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911:, and gave a systematic classification of X-ray spectra. The studies of X-ray spectra were important for elucidating the structure of the internal electron shells of atoms (optical spectra are determined by the outer shells). Thus, the results of experiments conducted together with Alexandre Dauvillier, revealed the shortcomings of the existing schemes for the distribution of electrons in atoms; these difficulties were eliminated by
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1103:, which is a pure mathematical entity having a probabilistic interpretation, without the support of real physical elements. This wavefunction gives an appearance of wave behavior to matter, without making real physical waves appear. However, until the end of his life de Broglie returned to a direct and real physical interpretation of matter-waves, following the work of
615:, Seine-Maritime. As the youngest child in the family, Louis grew up in relative loneliness, read a lot, and was fond of history, especially political. From early childhood, he had a good memory and could accurately read an excerpt from a theatrical production or give a complete list of ministers of the
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From a philosophical viewpoint, this theory of matter-waves has contributed greatly to the ruin of the atomism of the past. Originally, de
Broglie thought that real wave (i.e., having a direct physical interpretation) was associated with particles. In fact, the wave aspect of matter was formalized by
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and his continuators developed their statistical interpretation of
Thermodynamics, one could have considered Thermodynamics to be a complicated branch of Dynamics. But, with my actual ideas, it's Dynamics that appear to be a simplified branch of Thermodynamics. I think that, of all the ideas that
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in the framework of such a representation. In his next publication, he tried to reconcile the concept of light quanta with the phenomena of interference and diffraction and came to the conclusion that it was necessary to associate a certain periodicity with quanta. In this case, light quanta were
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Studying the nature of X-ray radiation and discussing its properties with his brother
Maurice, who considered these rays to be some kind of combination of waves and particles, contributed to Louis de Broglie's awareness of the need to build a theory linking particle and wave representations. In
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However, according to him, there is less duality, in the sense of opposition, than synthesis (one is the limit of the other) and the effort of synthesis is constant according to him, like in his first formula, in which the first member pertains to mechanics and the second to optics:
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have rest masses that are non-zero, though very low. That a photon is not quite massless is imposed by the coherence of his theory. Incidentally, this rejection of the hypothesis of a massless photon enabled him to doubt the hypothesis of the expansion of the universe.
915:. Another result was the elucidation of the insufficiency of the Sommerfeld formula for determining the position of lines in X-ray spectra; this discrepancy was eliminated after the discovery of the electron spin. In 1925 and 1926, Leningrad physicist
958:, presented at a meeting of the Paris Academy of Sciences on September 10, 1923), which marked the beginning of the creation of wave mechanics. In this paper and his subsequent PhD thesis, the scientist suggested that a moving particle with energy
1068:, in the process of body movement remains in phase with the internal periodic process. Having then examined the motion of an electron in a closed orbit, the scientist showed that the requirement for phase matching directly leads to the quantum
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thought could be achieved with a statistical approach, de
Broglie extended waveâparticle duality to all particles (and to crystals which revealed the effects of diffraction) and extended the principle of duality to the
611:(1875â1960), subsequently a famous experimental physicist; Philip (1881â1890), who died two years before the birth of Louis, and Pauline, Comtesse de Pange (1888â1972), subsequently a famous writer. Louis was born in
1072:, that is, to quantize the angular momentum. In the next two notes (reported at the meetings on September 24 and October 8, respectively), de Broglie came to the conclusion that the particle velocity is equal to the
797:. De Broglie was awarded a post as counselor to the French High Commission of Atomic Energy in 1945 for his efforts to bring industry and science closer together. He established a center for applied mechanics at the
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That idea seems to match the continuousâdiscontinuous duality, since its dynamics could be the limit of its thermodynamics when transitions to continuous limits are postulated. It is also close to that of
1022:. To reconcile these considerations, based on the quantum principle, with the ideas of special relativity, de Broglie associated wave he called a "phase wave" with a moving body, which propagates with the
556:. De Broglie became the first high-level scientist to call for establishment of a multi-national laboratory, a proposal that led to the establishment of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (
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It remained to extend the wave considerations to any massive particles, and in the summer of 1923 a decisive breakthrough occurred. De
Broglie outlined his ideas in a short note "Waves and quanta" (
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De
Broglie's final idea was the hidden thermodynamics of isolated particles. It is an attempt to bring together the three furthest principles of physics: the principles of Fermat, Maupertuis, and
938:, which proposed a hydrodynamic model of an atom and attempted to relate it to the results of Bohr's theory. The starting point in the work of Louis de Broglie was the idea of Einstein about the
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While attempts at verifying the internal clock hypothesis and measuring clock frequency are so far not conclusive, recent experimental data is at least compatible with de
Broglie's conjecture.
