237:
1490:
178:
1480:
36:
133:
371:
If one wheel on a beam axle slips off a steep incline or is knocked to one side by a rock at high speed, the other wheel will also follow because of the physical connection of the two wheels on an axle. If this happens on the front axle, the entire vehicle may suddenly jump toward that side. If the
354:
A beam axle is easier and less expensive to modify than other axles. This is because it has fewer parts, less mechanical complexity, and more empty space between suspension components, axles, and the vehicle's frame or body. This makes it easier to work with when making modifications such as adding
164:
design in which a set of wheels is connected laterally by a single beam or shaft. Beam axles were once commonly used at the rear wheels of a vehicle, but historically, they have also been used as front axles in four-wheel-drive vehicles. In most automobiles, beam axles have been replaced with front
437:
An axle truss is typically a six-millimeter thick steel plate bent into a "Ξ "-shaped beam and welded with the open side facing the top of the differential or axle housing. It reinforces a solid axle so that it does not bend or break when the axle's load rating is exceeded. A larger/thicker axle is
427:
Front beam axle suspension is unusually sensitive to any lack of concentricity in the hub and wheel assembly which can cause a side-to-side oscillation ("shimmy") of the steering at certain speeds (typically 60β80 km/h; 40β50 mph), commonly referred to as "death wobble" within the 4Γ4
328:
Traction, braking and tire wear characteristics do not change as the suspension is compressed. These are great benefits in a vehicle that carries heavy loads, and together with the beam axle's characteristic strength, this has resulted in front and rear beam axles being nearly universal in
286:(CV) is needed at each steered and driven wheel and none are needed at non-steered wheels; this reduces maintenance requirements and manufacturing costs compared to independent suspensions, which typically require two such joints at each driven wheel.
413:
The differential housing can only be raised by using larger wheels and tires, typically with a penalty in unsprung weight, braking effectiveness and acquisition costs; furthermore, vehicle modifications may be necessary for adequate
394:
The need for lateral location devices such as a
Panhard rod or Watt's linkage adds more unsprung weight and partially offsets the beam axle's advantages in terms of simplicity, space efficiency, and cost.
438:
stronger, but also comes with increased cost, unsprung weight, and more compatibility issues (drivetrain, suspension, steering geometries, body mount locations, clearances) on smaller vehicles.
457:, gearboxes, transfer cases (including low-range gearing), and transmissions may also be attached to the motors and/or axle. All components move with the axle as unsprung weight.
368:
In turns, the outside wheel is often subjected to adverse camber angles when the inside wheel hits a bump, which can suddenly reduce cornering grip and destabilize the vehicle.
690:
403:, the entire axle may twist in its mounts in reaction to torque loads; during hard acceleration, this may reduce traction and induce wheel hop or sudden adverse toe changes.
365:
A beam axle does not allow each wheel to move independently in response to uneven surfaces, and handling is typically worse than more sophisticated suspension designs.
410:
housing of a
Hotchkiss live axle reduces ground clearance, hindering the vehicle's ability to ford deep mud, clear obstacles and negotiate deeply rutted roads.
428:
community. This is addressed on some vehicles with steering dampers, although removal and careful refitting of the front wheels often resolves the problem.
372:
steering damper is inadequate, the driver may suffer dislocated fingers or a dislocated shoulder due to the sudden feedback from the steering wheel.
810:
258:
connected to move as a single unit) also transmits power to the wheels; a beam axle that does not also transmit power is sometimes called a
1514:
289:
The CVs are located in metal enclosures attached to the axle housings; there are no rubber CV boots that may be cut or punctured when
1093:
651:
196:
A beam axle's location in the fore and aft directions is constrained by one of several suspension components, including
100:
1209:
1010:
355:
lift kits to increase body or running clearance, or installing larger diameter tires to increase ground/axle clearance.
72:
803:
513:
119:
1219:
407:
375:
Camber angle cannot change during body roll. Furthermore, the roll center moves in reaction to road irregularities.
715:
79:
298:
A beam axle is space-efficient, an important advantage for off-road applications, as it provides better vehicle
1166:
676:
57:
1244:
486:
851:
796:
86:
1319:
453:
is a solid axle with electric motors attached to the differential, either end, or elsewhere. Inverters,
144:. This is an example of a "dead axle". A "live axle" not only connects two wheels, but also drives them.
