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with the intent to dam Sonoma Creek and provide water for Sonoma State
Hospital. Due to protest from locals, the dam was never built. The property, which was used for camping, picnicking, and grazing, became part of the State Park System in 1964. Today, land uses in regions surrounding the Preserve are a mixture of agriculture, rural residential, urban/industrial, and protected lands. More than 50 percent of the valley is forested with tree cover including redwoods, oaks, and chaparral.
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and from there on ships to San
Francisco. The railroad also brought increased numbers of settlers and recreation (e.g., hot springs, fishing, and hunting). With a growing population came an increased need for reliable water supplies. In 1920, the State of California purchased lands on Sugarloaf Ridge
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By 1850, California had become part of the United States. The first
American settlers moved into the Sonoma Valley and began farming fertile valleys and making modifications to the Sonoma Creek drainages. By the late 1800s, valley ditches were common and connections had been created between all the
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given by
Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Captain John Wilson, a Scottish-born sea captain and trader. The same year, Wilson married María Ramona Carrillo de Pacheco (1812–1888) daughter of Maria Ygnacia Lopez de Carrillo who received the first land grant (Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa) in the Santa Rosa
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temperature was 115 °F in 1972 and the lowest recorded temperature was 11 °F in 1932. Rainfall average is 36.9 inches, with the lowest average monthly rainfall in July (0.00 in) and August (0.05 in) and the highest average is
February (7.61 in) and December (7.12 in).
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The Los
Guillicos Preserve was secured by Sonoma State University in the mid-1960s as excess State property. Until 2011, it was administered by the SSU Biology Department as an ecological preserve. In Fall 2011, management and administration was transferred to the Center for Environmental Inquiry.
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watershed before the arrival of the
Spanish missionaries in California. The Wappo people were accomplished artisans and resource managers, known for their fine basketry and farming techniques. Their village of Wilikos was located at the headwaters of Sonoma Creek. At the time of first contact with
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The climate is
Mediterranean, with warm dry summers and cool wet winters. In nearby Kenwood the warmest months are July and August (55 F average low, and 89 F average high) and coolest are in December and January (55 F average high and 38 F and 39 F average low respectively). The highest recorded
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Preserve lands are at the transition between valley floor (quaternary alluvial fan sediments) and foothills of the range. Most of the
Preserve is composed of air fall rhyolite tuff and some Tertiary volcanic flow rocks (rhyolite, basalt and dacite) of the Sonoma Volcanics.
164:(Sonoma Valley). The 40-acre (16 ha) property is 2.5 miles (4 km) from Kenwood and contains about 5 acres (2 ha) on the Sonoma Valley floor and 35 (14 ha) acres of mountainous terrain in the Mayacamas Range. Elevation ranges from 600 to 800 feet (183 to 244 meters).
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The
Preserve lies at the extreme upper end of the Sonoma Creek watershed, a 166-sq-mile (430 ha) watershed that drains into San Pablo Bay. Mountainous areas of the Preserve divide Pythian and Felton Creeks, both tributaries to Sonoma Creek which is known to support
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Scientific research is encouraged, but is currently limited to one project with includes long-term micro-meteorological monitoring, and another project doing dendrochronological analyses to investigate the history of fire on the Preserve.
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The Wappo were one of the few tribes to successfully resist military takeovers by the Spanish, but they succumbed to the cholera and smallpox epidemics of 1833 and 1838. Most of those who survived were eventually relocated to the
112:. This highly productive habitat likely provided the Wappo with abundant food (e.g. coho salmon, steelhead, waterfowl) and resources. Archeological sites and artifacts from this period have been recorded on the Preserve.
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major isolated tributaries and Sonoma Creek. More mountainous areas of the watershed were generally settled by "gentlemen farmers" who tended business in town and ranched on their properties in mountains.
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139:'s demand for resources. Once the railroad was built, natural resources (e.g., agricultural products, redwood timber, quarried basalt, and gravel) could be easily exported to
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Hoffman, O. 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco.
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Europeans, there was a large marsh complex (about 400 acres/162 ha) that stretched from present-day Pythian Road (just south of the Preserve) through
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Grasslands generally occur in flat areas (ridge tops and valley bottom) of the Preserve. Grasslands in the valley bottom include mature Douglas fir (
120:. Much of the culture and language has been lost. Today some Wappo descendants are making an effort to revive their spoken language.
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In 1837, lands at the upper end of Sonoma Valley and eastern Santa Rosa (including the Los Guillicos Preserve) became part of an
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200:). Grasses are predominantly non-native European annuals but include some native grasses (e.g., blue wild rye,
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354:"An Introduction to the Historical Ecology of the Sonoma Creek Watershed | Sonoma Valley Knowledge Base"
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In the late 19th and early 20th century, much of the local economy in the Sonoma Valley was driven by
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392:"Sonoma Creek Watershed Limiting Factors Analysis. Final Report. | Sonoma Valley Knowledge Base"
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There are two barns at the entrance of the property just off Pythian Road which are used by the
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Los Guillicos Preserve is located in the northwest corner of the Sonoma Creek Watershed
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440:"Kenwood, CA Weather Forecast and Conditions - The Weather Channel | Weather.com"
180:(federally threatened), and California freshwater shrimp (federally endangered).
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under contract with SSU as a flight aviary for rehabilitating wild raptors.
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294:"About Los Guillicos Preserve - Center for Environmental Inquiry at SSU"
416:"Sonoma Valley Watershed Geologic Map | Sonoma Valley Knowledge Base"
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The Preserve lies 1.6 miles from Mount Hood in the foothills of
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83:. Since 2011, the Preserve has been managed by
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494:Nature reserves in California
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247:Sonoma County Wildlife Rescue
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160:on the northeastern side of
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225:Toxicodendron diversilobum
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420:knowledge.sonomacreek.net
396:knowledge.sonomacreek.net
358:knowledge.sonomacreek.net
268:Fairfield Osborn Preserve
219:Umbellularia californica
176:(federally threatened),
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70:Mayacamas Mountain Range
34:38.443734°N 122.574625°W
499:Sonoma State University
206:). Bigleaf periwinkle (
85:Sonoma State University
74:Sonoma Creek Watershed
58:Los Guillicos Preserve
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39:38.443734; -122.574625
191:Pseudotsuga menziesii
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327:"Sugarloaf Ridge SP"
56:The 40-acre (16 ha)
489:Mayacamas Mountains
444:The Weather Channel
78:Rancho Los Guilicos
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162:Valley of the Moon
81:Mexican Land Grant
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25:122°34′29″W
478:Categories
449:2019-07-10
425:2019-07-10
401:2019-07-10
363:2019-07-10
336:2019-07-10
303:2019-07-10
274:References
241:Facilities
184:Vegetation
110:Glen Ellen
22:38°26′37″N
108:and into
257:See also
232:Climate
106:Kenwood
91:History
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152:Lands
97:Wappo
95:The
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