Knowledge

List of people executed in South Dakota

Source πŸ“

2129: 1630: 2076: 2086: 2020: 1333: 2056: 2165: 2134: 2119: 2066: 1635: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1877: 1840: 1887: 2081: 1338: 2139: 2124: 1685: 2109: 2046: 1608: 1679: 1618: 27:
from 1877 to date. A total of 20 people have been executed in South Dakota since 1877. Prior to 1915, the sole method of execution was via
2170: 2061: 1388: 1820: 1785: 2160: 1867: 1765: 1730: 1573: 1660: 2175: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1790: 1319: 1201: 1740: 1665: 1498: 1270: 503: 1862: 1775: 1770: 1655: 31:. South Dakota banned the death penalty in 1915, but it was reinstated in 1939. The method of execution was then changed to 1830: 1720: 1593: 1538: 1503: 2051: 1857: 1800: 1780: 1755: 1745: 1735: 1725: 1715: 1695: 1670: 1650: 1578: 1483: 1443: 1310: 1872: 1852: 1750: 1700: 1675: 1645: 1640: 1543: 1533: 1528: 1508: 1196: 1835: 1760: 1710: 1603: 1458: 1373: 499: 2114: 1690: 1493: 1488: 1363: 626: 610: 594: 578: 562: 546: 530: 514: 1847: 1795: 1705: 1583: 1548: 1453: 1428: 294: 1568: 1518: 1473: 1463: 1448: 1438: 1423: 1403: 1378: 1368: 1358: 255: 177: 1588: 1563: 1468: 1408: 1383: 1353: 1343: 129: 1523: 1478: 1418: 1393: 1348: 219: 1553: 1433: 1398: 274: 2036: 1598: 1558: 1513: 1413: 1221: 2093: 261: 235: 183: 157: 1303: 139: 109: 2041: 1288: 8: 1182: 559: 1296: 1015: 889: 855: 763: 729: 575: 42: 38: 1248: 55:
in 1984. Since 1979, a total of 5 people have been executed, all by lethal injection.
1107: 724: 511: 486: 134: 52: 47: 607: 188: 1174: 1141: 527: 32: 2154: 981: 1154: 543: 23: 699: 623: 591: 302: 144: 19: 2071: 1224:
Sheriff Dave Malcolm, but was not separately tried for that murder.
1104:
Mr. and Mrs. James Christie, Mildred Christie, and Michael Ronayne
719: 28: 51:. The method of execution was changed from electrocution to 1318: 802: 271: 865: 198: 1025: 831: 232: 154: 41:
was reinstated in South Dakota in 1979 following the
2087:
White defendants executed for killing a black victim
928: 991: 1117: 2152: 957: 2125:National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty 1151: 678: 85: 1249:"Frequent Asked Questions: Capital Punishment" 1083: 1054: 739: 696: 106: 2166:Lists of people executed in the United States 2130:Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment 1304: 773: 899: 1311: 1297: 1251:. South Dakota Department of Corrections 1320:Capital punishment in the United States 1202:Capital punishment in the United States 2153: 2077:Participation of medical professionals 1292: 1243: 1241: 1179:Special state agent Thomas Matthews 13: 2171:South Dakota history-related lists 1273:. Death Penalty Information Center 1238: 1197:Capital punishment in South Dakota 14: 2187: 1012:George Puck and George Ostrander 2115:Death Penalty Information Center 2161:People executed by South Dakota 2120:Most recent executions by state 1271:"Searchable Execution Database" 1075:C. Edward Taylor and John Shaw 310: 18:list of people executed by the 2176:South Dakota law-related lists 1263: 1214: 662: 69: 1: 1231: 651: 58: 7: 2082:Race and capital punishment 1190: 10: 2192: 1138:Ellen Fox and Mildred Fox 718: 2135:Women executed since 1976 2102: 2052:Dual sovereignty doctrine 2029: 1886: 1617: 1326: 1147: 1113: 1079: 1050: 1021: 1014: 987: 953: 924: 895: 888: 861: 852:Constable James H. Burns 827: 798: 769: 762: 735: 692: 687: 684: 681: 675: 672: 669: 666: 661: 498: 480: 409: 393: 333: 317: 267: 228: 194: 187: 150: 133: 102: 97: 94: 91: 88: 82: 79: 76: 73: 68: 1207: 2057:Execution drug shortage 805:James Leighton Gilmore 275:Charles Russell Rhines 868:Nathaniel R. Thompson 260:Correctional Officer 201:Donald Eugene Moeller 182:Correctional Officer 2042:Death-qualified jury 2021:Scheduled executions 1028:Allen Walking Shield 834:John Benjamin Lehman 2094:Wrongful