) 5907: 5905: 5904:Moscow (1970) 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5821:Frederiksborg 5819: 5817:(1719 / 1720) 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5686:Soldin (1466) 5684: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5601:Soldin (1309) 5599: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5559: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5460:West Germanic 5457: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4951: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4913:Contemporary 4912: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4814:Royal Prussia 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4715:Contemporary 4714: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4693:Köslin Region 4691: 4690: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4659:Royal Prussia 4657: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4647:List of Dukes 4645: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4624: 4620:classified as 4617: 4613: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4595:Contemporary 4594: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4558:Köslin Region 4556: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4519:Schlawe-Stolp 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4509:List of Dukes 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4462:Contemporary 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334:List of Dukes 4332: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4309:Billung March 4307: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4158: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4140:3-11-000457-7 4136: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4077:(in German). 4076: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4056:3-05-003749-0 4052: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4037:3-11-017163-5 4033: 4029: 4028: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3997:3-86596-015-4 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3958:3-428-05151-3 3954: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3939:3-11-017061-2 3935: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3857: 3848: 3846: 3836: 3827: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3789: 3780: 3771: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3695: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3672: 3663: 3654: 3645: 3636: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3528: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3408: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3193: 3184: 3175: 3166: 3164: 3154: 3145: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3107: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3045: 3036: 3034: 3024: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2973: 2964: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2823: 2821: 2811: 2802: 2800: 2790: 2781: 2772: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2697: 2688: 2679: 2677: 2667: 2658: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2633: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2604: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2575: 2562: 2558: 2557:folk religion 2554: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2289: 2284: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2250:sacred groves 2241: 2239: 2238:German people 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2136:of this area 2135: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1784: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1618: 1611: 1600: 1593: 1583: 1573: 1571: 1570:Old Prussians 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1533:, brother of 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1491:of Regensburg 1488: 1487:Henry IV (II) 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1315: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1268:Revolt of 983 1258: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148:Old Prussians 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 999: 995: 992: 989: 986: 985: 981: 978: 975: 972: 971: 967: 964: 961: 958: 957: 953: 950: 947: 944: 943: 939: 936: 933: 930: 929: 925: 922: 919: 916: 915: 911: 908: 905: 902: 901: 897: 894: 891: 888: 887: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 829: 827: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 790: 786: 783: 779: 775: 771: 761: 759: 758: 753: 747: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 699: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 599:(Circipani), 598: 