151:(Milhous 71). It was around 75 feet long by 30 feet wide with about a 650-person audience seating maximum capacity (The Restoration Theater; Wilson and Goldfarb 249). It was originally an indoor tennis court; courts were used as theatre spaces because they had a similar structure with a narrow, rectangular shape and gallery seating. The stage was raked, sloping upward toward the back of the stage, in order to help with perspective. The audience was divided into the pit, boxes, and galleries. The pit had backless benches and a raked floor that rose toward the back of the audience to help sightlines. Mostly single men sat here, and it was the noisiest, rowdiest area in the theatre. Boxes sat upper class aristocrats—mostly married couples with wives who wanted to be seen. Galleries held the lower class, including servants of the upper classes in attendance.
360:. Betterton, a famous English actor, was forced out as the head of the company in 1688, staying on as an actor (and filling a day-to-day managerial role) while a succession of leaders embezzled funds and cut costs by cutting actors' salaries. This uniting created many conflicts between the members of the companies. For example, each company would have one actor who would always play Hamlet, but when the companies are combined, who claims the role? Due to rivalry and competition within the United Company, Thomas Betterton petitioned to the king to separate and create his own company. So, under
2352:
159:
and the audience, creating an intimate atmosphere. Another uniqueness of
English theatres is that there were typically two pairs of doors, one on each side of the stage, called proscenium doors with balconies above them for the actors to utilize in performances. Proscenium doors served as entrances and exits disregarding the possibility of multiple locations. Candelabras provided light for the space, and manual moveable scenery was used to move the show along (The Restoration Theater).
183:
When theatre was restored, Davenant and a man named Thomas
Killigrew wanted to create theatre in England and thus, Killigrew obtained a warrant expressing that he could "raise a company and a theatre, provided that his company and Davenant's should be the only ones allowed to play in London" (Hotson 199). Davenant, then, drafted their joint warrant and after much debate over whether or not their role in theatre infringed on the Master of the Revels' power, they appealed to Charles II.
133:
for
England as Cromwell persecuted many families, especially those who fought on the behalf of King Charles I and Irish families that held rustic Catholic beliefs. Needless to say, Oliver Cromwell quickly fell out of the majority's favour, and he died in 1658 of natural causes. Two years later, Charles II, the beheaded king's son, returned to England and began the Restoration by restoring the throne and claiming his role as the proper King of England.
129:
Parliamentarians against the current King of
England, King Charles I, led by Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan. Cromwell's opposition to the throne was religious but political, as well, which led him to build up an army with the ability to imprison King Charles, who was beheaded in 1649, ending the war. After his death, the King's wife and children were given permission to leave the country, so they travelled to France to escape and receive protection.
316:
63:
364:, the United Company split. Betterton left with a band of actors and a newly issued license to perform, and from 1695 to 1705 his company performed back at Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse, refurbishing the abandoned building back into a theatre. The New Theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields opened in April 1695 with
412:
on 22 September 1722 which reported that a fresco of
Betterton, with other theatre figures of the period, had been uncovered during redecoration of the theatre. Rich also had no guarantee that he would receive a licence for the theatre, and would have kept costs to a minimum. As it turned out, he was
407:
wrote that
Christopher Rich “rebuilt that Theatre from the Ground, as it is now standing”. This has led to the belief that Rich demolished the entire building. If the structure was sound, this would have been unnecessary, time-consuming and expensive, especially as Cibber adds that Rich did it at his
158:
to provide adequate acting space, and the background and perspective scenery served as solely as scenery. The
Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse orchestra was housed beneath the stage, and the apron was extended two feet to cover completely the orchestra pit and obtain close proximity between the actors
311:
scenery is entirely changeable, with various transformations and lovely perspectives. Before the play begins, to render the waiting less annoying and inconvenient, there are very graceful instrumental pieces to be heard, with the result that many go early just to enjoy this part of the entertainment.
132:
The years following became known as the
Commonwealth Era (1649–1660) because Cromwell, who established himself as the monarch figure without assuming any official authority, ruled the nation with Parliament support and renamed the England Republic to the English Commonwealth. These were tough times
330:
The theatre was implicated by the Grand Jury of
Middlesex on 7 July 1703 for showcasing "profane, irrelevant, lewd, indecent, and immoral expressions". It was also a hot target for riots and disorderly assemblies, murders, and other misdemeanors, but despite its troubles, the theatre remained very
310:
is surrounded within by separate compartments in which there are several degrees of seating for the greater comfort of the ladies and gentlemen who, according to the liberal custom of the country, share the same boxes. Down below there remains a broad space for other members of the audience. The
182:
in 1660, Lincoln's Inn Fields
Playhouse received its first company through the efforts of the King himself and two men who dedicated themselves to theatre. Sir William Davenant had received a patent from Charles the I in 1639 when he was in power, but he had never used it due to the theatre ban.
