1803:(this is average height of 1/3 of the highest waves over an hour), and buoy no. 45002, operated by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), recorded a significant wave height of 21.7 feet in northern Lake Michigan. This would appear consistent with the NOAA forecast for northern Lake Michigan calling for 21–26-foot waves that day. The persistence and strength of the storm's westerly winds also piled the waters of Lake Michigan along the Michigan shoreline leading to declines in lake levels on the Illinois and Wisconsin side of the lake. Based on NOAA lake level sensors, an updated analysis of Wednesday, October 27, 2010, water levels on Lake Michigan revealed a two-day decrease of 42 inches at Green Bay, WI and 19 inches at Calumet Harbor, IL---while NOAA sensors at Ludington, MI and Mackinaw City, MI measured lake level rises of 7 and 19 inches respectively.
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208:), where they rode out the storm for the next 24 hours. The winds persisted so fiercely that everything on deck was swept clear. The crew and passengers remained below deck in the dark, their supply of food gone. On the fourth day of his journey, the gale ended and they were able to resupply from shore. Setting sail for Sandusky, the hope was to make harbor by dark. Once again a gale of lesser force sprang up and pushed the vessel back to Presque Isle. Here, many of the passengers left the ship and hired a wagon for the two-week overland trip. On their next attempt to reach Sandusky, the
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continuing. The increasing violence caused
Schoolcraft to have his tent moved back into the trees for more protection. Around three, the sky seemed to be brightening and expectations were that the weather was clearing. But the rains and the wind came with renewed fury from the west and continued late into the night. As the morning of the 8th arrived, Schoolcraft determined to get on with his journey. As the wind was directly out of the west, he was headed east, he ordered the canoes readied and the sails. With sails
1823:, which brought strong winds and high waves across the Great Lakes. Lake Michigan recorded wave heights of 20 to 22 feet and wind gusts of 60 to 70 mph. The southern end of Lake Michigan experienced a lake level rise of 15 inches as the winds pushed water down the lake. Lake Huron experienced 23-foot waves and a wind gust of 74 mph was recorded at Fort Gratiot at the southern end of the lake. Most freighters stayed in harbor instead of trying to run through the storm.
248:. On the morning of 5 September, he arose, had breakfast and prepared to strike out in their canoes. The day was cloudy and threatening, so he decided to wait until the next day. Arising at three in the morning, he found the island lost in a fog. They waited until it began to clear at 6:30 a.m. and made their way to Goose Island, ten miles (16 km) distance after three hours. From there, they made their way to Outard Point. Here, the headwind had increased so they
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58 mph at
Hinsdale. The storm further whitened sections of the Upper Midwest with the region's first significant snow Tuesday night and Wednesday. Snowfall reports from Minnesota and North Dakota indicate 9 inches fell at Twig, Minn.; 8.5 inches at Dunn Center, N.D.; 8 inches at Adolph, Minn. and Carrington, N.D.; 7.7 inches at Duluth; 4.1 inches Williston; 4 inches at Minot and 3.4 inches at Bismarck---all in North Dakota.
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As night fell on their second day of travel, they expected to see
Sandusky in the morning. Everyone had just settled down for the night, when a commotion arose and a gale blew out of the southwest, nearly tipping the vessel over. If the schooner had not been ‘hove to’ and resting quietly, it would have been capsized. (Without shore lights, lighthouse, or modern navigation equipment, Captains would ‘
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October 26, an F2 tornado rushed through Will County, south of
Chicago, at 7:00 AM. Another tornado is said to have struck Racine, Wisconsin, to the north, but has not yet been confirmed. In Roscoe, IL, about 100 miles to the west of Chicago and 15 minutes north of Rockford, a woman was killed after being crushed under a large tree that fell in her neighborhood of Chickory Ridge.
1655:. Meteorologists and Minnesota residents often refer to this day as "Black Sunday". There were reports of heavy rain as far north as Duluth that day. The waves on Lake Superior in Duluth that night were reportedly over 20 feet (6.1 m) high at times; the lake had 36 °F (2 °C) water with gale-force winds gusting up to 45 miles per hour (72 km/h).
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the 21st dawned, the raft again spilled its occupants and the engineer returned but was too weak to hold on and he was lost. Night came on and
Captain Walter J. Grashaw still hung on to the raft. A passenger steamer passed nearby, but he was unnoticed in the dark. As daylight dawned on the 22nd, Sunday, the Marquette & Bessemer No. 2 (II) came to his rescue.
1438:. These were the years before there was ship to shore radio. Once out on the lakes, each ship had only itself to depend upon and the chance of meeting another ship. While only four ships were lost, nearly all the men of these crews were lost to the tempest of the storm-tossed lake. In all, Black Friday took the lives of 49 men.
