263:
Electrohydraulic lithotripsy is an industrial technique for fragmenting rocks by using electrodes to create shockwaves. It was applied to bile duct stones in 1975. It can damage tissue and is mostly used in biliary tract specialty centers. Pneumatic mechanical devices have been used with endoscopes,
251:
ESWL was first used on kidney stones in 1980. It is also applied to gallstones and pancreatic stones. External shockwaves are focused and pulverize the stone which is located by imaging. The first shockwave lithotriptor approved for human use was the
Dornier HM3 (human model 3) derived from a device
364:
There have been reports on the methods for treating bezoars, including surgical treatment, endoscopic lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, laser therapy, and even the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
242:
Lithotripsy replaced using lithotrites as the most common treatment beginning in the mid 1980s. In extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), external shockwaves are focused at the stone to pulverize it.
247:
methods use a rigid or flexible scope to reach the stone and direct mechanical or light energy at it. Endoscopy can use lasers as well as other modes of energy delivery: ultrasound or electrohydraulics.
182:
475:
Aboumarzouk OM, Monga M, Kata SG, Traxer O, Somani BK (October 2012). "Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for stones >2 cm: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
953:
235:
and bored holes in the stone. Afterwards, he crushed it with the same instrument and aspirated the resulting fragments or let them flow normally with
1854:
428:"Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones"
1625:
1586:
590:
32:
1651:
537:
Rebuck DA, Macejko A, Bhalani V, Ramos P, Nadler RB (March 2011). "The natural history of renal stone fragments following ureteroscopy".
1229:
989:
1656:
946:
260:
generators. American
Urological Association guidelines consider ESWL a potential primary treatment for stones between 4 mm and 2 cm.
1392:
513:
1549:
1890:
1104:
939:
1153:
1591:
1849:
1844:
583:
167:
911:
1382:
1089:
1040:
147:
1471:
1215:
1063:
931:
279:
1895:
1737:
1456:
1283:
1160:
980:
769:
628:
576:
1646:
1481:
1025:
774:
1554:
1476:
1344:
1203:
861:
1742:
1532:
1446:
1354:
1273:
1045:
1035:
568:
1836:
1691:
1349:
1030:
972:
804:
621:
39:
1785:
1701:
1326:
1084:
889:
846:
1815:
1630:
1094:
963:
856:
660:
119:
107:
95:
1790:
1720:
1576:
1170:
1131:
814:
726:
142:
Commonly cited absolute contraindications to shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) include pregnancy,
1859:
1387:
819:
693:
83:
379:"Indications and contraindications for shock wave lithotripsy and how to improve outcomes"
179:: effective for larger stones (>2 cm) with good stone-free and complication rates.
8:
1762:
1686:
1581:
1486:
1461:
1377:
1372:
1316:
1111:
824:
216:
452:
427:
1256:
1099:
866:
779:
403:
378:
350:
323:
322:
Hayashi K, Ohara H, Naitoh I, Okumura F, Andoh T, Itoh T, et al. (December 2008).
1822:
1706:
1668:
1514:
1424:
1246:
1138:
1079:
904:
759:
688:
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492:
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408:
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27:
1826:
1663:
1069:
546:
484:
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390:
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271:
550:
324:"Persimmon bezoar successfully treated by oral intake of Coca-Cola: a case report"
307:
278:-colored) light that is delivered to the stone by optical fibers through a scope.
59:
1864:
1641:
1637:
1620:
1615:
1402:
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1288:
1263:
1251:
1238:
1190:
894:
841:
796:
713:
426:
Setthawong V, Srisubat A, Potisat S, Lojanapiwat B, Pattanittum P (August 2023).
