655:
667:, had around 2,000 men in the area. French battalions, including a unit of Imperial Grenadiers, made two assaults on the guns, but both were repulsed, and the Spaniards captured a French colonel. A third wave of French troops reached the artillery lines and fired into the barracks, killing many of the defenders including Velarde, before charging with fixed bayonets. Hunter claimed that Daoíz, who had been shot in the hip, continued to issue orders despite his wound and was wounded twice more whilst fighting the French with his sabre. Daoíz is said to have been stabbed in the back with a bayonet and killed whilst approaching a French officer waving a white flag of truce. The dying Daoíz was dragged away by his men, who continued to fight within the barracks buildings before surrendering at the request of Spanish Captain-General the
680:
145:
487:
614:
725:
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with a French soldier he overheard insulting Spain in a tavern. On 2 May a crowd, hearing of French plans to send members of the
Spanish royal family away to France, gathered outside the Royal Palace in Madrid to protest. It is not known how the fighting started, but the British consul, John Hunter, recorded that by 11 am French troops were firing musket volleys into the crowded square and fighting had spread across Madrid. French troops were dispatched to take possession of the Spanish barracks to secure their arms and ammunition.
647:, he decided that the French troops were hostile to Spain and that they would defend the barracks against any French interference. By this time a large crowd of civilians had gathered at the barracks, requesting weapons with which to oppose the French, and Daoíz ordered the armoury opened to them. With 9 cannon, and 120 soldiers and armed civilians under his command, Daoíz now made arrangements for the defence of the barracks. A battery of 24-pounder guns were placed at the main gate facing into the street and were loaded with
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69:
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In 1852 a plaque was erected on the spot where Daoíz's house stood in
Seville, being replaced in 1869 by a twice lifesize statue depicting the pivotal moment of the Dos de Mayo when Daoíz decided to disobey his orders and resist the French. A monument commemorating the "Martyrs of Liberty" who died
371:
Luis Daoíz was born on 10 February 1767 and baptised the same day as "Luis
Gonzaga Guillermo Escolástica Manuel José Joaquín Ana y Juan de la Soledad Daoíz Torres". Daoíz lived for much of his childhood at the palace in Calle del Horno, spending some of his summers at a house in Calle Iglesia (now
631:
was ordered to Madrid with 30,000 troops and began taking control of the main palaces and barracks of the city, which had just 2-4,000 Spanish troops in its garrison. The presence of a French garrison was resented by much of the populace and Daoíz himself had to be restrained from fighting a duel
418:
on 9 February 1787. According to his entrance report he had a dark complexion, brown hair, large eyes and a small stature, being less than five feet tall. At the school Daoíz excelled at mathematics and sports, in particular saber fencing and was able to speak French, English, Italian and Latin in
690:
The French surgeon is said to have insisted on treating Daoíz before tending to his own men, but his efforts were in vain and Daoíz was buried in the Church of St Martin alongside his men. Velarde, who spearheaded the uprising alongside Daoíz, was also killed, but another artillery officer,
776:
military honour is awarded once every five years to an artillery officer in the
Spanish Army. The award in memory of Daoíz is for services to the nation in the preceding five years and the honorary sabre is presented by the monarch in a ceremony held at the Alcázar of Segovia on 2 May.
743:
Daoíz is commemorated as a leader of the initial resistance against French rule in Spain and, along with
Velarde, is remembered in many monuments across the country. The ashes of Daoíz and Velarde, with those of others involved in the Dos de Mayo uprising, were transferred to the
662:
According to Hunter, when the first French troops advanced up the street to take possession of the barracks, they were fired upon and several were killed before they halted to await reinforcements and occupy neighbouring buildings. Soon the French commanding officer, General
565:
on 4 March 1800, whilst at sea. He did not enjoy the long trips away from Spain and requested a land based posting, serving initially as a lieutenant in the infantry before joining the newly formed 3rd
Artillery Regiment of Seville on 7 July 1802. Had he stayed aboard the
768:
on 2 and 3 May stands on the spot of Murat's executions and contains representations of both Daoíz and
Velarde. A monument to Daoíz also stands in Segovia, where he studied at the artillery academy and in Madrid the two statues of lions that stand outside of the Spanish
302:
in which he assisted civilians resisting French efforts to remove the royal family from Spain. His defence of the barracks at
Monteleón was the only action that day in which the Spanish army fought the French and, although ultimately unsuccessful, it inspired the
1320:
1295:
423:(Royal Regiment of Artillery) at Puerto de Santa Maria. He was able to use a considerable private income from property and farms owned by his family around Gibraltar to supplement his official salary.
