Knowledge

LocalTalk

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138: 129: 27: 200: 288:"outer" pair of the modular connector, it could travel on many pre-existing phone cables and jacks where just the inner pair was in use for RJ11 telephone service. PhoneNET was also able to use an office's existing phone wire, allowing for entire floors of computers to be easily networked. Farallon introduced a 12-port hub, which made constructing 243:
The 230.4 kbit/s bit rate is the highest in the series of standard serial bit rates (110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400) derived from the 3.6864 MHz clock after the customary divide-by-16. This clock frequency, 3.6864 MHz, was
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telephone connectors) connected to a PhoneNET transceiver, instead of the expensive, shielded, twisted-pair cable. In addition to being lower cost, PhoneNET-wired networks were more reliable due to the connections being more difficult to accidentally disconnect. In addition, because it used the
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protocol, which was a packet oriented protocol that incorporated addressing, bit-stuffing, and packet checksumming in hardware. Coupled together with the RS422 electrical connections, this provided a reasonably-high-speed data connection.
398:. However, well past the move to Ethernet, the connector's design continued to be used on all of Apple's peripherals and cable connectors as well as influencing the connectors used throughout the industry as a whole. 311:-based networking in the early 1990s led to the swift disappearance of both LocalTalk and PhoneNET. They remained in use for some time in low-cost applications and applications where Ethernet was not used. 248:
was used to lock to the clock embedded in the LocalTalk serial data stream (using its FM0 encoding method) a divide-by-16 setting on the PLL yielded the fastest rate available, namely 230.4 kbit/s.
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networks of up to 48 devices as easy as adding jacks at the workstations and some jumpers in the phone closet. These factors led to PhoneNET largely supplanting LocalTalk wiring in low-cost networking.
331:(AAUI), and all other Ethernet media via an AAUI–AUI adapter, while still supporting LocalTalk-based networking. For older Macintosh computers that did not have built-in Ethernet, a high-speed 297: 193: 146:
Interior of Apple LocalTalk interface box. In 1989, these boxes typically cost US$ 90 (equivalent to $ 220 in 2023) each. The connectors feature automatic
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chosen (in part) to support the common asynchronous baud rates up to 38.4 kbit/s using the SCC's internal baud-rate generator. When the SCC's internal
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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in 1998 the traditional Mac serial port—and thus, the ability to use both LocalTalk and PhoneNET—disappeared from new models of Macintosh.
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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from transceiver to transceiver. Each transceiver had two three-pin mini-DIN ports, and a "pigtail" cable to connect to the Mac's
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Originally released as "AppleTalk Personal Network", LocalTalk used shielded twisted-pair cable with three-pin
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The useful life of PhoneNET was extended with the introduction of LocalTalk switching technology by
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introduced the eight-pin mini-DIN serial connector, transceivers were updated as well.
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The LocalTalk connector had the distinction of being the first to use Apple's unified
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designs. LocalTalk connectors were first released in January 1985 to connect the
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was a 16-port packet switch designed to speed up overloaded PhoneNET networks.
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of the LocalTalk signal bus; insertion of a LocalTalk bus cable depresses a
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family of computers as an integral part of the newly announced
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behind the connector, disabling termination for that connector.