257:
224:
151:
45:
1869:
1696:
1559:
1504:
1210:
1180:
1074:
1015:
998:
600:
394:
99:
1884:
1780:
1509:
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1010:
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829:
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253:
340:
1757:
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1306:
703:
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683:
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359:
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155:
143:
123:
488:
82:
is a procedure involving the physical destruction of hardened masses like
1747:
1603:
1566:
1434:
1429:
1414:
1278:
1165:
1148:
1126:
1116:
1020:
851:
754:
749:
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616:
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53:
103:
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1810:
1752:
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1143:
1121:
916:
871:
836:
731:
721:
665:
633:
1607:
1410:
1321:
1311:
1268:
1198:
1002:
809:
638:
598:
209:
201:
Surgery was the only method to remove stones too large to pass until
131:
91:
425:
231:. To remove a calculus, Civiale inserted his instrument through the
1678:
1419:
282:
lasers were developed more recently and produce smaller fragments.
377:
Reynolds, Luke F.; Kroczak, Tad; Pace, Kenneth T. (October 2018).
1055:
741:
252:
used for testing aerospace parts. Second generation devices used
232:
228:
220:
205:
514:"Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for Kidney Stones"
1772:
1336:
675:
608:
202:
190:
Ultrasonic lithotripsy: safer for small stones (<10 mm)
127:
87:
1541:
236:
275:
474:
536:
321:
376:
102:words meaning "breaking (or pulverizing) stones" (
16:Medical procedure for breaking up hardened masses
1882:
530:
297:
295:
1587:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
988:
947:
584:
432:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
292:
1237:
954:
940:
591:
577:
317:
315:
158:, and untreated urinary tract infections.
1728:
451:
402:
349:
339:
173:Intracorporeal (endoscopic lithotripsy):
1393:Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
1550:Artificial extracorporeal liver support
508:
506:
312:
1883:
122:used to break up hardened masses like
935:
572:
1105:Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
503:
264:commonly for large and hard stones.
137:
1154:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
962:Tests and procedures involving the
599:Tests and procedures involving the
13:
1592:Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
14:
1907:
168:Extracorporeal shock wave therapy
912:Extracorporeal shockwave therapy
1383:Lateral internal sphincterotomy
148:platelet aggregation inhibitors
98:. The term is derived from the
1090:Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
1041:Functional Lumen Imaging Probe
468:
444:10.1002/14651858.CD007044.pub4
419:
370:
1:
1472:Lower gastrointestinal series
1216:Upper gastrointestinal series
551:10.1016/j.urology.2010.06.056
285:
270:was introduced in the 1980s.
223:) to crush stones inside the
183:Electro hydraulic lithotripsy
161:
1738:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
1457:Double-contrast barium enema
1284:Partial ileal bypass surgery
1161:Esophagogastric dissociation
770:Artificial urinary sphincter
629:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
7:
1891:Digestive system procedures
1555:Bioartificial liver devices
1482:Transrectal ultrasonography
775:Urethral bulking injections
227:without having to open the
10:
1912:
1477:Small-bowel follow-through
1345:Abdominoperineal resection
1204:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
862:Voiding cystourethrography
395:10.1016/j.ajur.2018.08.006
196:
1837:Clinical prediction rules
1835:
1803:
1771:
1743:Intraperitoneal injection
1719:
1677:
1602:
1540:
1531:
1495:
1447:Abdominal ultrasonography
1401:
1363:
1355:Total mesorectal excision
1335:
1297:
1274:Intestine transplantation
1228:
1189:
1064:Sengstaken–Blakemore tube
1054:
1046:High resolution manometry
1036:Esophageal motility study
997:
979:
970:
882:
795:
788:
740:
712:
674:
607:
66:
52:
38:
26:
21:
1692:Pancreas transplantation
1350:Lower anterior resection
1031:Esophageal pH monitoring
973:Digestive system surgery
805:Urinary tract ultrasound
383:Asian Journal of Urology
303:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