150:
in Richmond, North Yorkshire, which contains components of Restoration theatre spaces and still stands today. Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse was very small. In fact, Milhous believes that "the smaller seating capacity… hurt the company in the long run" as they moved as newer theatres came along
253:
where the soon-to-be famous actor, Thomas Betterton, performed the prologue. The result was such a sensation that it brought Charles II to a public theatre for the first time. This production at Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse "emptied Killigrew's theatre" according to Milhous (19). Milhous also
136:
In addition, King Charles II's return restored the legality of theatre. This history is significant because it explains that since Charles II spent most of his life in France, he, as King, appreciated French culture, which prominently impressed upon England during the Restoration, particularly
128:
The period beginning in England in 1642 and lasting until 1660 is known as the Interregnum, meaning "between kings." At this time, there was no monarch on the throne, and theatre was against the law. Spanning from 1642 to 1649, the English Civil War occurred. This war was an uprising by
145:
There are no extant photos, elaborate diagrams, paintings, or other forms of visual evidence of the inside of the Lincoln's Inn theatre, but certain aspects are understood of the theatre according to its time period. However, a great example of the layout of the inside is the
351:
The building was converted back to a tennis court and remained one for almost 20 years. During that time, the Duke's Company, occupying the Dorset Theatre, subsumed the King's Company, housed in the newly rebuilt Theatre Royal, to form the
254:
explains that the companies and other theatres "deliberately engaged in vicious head-on collision, mounting the same plays" (19). The competing King's Company suddenly found itself playing to empty houses, as diarist and devoted playgoer
230:
In March 1660, Sir William Davenant contracted to lease Lisle's Tennis Court in order to renovate it into a theatre, and he bought adjoining land to expand the building into the garden area. Killigrew's theatre on Vere Street
342:
which was more popular at the time. In 1672, the theatre in Bridges Street burnt down, and the King's Company temporarily occupied the recently vacated Lincoln's Inn Field, until their new theatre opened in 1674.
283:(1708). This was a remarkable run for the limited potential audience of the time. More acclaimed productions by the Duke's Company "with scenes" followed at Lincoln's Inn Fields in the course of 1661 (including
295:), all highly admired by Pepys. The King's Company was forced to abandon their own, technically unsophisticated tennis-court theatre and commission the construction of a new theatre in Bridges Street, where the
457:
The old building was subsequently used as a barracks, an auction room, a warehouse for china, and was finally demolished in 1848 to make room for an extension to the neighbouring premises of the
112:. The building was rebuilt in 1714, and used again as a theatre for a third period, 1714–1732. The tennis court theatre was the first public playhouse in London to feature the moveable
408:
own expense. It is far more likely that it was merely the interior that was rebuilt, and Cibber's text has been misinterpreted. Supporting evidence for this comes from the first issue of the
223:), but scrambled to quickly acquire facilities that were more to current tastes. Taking a hint from their new King's taste, Killigrew and Davenant both chose a solution that had been used in
266:(the first time I ever saw it), well acted. But strange to see this house, that use to be so thronged, now empty since the opera begun—and so will continue for a while I believe.
2989:
167:
The building was constructed as a real tennis court in 1656. Thomas Lisle's wife Anne Tyler and a man named James Hooker developed the indoor court in the winter of 1656 and 1657.
247:
or shutters ran in grooves and could be smoothly and mechanically changed between or even within acts. The production was a revamped version of Davenant's own five-year-old opera
235:) opened first, in November 1660. Davenant apparently spent more time in his remodelling: Lincoln's Inn Fields opened on 28 June 1661, with the first "moveable" or "changeable"
207:. Original intentions were positive, but competition was quickly apparent between the two. Both companies briefly performed in the theatrical spaces that had survived the
2053:
2149:
Gaunt, Peter. "Cromwellian Britain - Lindsey House, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London." The Oliver Cromwell Website. The Cromwell Association, n.d. Web. 5 Feb 2013. <
1396:
2135:
Avery, Emmett L., and Arthur H. Scouten. The London Stage 1660-1700: A Critical Introduction. Arcturus Books. Southern Illinois University Press, 1968. Print.
780:
2181:
188:
828:
17:
32:
303:
2185:
1911:
960:
929:
845:
785:
888:
2226:
331:
popular including hosting the first paid performance of Purcell's Dido and Aeneas in 1700 and Handel's final two operas (Pedicord 41).
171:
real tennis courts were long, high-ceiling buildings, with galleries for spectators; their dimensions — about 75 by 30
3026:
2336:
2201:
Wilson, Edwin, and Alvin Goldfarb. Living Theatre: History of Theatre. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2012. Print.
1768:
1780:
462:
421:
led a company at the theatre until 1728. On 29 January 1728, Rich's theatre hosted the first, very successful, production of
809:
458:
464:
3021:
2886:
274:
3016:
2891:
361:
1133:
2219:
2311:
1497:
1449:
637:
601:
431:(making "Rich gay and Gay rich"). The theatre was abandoned in December 1732, when the company moved to the new
440:
2143:
1232:
365:
2378:
2370:
1473:
1365:
1317:
553:
548:
500:
2450:
454:
largely dashed these hopes, although he continued to stage plays at Lincoln's Inn for several more years.