executions 1183:George T. Mickelson 1009:September 19, 1902 560:George S. Mickelson 299:Donnivan Schaeffer 236:Rodney Scott Berget 140:Chester Allan Poage 16:The following is a 2140:Women on death row 2037:Botched executions 1631:Federal government 1334:Federal government 1101:November 16, 1909 1016:Charles N. Herreid 946:December 28, 1894 917:November 15, 1894 890:Charles H. Sheldon 856:Arthur C. Mellette 849:February 19, 1892 820:December 15, 1882 791:November 15, 1882 764:Nehemiah G. Ordway 730:John L. Pennington 679:Date of execution 576:Walter Dale Miller 410:Date of execution 158:Eric Donald Robert 86:Date of execution 43:U.S. Supreme Court 39:Capital punishment 2148: 2147: 2110:Death row inmates 2030:Issues and ethics 1188: 1187: 1135:December 3, 1913 1072:December 5, 1902 1046:Ghost-Faced Bear 1043:October 21, 1902 883:October 20, 1893 649: 648: 308: 307: 291:November 4, 2019 252:October 29, 2018 216:October 30, 2012 174:October 15, 2012 2183: 1878:Washington, D.C. 1609:Washington, D.C. 1313: 1306: 1299: 1290: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1245: 1225: 1218: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1108:Robert S. Vessey 1089: 1088: 1087: 1063:Native American 1060: 1059: 1058: 1034:Native American 1031: 1030: 1029: 1000:Native American 997: 996: 995: 963: 962: 961: 937:Native American 934: 933: 932: 931:Chief Two Sticks 905: 904: 903: 886:Electa Blighton 871: 870: 869: 837: 836: 835: 808: 807: 806: 782:Native American 779: 778: 777: 745: 744: 743: 725:Wild Bill Hickok 704: 703: 702: 664: 659: 658: 512:Richard F. Kneip 487:Lethal injection 315: 314: 279: 278: 277: 240: 239: 238: 224:Becky O'Connell 204: 203: 202: 162: 161: 160: 135:Lethal injection 114: 113: 112: 71: 66: 65: 53:lethal injection 48:Gregg v. Georgia 2191: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2098: 2025: 1882: 1622: 1620: 1613: 1322: 1317: 1287: 1286: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1254: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1220:He also killed 1219: 1215: 1210: 1193: 1153: 1152: 1119: 1118: 1085: 1084: 1056: 1055: 1027: 1026: 994:Ernest Loveswar 993: 992: 959: 958: 930: 929: 901: 900: 867: 866: 833: 832: 804: 803: 794:Joseph Johnson 775: 774: 741: 740: 698: 697: 657: 608:Dennis Daugaard 313: 273: 272: 234: 233: 200: 199: 189:Dennis Daugaard 156: 155: 108: 107: 64: 12: 11: 5: 2189: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1821:South Carolina 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1786:North Carolina 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1594:American Samoa 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1539:South Carolina 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1504:North Carolina 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1301: 1293: 1285: 1284: 1262: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1171:April 8, 1947 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1142:Frank M. Byrne 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1120:Joseph Rickman 1115: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 989: 985: 984: 979: 976: 975:July 14, 1897 973: 970: 967: 964: 955: 951: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 926: 922: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 897: 893: 892: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 863: 859: 858: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 829: 825: 824: 823:Bisente Ortez 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 800: 796: 795: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 771: 767: 766: 761: 758: 757:July 13, 1882 755: 752: 749: 746: 737: 733: 732: 727: 722: 717: 716:March 1, 1877 714: 711: 708: 705: 694: 690: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 656: 650: 647: 646: 643: 640: 636: 635: 632: 629: 620: 