1786:Inguinal hernia surgery
1702:Pancreaticoduodenectomy
1085:Adjustable gastric band
1026:Impedance–pH monitoring
890:Urinary catheterization
847:Radioisotope renography
341:10.1186/1757-1626-1-385
113:
1816:Exploratory laparotomy
1631:Hepatoportoenterostomy
1095:Gastric bypass surgery
964:human digestive system
857:Retrograde urethrogram
661:Kidney transplantation
477:Journal of Endourology
187:Mechanical lithotripsy
120:non-invasive procedure
1791:Femoral hernia repair
1577:Liver transplantation
1171:Nissen fundoplication
727:Suprapubic cystostomy
489:10.1089/end.2012.0217
1388:Rubber band ligation
1327:Hartmann's operation
694:Ureterosigmoidostomy
94:, which may be done
1896:Urologic procedures
1763:Peritoneal dialysis
1582:Portal hypertension
1487:Virtual colonoscopy
1462:Endoanal ultrasound
1378:Anorectal manometry
1373:Anal sphincterotomy
1317:Colonic polypectomy
1112:Collis gastroplasty
217:surgical instrument
215:in 1832 invented a
154:, severe untreated
1257:Jejunoileal bypass
1100:Sleeve gastrectomy
867:Urodynamic testing
780:Cystourethrography
1878:
1877:
1823:Rapid urease test
1799:
1798:
1715:
1714:
1707:Puestow procedure
1669:Cholescintigraphy
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1515:Stool guaiac test
1425:Capsule endoscopy
1247:Bariatric surgery
1224:
1223:
1139:Gastroenterostomy
1080:Bariatric surgery
929:
928:
925:
924:
905:Laser lithotripsy
760:Urethral sounding
689:Urinary diversion
483:(10): 1257–1263.
272:Pulsed dye lasers
268:Laser lithotripsy
177:Laser lithotripsy
138:Contraindications
118:Lithotripsy is a
77:
76:
1903:
1860:Child–Pugh score
1827:Urea breath test
1726:
1725:
1687:Frey's procedure
1664:Cholecystography
1538:
1537:
1235:
1234:
1070:Nasogastric tube
995:
994:
986:
985:
956:
949:
942:
933:
932:
793:
792:
593:
586:
579:
570:
569:
563:
562:
534:
528:
527:
525:
524:
510:
501:
500:
472:
466:
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455:
423:
417:
416:
406:
374:
368:
367:
353:
343:
319:
310:
299:
258:electromagnetism
254:piezoelectricity
152:aortic aneurysms
70:edit on Wikidata
62:
48:
19:
18:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1865:Ranson criteria
1831:
1795:
1767:
1711:
1673:
1642:Cholangiography
1638:Medical imaging
1621:Cholecystostomy
1616:Cholecystectomy
1598:
1519:
1491:
1403:Medical imaging
1397:
1359:
1331:
1293:
1289:Strictureplasty
1264:Bowel resection
1252:Duodenal switch
1220:
1191:Medical imaging
1185:
1050:
981:Digestive tract
975:
966:
960:
930:
921:
895:Kidney dialysis
878:
842:Abdominal x-ray
784:
736:
708:
670:
603:
597:
567:
566:
535:
531:
522:
520:
512:
511:
504:
473:
469:
438:(8): CD007044.
424:
420:
375:
371:
320:
313:
300:
293:
288:
225:urinary bladder
199:
164:
140:
116:
73:
58:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1870:Milan criteria
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1723:
1721:Abdominopelvic
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Pancreatectomy
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1560:Liver dialysis
1557:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Fecal fat test
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1230:Lower GI tract
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1211:Barium swallow
1208:
1207:
1206:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1181:Schilling test
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1075:Gastric lavage
1072:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:Heller myotomy
1013:
1007:
1005:
992:
990:Upper GI tract
983:
977:
976:
971:
968:
967:
959:
958:
951:
944:
936:
927:
926:
923:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
908:
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897:
892:
886:
884:
880:
879:
877:
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875:
874:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
807:
801:
799:
790:
786:
785:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
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738:
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735:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
710:
709:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
680:
678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
647:
646:
636:
631:
626:
625:
624:
613:
611:
605:
604:
601:urinary system
596:
595:
588:
581:
573:
565:
564:
545:(3): 564–568.