1697:. As they were crossing Lake Superior the winter storm blew in. Winds were reported in excess of 50 kn (58 mph; 93 km/h) with waves running up to 35 feet (11 m). The next day, Monday, November 10, eastern Lake Superior was still experiencing winds of 50 knots (57.5 mph). That afternoon
1794:
On
October 26, 2010, the USA recorded its lowest pressure ever in a continental, non-hurricane system, though its pressure was consistent with a category three hurricane. The powerful system was dubbed the "Chiclone" by the media as it hit the Chicago area particularly strongly, as well as Minnesota,
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In 1913, from the ninth of
November through the twelfth, all five lakes were turned into cauldrons of rolling water by a unique combination of weather patterns. Before the four days ended, 13 ships went under and many more were driven ashore. Two hundred forty-four men died. The largest loss of ships
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The ship was packed and every possible space in which a person could find repose was occupied. All night they traveled westward, the ship pushed by the wind and the schooner rocking from side to side. With so many people, so closely packed, many became nauseated. The next day, they traveled westward.
30:
in 1679. Since that time, memorable storms have swept the lakes, often in the month of
November, taking men and ships to their death. With the advent of modern technology and sturdier vessels, fewer such losses have occurred. The large expanse of the lakes allows waves to build to substantial heights
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slid beneath the waves. The men all had life jackets, but nothing was floating which would help them get out of the cold water. One life raft was found and a coal passer, the engineer and the captain took refuge. In the middle of the night, the raft was flipped and the coal passer did not return. As
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off Long Point. All day they moved steadily westward, keeping the bow into the wind, waves crashing over the decks and beating on the hatch coverings. Slowing, water began to enter the cargo holds. The pumps could not keep up with the influx of water and she began to list at about eight o'clock that
1806:
A 78 mph gust was recorded the afternoon of
October 27, 2010 at the Harrison-Dever Crib, three miles offshore of Chicago in Lake Michigan, with gusts reaching 63 mph at Chicago's Latin School and in Racine, Wisconsin, 61 mph at Buffalo Grove, Waukegan, Gary and Monroe, Wisconsin and
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In
Superior, Wisconsin, the storm managed a 28.38 inch reading—a new all-time low for Wisconsin at the time. Near International Falls on the U.S./Canada border, the system's 28.23 inches of mercury (956 mb) reading established a new all-time Minnesota low pressure. Early Tuesday morning
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at the western end of Lake Erie. Just off Bar Point, within sight of the mouth of the Detroit River, the pumps could no longer move the volume of water rushing into the holds, and the seams began to open. In eighteen feet of water, she settled to the bottom. Six men climbed the foremast, while the
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on November 27–28, 1905. The system moved across the Great Basin with moderate depth on November 26 and November 27, then east-northeastward across the Great Lakes on November 28. Fresh east winds were forecast for the Great Lakes for the afternoon and evening of November 27, with storm warnings
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The storm also produced some of the highest officially recorded waves by weather buoys stationed in Lakes Superior and Michigan. Specifically, on Wednesday, October 27, 2010, buoy no. 45136, operated by Environment Canada, in northern Lake Superior recorded a significant wave height of 26.6 feet
257:
against the storm, the brigade set out into the lake at 10:00 a.m. Just under three and a half hours brought them 20 miles to the Isle St. Vital, behind which they took refuge from the wind. After a break, they once again set into the gale-force winds, driving for De Tour and the St. Mary's
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about noon and were able to pull into an inlet out of the wind and make camp. Eight hours later, the canoe party was still waiting for the wind to let up. The night brought a heavy rain, piercing the fabric of the tents, soaking everyone and everything. The morning of the 7th found the storm
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captain climbed the after mast. It looked like all seven of the crew could cling to the mast and weather the night. But the weight of six men snapped the fore mast and five disappeared. Only one man made it to the after mast and climbed to safety. As dawn broke the horizon, the
180:
was a new schooner that had set sail the day before, but was now anchored nine miles up the Canadian shore at Point Ebenew. As it had set sail, it encountered a west wind forcing it to seek shelter. Seeing an opportunity to avoid the long trip around the lake, he crossed the
47:
cause short-term irregular lake level changes, killing people swept off beaches and piers and even sometimes sinking boats The great tolls caused by Great Lakes storms in 1868 and 1869 were one of the main reasons behind establishing a national
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sank in Canadian waters 530 feet (160 m) deep, approximately 17 miles (15 nautical miles; 27 kilometers) from the entrance to Whitefish Bay near the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Although
270:
On November 11, 1835, a southwest wind swept across the lakes, taking numerous vessels. This was still early in the life of commercial shipping on the Lakes, so most of the losses were on the lower lakes where settlements were greatest.
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may have fallen victim to a huge wave, suffered structural failure, been swamped with water entering through her cargo hatches or deck, experienced topside damage, or shoaled in a shallow part of Lake Superior. The sinking of
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came into sight and turned towards the two men clinging to the mast protruding from the shallows. As the steamer approached, one man slipped from the mast and was never seen again. Only the Captain John Mattison was rescued.
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1893:
39:). Storm winds can alter the lakes as well with large systems causing storm surges that lower lake levels several feet on one side while raising it even higher on the other. The shallowest lake,
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and felt the force of the storm as water from the lake forced ships onto the piers and shoreline of the city. The creek rose 20 feet as the wind and the harbor front were swept away.
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was at the mercy of the storm. Ten men set sail in the lifeboat, leaving only the captain and two men on board the sinking vessel. The Pioneer Steamship Company's
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683:, ended up destroying or damaging about 29 vessels, killing 36 seamen and causing shipping losses of $ 3.567 million (1905 dollars) on Lake Superior.
