33:
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407:, especially in medicine. In 1920, early in his tenure at Harlem Hospital, he played a key role in fighting the precedent in New York whereby African-American doctors and nurses were barred from serving in municipal hospitals. He actively opposed segregated hospitals, including a successful effort in 1930 to stop the construction of a new such facility proposed by the
484:. Edwards, like Wright, graduated at the top of his class at Harvard Medical School and serves as the first African-American surgeon at the fictionalized Knickerbocker Hospital in Manhattan. Whereas the Harlem Hospital consisted a previously all-white surgical staff serving primarily African-American patients, the hospital in
381:. At Harvard he insisted on equal treatment when a professor prevented him from delivering white patients' babies. He joined the NAACP after medical school and remained involved with the organization for the rest of his life, eventually serving as chairman of its national board of directors from 1933 until his death in 1952.
337:
and established ties to the Harlem
Hospital, where he was the first African-American on the surgical staff. Dr. Wright's implementations at Harlem Hospital were incredibly significant. He addressed the institution's issues of professionalism and quality of standards, and made the appropriate changes.
266:
in 1915, finishing fourth in his class. Wright's admission to
Harvard Medical School must be recognized as no easy feat. Despite being a very educated individual, Wright was deemed unfit by Channing Frothingham, MD––one of the medical school's interviewers––due to his attendance of an undergraduate
422:
There is no such thing as Negro health ... the health of the
American Negro is not a separate racial problem to be met by special segregated setups or dealt with on a dual standard basis, but is an American problem which should be adequately and equitably handled by the identical agencies and met
488:
is an all-white surgical staff serving primarily white patients. While
Edwards, active two decades prior to Wright, was not involved in broad-scale civil rights activism, the racial injustice he and others contended with is a major theme of the show.
989:
411:. In working towards equality in medicine and medical education, he advocated for raising standards for black medical students, leading to some pushback from peers who had become used to having a different set of requirements.
338:
Wright's additions gained the attention of the nation, and his revisions were eventually implemented into many hospitals nationwide. In 1929 he was also appointed to serve as the first
African-American police surgeon with the
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institution that permitted blacks. However, after subjecting Wright to numerous tests, Frothingham ultimately ruled that he had "adequate chemistry for admission to this school." He completed his postgraduate work at
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and was the first
African-American to own an automobile in the city, had a strong influence on Louis both as a physician and through the racism Louis watched him endure.
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from 1939 to 1942. Though he returned to medicine thereafter and was appointed chief of surgery in 1943, he never fully recovered and died in 1952 at the age of 61.
342:. In his thirty years at the hospital he started the Harlem Hospital Bulletin, headed the team that first used chlortetracycline on humans, founded the hospital's
243:
minister. Ceah died shortly after Louis's birth and his mother, a sewing teacher named Lula
Tompkins, remarried in 1899. Also a physician, Louis's step-father,
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Throughout his career Wright published research extensively and his research proved influential in a number of areas including antibiotic treatment,
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on the surgical staff of a non-segregated hospital in New York City. He was influential for his medical research as well as his efforts pushing for
824:
325:
Louis T. Wright and colleagues at patient bedside, Harlem
Hospital, New York, N.Y. From left to right: Dr. Lyndon M. Hill, Dr. Louis T. Wright,
392:, the NAACP's magazine publication. The majority of Wright's work dealt with issues that are still brought up by modern black authors, such as
2432:
Louis
Tompkins Wright papers, 1879, 1898, 1909-1997. H MS c56. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
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396:. Wright challenged the false beliefs that because of their biology, black people are more susceptible to infectious diseases—such as
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Upon returning to the United States in 1919, he moved to New York amid racial tensions in
Georgia to set up a private practice in
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990:"Before modern medicine there was the New York Knickerbocker Hospital ... Cinemax's New Late Summer Series, "The Knick""
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235:. His father, Ceah Ketchan Wright, was born enslaved but obtained formal education, finishing medical school as
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for "his contribution to the healing of mankind and for his courageous position in the face of bitter attack."