1156:
1005:
987:
579:
53:
68:
1455:
1344:
1284:
1249:
1039:
626:
584:
17:
1234:
1086:
891:
866:
378:
Toe is typically fixed at zero for a live axle, and dynamic toe control is difficult to implement.
1204:
1176:
283:
197:
46:
1194:
1184:
997:
740:
518:
166:
1034:
846:
491:
209:
315:
As the vehicle's body rolls during hard cornering, the unchanging camber yields predictable
1289:
1224:
876:
193:
between the wheels is the same regardless of its location in the travel of the suspension.
182:
161:
8:
1314:
1294:
1079:
1017:
831:
546:
535:
497:
481:
316:
1460:
1365:
574:
541:
93:
778:
1479:
1254:
1189:
1141:
1123:
1054:
454:
299:
213:
1329:
1136:
1022:
901:
415:
309:
290:
275:
A beam axle is typically simple in design, rugged, and inexpensive to manufacture.
266:, this suspension system can also be used with other types of power transmission.
1349:
1279:
916:
906:
508:
400:
384:
322:
279:
263:
245:
217:
1450:
1264:
1259:
1150:
1146:
950:
940:
935:
836:
225:
185:
characteristics: Camber change on bumps, none on rebound, large unsprung weight
604:
1508:
1493:
1432:
1417:
1397:
1324:
1161:
1131:
1027:
896:
861:
503:
476:
419:
236:
140:
bolted to a black rectangular profile beam axle on a front-wheel-drive 2002
1402:
1339:
1309:
1304:
1049:
971:
530:
471:
388:
338:
305:
201:
190:
334:
1483:
1407:
1380:
1375:
1239:
1229:
930:
925:
856:
552:
221:
205:
137:
240:
A live axle in a Jeep. This is the front suspension, using coil springs.
1465:
1427:
1269:
1102:
1044:
754:
788:
1422:
1412:
1334:
1299:
886:
841:
557:
524:
177:
141:
35:
1214:
871:
465:
216:, or some other arrangement, most commonly by the leaf springs.
1385:
1199:
691:"What Are the Differences Between Sprung and Unsprung Weight?"
1370:
1274:
1071:
716:"Everything you need to know about electric axles | Accelera"
330:
132:
1392:
881:
569:
1113:
346:
342:
254:
is a type of beam axle in which the shaft (or, commonly,
308:
is rigidly fixed by axle geometry; for a live axle,
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
741:"The eAxle, a core component of electric vehicles"
525:Unibody modern production vehicles with solid axle
1506:
652:"Autoweek explains: What is the 'death wobble'?"
466:Modern production vehicles with solid front axle
204:. The lateral location can be constrained by a
1087:
804:
349:also use a beam axle, at least in the rear.
1094:
1080:
811:
797:
302:and durability in a high-load environment.
231:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
262:. While typically used in vehicles with
235:
176:
131:
818:
228:are used to control vertical movement.
200:, semi-trailing arms, radius rods, and
14:
1507:
1075:
792:
779:"3-in-1 E-Axle for Electric Vehicles"
627:"10 Off Road tips for inside the cab"
606:THE COST OF CHOOSING BIGGER 4x4 TYRES
649:
383:The mass of the beam is part of the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
24:
1515:Automotive suspension technologies
1210:Continuously variable transmission
25:
1526:
514:Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)
246:Axle Β§ Dead axle (lazy axle)
172:
1489:
1488:
1478:
755:"eAxle: Electric Drive for Cars"
359:
34:
399:In a vehicle with conventional
45:needs additional citations for
1101:
771:
747:
733:
708:
683:
669:
643:
619:
597:
337:. Most light- and medium-duty
13:
1:
1245:Automated manual transmission
487:Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series
432:
319:βat least on smooth surfaces.
269:
852:Electronic Stability Control
615:– via www.youtube.com.
312:is typically fixed as well.