942:. In his first article on this subject, published in 1922, the French scientist considered blackbody radiation as a gas of light quanta and, using classical statistical mechanics, derived the
658:, where the radio transmitter was located. Louis de Broglie remained in military service throughout the First World War, dealing with purely technical issues. In particular, together with
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applied to the moving body; the possible dynamic trajectories of the moving body are identical to the possible rays of the wave." This latter equivalence had been pointed out by
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J. Mehra. (2001). J. Mehra. (ed.). "Louis de
Broglie and the phase waves associated with matter" (The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics ed.). World Scientific: 546â570.
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Asked to join Le
Conseil de l'Union Catholique des Scientifiques Français, Louis declined because, he said, he had ceased the religious practices of his youth.
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and brother
Maurice, he participated in establishing wireless communications with submarines. Louis de Broglie was demobilized in August 1919 with the rank of
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of phase waves, and the particle moves along the normal to surfaces of equal phase. In the general case, the trajectory of a particle can be determined using
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D. Hestenes, October 1990, The Zitterbewegung interpretation of quantum mechanics, Foundations of Physics, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1213â1232
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2451:, Foundations of Physics, volume 12, number 10, 1982, Appendix: On the background of the papers on trajectories interpretation, by D. Bohm, (
595:, whose representatives for several centuries occupied important military and political posts in France. The father of the future physicist,
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In addition, he believed that the true mass of particles is not constant, but variable, and that each particle can be represented as a
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In his 1924 thesis, de Broglie conjectured that the electron has an internal clock that constitutes part of the mechanism by which a
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I've introduced in quantum theory in these past years, it's that idea that is, by far, the most important and the most profound.
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In the second part of his 1924 thesis, de Broglie used the equivalence of the mechanical principle of least action with
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654:, but soon, on the initiative of his brother, he was seconded to the Wireless Communications Service and worked on the
607:. They had five children; in addition to Louis, these were: Albertina (1872â1946), subsequently the Marquise de LuppĂ©;
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Une tentative d'interprétation causale et non linéaire de la mécanique ondulatoire: la théorie de la double solution
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Advances in the Theory of Atomic and Molecular Systems: Conceptual and Computational Advances in Quantum Chemistry
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After graduation, Louis de Broglie joined the engineering forces to undergo compulsory service. It began at
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This theory, which dates from 1934, introduces the idea that the photon is equivalent to the fusion of two
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His last work made a single system of laws from the two large systems of thermodynamics and of mechanics:
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M. J. Nye. (1997). "Aristocratic Culture and the Pursuit of Science: The De Broglies in Modern France".
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The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics: The Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics in Historical Perspective
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632:) in history. Afterwards he turned his attention toward mathematics and physics and received a degree (
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in 1952 for his work in popularizing scientific knowledge, and he was elected a Foreign Member of the
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Louis Néel; Fondation Louis de Broglie; Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (France) (1988).
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The de Broglie pilot wave theory and the further development and new insights arising out of it
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nominated the de Broglie brothers for the Nobel Prize for their work in the field of X-rays.
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This theory set the basis of wave mechanics. It was supported by Einstein, confirmed by the
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Quantum Mechanics at the Crossroads: New Perspectives From History, Philosophy And Physics
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Les incertitudes d'Heisenberg et l'interprétation probabiliste de la mécanique ondulatoire
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of G P Thomson and Davisson and Germer, and generalized by the work of Erwin Schrödinger.
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The first works of Louis de Broglie (early 1920s) were performed in the laboratory of his
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2401:"Membres de l'Académie des sciences depuis sa création: Louis de Broglie Ondes et quanta"
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Piotr Piecuch; Jean Maruani; Gerardo Delgado-Barrio; Stephen Wilson (30 September 2009).
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in 1914, he offered his services to the army in the development of radio communications.
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Catillon, Foundations of Physics, July 2001, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 659â664
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Kimball, John (2015). Physics Curiosities, Oddities, and Novelties. CRC Press. p. 323.
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2426:. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966 2nd ed: New York: American Institute of Physics, 1989.
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model, and the wave-like behaviour of particles discovered by de Broglie was used by
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2434:. Olivier Darrigol, "Strangeness and soundness in Louis de Broglie's early works",
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in 1933, and was the academy's perpetual secretary from 1942. He was asked to join
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See for example the description of de Broglie's view in: David Bohm, Basil Hiley:
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2560:(1988). "Louis Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie. 15 August 1892-19 March 1987".
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In addition to strictly scientific work, de Broglie thought and wrote about the
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820:. His funeral was held 23 March 1987 at the Church of Saint-Pierre-de-Neuilly.
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English translation of his book on hidden thermodynamics by D. H. Delphenich
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a century earlier, and published by him around 1830, for the case of light.
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2098:(Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society ed.): 22â41.
619:. For this, he was predicted to become a great statesman in the future.