594: 590: 586: 583: 579: 576: 572: 558: 554: 550: 546: 543: 540: 537: 535:Today part of 533: 521: 517: 515: 513: 509: 508: 504: 500: 498: 496: 492: 491: 487: 483: 481: 479: 475: 474: 470: 466: 464: 462: 458: 457: 453: 449: 447: 444: 443: 439: 435: 433: 432:Rani of Rügen 430: 429: 426: 420: 414:Billung March 411: 408: 404: 403: 400: 397: 394: 390: 389: 386: 385: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 369: 365: 361: 358: 354: 348: 344: 340: 336: 330: 326: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 301: 297: 293: 289: 286: 283: 279: 276: 273: 269: 263: 258: 255:according to 254: 251: 248: 244: 240: 236: 233: 230: 228: 224: 220: 217: 215: 211: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 187: 185: 181: 178: 176: 172: 168: 165: 163: 159: 155: 152: 151: 149: 145: 141: 138: 135: 131: 120: 117: 110: 107: 106: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 74: 68: 62: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 5645:Thorn, First 5473:Low Prussian 5430: 5384: 5274:Comb Ceramic 5259:Funnelbeaker 5221:anthropology 5120: 5038:with see in 4983: 4837:West Prussia 4752:Chełmno Land 4156: 4130: 4111: 4078: 4074: 4065: 4046: 4025: 4006: 3987: 3967: 3948: 3925: 3917:Bibliography 3906: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3856: 3835: 3788: 3779: 3694: 3671: 3662: 3653: 3644: 3603: 3598: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3566: 3555:Herbord II.5 3549: 3539: 3532: 3527: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3470: 3415: 3397: 3388: 3379: 3192: 3183: 3174: 3153: 3106: 3081: 3044: 3023: 2972: 2963: 2810: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2696: 2687: 2666: 2657: 2584: 2578: 2534: 2483:trepanations 2455: 2434:Wanzka Abbey 2427: 2422: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2369: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2336: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2293: 2264: 2247: 2199: 2171: 2141: 2133: 2108: 2066: 2047: 2000: 1957: 1889: 1881:sacred horse 1869: 1823: 1814: 1791: 1748: 1732: 1726:river, near 1717: 1702: 1690: 1664: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1550: 1539: 1459: 1455: 1451:Gerd Althoff 1434: 1427: 1419:Nordalbingia 1415: 1410: 1404: 1379: 1340: 1320: 1307: 1299: 1277: 1141: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1054: 1036: 877: 869: 865: 862: 830: 825: 798: 791: 787: 767: 764:Organization 755: 748: 740: 721: 710: 705: 695: 663: 644: 617: 597:Circipanians 574: 570: 568: 549: 511: 494: 477: 460: 381:Succeeded by 380: 375: 345:12th century 88:Independent 29: 5799:Lund (1679) 5612:Ueckermünde 5510:West Slavic 5432:Ostsiedlung 5410:Slovincians 5269:Corded Ware 5244:Maglemosian 4471:Brandenburg 2561:theocracies 2446:Tollensesee 2234:Ostsiedlung 2226:Mecklenburg 2130:Wartislaw I 2087:river, was 2081:Knud Lavard 1681:Quedlinburg 1675:homage for 1402:Quedlinburg 1332:Mecklenburg 1288:Brandenburg 1257:Brandenburg 1249:(from 1945) 1243:(from 1945) 1156:(1157–1618) 1109:Brandenburg 1107:History of 1078:Zcirizspani 1051:Tollensesee 809:Pomeranians 686:Ostsiedlung 605:Tollensians 582:West Slavic 376:Preceded by 341:, collapse 299:Legislature 285:theocracies 247:Tollensesee 5985:Categories 5862:Versailles 5765:Westphalia 5538:Slovincian 5528:Pomeranian 5468:Low German 5400:Kashubians 5294:Pomeranian 5217:Demography 5114:Historical 5106:Protestant 4977:Historical 4816:1466–1793 4777:Samborides 4652:Partitions 4524:Partitions 4344:Partitions 2571:References 2444:, and the 2272:Groß Raden 2257:temple at 2204:river, to 1830:Gottschalk 1751:Mieszko II 1709:Regensburg 1580:See also: 1546:Slavnikids 1338:, in 995. 1272:See also: 1018:Liutizians 1004:Leutizians 976:Liutitians 934:Liuticians 920:Leuticians 657:temple at 601:Kessinians 362: 1168 278:monarchies 271:Government 243:twins gods 239:polytheism 234:(disputed) 219:Chernoglav 154:Svarozhich 90:federation 63:and their 5898:Zgorzelec 5815:Stockholm 5754:Franzburg 5663:Perleberg 5533:Kashubian 5390:Velunzani 5350:Vidivarii 5264:Havelland 5042:1945–1972 4910:1975–1998 4899:1975–1998 4731:Pomerelia 4712:1975–1998 4628:Pomerelia 4592:1975–1998 4103:184121112 4095:0071-9706 3571:Uckermark 3559:MGH SS 20 3543:(preview) 3536:(preview) 3480:MGH SS 12 3476:Ebo III.4 2634:XIX p. 51 2500:Obotrites 2423:tricornis 2376:tricornis 2345:Riedegost 2296:Zuarasici 2255:Svantevit 2222:Pomerania 2162:Wolinians 2105:(Stettin) 2050:Magdeburg 2039:Ukrainian 2035:Stralsund 1975:Redarians 1971:Dołężanie 1916:Havelberg 1873:Ratzeburg 1806:Conrad II 1787:Conrad II 1755:Conrad II 1705:Magdeburg 1647:Sclavinia 1561:Ingelheim 1507:of Meißen 