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was implemented as a random multiple access method.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3652: 211:during planning, so the Mac was given expensive 557: 1551: 543: 408: 1558: 1544: 550: 536: 192:, running at a rate of 230.4 kbit/s. 231:, which could serve as either a standard 203:Farallon's competing PhoneNet transceiver 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 435: 415: 227:connector. The ports were driven by the 198: 458:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 188:cabling, plugged into self-terminating 3653: 166:is a particular implementation of the 16:Implementation of AppleTalk networking 1539: 531: 456:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 235:or handle the much more complicated 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 13: 1565: 264:serial connector. Later, when the 14: 3702: 207:Networking was envisioned in the 1351:Mouse and other pointing devices 1168:Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card 361: 271:A variation of LocalTalk called 184:LocalTalk specifies a system of 136: 127: 25: 3640:Timeline of Apple Inc. products 1190:Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh 329:Apple Attachment Unit Interface 307:The widespread availability of 36:needs additional citations for 2961:AppleColor High-Resolution RGB 1239:AppleColor High-Resolution RGB 471: 1: 401: 348:LocalTalk-to-Ethernet bridges 450:American Antiquarian Society 430:American Antiquarian Society 7: 3666:Computer network technology 506: 390:printer initially with the 10: 3707: 2754:Interactive Television Box 1484:Interactive Television Box 368:AppleTalk Connector Family 300:. Introduced in 1990, the 3615: 3347: 3327: 3274: 3216: 3195: 3082: 3019: 2936: 2862: 2855: 2772: 2741: 2666: 2487: 2319: 2312: 2275: 2102: 1657: 1648: 1574: 1527:Apple hardware since 1998 1523: 1476: 1453: 1400: 1369: 1323: 1267: 1214: 1207: 1128: 990: 865: 797: 744: 691: 633: 575: 566: 523:List of device bandwidths 350:were introduced to allow 3681:Physical layer protocols 2956:AppleColor Composite IIe 1387:Apple Communication Slot 1234:AppleColor Composite IIe 342:With the release of the 256:connectors. Cables were 3294:Letter Quality Printer 1173:Apple Workgroup Server 204: 148:electrical termination 3246:Apple II serial cards 2651:11 (4th) / 12.9 (6th) 2646:11 (3rd) / 12.9 (5th) 2641:11 (2nd) / 12.9 (4th) 2636:11 (1st) / 12.9 (3rd) 1616:Processor Direct Slot 1377:Apple II serial cards 879:68k-based PowerBooks 283:(same as the popular 202: 186:shielded twisted pair 1185:Apple Network Server 1141:Big Mac and Baby Mac 561:hardware before 1998 479:"AppleTalk Overview" 315:and early models of 298:Tribe Computer Works 221:nine-pin D-connector 45:improve this article 3676:Networking hardware 3661:Apple Inc. hardware 2459:16 Pro / 16 Pro Max 2449:15 Pro / 15 Pro Max 2439:14 Pro / 14 Pro Max 2429:13 Pro / 13 Pro Max 2419:12 Pro / 12 Pro Max 2409:11 Pro / 11 Pro Max 1903:5200 LC and 5300 LC 1525:See also template: 1420:Daisy Wheel Printer 1346:Adjustable Keyboard 1008:5200 LC and 5300 LC 370:design, created by 3289:Dot Matrix Printer 3261:Communication Slot 3141:Mice and trackpads 2110:Macintosh Portable 1415:Dot Matrix Printer 1152:Macintosh Performa 1120:Power Macintosh G3 951:-based PowerBooks 875:Macintosh Portable 490:. February 2, 2010 281:modular connectors 277:Farallon Computing 275:was introduced by 205: 3671:Network protocols 3648: 3647: 3343: 3342: 3314:Color LaserWriter 3309:410 Color Plotter 2851: 2850: 2631:10.5 / 12.9 (2nd) 2308: 2307: 1533: 1532: 1519: 1518: 1440:Color LaserWriter 1435:410 Color Plotter 1341:Extended Keyboard 1203: 1202: 1195:Macintosh history 1157:Macintosh Centris 635:Compact Macintosh 384:Apple Icon Family 302:Tribe LocalSwitch 121: 120: 113: 95: 3698: 3095:iPad accessories 2976:Multiple Scan 14 2860: 2859: 2626:9.7 / 12.9 (1st) 2317: 2316: 2283:Workgroup Server 2037:20th Anniversary 1655: 1654: 1560: 1553: 1546: 1537: 1536: 1254:Multiple Scan 14 1212: 1211: 799:Macintosh Quadra 573: 572: 552: 545: 538: 529: 528: 500: 499: 497: 495: 483: 475: 469: 468: 466: 464: 453: 447: 433: 427: 412: 396:Macintosh Office 