529:
502:
467:
418:
389:(4): 256–263.
369:
311:
290:
289:
287:
284:
198:
195:
194:
193:
192:
191:
188:
185:
180:
171:
163:
160:
139:
136:
115:
112:
96:non-invasively
75:
74:
67:
64:
63:
56:
50:
49:
42:
36:
35:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1908:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:Hernia repair
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Fecal pH test
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:Sigmoidoscopy
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:Pyloromyotomy
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Esophagectomy
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
991:
987:
984:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
937:
934:
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765:Urethroplasty
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245:Ureteroscopic
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170:(lithotripsy)
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1758:Paracentesis
1572:Liver biopsy
1467:Enteroclysis
1452:Defecography
1307:Appendectomy
899:
704:Ureteroscopy
699:Ureterolysis
684:Ureterostomy
651:Renal biopsy
622:percutaneous
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521:. Retrieved
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213:Jean Civiale
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156:hypertension
144:coagulopathy
141:
117:
79:
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1748:Laparoscopy
1604:Gallbladder
1567:Hepatectomy
1497:Stool tests
1435:Proctoscopy
1430:Enteroscopy
1415:Colonoscopy
1299:Large bowel
1279:Jejunostomy
1239:Small bowel
1166:Hill repair
1149:Gastrostomy
1127:Billroth II
1117:Gastrectomy
1021:Sialography
900:Lithotripsy
852:Cystography
815:Intravenous
755:Urethrotomy
750:Urethropexy
656:Nephrectomy
644:Nephroscopy
617:Nephrostomy
308:Lithotripsy
280:Holmium:YAG
80:Lithotripsy
54:MedlinePlus
22:Lithotripsy
1885:Categories
1811:Laparotomy
1753:Omentopexy
1730:Peritoneum
1365:Anal canal
1144:Gastropexy
1122:Billroth I
917:Urinalysis
872:Cystometry
837:CT urogram
820:Retrograde
732:Cystoscopy
722:Cystectomy
666:Nephropexy
634:Nephrotomy
523:2017-01-14
334:(1): 385.
286:References
221:lithotrite
162:Techniques
146:or use of
132:gallstones
92:gallstones
1608:bile duct
1533:Accessory
1411:Endoscopy
1322:Colostomy
1312:Colectomy
1269:Ileostomy
1199:Endoscopy
1132:Roux-en-Y
1003:Esophagus
825:Antegrade
810:Pyelogram
639:Endoscopy
210:urologist
1679:Pancreas
1420:Anoscopy
559:21109293
497:22642568
462:37526261
453:10392035
413:30364729
360:19077219
28:ICD-9-CM
1056:Stomach
797:Imaging
789:General
742:Urethra
714:Bladder
539:Urology
404:6197584
365:(ESWL).
351:2627813
233:urethra
229:abdomen
206:surgeon
197:History
128:bezoars
88:bezoars
46:D008096
1773:Hernia
1337:Rectum
676:Ureter
609:Kidney
557:
495:
460:
450:
411:
401:
358:
348:
203:French
104:litho-
60:007113
1855:UKELD
1804:Other
1542:Liver
883:Other
518:WebMD
237:urine
219:(the
108:τρίψω
100:Greek
68:[
1850:PELD
1845:MELD
1652:MRCP
1626:ERCP
555:PMID
493:PMID
458:PMID
436:2023
409:PMID
356:PMID
276:cyan
208:and
114:Uses
40:MeSH
1657:PTC
999:SGs
830:Gas
547:doi
485:doi
448:PMC
440:doi
399:PMC
391:doi
346:PMC
336:doi
256:or
130:or
110:).
90:or
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1647:IV
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