2004:
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329:, Dr. Aaron Prigot, unidentified African American woman patient, and unidentified hospital employee.
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459:"What the Negro physician needs is equal opportunity for training and practice—no more, nor less."
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efforts, beginning in college when he missed three weeks of school to join picket lines protesting
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880:"Topic | Dr. Louis T. Wright | The History of African Americans in the Medical Professions"
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606:"Wright, Louis T. (Louis Tompkins), 1891–1952. Papers, 1879, 1898, 1909–1997: Finding Aid"
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with the identical methods that deal with the health of the remainder of the population.
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Wright had chronic health problems following his war service and was hospitalized for
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Shortly after completing medical school and moving back to Georgia, Wright joined the
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did not go unnoticed. For the better part of a decade, he wrote multiple columns in
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and Barbara Wright Pierce, both of whom also became physicians and researchers.
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during World War I, stationed in France. While there he introduced intradermal
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Wright is the inspiration for the character Algernon Edwards, played by actor
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642:"Dr. Louis T. Wright and the NAACP: Pioneers in Hospital Racial Integration"
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The Harlem Hospital library was renamed in his honor just before he died.
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910:"Louis T. Wright, surgeon and NAACP Chairman – African American Registry"
751:"Wright, Louis T. (1891–1952) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed"
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center, and earned a reputation as an expert on head injuries. He was a
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Civil Rights: An A-to-Z Reference of the Movement That Changed America
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African American Doctors of World War I: The Lives of 104 Volunteers
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Deluxe Jim Crow: Civil Rights and American Health Policy, 1935-1954
397:
311:
1034:
Gates Jr. Henry Louis; Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, eds. (2009).
475:
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Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
428:
Louis T. Wright, Address at the 1938 National Health Conference
2392:
Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics
203:(July 23, 1891 – October 8, 1952) was an American surgeon and
2035:
385:
223:(NAACP), which he served as chairman for nearly two decades.
959:"The Hygiene Fiend Who Inspired Gory New Drama 'The Knick'"
2036:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
847:"Medicine: Negro Fellow. Time Magazine, 29th October 1934"
377:
a film controversial for its sympathetic portrayal of the
221:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
52:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
561:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Running Press. p. 464.
453:, treating head injuries, and treating bone fractures.
357:
791:"The Politics of Early Surgery: Review of 'The Knick'"
16:
American surgeon and civil rights activist (1891-1952)
2190:
247:, was the first African-American to graduate from
286:Corinne Cooke, and the couple had two daughters,
239:but later giving up his medical practice to be a
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1038:. From the African American National Biography.
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362:Throughout his life Wright involved himself in
1015:Buckely, Joann H.; Fisher, W. Douglas (2016).
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403:He was a frequent leader in the struggle for
262:in 1911 and received his medical degree from
716:"Louis Tompkins Wright, MD, FACS, 1891–1952"
507:"Louis Tompkins Wright, MD, FACS, 1891–1952"
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2013:
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348:Fellow of the American College of Surgeons
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2477:United States Army Medical Corps officers
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557:, eds. (2004). "Wright, Louis Tompkins".
251:. Penn, who became a prominent doctor in
2467:20th-century African-American physicians
2382:NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
639:
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226:
827:from the original on September 17, 2020
789:Thomas, Karen Kruse (August 11, 2014).
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987:
801:from the original on September 9, 2018
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761:from the original on September 8, 2018
2008:
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920:from the original on October 17, 2018
874:
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591:
579:from the original on October 20, 2017
219:in medicine and involvement with the
950:
890:from the original on August 17, 2019
745:
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741:
414:In 1940 he was the recipient of the
358:Civil rights activism and leadership
988:Gipson, Grace (September 4, 2014).