619: 616: 613: 604: 603: 600: 597: 588: 587: 584: 581: 572: 571: 568: 565: 556: 555: 552: 549: 540: 539: 536: 533: 528:Harvey Wollman 524: 523: 520: 517: 508: 507: 496: 495: 492: 489: 483: 482: 478: 477: 474: 471: 467: 466: 463: 460: 456: 455: 452: 449: 445: 444: 441: 438: 434: 433: 430: 427: 423: 422: 419: 416: 412: 411: 407: 406: 403: 400: 396: 395: 391: 390: 387: 384: 380: 379: 376: 373: 369: 368: 365: 362: 358: 357: 354: 351: 347: 346: 343: 340: 336: 335: 331: 330: 327: 324: 320: 319: 312: 309: 306: 305: 300: 297: 292: 289: 286: 283: 280: 269: 265: 264: 262:Ronald Johnson 258: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 230: 226: 225: 222: 217: 214: 211: 208: 205: 196: 192: 191: 186: 184:Ronald Johnson 180: 175: 172: 169: 166: 163: 152: 148: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 126:July 11, 2007 124: 121: 118: 115: 104: 100: 99: 96: 93: 90: 87: 84: 81: 78: 75: 72: 63: 57: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2188: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1868:West Virginia 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1766:New Hampshire 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1731:Massachusetts 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1579:West Virginia 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1484:New Hampshire 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1444:Massachusetts 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1327:Jurisdictions 1325: 1321: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1272: 1266: 1250: 1244: 1242: 1237: 1223: 1217: 1213: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1175:Electrocution 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 990: 986: 983: 982:Andrew E. Lee 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 960:Charles Brown 956: 952: 949:Four victims 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 927: 923: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 898: 894: 891: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 864: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 839: 830: 826: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 801: 797: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 772: 768: 765: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 738: 734: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 715: 712: 709: 706: 701: 695: 691: 660: 655: 644: 641: 638: 637: 633: 630: 628: 625: 622: 621: 617: 614: 612: 609: 606: 605: 601: 598: 596: 593: 590: 589: 585: 582: 580: 577: 574: 573: 569: 566: 564: 561: 558: 557: 553: 550: 548: 545: 542: 541: 537: 534: 532: 529: 526: 525: 521: 518: 516: 513: 510: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 490: 488: 485: 484: 479: 475: 472: 469: 468: 464: 461: 458: 457: 453: 450: 447: 446: 442: 439: 436: 435: 431: 428: 425: 424: 420: 417: 414: 413: 408: 404: 401: 398: 397: 392: 388: 385: 382: 381: 377: 374: 371: 370: 366: 363: 360: 359: 355: 352: 349: 348: 344: 341: 338: 337: 332: 328: 325: 322: 321: 316: 304: 301: 298: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 281: 276: 270: 266: 263: 259: 257: 254: 251: 248: 245: 242: 237: 231: 227: 223: 221: 218: 215: 212: 209: 206: 197: 193: 190: 185: 181: 179: 176: 173: 170: 167: 164: 159: 153: 149: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 131: 128: 125: 122: 119: 116: 111: 105: 101: 67: 62: 56: 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 36: 34: 33:electrocution 30: 26: 25: 21: 2062:Exonerations 1841:2020–present 1826:South Dakota 1825: 1816:Rhode Island 1811:Pennsylvania 1791:North Dakota 1544:South Dakota 1534:Rhode Island 1529:Pennsylvania 1509:North Dakota 1275:. Retrieved 1265: 1253:. Retrieved 1222:Butte County 1216: 1155:George Sitts 653: 544:Bill Janklow 311:Demographics 60: 46: 45:decision of 37: 24:South Dakota 17: 15: 