671:. The Spanish at Monteleón had held out against superior French numbers for around three hours. Daoíz was 41 years old when he died, and had over 26 years of continuous service in the Spanish Army.
813:
664:
708:
to commemorate this event. The fighting and executions claimed at least 154 French and 409 Spanish lives and inspired resistance to the French across the country, signalling the start of the
581:
to be seconded to the Royal Bronze
Foundry. There he sat on a committee, headed by Brigadier Maria Vicente Maturana, to decide the design and oversee the production of new light guns for the
639:
and 10 men. He sought reinforcements at his regimental headquarters and returned with the 3rd company of the 2nd
Battalion, a further 33 men and 2 officers. Daoíz's orders from the local
420:
651:
by their military and civilian crews. A small detachment of French stationed near the barracks were captured by Verlarde and their weapons and ammunition distributed to civilians.
1392:
377:
545:. During this time he assisted the ship's captain, Jose de Iriarte, by acting as a translator during negotiations with foreign officials and found time to write a short
748:
in Madrid after its construction in 1840. The monument originally served as a memorial to those who lost their lives on the Dos de Mayo but on 22 November 1985 King
668:
691:
Lieutenant Ruiz, managed to escape. Members of the Junta went around the city asking for resistance to stop, and by 2am the next morning calm had been restored.
821:
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in 1807, the marriage ceremony taking place in spring the next year. In 1807 Daoíz was commander of the Spanish artillerymen that attended the signing of the
387:, which their families considered a career suitable for a gentleman. Daoíz's father was able to arrange the necessary paperwork for him to enter the elitist
1470:
1465:
264:
192:
131:
447:. Daoíz was commended by his superiors, including artillery Brigadier Andres Aznar, for his courage and zeal in the battles and was promoted to
286:. He tired of the sea and rejoined his artillery regiment. His subsequent duties included assisting in the manufacture of new guns for the
745:
698:, that morning to summarily try and sentence anyone found in possession of a potential weapon. Many Spaniards lost their lives, and artist
654:
1366:
593:, an agreement between Spain and France to split up Portugal into three smaller states, and was part of the Franco-Spanish force that
1460:
605:. He became known to the men under his command as "el Abuelo" ("the grandfather") due to his relative age and good temperament.
590:
291:
483:
ended the war between France and Spain on 22 July 1795, Daoíz was released and made his way back to El Puerto de Santa Maria.
344:
578:
73:
A statue of Daoíz in Seville showing him in the act of refusing his orders from the junta and resolving to fight the French
1257:
335:
in 1212, a decisive Christian victory and a turning point in the Reconquista. Other ancestors fought in the 15th century
17:
355:
and changing their surname to Daoíz. Joaquín's grandson Martin married Francisca Torres Ponce de León, daughter of the
351:
in the mid-17th century when he was forced to hand the territory over to the British, the family subsequently moving to
356:
244:
679:
259:. Daoíz saw action against the Moors in Spanish North Africa, where he was commended for his bravery and promoted to
1179:
1141:
536:
499:
275:
197:
601:
in 1808 and took command of a battery of the 2nd company (some sources say 3rd company) at the former palace of the
149:
103:
331:. Members of the family subsequently served in the militia, including Don García Garcés D´Aoiz who fought at the
1196:
439:
in 1790 and was given command of an artillery battery. He remained in North Africa to assist with the defence of
1240:
495:
1296:"Estudio Arqueológico Informativo de las Obras de Nuevos Aparcamientos Subterráneos en la plaza de la lealtad"
332:
635:
Daoíz, the highest-ranking officer at the Monteleón barracks found himself in command of just 4 officers, 3
624:
As part of the Treaty of Fontainebleau, French troops began to arrive in Spain and occupy strategic points.