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726:from the original on August 3, 2020
517:from the original on August 3, 2020
433:
13:
2054:Presidents and CEOs (1996–present)
1008:
869:
853:. October 29, 1934. Archived from
640:Reynolds, P. Preston (June 2000).
14:
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2050:Executive Secretaries (1910–1964)
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646:American Journal of Public Health
293:
2472:20th-century American physicians
1019:. McFarland & Company, Inc.
2492:American civil rights activists
2457:Clark Atlanta University alumni
2052:Executive Directors (1964–1996)
1061:. University of Georgia Press.
957:Hay, Mark (September 3, 2014).
932:
902:
839:
813:
703:Encyclopedia of World Biography
612:. June 13, 2007. Archived from
708:
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1:
2482:People from LaGrange, Georgia
2462:Harvard Medical School alumni
492:
279:before returning to Georgia.
207:activist. In his position at
1057:Thomas, Karen Kruse (2011).
720:American College of Surgeons
511:American College of Surgeons
352:American Medical Association
7:
1145:William Stanley Braithwaite
575:. Northbysouth.kenyon.edu.
10:
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823:. Faculty.washington.edu.
821:"University of Washington"
340:New York Police Department
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2407:National Negro Committee
1785:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.
1401:Charles Hamilton Houston
1185:George Washington Carver
1036:Harlem Renaissance Lives
478:television drama series
260:Clark Atlanta University
2309:Stephen Gill Spottswood
2273:Oswald Garrison Villard
1040:Oxford University Press
553:Appiah, Kwame Anthony;
249:Yale School of Medicine
106:Oswald Garrison Villard
37:Sculpture of Wright by
2297:Channing Heggie Tobias
2191:Presidents (1909–1996)
2175:Cornell William Brooks
2157:Dennis Courtland Hayes
2145:Dennis Courtland Hayes
1841:Constance Baker Motley
1721:Frederick D. Patterson
1457:Martin Luther King Jr.
1385:Channing Heggie Tobias
1273:William T. B. Williams
1249:Richard Berry Harrison
1233:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson
697:June 21, 2016, at the
555:Gates Jr., Henry Louis
431:
330:
264:Harvard Medical School
258:Wright graduated from
87:Channing Heggie Tobias
2502:20th-century surgeons
2333:Myrlie Evers-Williams
1801:Myrlie Evers-Williams
1557:Clarence Mitchell Jr.
1409:Mabel Keaton Staupers
1169:Charles Sidney Gilpin
1000:on November 24, 2014.
994:The Berkeley Graduate
944:July 7, 2010, at the
658:10.2105/AJPH.90.6.883
420:
394:Harriet A. Washington
384:Wright's work at the
373:The Birth of a Nation
324:
245:William Fletcher Penn
227:Early life and family
197:Louis Tompkins Wright
2372:NAACP Theatre Awards
2315:Margaret Bush Wilson
2171:(2013–2014, interim)
2159:(2007–2008, interim)
2147:(2004–2005, interim)
2103:James Weldon Johnson
2091:James Weldon Johnson
1905:Frankie Muse Freeman
1669:Benjamin Elijah Mays
1297:Walter Francis White
1201:James Weldon Johnson
1177:Mary Burnett Talbert
939:NAACP Spingarn Medal
857:on November 25, 2010
757:. January 19, 2007.
466:Fictional portrayals
318:after a gas attack.
314:and was awarded the
2387:NAACP Youth Council
2321:Kelly Alexander Sr.
2285:Mary White Ovington
2279:Joel Elias Spingarn
2204:Joel Elias Spingarn
2079:Mary White Ovington
2067:Mary White Ovington
1433:Theodore K. Lawless
1281:Mary McLeod Bethune
1225:Charles W. Chesnutt
1121:Ernest Everett Just
969:on November 8, 2014
884:chaamp.virginia.edu
692:"Jane Cooke Wright"
616:on October 11, 2016
400:—than other races.