7:
1320:Semi-automatic transmission
563:
460:
10:
1531:
1157:Internal combustion engine
580:Twist-beam rear suspension
243:
1474:
1456:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
1443:
1358:
1345:Transmission control unit
1285:Limited-slip differential
1250:Electrorheological clutch
1175:
1122:
1109:
996:
980:
959:
949:
915:
824:
585:Wheelset (rail transport)
220:and either leaf springs,
1235:Dual-clutch transmission
590:
441:
387:of the vehicle, hurting
1205:Constant-velocity joint
284:constant-velocity joint
167:independent suspensions
1185:Automatic transmission
519:Mahindra Bolero Pik-Up
241:
232:Live axle vs dead axle
189:With a beam axle, the
186:
145:
631:4 Wheeling Australia
492:Mercedes-Benz G-Class
239:
210:Scott Russell linkage
180:
135:
1290:Locking differential
1225:Direct-shift gearbox
720:www.accelerazero.com
162:dependent suspension
54:improve this article
27:Automobile mechanism
1315:Preselector gearbox
1295:Manual transmission
819:Automotive handling
677:"Axle Truss Truths"
536:Jeep Grand Cherokee
498:Land Rover Defender
1461:Electric generator
1366:Wheel hub assembly
575:List of auto parts
542:Jeep Cherokee (XJ)
242:
187:
146:
1502:
1501:
1255:Epicyclic gearing
1124:Automotive engine
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1055:Semi-trailing arm
1031:
1014:
455:power electronics
335:heavy-duty trucks
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1522:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1359:Wheels and tires
1330:Torque converter
1096:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1052:
1025:
1023:MacPherson strut
1008:
981:Semi-independent
957:
956:
902:Vehicle dynamics
813:
806:
799:
790:
789:
783:
782:
775:
769:
768:
766:
765:
751:
745:
744:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
712:
706:
705:
703:
702:
687:
681:
680:
673:
667:
666:
664:
662:
650:Lingeman, Jake.
647:
641:
640:
638:
637:
623:
617:
616:
614:
613:
601:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1470:
1439:
1354:
1350:Universal joint
1280:Hotchkiss drive
1171:
1118:
1105:
1100:
1070:
1061:
1006:Double wishbone
992:
976:
945:
911:
907:Weight transfer
820:
817:
787:
786:
777:
776:
772:
763:
761:
753:
752:
748:
739:
738:
734:
725:
723:
714:
713:
709:
700:
698:
689:
688:
684:
675:
674:
670:
660:
658:
648:
644:
635:
633:
625:
624:
620:
611:
609:
603:
602:
598:
593:
566:
527:
509:Ford Super Duty
468:
463:
444:
435:
401:Hotchkiss drive
385:unsprung weight
362:
323:Wheel alignment
280:universal joint
272:
264:Hotchkiss drive
248:
234:
218:Shock absorbers
175:
165:(IFS) and rear
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1528:
1518:
1517:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:Electric motor
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:Friction drive
1262:
1260:Fluid coupling
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1151:Plug-in hybrid
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1042:
1040:Sliding pillar
1037:
1032:
1020:
1015:
1002:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
984:
982:
978:
977:
975:
974:
969:
963:
961:
954:
947:
946:
944:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
837:Center of mass
834:
828:
826:
822:
821:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
785:
784:
770:
746:
732:
707:
695:Machine Design
682:
668:
642:
618:
595:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
565:
562:
561:
560:
555:
550:
547:Jeep Commander
544:
539:
533:
526:
523:
522:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
495:
489:
484:
482:Jeep Gladiator
479:
474:
467:
464:
462:
459:
443:
440:
434:
431:
430:
429:
425:
424:
423:
404:
397:
396:
395:
381:
380:
379:
376:
373:
369:
361:
358:
357:
356:
352:
351:
350:
326:
325:is simplified.