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2118:
Report For November 1905: Michigan Section of the Climate and Crop Service of the Weather Bureau in Cooperation With the Michigan State Weather Service
185:
and with the help of a guide came upon the ship at anchor after two hours. Soon they were underway with a steady breeze pushing them towards Sandusky.
1831:
On October 31, 2014, there was a powerful storm which impacted the Great Lakes area during times when people are traditionally celebrating Halloween.
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had reported being in difficulty earlier, no distress signals were sent before she sank. Her crew of 29 all perished, and no bodies were recovered.
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1958:
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were in effect by the morning of November 28. Storm-force winds and heavy snows accompanied the cyclone's passage. The storm, named after the
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The Armistice Day Blizzard was a winter storm that occurred on November 11–12, 1940 which brought heavy snow and winds up to 80 mph. The
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disappeared that night. All 23 of her crew were found the next day floating in mid-lake, only identified by their life vests bearing the name
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Wisconsin and Michigan. It was also meteorologically referred to as a bombogenesis due to the rapid drop of barometric pressure experienced.
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evening. No other ships had been seen and none could be found. The bow was riding low in the water. As the ten o'clock hour came around, the
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2116:
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The 2006 Northeastern Ontario Derecho formed on the Great Lakes. The Storm caused damage throughout Northern Ontario, and into Quebec.
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is one of the best-known disasters in the history of Great Lakes shipping. Gordon Lightfoot made it the subject of his 1976 hit song "
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1789:
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The 1996 Lake Huron cyclone was a unique storm for the Great Lakes, acquiring some tropical characteristics at its peak intensity.
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1503:. The wooden ship could not take the pounding of the waves. Settling into the lake, soon the boilers were extinguished and the
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ready for the storm and let her drift before the winds. As daylight came, the captain was able to get his ship behind
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262:, down bound, waiting for the winds to subside. It was but another day and they were once again at Sault Ste. Marie.
193:’ at night if they anticipated approaching land/harbor soon. This prevented them from running aground in the dark.)
176:, he found it to be a small town of 40-50 houses and little activity. There were but a few ships in the harbor. The
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1651:. Culbertson and two others were part of a rescue team searching for the missing boys on the Duluth Entry pier on
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on the water, they were able to calm the seas enough to rescue Captain McClure and his two men. Meanwhile, the
1617:, wrecked on a reef in the same area. Two crew were lost and the rest were rescued two days later by the tug
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Once again it was a November storm that took the lives of men and their ship. It was November 9, 1975 that
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2012:
Personal Memoirs of a Residence of Thirty Years with the Indians Tribes on the American Frontiers
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was leading, but slowed to close the distance between ships so that it could be guided by
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foundered, broke in two and sank nearby with the loss of all 24 crew. A third ship, the
20:, storms have taken lives and vessels. The first sailing vessel on the upper lakes, the
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1965:, Erik D. Craft, EHnet - Economic History Services, University of Richmond, 2010-02-01
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Many theories, books, studies and expeditions have examined the cause of the sinking.
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said that they were still managing. By 7:20 p.m. there was no more contact and
1713:, who still had radar. Just after seven that night, the last radio contact from the
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1962:
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1621:. Two smaller boats also sank, bringing the total death toll on the Lakes to 66.
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turned into Lake Erie heading towards the Southeast Shoals Light, off the tip of
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Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement
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2447:
Varnum, Jacob Butler (1966). "Recollections". In Havighurst, Walter (ed.).
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reported a minor list and top-side damage, including the loss of radar.
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249:
240:. From Mackinac, Schoolcraft was headed towards Detour Pass and up the
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22:
674:
The Mataafa Storm of 1905 is the name of a storm that occurred on the
56:
using telegraphs to announce approaching storms in a few port cities.
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2790:
2754:
2526:
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at the end of October 2012 fueled Sandy's transition into a powerful
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reported being hit by a 75-knot gust (86.3 mph). By 3:30 pm the
1520:
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40:
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The Witch of November Came Early: The Saga of the Edmund Fitzgerald
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The surface map from Saturday, October 21, 1916, with the track of
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1116:
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About 80,000 without power in Metro Detroit after Superstorm Sandy
2327:
Sandy spins on; Winds push Great Lakes waves to near record levels
1682:
254:
2125:
1894:"Ask the Weather Guys: Does Wisconsin have a hurricane season?"
1464:
44:
1633:
Surface map showing the situation at 1 AM EST, April 30, 1967.
1874:
Upper Great Lakes severe weather outbreak of August 23, 1998
1826:
3175:
Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program
2121:. Grand Rapids, Michigan Weather Bureau Office. p. 4.
2296:"Boatswain Mate First Class (BM1) Edgar Culbertson, USCG"
1647:
took the lives of three teenage boys and Coast Guardsman
32:
1658:
2285:, Mark Steil, Minnesota Public Radio, November 10, 2000
1769:
168:
It was September 1811 and Jacob Butler was headed to
2430:
Shipwrecks of Lake Huron... The Great Sweetwater Sea
215:
43:, sometimes sees storm surge rises of 8 or 10 feet.