1463:Theophanu 1308:Stodorani 1296:Obodrites 1292:Havelberg 1221:Działdowo 1082:Zerezpani 1074:Circipani 1066:Tolensane 990:Lutizians 962:Lutitians 906:Luticians 817:Christian 801:Obodrites 774:Mildenitz 655:Swantewit 640:Obodrites 593:Redarians 253:Chernobog 232:Pripegala 214:Brennabor 184:Havelberg 146:Polabian 143:Religion 61:Redarians 6001:Lechites 5737:Augsburg 5731:Grimnitz 5696:Prenzlau 5566:Treaties 5518:Polabian 5365:Prissani 5304:Wielbark 5284:Lusatian 4742:Kociewie 4737:Kashubia 2489:See also 2475:vampires 2430:Feldberg 2413:Redigast 2316:Svarožič 2300:Redigost 2268:Feldberg 2244:Religion 2158:Prissani 2134:primores 2115:Tollense 2058:Szczecin 1973:and the 1948:Szczecin 1885:Henry IV 1865:Henry IV 1826:Obodrite 1802:Burgundy 1739:Obodrite 1673:Henry II 1639:Henry II 1631:Otto III 1617:Henry II 1599:Otto III 1531:Soběslav 1503:Giselher 1495:Freising 1471:Willigis 1467:Adelaide 1382:Bavarian 1351:Saracens 1300:Abodriti 1280:Northern 1070:Tholenzi 1047:Tollense 1021:Liutizen 1007:Leutizen 874:Polabian 794:Thietmar 743:Ottonian 738:(Raxa). 706:regiones 585:Polabian 335:Conquest 201:Charenza 189:Rugiewit 167:Svetovid 158:Radegast 65:capital 5892:Potsdam 5606:Templin 5583:Kremmen 5340:Lemovii 5323:Peoples 5299:Oksywie 5289:Jastorf 5239:Hamburg 4339:Gützkow 3608:p. 122. 3579:p. 122. 2521:Sources 2479:denture 2458:Sanzkow 2396:vexilla 2308:Helmold 2208:of the 2182:Gützkow 2178:Wolgast 2062:Gützkow 2054:Malchow 2023:Gützkow 1991:Wendish 1965:in the 1963:Henry V 1924:Brisani 1920:Hevelli 1842:Ratibor 1828:prince 1796:on the 1763:Hevelli 1686:Lusatia 1677:Bohemia 1663:in his 1521:'s son 1519:Mieszko 1517:, duke 1515:Liuthar 1423:Altmark 1398:Mstivoj 1371:Ravenna 1353:in the 1347:Otto II 1328:Hamburg 1304:Hevelli 1284:Billung 1239:within 1237:Masuria 1213:Present 1184:within 1113:Prussia 1100:History 1090:Redarii 1086:Riaderi 1015:Liutizi 1001:Leutizi 993:Lutizen 959:Lutitii 945:Lyutici 931:Liutici 917:Leutici 912:Lucice 878:L'utici 845:Wendish 841:Hevelli 837:Redarii 833:Radgosc 805:Hevelli 728:Henry I 628:Billung 626:in the 613:Radgosc 589:Germany 575:Liutizi 539:Germany 351:• 333:• 310:History 257:Helmold 223:Jasmund 210:Triglav 197:Porewit 193:Porenut 180:Gerovit 101:Capital 5958:(1996) 5952:(1993) 5946:(1991) 5940:(1991) 5934:(1990) 5928:(1990) 5922:(1989) 5916:(1975) 5900:(1951) 5894:(1945) 5888:(1939) 5882:(1933) 5876:(1929) 5870:(1925) 5864:(1919) 5853:(1866) 5847:(1815) 5845:Vienna 5841:(1814) 5835:(1807) 5833:Tilsit 5823:(1720) 5790:(1660) 5784:(1657) 5778:(1656) 5776:Labiau 5767:(1648) 5756:(1627) 5745:(1569) 5743:Lublin 5739:(1555) 5733:(1529) 5727:(1525) 5725:Kraków 5721:(1521) 5704:(1493) 5702:Pyritz 5682:(1435) 5671:(1427) 5665:(1427) 5659:(1422) 5653:(1415) 5647:(1411) 5636:(1390) 5634:Pyzdry 5620:(1343) 5618:Kalisz 5614:(1327) 5608:(1317) 5597:(1282) 5591:(1250) 5589:Landin 5585:(1236) 5523:Polish 5385:Lutici 5380:Veleti 5375:Ukrani 5330:Gepids 5309:Gustow 5144:Extant 5050:Extant 4514:Cammin 4137: 4118: 4101: 4093: 4053: 4034: 4013: 3994: 3974: 3955: 3936: 3422: 2599: 2510:Veleti 2462:Demmin 2438:Gnoien 2320:Svarog 2259:Arkona 2212:. The 2174:Usedom 2166:Demmin 2119:Uecker 2089:Niklot 2043:Nieden 2019:Demmin 2015:Müritz 2003:Kessin 1928:Linoni 1834:Danish 1794:Werben 1767:Pöhlde 1728:Wurzen 1713:Amberg 1698:Poznań 1637:) and 1542:Libice 1469:, and 1411:Hoftag 1406:Hoftag 1375:Aachen 1306:(also 1302:) and 1298:(also 1253:Berlin 1233:Warmia 1094:Rederi 1092:, and 1039:Warnow 987:Lutizi 903:Lutici 849:Brenna 770:Warnow 752:Saxony 698:Veleti 682:German 659:Arkona 609:Veleti 571:Lutici 339:Rethra 313: 294: 171:Arkona 119:Arkona 96:tribes 85:Status 67:Rethra 5788:Oliva 5719:Thorn 5657:Melno 5595:Kępno 5405:Poles 5345:Rugii 5335:Goths 4153:(PDF) 4099:S2CID 3591:p. 75 3563:Nakło 3500:p. 59 3488:p. 94 2526:Notes 2515:Wends 2392:silva 2358:Vita 2349:Rheda 2288:Lieps 2202:Peene 2111:Peene 2085:Peene 2069:Werle 2031:Peene 1912:Havel 1908:Kruto 1904:Henry 1854:Gesta 1836:jarl 1759:Saale 1742:king 1724:Mulde 1643:below 1635:above 1565:Mainz 1443:Latin 1384:duke 1367:Mainz 1059:below 1043:Peene 866:ljutъ 813:Saxon 778:Havel 557:pagan 357:Danes 282:pagan 275:Petty 245:near 237:folk 227:Rügen 205:Rügen 191:with 175:Rügen 5839:Kiel 5370:Rani 5219:and 4135:ISBN 4116:ISBN 4091:ISSN 4051:ISBN 4032:ISBN 4011:ISBN 3992:ISBN 3972:ISBN 3953:ISBN 3934:ISBN 3557:(in 3538:and 3478:(in 3420:ISBN 2597:ISBN 2384:mare 2372:urbs 2312:xvar 2224:and 2190:Rome 2186:Oder 2180:and 2160:and 2154:Oder 2123:Oder 2121:and 2021:and 2011:Oder 1969:the 1952:Oder 1922:and 1798:Elbe 1733:The 1645:). 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