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858: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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On the Pilot-Wave Theory of Classical, Quantum and Subquantum Physics
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A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients: Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine
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Recherche (PPN) 01331081X: Actualités scientifiques et industrielles
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is characterized by some internal periodic process with a frequency
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499:. This concept is known as the de Broglie hypothesis, an example of
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Phonétique historique du français et notions de phonétique générale
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In 1961, he received the title of Knight of the Grand Cross in the
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Recherches sur la théorie des quanta ("Research on Quantum Theory")
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to distances around extrema of action, distances corresponding to
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As a consequence of its great impact, this theory brings back the
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19:"de Broglie" redirects here. For other members of the family, see
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Members of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
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Dictionnaire de la prononciation française dans sa norme actuelle
1523:(in French). Paris: Librairie scientifique Hermann et C.ie. 1930.
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interpreted by him as relativistic particles of very small mass.
267:
208:(BA in history, 1910; BA in sciences, 1913; PhD in physics, 1924)
678:(Research on the Theory of the Quanta) introduced his theory of
1997:"History of International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science"
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Louis de Broglie belonged to the famous aristocratic family of
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The Current Interpretation of Wave Mechanics: A Critical Study
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Far from claiming to make "the contradiction disappear" which
483:; 15 August 1892 â 19 March 1987) was a French aristocrat and
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Electron channeling resonance and de Broglie's internal clock
1172:: "Fermat's principle applied to phase waves is identical to
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in 1929 "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons".
1652:, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1961. Paris: Albin Michel, 1960.
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Louis de Broglie was the sixteenth member elected to occupy
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uncertainty and wave mechanics probabilistic interpretation
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Le Conseil de l'Union Catholique des Scientifiques Francais
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explanation of wave mechanics, in opposition to the wholly
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in 1960 upon the death without heir of his elder brother,
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Introduction to the Vigier Theory of elementary particles
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2192:(English translation by A.F. Kracklauer, 2004. ed.)
1837:(in French) (3rd ed.). Gembloux: J. Duculot, S. A.
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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1646:
Introduction à la nouvelle théorie des particules de M.
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addition, he was familiar with the works (1919â1922) of
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Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
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1949:. Excerpts from 1960 book published by Elsevier Pub.Co
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907:, applied quantum principles to the interpretation of
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Louis never married. When he died on 19 March 1987 in
702:. De Broglie thus created a new field in physics, the
1862:(in French). Louvain-la-Neuve: Peeters. p. 102.
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in the 1950s. The theory has since been known as the
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in 1929, after the wave-like behaviour of matter was
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
2311:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 4.
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Les professeurs de la Faculté des sciences de Paris
2094:. (1988). "Louis Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie".
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In his later career, de Broglie worked to develop a
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any moving particle or object had an associated wave
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1618:Non-linear Wave Mechanics: A Causal Interpretation
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2694:(English translation of his book on the subject)
1892:(illustrated ed.). CRC Press. p. 141.
1478:Introduction to physics of X-rays and Gamma-rays
1474:Introduction Ă la physique des rayons X et gamma
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1111:Conjecture of an internal clock of the electron
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4861:Members of the National Council of Vichy France
2424:The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics
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1158:Generalization of the principle of least action
344:Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie
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1552:Continuous and discontinuous in Modern Physics
1520:Recueil d'exposés sur les ondes et corpuscules
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1060:. Such a wave, which later received the name
580:(1671â1745) ancestor of Louis de Broglie and
1915:The final pilot-wave model was presented in
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759:. On 12 October 1944, he was elected to the
503:, and forms a central part of the theory of
2692:The Theory of measurement in wave mechanics
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1513:(in French). Paris: Gauthier-Villars. 1928.
1493:(in French). Paris: Gauthier-Villars. 1926.
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2713:Newspaper clippings about Louis de Broglie
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2086:
2084:
2082:
2042:
1502:Report for the 5th Solvay Physics Congress
1498:Rapport au 5Ăšme Conseil de Physique Solvay
1435:1958 International Honorary Member of the
694:on light. This research culminated in the
144:
4911:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
4901:Academic staff of the University of Paris
2367:
2249:Evans, James; Thorndike, Alan S. (2007).
2137:
1926:
1558:Ondes, corpuscules, mécanique ondulatoire
1548:Continu et discontinu en physique moderne
1417:1948 International Member, United States
887:Physics of X-ray and photoelectric effect
874:Learn how and when to remove this message
597:Louis-Alphonse-Victor, 5th duc de Broglie
487:who made groundbreaking contributions to
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4951:French military personnel of World War I
2598:"Louis Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie"
1680:Certitudes et incertitudes de la science
1446:
1284:
638:) in physics. With the outbreak of the
572:
2602:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
2556:
2239:, sudoc.fr. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
2079:
1979:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1626:Nouvelles perspectives en microphysique
686:theory of matter, based on the work of
568:
539:rediscovered and enhanced by David Bohm
4828:
2351:. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1974.