3165:
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers
2369:"Recap of Michigan's Halloween wind and snow storm"
2397:
1783:
1693:joined her on Lake Superior and was downbound for
1495:. The wind rose and the waves grew in height. The
1467:and headed out into the open lake. Dawn found the
265:
232:. It had been an uneventful six-day trip from the
2366:
1599:sank with all 33 hands in Lake Michigan south of
1447:had just finished loading coal and set sail from
228:. He was returning from an Indian ‘Congress’ at
3373:
2510:
1755:
1570:
2114:
2339:Sandy Brings High Waves, Floods to Great Lakes
1020:Point Isabelle (east side Keweenaw Peninsula)
31:and the open water can alter weather systems (
3195:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
2496:
2183:
2181:
2179:
1846:List of victims of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
1487:with a cargo of shingles and lumber, entered
2034:
2032:
686:
172:as the new Indian Agent. When he arrived in
2503:
2489:
2418:
2187:
2176:
2170:
2054:
2023:
1956:An Economic History of Weather Forecasting
1922:
1885:
1810:
815:Encampment Island (7 m NE of Two Harbors)
2360:
2329:, MPRNews, Paul Huttner, October 30, 2012
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
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1827:The Lake Michigan Storm of Halloween 2014
1790:October 2010 North American storm complex
659:sank with loss of 80 passengers and crew.
2050:
2048:
1891:
1662:
1639:1967 Southern Minnesota tornado outbreak
1628:
1580:
1538:of 45 years, was headed from Buffalo to
1483:, a wooden lumber carrier down bound to
1421:
163:
3397:Lists of disasters in the United States
2067:Duluth Seaway Port Authority, Minnesota
1892:Ackerman, Steven A. (August 27, 2010).
1542:with a load of coal. For two days, the
1077:
663:
3374:
2446:
2427:
2367:Torregrossa, Mark (November 1, 2014).
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1998:
1986:
1974:
1918:
1916:
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2484:
2432:. Au Train, MI: Avery Color Studios.
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2258:
2246:
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2222:
2210:
2198:
2045:
1659:Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald (1975)
1459:). It was 1:10 in the morning as the
1414:uncertain) 17 to 24 victims reported
1071:'broke in two and pounded to pieces'
524:all hands but two (clinging to mast)
258:Strait. Here they found the schooner
2475:Great Lakes Shipwrecks and Survivals
16:Ever since people have traveled the
3243:Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac
2404:. Cleveland, OH: Freshwater Press.
1913:
1770:Northeastern Ontario Derecho (2006)
1667:Surface map from November 10, 1975.
1585:Armistice Day Blizzard surface map.
1068:South or North? side of Fox Island
650:
13:
2477:. Grand Rapids: WB Eerdmans, 1977.
2457:
2341:, The Weather Channel, Nov 1, 2012
1750:The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
1546:beat into the wind headed for the
14:
3413:
2990:Isle Royale National Park Islands
1527:rescued the men in the lifeboat.
216:Storm in the age of canoes (1825)
3356:
2419:Havighurst, Walter, ed. (1966).
1815:The cold front that merged with
1776:Heat wave of 2006 derecho series
1559:Meanwhile, the Canadian steamer
1519:approached to give aid. Pouring
1410:(actual number of lives lost on
836:hard ashore & broken in two
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2332:
2320:
2309:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2164:
2108:
2104:. United States Weather Bureau.
2093:
2089:. United States Weather Bureau.
2078:
2060:
266:Early steam on the Lakes (1835)
3210:International Joint Commission
3200:Great Lakes Fishery Commission
2115:C. F. Schneider (1905-12-06).
2017:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1949:
1928:
1643:On April 30, 1967, a storm in
1038:NE of Outer Island (Apostles)
224:recorded a late fall storm on
212:made harbor without incident.
52:service, initially run by the
26:, was lost on its return from
1:
2388:
1756:The Lake Huron Cyclone (1996)
1571:Armistice Day blizzard (1940)
1434:Friday, October 20, 1916, on
1065:Gilchrist Transportation Co.
790:Encampment Island (7 m NE of
3387:Lists of disasters in Canada
3170:Great Lakes Areas of Concern
3160:Alliance for the Great Lakes
2468:, (November-December, 1999).
1936:"Seiches on the Great Lakes"
771:Lakewood (7 m NE of Duluth)
109:1940 Armistice Day: 66 dead
7:
3036:Province of Ontario Islands
2396:Bowen, Dana Thomas (1940).
1834:
1577:1940 Armistice Day Blizzard
1133:Point Aux Barques, Michigan
230:Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin
220:It was September 1825 when
114:1916 Black Friday: 49 dead
10:
3418:
2470:Michigan History Magazine.
2451:. New York, NY: Macmillan.
2423:. New York, NY: Macmillan.