313:Macintosh Quadra 140: 131: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3695: 3691:Legacy hardware 3651: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3619:Hardware lists 3611: 3339: 3323: 3270: 3212: 3191: 3078: 3064:Tape Drive 40SC 3015: 3011:Pro Display XDR 2932: 2847: 2768: 2737: 2662: 2483: 2304: 2271: 2098: 1890:Power Macintosh 1644: 1577: 1570: 1564: 1534: 1529: 1515: 1472: 1449: 1396: 1365: 1319: 1315:Tape Drive 40SC 1268:External drives 1263: 1244:Macintosh Color 1199: 1164:(Macintosh PDS) 1124: 992:Power Macintosh 986: 861: 793: 740: 687: 629: 562: 556: 509: 504: 503: 493: 491: 481: 477: 476: 472: 462: 460: 445: 437:McCusker, J. J. 425: 417:McCusker, J. J. 413: 409: 404: 364: 319:supported both 317:Power Macintosh 161: 160: 159: 158: 152:normally closed 143: 142: 141: 133: 132: 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3704: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3686:Link protocols 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3177: 3176: 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2865: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2656:11 (5th) / 13 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 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2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1958:7200 and 8200 1956: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1933:6200 and 6300 1931: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1895:4400 and 7220 1893: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1801:LC 500 series 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1722:Color Classic 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1573: 1568: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1528: 1522: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1324:Input devices 1322: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1259:ColorSync 750 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1196: 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765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 751: 749: 747: 743: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 696: 694: 690: 684: 683:Color Classic 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 638: 636: 632: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 582: 580: 578: 574: 571: 569: 565: 560: 553: 548: 546: 541: 539: 534: 533: 530: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 489: 488: 480: 474: 459: 451: 444: 443: 438: 431: 424: 423: 418: 411: 407: 399: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 362:Design legacy 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 294: 291: 290:star topology 286: 282: 278: 274: 269: 267: 263: 259: 258:daisy-chained 255: 250: 247: 241: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 219:, first on a 218: 214: 210: 201: 197: 195: 191: 187: 182: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 156: 153: 149: 139: 130: 115: 112: 104: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 65: 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Retrieved 441: 421: 410: 380:Rick Meadows 372:Brad Bissell 365: 354:(especially 341: 306: 295: 270: 251: 242: 223:, then on a 217:serial ports 206: 190:transceivers 183: 177:system from 163: 162: 107: 98: 88: 81: 74: 67: 55: 43:Please help 38:verification 35: 18: 3319:StyleWriter 3304:LaserWriter 3299:ImageWriter 3203:Click wheel 3173:Siri Remote 3090:Desktop Bus 3074:Xserve RAID 3006:Thunderbolt 2946:Monitor III 2914:SoundSticks 2856:Accessories 2782:Apple Watch 2399:XS / XS Max 2255:MacBook Pro 2238:MacBook Air 1445:StyleWriter 1430:LaserWriter 1425:ImageWriter 1336:Desktop Bus 1229:Monitor III 1208:Peripherals 1143:(cancelled) 831:600 series 434:1700–1799: 414:1634–1699: 388:LaserWriter 376:Frog Design 60:"LocalTalk" 3655:Categories 3217:Networking 3185:OneScanner 3122:Adjustable 3069:SuperDrive 2951:Monitor II 2909:iPod Hi-Fi 2899:Headphones 2843:Vision Pro 2804:MessagePad 2742:Unreleased 2463:iPhone SE 2384:8 / 8 Plus 2379:7 / 7 Plus 2369:6 / 6 Plus 2179:500 series 2120:100 series 2094:Mac Studio 1717:Classic II 1463:MessagePad 1370:Networking 1224:Monitor II 1136:Apple Lisa 942:500 series 883:100 series 678:Classic