2180:
2038:
2036:
1684:Certitudes and Incertitudes of Science
823:
812:at the age of 94, he was succeeded as
4718:
4630:François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison
4598:George-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon
4507:
4283:
2772:
2361:
2335:Louis de Broglie que nous avons connu
1885:
1591:Optique Ă©lectronique et corpusculaire
1437:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
470:
462:
4941:Foreign members of the Royal Society
4744:
2218:from the original on 24 October 2008
2131:
1587:), French Academy of Sciences, 1947.
1460:Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
1368:
1164:Hamilton's optico-mechanical analogy
856:adding citations to reliable sources
827:
676:Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
622:De Broglie had intended a career in
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
16:Nobel Laureate physicist (1892â1987)
4971:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2550:
2033:
1134:Non-nullity and variability of mass
1127:that was suggested by Schrödinger.
895:and dealt with the features of the
818:Victor-François, 8th duc de Broglie
645:
13:
4846:People from Dieppe, Seine-Maritime
1936:, Ph.D. Thesis, ISAS, Trieste 1992
1538:La Physique nouvelle et les quanta
747:De Broglie became a member of the
578:François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie
14:
4987:
4906:Members of the Académie Française
2646:
2632:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2212:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929"
1667:, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1963.
1613:. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1956.
1595:Electronic and Corpuscular Optics
1562:Waves, Corpuscles, Wave Mechanics
1401:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1119:guides a particle. Subsequently,
670:Scientific and pedagogical career
626:, and received his first degree (
605:Marie Célestine Amélie d'Armaillé
516:first experimentally demonstrated
4814:
1464:Researches on the quantum theory
1089:electron diffraction experiments
923:Matter and waveâparticle duality
832:
397:
348:
34:
4976:Winners of the Max Planck Medal
2653:Les Immortels: Louis de BROGLIE
2628:by Louis de Broglie and others"
2616:
2590:
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2500:
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2230:
2204:
2011:
1989:
1961:
1442:
843:needs additional citations for
242:Albert I of Monaco Prize (1932)
45:needs additional citations for
4866:20th-century French physicists
2190:Foundation of Louis de Broglie
2051:(3) (Isis ed.): 397â421.
1939:
1909:
1851:
1826:
1795:
1767:
1738:
1636:Sur les sentiers de la science
1407:American Philosophical Society
1300:becomes a sort of opposite to
603:and his wife, the biographer,
497:all matter has wave properties
277:University of Paris (Sorbonne)
1:
4876:French theoretical physicists
4769:Achille-LĂ©once-Victor-Charles
2682:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1783:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
1731:
1686:). Paris: Albin Michel, 1966.
1642:), Paris: Albin Michel, 1960.
1630:New prospects in Microphysics
1607:), Paris, Albin Michel, 1951.
1578:Vie et Ćuvre de Paul Langevin
1564:), Paris: Albin Michel, 1945.
1554:), Paris: Albin Michel, 1941.
1534:), Paris: Albin Michel, 1937.
1184:Duality of the laws of nature
1138:According to de Broglie, the
601:Philippe Paul, comte de SĂ©gur
4638:Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy
4590:Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy
2480:See for example G.R. Osche,
1674:, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1964.
1659:, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1963.
1620:. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1960.
1419:National Academy of Sciences
1256:{\displaystyle mc^{2}=h\nu }
563:
7:
4881:People associated with CERN
4793:Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond
2717:20th Century Press Archives
2698:"A new conception of light"
1858:Jean-Marie Pierret (1994).
1708:Recherches d'un demi-siĂšcle
1405:1939 International Member,
1123:has proposed a link to the
788:Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie
240:Henri Poincaré Medal (1929)
160:Louis Victor Pierre Raymond
10:
4992:
4956:Nobel laureates in Physics
4896:University of Paris alumni
4799:Victor-François Marie Léon
4787:Louis-CĂ©sar-Victor-Maurice
2761:Victor-François de Broglie
2704:Louis de Broglie Interview
2673:Fondation Louis de Broglie
2181:de Broglie, Louis Victor.
1808:Collins English Dictionary
1746:"de Broglie, Louis-Victor"
1727:), Gauthier-Villars, 1982.
1712:Research of a half-century
1605:Scientists and discoveries
1270:
1170:Fermat's optical principle
1161:
926:
763:, replacing mathematician
725:theory; it was refined by
554:French Academy of Sciences
18:
4812:
4752:
4566:Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux
4544:
4431:
4422:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
4406:
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3044:
2810:
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2748:
2740:
2733:
2183:"On the Theory of Quanta"
1919:and later published, in "
1695:. Paris: Hachette, 1966.
1568:Physique et microphysique
1484:, Gauthier-Villars, 1928.
1215:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1082:principle of least action
1070:Bohr-Sommerfeld condition
805:and was an early member.
682:waves. This included the
537:, until 1952 when it was
337:
332:Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat
311:
299:
281:
273:
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136:
4966:Kalinga Prize recipients
4614:François-Urbain Domergue
2253:. Springer. p. 71.