2271:Great Lakes Shipwreck file
2040:History of the Great Lakes
1787:
1773:
1759:
1670:
1636:
1574:
1428:1916 Atlantic hurricane 14
1081:
995:Point Isabelle (east side
667:
196:Quickly the crew made the
3382:Great Lakes-related lists
3353:
3308:Museum and historic ships
3230:
3152:
3066:
3041:State of Michigan Islands
2970:
2856:
2836:
2773:
2737:
2689:
2631:
2605:
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2555:
2519:
1841:Great Lakes Storm of 1913
1084:Great Lakes Storm of 1913
1054:Badly damaged deck house
856:Gold Rock (3 mi NE)
687:The Wrecks of November 28
82:1835 "Cyclone": 254 dead
3124:Midcontinent Rift System
2102:Daily Weather Map Series
2087:Daily Weather Map Series
1879:
1091:Shipwrecks of Lake Huron
2945:Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal
1899:Wisconsin State Journal
1811:Superstorm Sandy (2012)
1762:1996 Lake Huron cyclone
1089:was on Lake Huron (see
1046:Percy G. Walker (stmr)
975:Fourteen-Mile Point nr
859:sunk and broken in two
774:aground against cliffs
157:1894 May Gale: 27 dead
3293:Marine protected areas
3283:Lake Michigan Triangle
3185:Great Lakes Commission
2928:Sault Ste. Marie Canal
2449:The Great Lakes Reader
2421:The Great Lakes Reader
2131:Wolff, Julius F. Jr.,
1668:
1634:
1586:
1431:
1300:Harbor Beach, Michigan
792:Two Harbors, Minnesota
222:Henry Rowe Schoolcraft
104:Storm: about 100 dead
54:U.S. Army Signal Corps
3402:Weather-related lists
3134:Nipissing Great Lakes
3079:Glacial Lake Iroquois
2985:Detroit River Islands
2950:Trent–Severn Waterway
2428:Parker, Jack (1986).
2072:June 8, 2010, at the
1868:SS Henry Steinbrenner
1821:extratropical cyclone
1784:The "Chiclone" (2010)
1666:
1632:
1584:
1453:Fort William, Ontario
1425:
1017:Pittsburgh Steamship
992:Pittsburgh Steamship
952:Pittsburgh Steamship
853:Pittsburgh Steamship
830:Pittsburgh Steamship
812:Pittsburgh Steamship
787:Pittsburgh Steamship
768:Pittsburgh Steamship
735:Pittsburgh Steamship
714:Pittsburgh Steamship
544:near Henderson Point
309:Fort Burwell, Canada
164:Lake Erie Gale (1811)
63:Some of the deadliest
3144:Wisconsin glaciation
3119:Last Glacial Maximum
2879:Great Lakes Waterway
2316:SS Edmund Fitzgerald
1673:SS Edmund Fitzgerald
1276:Port Huron, Michigan
1078:The Big Storm (1913)
935:Port Arthur, Ontario
874:Schroeder, Minnesota
833:nr Split Rock River
664:The 1905 Blow (1905)
605:St. Joseph, Michigan
498:beached at Fairport
277:was a major port on
3278:Lake Michigan–Huron
3190:Great Lakes Compact
3180:Great Lakes Charter
3139:Scotch Bonnet Ridge
2940:Straits of Mackinac
2916:St. Lawrence Seaway
1625:Duluth Storm (1967)
1601:Pentwater, Michigan
1540:Saugatuck, Michigan
1481:Marshall F. Butters
1418:Black Friday (1916)
1397:Point Albino (near
1372:Grand Bend, Ontario
1348:Marquette, Michigan
1228:Port Hope, Michigan
1178:Lexington, Michigan
977:Ontonagon, Michigan
479:beached at Buffalo
459:beached at Buffalo
439:beached at Buffalo
419:beached at Buffalo
400:beached at Buffalo
381:beached at Buffalo
130:1905 Blow: 32 dead
50:weather forecasting
3129:Niagara Escarpment
3058:Potawatomi Islands
3046:Lake Huron Islands
2911:St. Lawrence River
2697:Grand Traverse Bay
2676:St. Joseph Channel
2666:Potagannissing Bay
2357:, October 30, 2012
2355:Detroit Free Press
2249:, pp. 215–216
2225:, pp. 209–213
2057:, pp. 306–308
2026:, pp. 302–305
2010:H.R. Schoolcraft,
1961:2007-05-03 at the
1691:Arthur M. Anderson
1669:
1635:
1587:
1432:
997:Keweenaw Peninsula
878:smashed to pieces
700:Refuge/Wreck Site
359:Erie, Pennsylvania
323:all hands but one
206:Erie, Pennsylvania
65:Great Lakes storms
3369:
3368:
3298:Marysburgh vortex
3007:Manitoulin Island
3002:Lake Erie Islands
2852:
2851:
2712:Little Bay de Noc
2464:Bradley, Mary A.