769:
644:
1418:
753:
511:
340:
1321:"El Rey inaugura el monumento a los caídos por España en presencia de ex combatientes de los dos bandos"
953:
507:
383:
college in Seville up to the age of 15, when his parents decided that he would become an officer in the
352:
279:
1475:
1273:
359:, in 1766 and their son Luis was born in a palace owned by the Miraflores family in Calle del Horno,
643:
were to remain in the barracks and co-operate with French forces but, after conferring with Captain
636:
467:, from March 1794 but was captured in a French counterattack on 25 November 1794. He was held as a
239:
and he was descended from a long line of Spanish gentry with soldiering associations dating to the
1352:
752:
redesignated it in memory of all Spaniards who died in war and it now serves as Spain's national
640:
486:
1080:
223:(10 February 1767 – 2 May 1808) was a Spanish artillery officer and one of the leaders of the
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252:
82:
Luis Gonzaga Guillermo Escolástica Manuel José Joaquín Ana y Juan de la Soledad Daoíz Torres
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8:
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and Daoíz spent much of his early life in palaces owned by the family. He was born in
617:
267:
where he was captured. After refusing to serve in the French army, he was imprisoned.
1236:
1175:
1137:
1105:
625:
373:
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Luis's oldest known ancestor is Don Berenguer D'Aoiz, who was named for the town of
732:
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1230:
1213:
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1131:
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1027:
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1419:"El Rey entrega el sable del Premio Daoíz al teniente general Rodríguez Cerdido"
282:
and on convoy duty to the Americas, for which he was rewarded with promotion to
271:
1000:
709:
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480:
304:
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228:
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1444:
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702:, who witnessed the aftermath of the executions, painted his famous painting
658:
Manuel Castellano's 1862 painting of Daoíz (centre) receiving his fatal wound
648:
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in 1796, allying itself with France against Great Britain and beginning the
419:
addition to his native Spanish. After graduation Daoíz was assigned to the
909:
529:
514:, against the British blockading squadron. During the defence his gunboat,
394:
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161:
33:
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336:
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307:. He died in the fighting and has been commemorated as a national hero.
240:
1232:
La Guerra de la Independencia a través de sus protagonistas (1808-1814)
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260:
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on the instruction of soldiers and sailors. Whilst with the ship in
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68:
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The Monumento a los Caidos por España which holds Daoíz's remains
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503:
475:
where he turned down an offer of freedom and a commission in the
411:
360:
320:
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248:
236:
179:
99:
55:
37:
1218:. Madrid: Establecimento Tipografico de Andres Pina. p. 17.
1032:. Madrid: Establecimento Tipografico de Andres Pina. p. 16.
541:. Daoíz sailed twice with the vessel to the Americas, escorting
737:
694:
Marshal Murat convened a military tribunal, chaired by General
598:
586:
550:
380:
119:
532:, which was short of trained officers, for service aboard the
444:
436:
432:
328:
1229:
Martinez, Maria Lara; Martinez, Laura Lara (18 April 2005).
347:. Luis's great grandfather, Joaquín D´Aoiz, was sheriff of
1066:. Madrid: Impr. de la Vda. de D.R.J. Dominguez. p. 30.
1049:. Madrid: Impr. de la Vda. de D.R.J. Dominguez. p. 29.
554:
440:
316:
232:
251:
and, after receiving a Catholic education, trained at the
391:
corps which only permitted noblemen to take commissions.
243:. Daoíz's great grandfather married the daughter of the
1393:"El Rey presidió en Segovia la entrega del Premio Daoiz"
1262:(in Spanish). Boston, USA: Ginn and Company. p. 24.
1201:(in Spanish). Boston, USA: Ginn and Company. p. 23.
772:
building are popularly known as Daoíz and Velarde. The
298:. He returned to Madrid in 1808 and was a leader of the
561:
and was surprised to find that he had been promoted to
263:. He also served against the French in the short-lived
1235:(in Spanish). Liceus, Servicios de Gestió. p. 3.