2021:. Soylent Communications
1984:University of St Andrews
1650:et de ses collaborateurs
1572:Physics and Microphysics
1273:Neutrino theory of light
1267:Neutrino theory of light
799:Henri Poincaré Institute
617:Third Republic of France
23:. For the asteroid, see
1886:Leroy, Francis (2003).
1757:Oxford University Press
1640:On the Paths of Science
1053:{\displaystyle c^{2}/v}
512:Nobel Prize for Physics
4961:French Nobel laureates
4558:Claude Bazin de Bezons
4437:Nobel Prize recipients
4408:Physiology or Medicine
4335:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
2804:Nobel Prize in Physics
2655:", Académie française
2576:10.1098/rsbm.1988.0002
2458:19 August 2011 at the
2438:, 30 (1993): 303â372.
2381:Cite journal requires
2159:Cite journal requires
2119:Cite journal requires
2104:10.1098/rsbm.1988.0002
1714:), Albin Michel, 1976.
1702:. Peebles Press, 1979.
1632:), Albin Michel, 1956.
1601:Savants et découvertes
1582:The life and works of
1574:), Albin Michel, 1947.
1542:New Physics and Quanta
1455:
1376:Nobel Prize in Physics
1348:
1257:
1210:
1178:William Rowan Hamilton
1054:
1012:
988:
955:
899:and the properties of
771:awarded him the first
731:De BroglieâBohm theory
721:models which dominate
708:Nobel Prize in Physics
588:
529:in his formulation of
236:Nobel Prize in Physics
222:De BroglieâBohm theory
4781:Louis-Alphonse-Victor
4775:Jacques-Victor-Albert
2700:(English translation)
1833:LĂ©on Warnant (1987).
1753:UK English Dictionary
1698:English translation:
1670:English translation:
1655:English translation:
1616:English translation:
1510:Mecanique ondulatoire
1450:
1363:reductions in entropy
1359:uncertainty principle
1349:
1285:Hidden thermodynamics
1258:
1201:
1174:Maupertuis' principle
1055:
1013:
989:
929:De Broglie hypothesis
909:photoelectron spectra
893:older brother Maurice
816:by a distant cousin,
782:Louis became the 7th
749:Académie des sciences
738:philosophy of science
704:mécanique ondulatoire
696:de Broglie hypothesis
684:waveâparticle duality
576:
501:waveâparticle duality
316:CĂ©cile DeWitt-Morette
4654:Charles de Freycinet
4622:Ange-François Fariau
4582:Marc-René d'Argenson
2638:(3): 50. March 1980.
2512:search.amphilsoc.org
2508:"APS Member History"
2408:academie-sciences.fr
2214:. Nobel Foundation.
1970:Robertson, Edmund F.
1947:"de Broglie vs Bohm"
1544:), Flammarion, 1937.
1382:Henri Poincaré Medal
1311:
1228:
1101:Schrödinger equation
1029:
1002:
970:
897:photoelectric effect
852:improve this article
790:, also a physicist.
569:Origin and education
54:improve this article
2533:"Duc L. De Broglie"
1968:O'Connor, John J.;
1921:Ondes et mouvements
1905:Extract of page 141
1763:on 4 December 2020.
1490:Ondes et mouvements
1452:Ondes et mouvements
1080:(for waves) or the
987:{\displaystyle E/h}
824:Scientific activity
635:licence Ăšs sciences
510:De Broglie won the
495:and suggested that
205:University of Paris
4871:Quantum physicists
4535:Académie française
4416:Christiaan Eijkman
2744:Maurice de Broglie
2664:on Nobelprize.org
2410:(in French). 1923.
2140:"Louis de Broglie"
2138:J. Lacki. (2008).
2019:"Louis de Broglie"
1974:"Louis de Broglie"
1932:Antony Valentini:
1917:Solvay Conferences
1648:Jean-Pierre Vigier
1528:MatiĂšre et lumiĂšre
1504:), Brussels, 1927.
1482:Maurice de Broglie
1456:
1413:Académie française
1388:Albert I of Monaco
1344:
1253:
1078:Fermat's principle
1050:
1008:
984:
944:Wien radiation law
779:on 23 April 1953.
761:Académie Française
723:quantum mechanical
652:Fort Mont Valérien
629:licence Ăšs lettres
589:
586:Louis XV of France
550:Académie française
324:Jean-Pierre Vigier
320:Bernard d'Espagnat
69:"Louis de Broglie"
4823:
4822:
4712:
4711:
4606:FĂ©lix Vicq-d'Azyr
4501:
4500:
4277:
4276:
2767:
2766:
2758:Succeeded by
2604:. 9 February 2023
2537:www.nasonline.org
2318:978-90-481-2596-8
2282:978-1-4665-7636-0
1869:978-9-0683-1608-7
1844:978-2-8011-0581-8
1369:Honors and awards
1342:
1337:
1324:
1319:
1011:{\displaystyle h}
996:Compton frequency
884:
883:
876:
582:Marshal of France
535:quantum formalism
527:Erwin Schrödinger
505:quantum mechanics
469:
389:
341:
340:
312:Doctoral students
258:Scientific career
130:
129:
122:
104:
4983:
4856:Dukes of Broglie
4851:House of Broglie
4818:
4805:Philippe-Maurice
4746:Dukes of Broglie
4739:
4732:
4725:
4716:
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4697:
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4670:Louis de Broglie
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4424:(United Kingdom)
4397:Louis de Broglie
4378:Frank B. Kellogg
4331:(United Kingdom)
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2932:Kamerlingh Onnes
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2769:
2741:Preceded by
2731:
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2709:
2678:Louis de Broglie
2669:
2662:Louis de Broglie
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1759:. Archived from
1742:
1597:), Herman, 1950.