2400:Lore of the Lakes
2283:The Winds of Hell
2273:, David D. Swayze
2188:Havighurst (1966)
2171:Havighurst (1966)
2055:Havighurst (1966)
2024:Havighurst (1966)
1923:Havighurst (1966)
1861:Daniel J. Morrell
1746:Edmund Fitzgerald
1681:was downbound to
1679:Edmund Fitzgerald
1645:Duluth, Minnesota
1596:William B. Davock
1530:A third ship the
1515:were nearby. The
1509:Frank R. Billings
1449:Buffalo, New York
1408:
1407:
1322:near Northpoint,
1075:
1074:
648:
647:
535:Kingston, Ontario
374:Buffalo, New York
319:Dunkirk, New York
234:Mississippi River
161:
160:
3409:
3363:Lakes portal
3361:
3360:
3359:
3268:Lake-effect snow
3067:Historic geology
2745:Hamilton Harbour
2618:Presque Isle Bay
2603:
2602:
2514:of North America
2505:
2498:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2452:
2443:
2424:
2415:
2403:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2364:
2358:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2157:
2136:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2038:J.B. Mansfield,
2036:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1889:
1649:Edgar Culbertson
1444:James B. Colgate
1263:Charles S. Price
1155:near Kincardine
1144:James Carruthers
1096:
1095:
946:William E. Corey
893:Tofte, Minnesota
891:Thomasville (nr
825:William Edenborn
691:
690:
651:Big Blow of 1880
558:Oswego, New York
409:Sheldon Thompson
284:
283:
246:Sault Ste. Marie
242:St. Mary's River
77:: over 400 dead
59:
58:
37:lake effect snow
3417:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3226:
3148:
3062:
3027:Treasure Island
2980:Apostle Islands
2966:
2923:St. Marys River
2906:St. Clair River
2848:
2832:
2786:Chequamegon Bay
2769:
2733:
2729:Manitou Passage
2717:Porte des Morts
2685:
2644:Nottawasaga Bay
2627:
2598:
2592:
2556:Secondary lakes
2551:
2515:
2509:
2473:Ratigan, Bill.
2460:
2458:Further reading
2455:
2440:
2412:
2391:
2386:
2377:
2375:
2365:
2361:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2139:
2130:
2126:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2074:Wayback Machine
2065:
2061:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1963:Wayback Machine
1954:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1853:Carl D. Bradley
1837:
1829:
1817:Hurricane Sandy
1813:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1685:with a load of
1675:
1661:
1641:
1627:
1579:
1573:
1420:
1102:Type of Vessel
1086:
1080:
981:stranded tight
872:Two Island, nr
689:
672:
666:
653:
290:Port of origin
268:
238:Michilimackinac
218:
166:
64:
12:
11:
5:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3367:
3366:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3273:Lake freighter
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3231:Related topics
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3215:Municipalities
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Lake Frontenac
3101:
3096:
3094:Lake Algonquin
3091:
3086:
3084:Lake Admiralty
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3022:Lake Mindemoya
3019:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:Batchawana Bay
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2707:Big Bay de Noc
2699:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2656:Munuscong Lake
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2438:
2425:
2416:
2410:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2359:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2308:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2175:
2163:
2137:
2124:
2107:
2100:"1905-11-28".
2092:
2085:"1905-11-27".
2077:
2059:
2044:
2028:
2016:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1948:
1927:
1912:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1812:
1809:
1788:Main article:
1785:
1782:
1774:Main article:
1771:
1768:
1760:Main article:
1757:
1754:
1721:no longer saw
1671:Main article:
1660:
1657:
1637:Main article:
1626:
1623:
1619:Three Brothers
1591:lake freighter
1575:Main article:
1572:
1569:
1553:Western States
1419:
1416:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1343:Lake Superior
1341:
1338:
1335:Henry B. Smith
1330:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:Isaac M. Scott
1306:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:John A. McGean
1210:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1082:Main article:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1004:
1003:
1000:
993:
990:
983:
982:
979:
973:
971:
964:
963:
960:
953:
950:
941:
940:
937:
928:
926:
919:
918:
915:
913:
911:
900:
899:
896:
889:
887:
886:(stmr-wooden)
884:George Spencer
880:
879:
876:
870:
868:
865:George Herbert
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
799:
798:
795:
788:
785:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
759:
758:
756:
753:
750:
743:
742:
739:
736:
733:
724:
723:
720:
715:
712:
705:
704:
701:
698:
697:Shipping Line
695:
688:
685:
665:
662:
661:
660:
652:
649:
646:
645:
643:
641:
640:Lake Michigan
638:
636:
629:
628:
625:
623:
622:Lake Michigan
620:
618:
611:
610:
607:
601:
600:Lake Michigan
598:
596:
589:
588:
585:
583:
578:
576:
569:
568:
565:
563:
560:
555:
549:
548:
545:
542:
537:
532:
526:
525:
522:
516:
513:
510:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
491:
484:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
405:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
386:
385:
382:
379:
376:
371:
365:
364:
361:
355:
352:
350:
344:
343:
340:
339:near Fairport
337:
334:
331:
325:
324:
321:
315:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
267:
264:
217:
214:
170:Sandusky, Ohio
165:
162:
159:
158:
154:
153:
143:
142:
132:
131:
127:
126:
116:
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
95:
94:
84:
83:
79:
78:
68:
67:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3414:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3364:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:Organizations
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Champlain Sea
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Lake Kagawong
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2955:Welland Canal
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:Nipigon River
2899:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:Niagara River
2887:
2885:
2884:Chicago River
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Detroit River
2862:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2816:Whitefish Bay
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:North Channel
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2439:9780932212450
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2411:9780912514123