320:
303:
296:
295:
294:
287:
271:
268:
233:
230:
214:Watt's linkage
174:
173:Implementation
171:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1527:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:Shift-by-wire
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1162:Petrol engine
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:Diesel engine
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:Chapman strut
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
989:
986:
985:
983:
979:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
958:
955:
952:
948:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
918:
914:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:Unsprung mass
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:Inboard brake
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
827:
823:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
791:
780:
774:
760:
756:
750:
742:
736:
721:
717:
711:
696:
692:
686:
678:
672:
657:
653:
646:
632:
628:
622:
608:
607:
600:
596:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
559:
556:
554:
551:
548:
545:
543:
540:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:Beijing BJ212
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
477:Jeep Wrangler
475:
473:
470:
469:
458:
456:
452:
448:
439:
426:
421:
417:
412:
411:
409:
405:
402:
398:
393:
392:
390:
386:
382:
377:
374:
370:
367:
366:
364:
363:
360:Disadvantages
353:
348:
344:
340:
339:pickup trucks
336:
332:
327:
324:
321:
318:
314:
313:
311:
307:
304:
301:
297:
292:
288:
285:
281:
277:
276:
274:
273:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
247:
238:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:trailing arms
194:
192:
184:
179:
170:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
139:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: β
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1403:Racing slick
1340:Transfer box
1310:Park-by-wire
1305:Parking pawl
1220:Differential
1195:Direct-drive
1177:Transmission
1167:Steam engine
1112:Part of the
1111:
1050:Trailing arm
972:De Dion tube
966:
832:Car handling
773:
762:. Retrieved
759:Bosch Global
758:
749:
735:
724:. Retrieved
722:. 2023-09-27
719:
710:
699:. Retrieved
697:. 2016-05-17
694:
685:
671:
659:. Retrieved
655:
645:
634:. Retrieved
630:
621:
610:. Retrieved
605:
599:
531:Jeep Liberty
472:Suzuki Jimny
450:
446:
445:
436:
408:differential
389:ride quality
306:Camber angle
300:articulation
259:
255:
251:
249:
222:coil springs
202:leaf springs
195:
191:camber angle
188:
157:
153:
149:
147:
116:
110:October 2021
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1381:Alloy wheel
1240:Drive wheel
1230:Drive shaft
1190:Chain drive
998:Independent
882:Tire / Tyre
857:Fishtailing
825:Main topics
553:Dodge Nitro
549:(2005β2010)
538:(2004β2010)
500:(1990β2016)
494:(1990β2019)
291:off-roading
206:Panhard rod
181:Solid axle
138:Panhard rod
69:"Beam axle"
1466:Alternator
1114:Automobile
1103:Powertrain
1045:Swing axle
1035:Multi-link
1011:Jaguar IRS
988:Twist beam
951:Suspension
892:Understeer
877:Suspension
764:2024-08-02
726:2024-08-02
701:2024-08-02
636:2024-04-12
612:2024-04-12
433:Axle truss
422:clearance.
406:The bulky
270:Advantages
244:See also:
183:suspension
158:solid axle
154:rigid axle
80:newspapers
1335:Transaxle
1300:Manumatic
1270:Gearshift
1142:Fuel cell
967:Beam axle
960:Dependent
936:Pneumatic
887:Transaxle
867:Oversteer
842:Downforce
661:2 October
558:Lada Niva
278:Only one
260:dead axle
252:live axle
150:beam axle
142:Mazda MPV
136:Diagonal
18:Live axle
1509:Category
1494:Category
1433:Tubeless
1418:Run-flat
1398:Off-road
1215:Coupling
1137:Electric
1018:Dubonnet
872:Steering
847:Drifting
656:Autoweek
564:See also
461:Examples
317:handling
226:air bags
941:Torsion
169:(IRS).
94:scholar
1484:Portal
1444:Hybrid
1408:Radial
1386:Hubcap
1200:Clutch
1147:Hybrid
1116:series
917:Spring
451:E-axle
416:fender
345:, and
256:shafts
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1428:Spare
1371:Wheel
1275:Giubo
953:types
919:types
591:Notes
447:eAxle
442:eAxle
420:frame
331:buses
224:, or
160:is a
156:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
1423:Snow
1413:Rain
1393:Tire
931:Leaf
926:Coil
663:2021
570:Axle
347:vans
343:SUVs
333:and
212:, a
208:, a
73:news
1376:Rim
449:or
418:or
310:toe
282:or
56:by
1511::
757:.
718:.
693:.
654:.
629:.
391:.
341:,
250:A
152:,
148:A
1153:)
1149:(
1095:e
1088:t
1081:v
1057:)
1053:(
1030:)
1026:(
1013:)
1009:(
812:e
805:t
798:v
781:.
767:.
743:.
729:.
704:.
679:.
665:.
639:.
293:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:Β·
91:Β·
84:Β·
77:Β·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