1532:Matter and Light
1524:
1514:
1494:
1395:Max Planck Medal
1353:
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795:LĂ©gion d'honneur
742:Ăditions Hermann
674:His 1924 thesis
646:Military service
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138:Louis de Broglie
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1692:Albert Einstein
1517:
1507:
1487:
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1371:
1334:
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1309:
1308:
1287:
1279:Dirac neutrinos
1275:
1269:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1195:laws of nature.
1186:
1166:
1160:
1136:
1113:
1099:defined by the
1066:de Broglie wave
1042:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1020:Planck constant
1003:
1000:
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956:Ondes et quanta
940:quanta of light
931:
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692:Albert Einstein
672:
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640:First World War
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4686:François Furet
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4550:Pierre SĂ©guier
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3599:P. W. Anderson
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3144:C. D. Anderson
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2647:External links
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1296:In this work,
1286:
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1271:Main article:
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1125:zitterbewegung
1121:David Hestenes
1112:
1109:
1074:group velocity
1049:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1024:phase velocity
1007:
983:
979:
975:
927:Main article:
924:
921:
917:Orest Khvolson
888:
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784:duc de Broglie
671:
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4702:Claude Dagens
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1043:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1005:
997:
981:
977:
973:
965:
962:and velocity
961:
957:
953:
948:
945:
941:
937:
930:
920:
918:
914:
913:Edmund Stoner
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
878:
875:
867:
857:
853:
847:
846:
841:This section
839:
835:
830:
829:
821:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
780:
778:
777:Royal Society
774:
773:Kalinga Prize
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:probabilistic
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
698:stating that
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
667:
665:
661:
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473:
465:
455:
394:
383:
345:
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
307:
306:Paul Langevin
304:
302:
298:
291:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
250:Kalinga Prize
246:
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234:
230:
227:
223:
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215:
211:
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203:
199:
194:
185:19 March 1987
184:
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121:
113:
102:
99:
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92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: â
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
4792:
4678:Michel Debré
4669:
4662:Ămile Picard
4646:Ămile Augier
4467:
4396:
3707:von Klitzing
3699:Van der Meer
3081:
2749:
2706:, on Ina.fr
2635:
2631:
2625:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2601:
2592:
2567:
2561:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2536:
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2511:
2502:
2493:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2423:
2416:
2407:
2395:
2374:cite journal
2363:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2327:
2307:
2300:
2289:
2272:
2264:
2250:
2244:
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2206:
2194:. Retrieved
2189:
2152:cite journal
2143:
2133:
2112:cite journal
2095:
2048:
2044:
2023:. Retrieved
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1991:
1977:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1941:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1911:
1888:
1859:
1853:
1834:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1806:
1803:"De Broglie"
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1778:
1775:"de Broglie"
1769:
1761:the original
1749:
1740:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1645:
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1531:
1527:
1519:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1470:, 22 (1925).
1467:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1443:Publications
1362:
1356:
1295:
1288:
1276:
1219:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1167:
1149:
1137:
1129:
1114:
1097:wavefunction
1093:
1086:
963:
959:
949:
932:
890:
870:
861:
850:Please help
845:verification
842:
810:Louveciennes
807:
792:
781:
765:Ămile Picard
757:Vichy France
752:
746:
735:
712:
703:
699:
675:
673:
656:Eiffel Tower
649:
633:
627:
621:
590:
543:
520:
509:
343:
342:
287:
274:Institutions
257:
193:Louveciennes
187:(1987-03-19)
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4841:1987 deaths
4836:1892 births
4694:René Rémond
4359:Thomas Mann
4312:Nobel Prize
3751:Steinberger
3667:K. Siegbahn
3659:Bloembergen
3380:Chamberlain
3113:Schrödinger
3023:M. Siegbahn
2952:W. H. Bragg
2948:W. L. Bragg
2708:(in French)
2657:(in French)
2624:"Review of
2558:Abragam, A.
1062:matter wave
905:Bohr theory
110:August 2019
4830:Categories
4346:Literature
4268:L'Huillier
4232:Hasselmann
4188:Strickland
4156:Kosterlitz
4080:Perlmutter
3819:Brockhouse
3524:Schrieffer
3396:Hofstadter
3348:C. N. Yang
3105:Heisenberg
3082:De Broglie
2755:1960â1987
2421:Max Jammer
2092:A. Abragam
1923:" of 1926.