2407:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2272:
2267:
2261:, p. 217
2260:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2237:, p. 214
2236:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2213:, p. 304
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2173:, p. 326
2172:
2167:
2161:
2160:Parker (1986)
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
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2111:
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2051:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2001:, p. 294
2000:
1999:Varnum (1966)
1995:
1989:, p. 293
1988:
1987:Varnum (1966)
1983:
1977:, p. 292
1976:
1975:Varnum (1966)
1971:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1938:. Geo.msu.edu
1937:
1931:
1925:, p. 287
1924:
1919:
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1700:
1696:
1695:Gary, Indiana
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1654:
1653:Lake Superior
1650:
1646:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1607:Anna C. Minch
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1583:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1548:Detroit River
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:F.G. Hartwell
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:Detroit River
1490:
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1255:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:Lake Michigan
1244:
1241:
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1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:Lake Superior
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:
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991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
978:
974:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
955:Gull Island (
954:
951:
948:
947:
943:
942:
939:on the rocks
938:
936:
932:
929:
927:
924:
921:
920:
917:hard aground
916:
914:
912:
909:
905:
902:
901:
898:hard aground
897:
894:
890:
888:
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869:
866:
863:
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796:
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789:
786:
783:
782:
778:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:Crescent City
761:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
740:
737:
734:
731:
730:
726:
725:
721:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:Isaac Ellwood
707:
706:
702:
699:
696:
693:
692:
684:
682:
681:Mataafa wreck
677:
671:
670:Mataafa Storm
658:
655:
654:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
630:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
613:
612:
608:
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602:
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597:
594:
591:
590:
586:
584:
582:
581:Lake Michigan
579:
577:
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571:
570:
566:
564:
562:Lake Ontario
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
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531:
528:
527:
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353:
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349:
348:North America
346:
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326:
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235:
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227:
223:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
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186:
184:
183:Niagara River
179:
175:
171:
156:
155:
151:
150:
145:
144:
140:
139:
134:
133:
129:
128:
124:
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118:
117:
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112:
108:
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76:
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66:
61:
60:
57:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
25:
24:
19:
3334:
3288:Lake surfing
3114:Lake Stanley
3099:Lake Chicago
3089:Lake Agassiz
3017:Lake Manitou
2874:French River
2806:Superior Bay
2801:Pokegama Bay
2796:Keweenaw Bay
2781:Au Train Bay
2722:Sturgeon Bay
2639:Georgian Bay
2623:Sandusky Bay
2474:
2465:
2448:
2429:
2420:
2399:
2376:. Retrieved
2372:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2311:
2303:USCG History
2302:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2259:Bowen (1940)
2254:
2247:Bowen (1940)
2242:
2235:Bowen (1940)
2230:
2223:Bowen (1940)
2218:
2211:Bowen (1940)
2206:
2201:, Chapter 15
2199:Bowen (1940)
2194:
2166:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2062:
2039:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1951:
1940:. Retrieved
1930:
1903:. Retrieved
1897:
1887:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1830:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1779:
1765:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1678:
1676:
1642:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1595:
1588:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1463:dropped its
1460:
1443:
1440:
1433:
1411:
1409:
1382:
1358:
1352:all 25 lost
1334:
1328:all 28 lost
1310:
1304:all 20 lost
1286:
1280:all 28 lost
1262:
1237:
1232:all 28 lost
1214:
1208:all 18 lost
1204:Angus Island
1188:
1182:all 25 lost
1164:
1158:all 22 lost
1143:
1137:all 25 lost
1117:
1087:
1059:
1051:Two Harbors
1029:
1011:
1007:
986:
968:Western Star
967:
945:
922:
907:
903:
883:
864:
847:
842:
824:
806:
802:
797:‘broken up’
780:
762:
747:R.W. England
746:
728:
708:
673:
632:
614:
592:
572:
552:
540:Lake Ontario
530:Robert Bruce
529:
518:capsized at
506:
487:
467:
447:
428:Two Brothers
427:
408:
389:
368:
347:
328:
304:
273:
269:
259:
219:
209:
202:Presque Isle
197:
195:
187:
177:
167:
148:
137:
121:
100:
89:
73:
62:
21:
15:
3340:Third Coast
3303:Megalopolis
3263:Lake breeze
3248:Circle Tour
3109:Lake Maumee
2995:Isle Royale
2960:First canal
2826:Goulais Bay
2811:Thunder Bay
2765:Wellers Bay
2760:Toronto Bay
2681:Thunder Bay
2671:Saginaw Bay
2651:Lake George
2588:Couchiching
2512:Great Lakes
2135:, Volume 18
2133:Inland Seas
1905:November 4,
1534:, a wooden
1501:Point Pelee
1457:Thunder Bay
1404:all 6 lost
1376:all hands
1367:Lake Huron
1319:Lake Huron
1295:Lake Huron
1271:Lake Huron
1256:all 7 lost
1252:Gull Island
1223:Lake Huron
1173:Lake Huron
1152:Lake Huron
1111:Lives lost
676:Great Lakes
520:Point Pelee
468:Col. Benton
357:beached at
305:Free Trader
299:Lives lost
93:: 244 dead
90:Great Storm
18:Great Lakes
3376:Categories
3330:Shipwrecks
3258:Great Loop
2869:Erie Canal
2844:Anchor Bay
2750:Humber Bay
2613:Maumee Bay
2520:Main lakes
2389:References
2378:2016-01-25
1942:2013-12-03
1741:Fitzgerald
1734:Fitzgerald
1729:Fitzgerald
1725:on radar.