273:Freedmen's Hospital
231:Wright was born in
75:Mary White Ovington
2377:NAACP Image Awards
2210:Arthur B. Spingarn
2085:Royal Freeman Nash
1945:Nathaniel R. Jones
1809:Earl G. Graves Sr.
1777:John Hope Franklin
1377:Percy Lavon Julian
1337:A. Philip Randolph
1257:Robert Russa Moton
462:— Louis T. Wright
331:
300:Army Medical Corps
282:He married public
160:Harvard University
151:Atlanta University
2497:American surgeons
2422:
2421:
2360:
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2255:
2254:
2246:Rupert Richardson
2073:May Childs Nerney
2002:
2001:
1985:Cato T. Laurencin
1369:Thurgood Marshall
1345:William H. Hastie
1209:Carter G. Woodson
288:Jane Cooke Wright
269:Howard University
233:LaGrange, Georgia
211:he was the first
194:
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119:LaGrange, Georgia
2509:
2402:Niagara Movement
2303:Robert C. Weaver
2198:Moorfield Storey
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2061:Frances Blascoer
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434:Death and legacy
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39:William E. Artis
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2487:NAACP activists
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2351:Leon W. Russell
2291:Louis T. Wright
2267:English Walling
2251:
2234:Enolia McMillan
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2181:Derrick Johnson
2169:Lorraine Miller
2151:Bruce S. Gordon
2133:Earl Shinhoster
2127:Benjamin Chavis
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2003:
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1969:Patrick Gaspard
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1353:Charles R. Drew
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1321:Louis T. Wright
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1313:Marian Anderson
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344:cancer research
302:, serving as a
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217:racial equality
209:Harlem Hospital
181:Military awards
171:Civilian awards
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129:October 8, 1952
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2397:Spingarn Medal
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2353:(2017–present)
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2327:William Gibson
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2183:(2017–present)
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2017:
2009:
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1937:Sidney Poitier
1932:
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1761:Dorothy Height
1756:
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1748:
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1737:Douglas Wilder
1732:
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1700:
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1107:Spingarn Medal
1103:
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652:(6): 883–892.
627:
590:
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528:
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467:
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416:Spingarn Medal
409:Rosenwald Fund
368:D. W. Griffith
359:
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327:Dr. Myra Logan
295:
294:Medical career
292:
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277:Washington, DC
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472:Andre Holland
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136:New York City
128:
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116:July 23, 1891
104:
100:
95:
91:
88:
85:
79:
76:
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67:
61:
56:
53:
50:Chair of the
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2411:
2345:Roslyn Brock
2290:
2260:Board Chairs
2216:Kivie Kaplan
2139:Kweisi Mfume
2109:Walter White
1976:
1961:Willie Brown
1952:
1929:Quincy Jones