II 402:References 337:PowerBooks 225:mini-DIN-8 175:networking 101:March 2023 71:newspapers 3591:W series 3581:U series 3566:T series 3511:S series 3501:R series 3476:M series 3461:H series 3430:A12X/A12Z 3356:A series 3284:Silentype 3256:LocalTalk 3251:USB Modem 3208:Nike+iPod 3112:Keyboards 3034:Macintosh 2989:1998–2004 2838:QuickTake 2809:eMate 300 2584:iPad Mini 2231:2015–2019 2226:2006–2012 2115:PowerBook 1776:LC family 1729:II family 1640:Apple III 1576:Apple II 1468:eMate 300 1410:Silentype 1382:LocalTalk 1361:QuickTake 1285:Macintosh 867:PowerBook 568:Computers 513:AppleTalk 494:March 21, 392:Macintosh 229:Zilog SCC 209:Macintosh 172:AppleTalk 164:LocalTalk 3328:Security 3276:Printers 3127:Wireless 3117:Extended 2938:Displays 2904:Speakers 2777:Apple TV 2764:W.A.L.T. 2749:AirPower 2621:iPad Pro 2547:iPad Air 2089:Mac Mini 1880:Performa 1658:Desktops 1628:IIc Plus 1611:IIe Card 1591:Apple II 1569:hardware 1511:W.A.L.T. 1402:Printers 1331:Keyboard 1280:FileWare 1216:Displays 625:III Plus 610:IIc Plus 577:Apple II 507:See also 439:(1992). 419:(1997). 356:printers 327:via the 325:10BASE-T 309:Ethernet 273:PhoneNET 266:Mac Plus 254:mini-DIN 215:capable 3628:iPhones 3349:Silicon 3266:GeoPort 3234:Extreme 3229:Express 3224:AirPort 3180:Scanner 3059:PowerCD 3054:AppleCD 3039:ProFile 3029:Disk II 2985:Studio 2919:HomePod 2870:AirPods 2833:PowerCD 2816:Paladin 2691:Shuffle 2676:Classic 2313:Devices 2276:Servers 2221:MacBook 2103:Laptops 2084:Mac Pro 2025:G4 Cube 1885:Centris 1811:5200 LC 1712:Classic 1677:Compact 1601:II Plus 1586:Apple I 1494:Paladin 1392:GeoPort 1356:Scanner 1310:PowerCD 1305:AppleCD 1290:ProFile 1275:Disk II 949:PowerPC 784:5200 LC 673:Classic 595:II Plus 321:10BASE2 194:CSMA/CA 170:of the 85:scholar 3335:AirTag 3168:Remote 3151:Mighty 3107:iSight 3100:Pencil 3021:Drives 3001:Cinema 2826:Bandai 2821:Pippin 2799:Newton 2794:Beddit 2759:Mac NC 2321:iPhone 2300:Xserve 1823:Quadra 1806:LC 630 1796:LC 475 1791:LC III 1578:family 1504:Bandai 1499:Pippin 1489:Mac NC 1455:Newton 779:LC 630 769:LC 475 764:LC III 518:Econet 378:using 213:RS-422 155:switch 87:  80:  73:  66:  58:  3633:iPads 3156:Magic 3132:Magic 3083:Input 2966:Color 2887:Beats 2863:Audio 2787:Ultra 2696:Touch 2260:Intel 2243:Intel 2216:iBook 2199:2400c 2194:3400c 2062:Intel 1873:840AV 1838:660AV 1786:LC II 1707:SE/30 1692:512Ke 1567:Apple 1477:Other 975:2400c 970:3400c 955:2300c 845:660AV 827:840AV 759:LC II 668:SE/30 653:512Ke 559:Apple 487:Cisco 482:(PDF) 446:(PDF) 426:(PDF) 92:JSTOR 78:books 3623:Macs 3415:A10X 3196:iPod 2994:2022 2924:Mini 2892:Pill 2686:Nano 2681:Mini 2668:iPod 2542:10th 2489:iPad 2288:9150 2189:1400 2184:5300 2079:eMac 2042:iMac 2008:9600 2003:9500 1993:8600 1988:8500 1983:8100 1973:7600 1968:7500 1963:7300 1953:7100 1943:6500 1938:6400 1928:6100 1918:5500 1913:5400 1908:5260 1769:IIvx 1764:IIvi 1759:IIsi 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1828:610 1739:IIx 1650:Mac 1623:IIc 1606:IIe 935:230 930:210 925:Duo 918:190 913:150 908:180 903:160 898:170 893:140 888:100 855:630 850:605 840:650 835:610 822:800 817:950 812:900 807:700 706:IIx 620:III 605:IIc 600:IIe 374:of 246:PLL 181:. 47:by 3657:: 3605:W3 3600:W2 3595:W1 3585:U1 3575:T2 3570:T1 3560:S9 3555:S8 3550:S7 3545:S6 3540:S5 3535:S4 3530:S3 3525:S2 3515:S1 3505:R1 3495:M4 3490:M3 3485:M2 3480:M1 3470:H2 3465:H1 3400:A9 3390:A8 3385:A7 3375:A6 3365:A5 3360:A4 2404:11 2394:XR 2364:5S 2359:5C 2349:4S 2334:3G 2209:G4 2204:G3 2057:G5 2052:G4 2047:G3 2030:G5 2020:G4 2015:G3 1781:LC 1734:II 1702:SE 1596:II 980:G3 754:LC 701:II 663:SE 590:II 484:. 448:. 428:. 382:' 2604:4 2599:3 2594:2 2557:2 2502:2 2389:X 2354:5 2344:4 1559:e 1552:t 1545:v 585:I 551:e 544:t 537:v 498:. 467:. 452:. 432:. 114:) 108:( 103:) 99:( 89:· 82:· 75:· 68:· 41:.

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Local cable and interior circuit board, port-side view
Rear view of auto-termination switch with dust cover removed
electrical termination
normally closed
switch
physical layer
AppleTalk
networking
Apple Computer
shielded twisted pair
transceivers
CSMA/CA

Macintosh
RS-422
serial ports
nine-pin D-connector
mini-DIN-8
Zilog SCC

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