1732:References
1723:Heisenberg
1162:See also:
1117:pilot wave
1105:David Bohm
727:David Bohm
688:Max Planck
624:humanities
523:pilot-wave
166:1892-08-15
80:newspapers
4361:(Germany)
4321:Chemistry
4314:laureates
4252:Zeilinger
4072:Novoselov
4040:Kobayashi
3964:Abrikosov
3811:J. Taylor
3791:de Gennes
3783:R. Taylor
3675:K. Wilson
3623:R. Wilson
3607:Van Vleck
3578:1976â2000
3568:Rainwater
3564:Mottelson
3540:Josephson
3488:Gell-Mann
3452:Schwinger
3440:Prokhorov
3400:Mössbauer
3360:Cherenkov
3352:T. D. Lee
3276:Cockcroft
3267:1951â1975
3066:C. Wilson
3045:1926â1950
2991:Guillaume
2880:Michelson
2840:Becquerel
2811:1901â1925
2800:Laureates
2570:: 22â26.
2486:full text
2222:9 October
2196:2 January
2073:143439041
1818:10 August
1787:10 August
1330:−
1251:ν
1205:Boltzmann
998:), where
864:June 2015
564:Biography
521:The 1925
518:in 1927.
493:electrons
485:physicist
218:electrons
201:Education
4399:(France)
4337:(Sweden)
4260:Agostini
4148:Thouless
4140:McDonald
4128:Nakamura
4096:Wineland
4028:GrĂŒnberg
3984:Politzer
3968:Ginzburg
3956:Giacconi
3936:Ketterle
3891:'t Hooft
3875:Laughlin
3867:Phillips
3847:Osheroff
3775:Friedman
3747:Schwartz
3743:Lederman
3663:Schawlow
3639:Weinberg
3448:Tomonaga
3340:Brattain
3332:Shockley
3241:Blackett
3233:Appleton
3225:Bridgman
3172:Lawrence
3152:Davisson
3132:Chadwick
3015:Millikan
2999:Einstein
2888:Lippmann
2856:Rayleigh
2848:M. Curie
2844:P. Curie
2626:Einstein
2456:Archived
2216:Archived
1700:Einstein
1480:), with
1190:Max Born
1142:and the
1140:neutrino
680:electron
664:adjudant
195:, France
176:, France
4389:Physics
4248:Clauser
4212:Penrose
4196:Peebles
4152:Haldane
4120:Akasaki
4108:Englert
4100:Haroche
4084:Schmidt
4044:Maskawa
3996:Glauber
3988:Wilczek
3972:Leggett
3952:Koshiba
3932:Cornell
3923:present
3907:Kroemer
3903:Alferov
3895:Veltman
3879:Störmer
3799:Charpak
3779:Kendall
3763:Dehmelt
3731:Bednorz
3631:Glashow
3619:Penzias
3615:Kapitsa
3587:Richter
3560:A. Bohr
3536:Giaever
3516:Bardeen
3480:Alvarez
3464:Kastler
3456:Feynman
3336:Bardeen
3300:Zernike
3292:Purcell
3062:Compton
3007:N. Bohr
2896:Marconi
2828:Lorentz
2820:Röntgen
2802:of the
2719:of the
2715:in the
2680:at the
2025:12 June
2003:8 March
1999:. IAQMS
1953:30 June
1336:entropy
1302:entropy
1018:is the
609:Maurice
593:Broglie
548:of the
460:French:
268:Physics
94:scholar
4807:(2012)
4801:(1987)
4795:(1960)
4789:(1906)
4783:(1901)
4777:(1870)
4771:(1804)
4765:(1745)
4759:(1742)
4704:(2008)
4696:(1998)
4688:(1997)
4680:(1988)
4672:(1944)
4664:(1924)
4656:(1890)
4648:(1857)
4640:(1835)
4632:(1811)
4624:(1810)
4616:(1803)
4608:(1788)
4600:(1753)
4592:(1721)
4584:(1718)
4576:(1711)
4568:(1684)
4560:(1643)
4552:(1635)
4538:seat 1
4264:Krausz
4258:2023:
4244:Aspect
4242:2022:
4236:Manabe
4228:Parisi
4226:2021:
4216:Genzel
4210:2020:
4204:Queloz
4194:2019:
4184:Mourou
4180:Ashkin
4178:2018:
4172:Thorne
4168:Barish
4162:2017:
4146:2016:
4136:Kajita
4134:2015:
4118:2014:
4106:2013:
4094:2012:
4078:2011:
4066:2010:
4050:2009:
4034:2008:
4022:2007:
4012:Mather
4010:2006:
4004:HĂ€nsch
3994:2005:
3978:2004:
3962:2003:
3946:2002:
3940:Wieman
3930:2001:
3901:2000:
3889:1999:
3873:1998:
3857:1997:
3843:D. Lee
3841:1996:
3835:Reines
3829:1995:
3817:1994:
3805:1993:
3797:1992:
3789:1991:
3773:1990:
3759:Ramsey
3757:1989:
3741:1988:
3735:MĂŒller
3729:1987:
3723:Rohrer
3719:Binnig
3713:1986:
3705:1985:
3695:Rubbia
3693:1984:
3687:Fowler
3681:1983:
3673:1982:
3657:1981:
3647:Cronin
3645:1980:
3629:1979:
3613:1978:
3597:1977:
3585:1976:
3558:1975:
3552:Hewish
3546:1974:
3530:1973:
3520:Cooper
3514:1972:
3506:1971:
3496:Alfvén
3494:1970:
3486:1969:
3478:1968:
3470:1967:
3462:1966:
3446:1965:
3432:Townes
3430:1964:
3424:Jensen
3416:Wigner
3414:1963:
3408:Landau
3406:1962:
3394:1961:
3388:Glaser
3386:1960:
3374:1959:
3358:1958:
3346:1957:
3330:1956:
3318:1955:
3306:1954:
3298:1953:
3286:1952:
3280:Walton
3274:1951:
3257:Powell
3255:1950:
3249:Yukawa
3247:1949:
3239:1948:
3231:1947:
3223:1946:
3215:1945:
3207:1944:
3199:1943:
3170:1939:
3162:1938:
3150:1937:
3138:1936:
3130:1935:
3111:1933:
3103:1932:
3088:1930:
3080:1929:
3072:1928:
3060:1927:
3054:Perrin
3052:1926:
3031:Franck
3029:1925:
3021:1924:
3013:1923:
3005:1922:
2997:1921:
2989:1920:
2981:1919:
2975:Planck
2973:1918:
2967:Barkla
2965:1917:
2946:1915:
2938:1914:
2930:1913:
2922:1912:
2914:1911:
2906:1910:
2894:1909:
2886:1908:
2878:1907:
2870:1906:
2864:Lenard
2862:1905:
2854:1904:
2838:1903:
2832:Zeeman
2826:1902:
2818:1901:
2608:10 May
2584:770045
2582:
2542:10 May
2517:10 May
2436:Physis
2430:
2355:
2315:
2280:
2257:
2071:
2065:236150
2063:
1896:
1866:
1841:
1751:Lexico
1454:, 1926
1318:action
1298:action
1291:Carnot
1144:photon
952:French
901:x-rays
769:UNESCO
715:causal
613:Dieppe
584:under
546:seat 1
294:(1924)
292:
283:Thesis
264:Fields
252:(1952)
247:(1938)
238:(1929)
232:Awards
174:Dieppe
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4468:1929
4370:Peace
4310:1929
4200:Mayor
4164:Weiss
4124:Amano
4112:Higgs
4088:Riess
4060:Smith
4056:Boyle
4036:Nambu
4016:Smoot
3980:Gross
3948:Davis
3921:2001â
3911:Kilby
3823:Shull
3807:Hulse
3715:Ruska
3651:Fitch
3635:Salam
3532:Esaki
3508:Gabor
3472:Bethe
3436:Basov
3376:SegrĂš
3364:Frank
3324:Kusch
3312:Bothe
3288:Bloch
3217:Pauli
3201:Stern
3164:Fermi
3117:Dirac
3090:Raman
3035:Hertz
2983:Stark
2924:Dalén
2900:Braun
2580:JSTOR
2404:(PDF)
2186:(PDF)
2069:S2CID
2061:JSTOR
1423:1952
1393:1938
1390:Prize
1386:1932
1380:1929
1374:1929
1203:When
1064:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
4493:1934
4488:1933
4483:1932
4478:1931
4473:1930
4463:1928
4458:1927
4453:1926
4448:1925
4443:1924
4350:1929
4220:Ghez
4068:Geim
4024:Fert
4000:Hall
3883:Tsui
3831:Perl
3767:Paul
3603:Mott
3591:Ting
3548:Ryle
3500:NĂ©el
3368:Tamm
3320:Lamb
3308:Born
3209:Rabi
3193:1942
3186:1941
3179:1940
3140:Hess
3124:1934
3097:1931
2959:1916
2940:Laue
2916:Wien
2610:2023
2544:2023
2519:2023
2428:ISBN
2387:help
2353:ISBN
2313:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2224:2008
2198:2020
2165:help
2125:help
2045:Isis
2027:2015
2005:2010
1955:2015
1894:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1820:2019
1789:2019
814:duke
690:and
558:CERN
388:also
182:Died
156:Born
73:news
4052:Kao
3859:Chu
2721:ZBW
2572:doi
2453:PDF
2100:doi
2053:doi
854:by
560:).
56:by
4832::
4266:/
4262:/
4250:/
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