1723:Fitzgerald
1715:Fitzgerald
1707:Fitzgerald
1703:Fitzgerald
1532:D.L. Filer
1451:bound for
1389:Lightship
1127:Lake Huron
1041:foundered
1023:‘hung-up’
1010:(barge of
1002:‘hung-up’
931:Pie Island
923:Monkshaven
906:(barge of
846:(barge of
805:(barge of
752:Tomlinson
668:See also:
567:all hands
547:all hands
515:Lake Erie
495:Lake Erie
476:Lake Erie
456:Lake Erie
436:Lake Erie
416:Lake Erie
397:Lake Erie
390:Henry Clay
378:Lake Erie
354:Lake Erie
342:all hands
336:Lake Erie
226:Lake Huron
152:: 28 dead
141:: 29 dead
138:Fitzgerald
125:: 33 dead
74:Lady Elgin
23:Le Griffon
3323:Laurentia
3253:Crossings
3053:Populated
2933:Soo Locks
2857:Waterways
2837:St. Clair
2791:Huron Bay
2755:Sodus Bay
2702:Green Bay
2583:Winnebago
2578:St. Clair
2568:Nipissing
2373:MLive.com
1521:storm oil
1491:from the
1489:Lake Erie
1485:Cleveland
1436:Lake Erie
1393:Lake Erie
1370:north of
1108:Location
962:stranded
807:Lafayette
781:Lafayette
657:SS Alpena
488:Godolphin
313:Lake Erie
296:Location
279:Lake Erie
210:Catherine
198:Catherine
178:Catherine
41:Lake Erie
28:Green Bay
3345:Treaties
2774:Superior
2690:Michigan
2599:channels
2597:Bays and
2547:Superior
2537:Michigan
2070:Archived
1959:Archived
1835:See also
1719:Anderson
1711:Anderson
1699:Anderson
1687:taconite
1536:schooner
1525:Hartwell
1517:Billings
1511:and the
1364:Steamer
1340:Steamer
1324:Michigan
1316:Steamer
1292:Steamer
1268:Steamer
1238:Plymouth
1220:Steamer
1194:Steamer
1189:Leafield
1170:Steamer
1149:Steamer
1123:Steamer
1030:Ira Owen
957:Apostles
848:Edenborn
818:aground
741:aground
722:aground
633:Delaware
609:16 lost
512:Buffalo
507:Lagrange
473:Buffalo
453:Buffalo
448:Tecumseh
433:Buffalo
413:Buffalo
394:Buffalo
369:Sandusky
333:Madison
191:heave to
2972:Islands
2738:Ontario
2563:Nipigon
2542:Ontario
1683:Detroit
1614:Novadoc
1505:Butters
1497:Butters
1474:Colgate
1469:Colgate
1465:hawsers
1461:Colgate
1412:Wexford
1399:Buffalo
1385:(LV-82)
1383:Buffalo
1359:Wexford
1062:(stmr)
1033:(stmr)
1012:Coralia
989:(stmr)
987:Coralia
970:(stmr)
949:(stmr)
925:(stmr)
908:Spencer
867:(scow)
843:Madeira
784:(stmr)
765:(stmr)
755:Duluth
749:(stmr)
738:Duluth
732:(stmr)
729:Mataafa
711:(stmr)
703:Damage
627:6 lost
593:Bridget
587:7 lost
275:Buffalo
260:Harriet
250:hove to
174:Buffalo
149:Morrell
122:Bradley
45:Seiches
3392:Storms
3335:Storms
3318:Region
3220:Cities
2573:Simcoe
2436:
2408:
2042:, 1899
2014:, 1851
1603:. The
1565:Merida
1561:Merida
1287:Regina
1242:Barge
1165:Hydrus
803:Manila
718:Duluth
635:(sch)
617:(sch)
595:(sch)
575:(sch)
573:Chance
553:Medora
509:(sch)
490:(sch)
470:(sch)
450:(sch)
430:(sch)
255:reefed
101:Alpena
3313:Ports
3238:Basin
2894:Falls
2632:Huron
2532:Huron
2299:(PDF)
1880:Notes
1544:Filer
1455:(now
1346:near
1298:near
1274:near
1250:near
1226:near
1202:near
1176:near
1131:near
1118:Argus
1105:Lake
1099:Ship
904:Amboy
694:Ship
615:Sloan
603:near
329:Comet
293:Lake
287:Ship
146:1966
135:1975
119:1958
98:1880
87:1913
71:1860
2606:Erie
2527:Erie
2434:ISBN
2406:ISBN
1907:2020
1441:The
1060:Vega
1008:Maia
501:n/a
482:n/a
462:n/a
442:n/a
422:n/a
403:n/a
384:n/a
363:n/a
317:Off
1859:SS
1851:SS
1752:".
1612:SS
1605:SS
1594:SS
244:to
236:to
33:fog
3378::
2371:.
2353:,
2301:.
2178:^
2140:^
2047:^
2031:^
1915:^
1896:.
1689:.
1567:.
1401:)
1093:)
1014:)
999:)
959:)
933:,
910:)
895:)
850:)
809:)
794:)
35:,
2504:e
2497:t
2490:v
2442:.
2414:.
2381:.
2305:.
1945:.
1909:.
1430:.
204:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.