597:
to enforce that treaty. He moved with his regiment to
557:, in November 1800 Daoíz was reading back issues of a
763:
One of the lions outside of the Congress of Deputies
479:, which was short of artillery officers. After the
414:as a cadet on 10 February 1782 and graduated as an
502:. On 11 July 1797 Daoíz was placed in charge of a
443:in 1791, spending part of the time with a unit of
1301:(in Spanish). City of Madrid Archaeological Study
1442:
1228:
570:Daoíz may have seen action with the ship at the
1259:Trozos de Historia, a Spanish Historical Reader
1198:Trozos de Historia, a Spanish Historical Reader
231:. Daoíz's surname is derived from the town of
44: and the second or maternal family name is
1367:"Los leones de las Cortes bajan del pedestal"
903:
901:
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897:
895:
893:
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883:
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875:
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869:
867:
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863:
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859:
451:on 28 February 1792. After Spain joined the
1471:Spanish military personnel killed in action
1348:Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers
1215:Memoria Historica del dia 2 de Mayo de 1808
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1125:
1123:
1029:Memoria Historica del dia 2 de Mayo de 1808
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
518:, was involved in an attack on the British
1174:. Victoria, Canada: Trafford. p. 43.
1136:. Victoria, Canada: Trafford. p. 42.
67:
1466:Spanish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
1249:
1188:
712:. After Daoíz's death his wife entered a
585:. Daoíz agreed to wed a noblewoman from
528:. Later that year he was seconded to the
1339:
1222:
1150:
1120:
1053:
1036:
947:
836:
820:(in Spanish). 2 May 2008. Archived from
758:
731:
723:
678:
653:
620:'s depiction of the defence of Monteleón
612:
577:On 2 December 1803 Daoíz was ordered by
490:The British blockading squadron at Cadiz
485:
393:
1255:
1211:
1194:
1059:
1042:
1025:
995:
945:
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402:, home of the Royal School of Artillery
14:
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1007:(in Spanish) (47–48). 4 February 2004
907:
814:"Un Sevillano Forjó la Independencia"
294:with France and participating in the
1063:Corona fúnebre del 2 de mayo de 1808
1046:Corona fúnebre del 2 de mayo de 1808
924:
787:
1095:
972:
24:
1070:
952:Melero, María Casas (2 May 2008).
357:Count of Miraflores de los Angeles
245:Count of Miraflores de los Angeles
25:
1487:
746:Monumento a los Caidos por España
736:Monument to Daoíz and Velarde in
431:Daoíz volunteered to help defend
132:Monumento a los Caídos por España
1256:Spencer, Forrest Eugene (1918).
1195:Spencer, Forrest Eugene (1918).
908:Domínguez, José Manuel Navarro.
227:that signalled the start of the
143:
1461:Military personnel from Seville
1411:
1385:
1359:
1313:
1288:
1276:(in Spanish). Memoria de Madrid
1266:
1205:
1083:. Deutsches Historisches Museum
341:16th century conquest of Naples
290:, attending the signing of the
274:to the Spanish Navy during the
270:After his release he served on
1327:(in Spanish). 23 November 1985
1019:
608:
496:Second Treaty of San Ildefonso
426:
13:
1:
1373:(in Spanish). 1 November 1985
780:
421:Real Regimiento de Artillería
366:
333:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
198:Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)
1060:Ramirez, Braulio A. (1849).
1043:Ramirez, Braulio A. (1849).
674:
459:, Daoíz participated in the
36:, the first or paternal
7:
1168:Wilson, Charles M. (2008).
1130:Wilson, Charles M. (2008).
1108:(in Spanish). ABC Newspaper
954:"Otra vez: '¿Todos a una!'"
754:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
710:Spanish War of Independence
512:Jose de Mazarredo y Salazar
378:Colegio de San Hermenegildo
372:renamed Calle de Daoíz) in
310:
305:Spanish War of Independence
229:Spanish War of Independence
10:
1492:
1351:. Baedeker. 1898. p.