1741:Mississippi 1666:Connecticut 1604:Puerto Rico 1459:Mississippi 1374:Connecticut 1277:February 2, 1255:February 2, 1086:Emil Victor 1057:George Bear 978:Emma Stone 920:John Meyer 742:Thomas Egan 700:Jack McCall 624:Kristi Noem 592:Mike Rounds 303:Kristi Noem 145:Mike Rounds 110:Elijah Page 2155:Categories 1863:Washington 1776:New Mexico 1771:New Jersey 1656:California 1574:Washington 1494:New Mexico 1489:New Jersey 1364:California 1232:References 776:Brave Bear 760:Mary Egan 685:Victim(s) 470:2020–2029 459:2010–2019 448:2000–2009 437:1990–1999 426:1980–1989 415:1976–1979 295:Pennington 95:Victim(s) 20:U.S. state 2072:Last meal 2067:Juveniles 1831:Tennessee 1721:Louisiana 1584:Wisconsin 1549:Tennessee 1454:Minnesota 1429:Louisiana 902:Jay Hicks 688:Governor 256:Minnehaha 178:Minnehaha 98:Governor 1858:Virginia 1801:Oklahoma 1781:New York 1756:Nebraska 1746:Missouri 1736:Michigan 1726:Maryland 1716:Kentucky 1696:Illinois 1680:pre-1972 1671:Delaware 1661:Colorado 1651:Arkansas 1636:Military 1623:executed 1619:Lists of 1569:Virginia 1519:Oklahoma 1499:New York 1474:Nebraska 1464:Missouri 1449:Michigan 1439:Maryland 1424:Kentucky 1404:Illinois 1379:Delaware 1369:Colorado 1359:Arkansas 1339:Military 1191:See also 500:Governor 130:Lawrence 1888:By year 1873:Wyoming 1853:Vermont 1751:Montana 1701:Indiana 1686:Georgia 1676:Florida 1646:Arizona 1641:Alabama 1589:Wyoming 1564:Vermont 1469:Montana 1409:Indiana 1389:Georgia 1384:Florida 1354:Arizona 1344:Alabama 720:Hanging 682:Method 481:Method 220:Lincoln 92:Method 89:County 29:hanging 2047:Debate 1806:Oregon 1761:Nevada 1711:Kansas 1621:people 1524:Oregon 1479:Nevada 1419:Kansas 1394:Hawaii 1349:Alaska 1162:White 1126:Black 1092:White 966:Black 908:White 874:White 840:White 811:White 748:White 707:White 654:Furman 639:Total 383:60–69 372:50–59 361:40–49 350:30–39 339:20–29 323:White 282:White 243:White 207:White 165:White 117:White 2103:Other 1836:Texas 1691:Idaho 1554:Texas 1434:Maine 1399:Idaho 1208:Notes 670:Race 667:Name 645:100% 504:Party 494:100% 405:100% 399:Male 329:100% 318:Race 77:Race 74:Name 61:Gregg 59:Post- 2016:2024 2011:2023 2006:2022 2001:2021 1996:2020 1991:2019 1986:2018 1981:2017 1976:2016 1971:2015 1966:2014 1961:2013 1956:2012 1951:2011 1946:2010 1941:2009 1936:2008 1931:2007 1926:2006 1921:2005 1916:2004 1911:2003 1906:2002 1901:2001 1896:2000 1848:Utah 1796:Ohio 1706:Iowa 1599:Guam 1559:Utah 1514:Ohio 1414:Iowa 1279:2020 1257:2020 676:Sex 673:Age 652:Pre- 634:20% 618:60% 602:20% 465:80% 454:20% 394:Sex 389:40% 378:40% 345:20% 334:Age 83:Sex 80:Age 1165:33 1148:15 1114:14 1095:19 1080:13 1066:41 1051:12 1022:11 988:10 969:54 911:28 877:62 814:24 710:24 663:No. 627:(R) 611:(R) 595:(R) 586:0% 579:(R) 570:0% 563:(R) 554:0% 547:(R) 538:0% 531:(D) 522:0% 515:(D) 476:0% 443:0% 432:0% 421:0% 367:0% 356:0% 285:63 246:56 210:60 168:50 120:25 70:No. 22:of 2157:: 1240:^ 1168:M 1132:M 1129:β€” 1098:M 1069:M 1040:M 1037:β€” 1006:M 1003:β€” 972:M 954:9 943:M 940:β€” 925:8 914:M 896:7 880:M 862:6 846:M 843:β€” 828:5 817:M 799:4 788:M 785:β€” 770:3 754:M 751:β€” 736:2 713:M 693:1 642:5 631:1 615:3 599:1 583:0 567:0 551:0 535:0 519:0 506:) 491:5 473:0 462:4 451:1 440:0 429:0 418:0 402:5 386:2 375:2 364:0 353:0 342:1 326:5 288:M 268:5 249:M 229:4 213:M 195:3 171:M 151:2 123:M 103:1 35:. 1682:) 1678:( 1312:e 1305:t 1298:v 1281:. 1259:. 502:(

Index

U.S. state
South Dakota
hanging
electrocution
Capital punishment
U.S. Supreme Court
Gregg v. Georgia
lethal injection
Elijah Page
Lawrence
Lethal injection
Chester Allan Poage
Mike Rounds
Eric Donald Robert
Minnehaha
Ronald Johnson
Dennis Daugaard
Lincoln
Rodney Scott Berget
Minnehaha
Ronald Johnson
Charles Russell Rhines
Pennington
Kristi Noem
Lethal injection
Governor
Party
Richard F. Kneip
(D)
Harvey Wollman

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