1897:Cicely Tyson
1873:John Conyers
1769:Maya Angelou
1745:Colin Powell
1713:Percy Sutton
1684:
1641:Andrew Young
1632:
1604:
1589:Wilson Riles
1581:Gordon Parks
1509:Medgar Evers
1393:Ralph Bunche
1361:Paul Robeson
1320:
1304:
1193:Roland Hayes
1058:
1035:
1016:
998:the original
993:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:the original
962:
952:
934:
922:. Retrieved
913:
904:
894:December 12,
892:. Retrieved
883:
859:. Retrieved
855:the original
841:
829:. Retrieved
815:
803:. Retrieved
794:
765:December 12,
763:. Retrieved
754:
730:December 12,
728:. Retrieved
719:
710:
702:
649:
645:
618:. Retrieved
614:the original
609:
581:. Retrieved
567:
558:
521:December 12,
519:. Retrieved
510:
501:
485:
479:
469:
461:
458:
455:
451:chemotherapy
444:
440:tuberculosis
437:
421:
413:
402:
383:
379:Ku Klux Klan
371:
364:civil rights
361:
332:
316:Purple Heart
297:
281:
271:-affiliated
257:
230:
205:civil rights
196:
195:
185:Purple Heart
131:(1952-10-08)
82:Succeeded by
59:
25:Louis Wright
18:
2452:1952 deaths
2447:1891 births
2347:(2010–2017)
2341:(1998–2010)
2339:Julian Bond
2335:(1995–1998)
2329:(1985–1995)
2323:(1983–1984)
2317:(1975–1983)
2311:(1961–1975)
2305:(1960–1961)
2299:(1953–1960)
2293:(1934–1953)
2287:(1919–1934)
2281:(1914–1919)
2275:(1911–1914)
2269:(1910–1911)
2248:(1992–1996)
2242:(1990–1992)
2240:Hazel Dukes
2236:(1984–1990)
2224:(1976–1982)
2218:(1966–1975)
2212:(1940–1965)
2206:(1930–1939)
2200:(1909–1929)
2177:(2014–2017)
2165:(2008–2013)
2163:Ben Jealous
2153:(2005–2007)
2141:(1996–2004)
2135:(1994–1996)
2129:(1993–1994)
2123:(1977–1992)
2117:(1955–1977)
2115:Roy Wilkins
2111:(1929–1955)
2105:(1920–1929)
2099:(1918–1920)
2093:(1917–1918)
2087:(1916–1917)
2075:(1912–1916)
2069:(1911–1912)
2063:(1910–1911)
1993:Jim Clyburn
1889:Julian Bond
1857:Oliver Hill
1693:Tom Bradley
1621:Alvin Ailey
1597:Damon Keith
1517:Roy Wilkins
1465:Daisy Bates
973:November 8,
924:October 17,
861:February 1,
831:February 1,
805:November 8,
620:November 9,
583:February 1,
405:integration
308:vaccination
70:Preceded by
2441:Categories
2413:The Crisis
2228:James Kemp
1865:Ben Carson
1833:John Lewis
1793:Carl Rowan
1697:Bill Cosby
1677:Lena Horne
1645:Rosa Parks
1625:Alex Haley
1613:Hank Aaron
1265:Max Yergan
493:References
390:The Crisis
304:lieutenant
112:1891-07-23
1289:John Hope
486:The Knick
481:The Knick
474:, in the
241:Methodist
147:Education
64:1934–1952
60:In office
2365:See also
1977:no award
1953:no award
1881:Ruby Dee
1685:no award
1633:no award
1605:no award
1467:and the
1305:no award
942:Archived
918:Archived
888:Archived
825:Archived
799:Archived
759:Archived
724:Archived
695:Archived
676:10846505
577:Archived
515:Archived
426:—
398:syphilis
350:and the
312:smallpox
140:New York
2043:Leaders
1109:winners
667:1446256
476:Cinemax
253:Atlanta
2230:(1983)
2081:(1916)
1991:2022:
1983:2021:
1975:2020:
1967:2019:
1959:2018:
1951:2017:
1943:2016:
1935:2015:
1927:2014:
1919:2013:
1911:2012:
1903:2011:
1895:2010:
1887:2009:
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1871:2007:
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1223:1928:
1215:1927:
1207:1926:
1199:1925:
1191:1924:
1183:1923:
1175:1922:
1167:1921:
1159:1920:
1151:1919:
1143:1918:
1135:1917:
1127:1916:
1119:1915:
1065:
1046:
1023:
705:(2008)
674:
664:
335:Harlem
199:, MD,
142:, U.S.
121:, U.S.
386:NAACP
1695:and
1643:and
1623:and
1063:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1021:ISBN
975:2014
926:2018
896:2018
863:2012
851:Time
833:2012
807:2014
767:2018
732:2018
672:PMID
622:2014
585:2012
523:2018
310:for
201:FACS
126:Died
102:Born
662:PMC
654:doi
370:'s
275:in
2443::
1042:.
992:.
961:.
916:.
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886:.
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164:MD
155:BS
138:,
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153:(
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110:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