376:. He was educated at the
31:
719:
645:Pedro Velarde y Santillán
408:Royal School of Artillery
296:1807 invasion of Portugal
253:Royal School of Artillery
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175:
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155:
138:
126:
109:
86:
78:
66:
53:
1425:(in Spanish). 7 May 2008
1399:(in Spanish). 3 May 1983
1212:Tamarit, Emilio (1851).
1026:Tamarit, Emilio (1851).
353:El Puerto de Santa María
591:Treaty of Fontainebleau
510:, commanded by Admiral
292:Treaty of Fontainebleau
278:, participating in the
1001:"Daoíz y Torres, Luís"
764:
740:
729:
687:
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621:
491:
403:
762:
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705:The Third of May 1808
685:The Third of May 1808
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616:
489:
397:
345:17th century Flanders
265:War of the Roussillon
168:Years of service
770:Congress of Deputies
669:Marquis de San Simón
457:Revolutionary France
300:Dos de Mayo Uprising
225:Dos de Mayo Uprising
208:Dos de Mayo Uprising
572:Battle of Trafalgar
221:Luis Daoiz y Torres
61:Luis Daoíz y Torres
18:Luis Daoiz y Torres
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741:
730:
688:
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492:
406:Daoíz entered the
404:
400:Alcázar of Segovia
327:of Spain from the
323:and fought in the
1476:Deaths by bayonet
1171:Liberty or Death!
1133:Liberty or Death!
824:on 6 January 2013
603:Duke of Monteleón
500:Anglo-Spanish War
494:Spain signed the
461:War of Roussillon
374:Mairena del Alcor
276:Anglo-Spanish War
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193:War of Roussillon
16:(Redirected from
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595:invaded Portugal
508:Defence of Cadiz
280:Defence of Cadiz
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97:10 February 1767
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665:Joseph Lagrange
618:Joaquín Sorolla
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583:horse artillery
469:prisoner of war
453:First Coalition
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288:horse artillery
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28:
27:Spanish general
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481:Peace of Basel
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960:(in Spanish)
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910:"Luiz Daoiz"
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822:the original
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774:Premio Daoíz
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162:Spanish Army
115:(1808-05-02)
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34:Spanish name
29:
1456:1808 deaths
1451:1767 births
1106:"Documento"
609:Dos de Mayo
534:74 gun ship
477:French Army
427:Army career
337:Granada War
325:Reconquista
241:Reconquista
1445:Categories
1429:22 January
1403:22 January
1377:22 January
1331:22 January
1305:22 January
1242:8498220726
781:References
520:third-rate
449:lieutenant
367:Early life
272:secondment
261:lieutenant
139:Allegiance
113:2 May 1808
93:1767-02-10
79:Birth name
1280:3 October
1112:2 October
1011:3 October
964:3 October
916:3 October
828:3 October
675:Aftermath
574:in 1805.
463:, in the
389:artillery
349:Gibraltar
171:1782–1808
1423:El Mundo
958:Ideal.es
547:treatise
543:galleons
525:Powerful
473:Toulouse
465:Pyrenees
455:against
311:Ancestry
156:Service/
32:In this
1397:El Pais
1371:El Pais
1325:El Pais
1081:"Spain"
714:convent
683:Goya's
626:Marshal
563:captain
559:gazette
506:in the
504:gunboat
412:Segovia
361:Seville
343:and in
321:Navarre
284:captain
257:Segovia
249:Seville
237:Navarre
180:Captain
122:, Spain
100:Seville
56:Captain
38:surname
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738:Madrid
720:Legacy
599:Madrid
587:Utrera
551:Havana
445:miners
416:ensign
381:Jesuit
339:, the
158:branch
127:Buried
120:Madrid
46:Torres
1299:(PDF)
1005:ARBIL
641:junta
516:No. 5
437:Moors
433:Ceuta
329:Moors
104:Spain
42:Daoíz
1431:2011
1405:2011
1379:2011
1333:2011
1307:2011
1282:2010
1237:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1114:2010
1089:2010
1013:2010
966:2010
918:2010
830:2010
637:NCOs
555:Cuba
523:HMS
441:Oran
398:The
317:Aoiz
233:Aoiz
176:Rank
110:Died
87:Born
471:at
410:at
319:in
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