2212:
2163:
Hotson, Leslie. The Commonwealth and Restoration Stage. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1928. Print.
1485:
1425:
1389:
1353:
1305:
1261:
1249:
1244:
821:
447:
96:
during two periods, 1661–1674 and 1695–1705. During the early period, the theatre was called
2690:
2301:
2291:
1869:
1208:
1020:
924:
685:
680:
661:
536:
417:
in August 1714 to obtain the necessary permission. Christopher Rich died in November 1714, but his son
2955:
2932:
2080:
1995:
1680:
1461:
1456:
1444:
1432:
948:
529:
414:
296:
1931:
Pepys first records attending "the Opera" on its fourth day of opening, to watch the second half of
2296:
1716:
1685:
1521:
1468:
1372:
1177:
1073:
996:
668:
232:
168:
244:
2810:
2610:
2594:
2482:
2466:
2084:
1876:
1848:
1816:
1804:
1760:
1420:
1408:
1068:
953:
797:
656:
220:
81:
2983:
2907:
2840:
2802:
2618:
2530:
2402:
2013:
1889:
1785:
1612:
1336:
1300:
1189:
1145:
1104:
1085:
1001:
977:
792:
736:
620:
584:
512:
488:
147:
338:, performed out of Lincoln's Inns Fields until 1671, when they relocated to the elaborate new
273:"continued acting 12 days without interruption with great applause" according to the prompter
2978:
2927:
2856:
2706:
2698:
2682:
2626:
2514:
2426:
1938:
1884:
1856:
1740:
1704:
1668:
1596:
1569:
1504:
1480:
912:
893:
852:
756:
432:
427:
339:
184:
2794:
2770:
2730:
2434:
2410:
2351:
1942:
1728:
1604:
1581:
1576:
1288:
1256:
1160:
984:
613:
608:
596:
418:
382:
2912:
8:
2881:
2762:
2642:
2554:
2394:
2386:
2068:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1967:
1946:
1933:
1864:
1557:
1329:
1056:
1044:
972:
864:
572:
476:
249:
208:
179:
175:— are similar to the earlier theatres, and much larger than a modern tennis court.
117:
93:
399:
The building went unused as a theatre from 1705 until it was refurbished again in 1714.
2418:
2235:
1721:
1692:
1673:
1661:
1564:
1552:
1437:
1413:
1360:
1312:
1268:
1152:
1116:
1092:
936:
876:
869:
692:
524:
451:
450:
at a time when he was trying to establish a third major theatre company in London. The
376:
279:
236:
2917:
2778:
2754:
2650:
2562:
2546:
2341:
2276:
2256:
1656:
1632:
1377:
1348:
1273:
1237:
1140:
1121:
1097:
1008:
900:
644:
560:
392:
212:
200:
192:
73:
in 1661. His troupe continued to perform there after his death in 1668, until 1671.
2947:
2822:
2714:
2674:
2658:
2602:
2458:
2321:
2266:
2166:
Langhans, Edward (2001). "The Post-1660 Theatres as Performance Spaces". Owen, Sue
2031:
1752:
1697:
1624:
1540:
1528:
1492:
1324:
1221:
1080:
1032:
1013:
989:
881:
804:
773:
589:
565:
541:
517:
493:
481:
335:
319:
204:
196:
66:
2150:
306:
visited the Lisle theatre in 1669, and his official diarist left us this account:
191:
were valid and created two companies to perform "legitimate drama" in London: the
2871:
2786:
2746:
2578:
2490:
2474:
2316:
2286:
2281:
1836:
1709:
1216:
1201:
1196:
724:
704:
649:
625:
577:
409:
323:
240:
216:
2861:
2666:
2522:
2506:
2361:
2326:
2058:
1821:
1792:
1648:
1588:
1401:
1341:
1128:
1037:
833:
816:
761:
744:
712:
697:
673:
632:
505:
353:
2198:
The Restoration Theater: From Tennis Court to Playhouse. 2004. Film. Jan 2013.
3010:
2922:
2866:
2722:
2331:
2261:
2063:
2004:
1841:
1828:
1773:
1733:
1617:
1545:
1516:
1280:
1225:
1172:
1109:
941:
905:
840:
768:
443:
400:
370:
291:
172:
47:
34:
2937:
2570:
2538:
2306:
2175:
Thomas Betterton and the Management of Lincoln's Inn Fields 1695–1708
1797:
1640:
1533:
1509:
1025:
255:
2963:
2738:
2586:
2498:
2442:
2271:
2243:
2026:
749:
729:
717:
155:
89:
2061:
on Monday 16 December 1661, having passed his first negative review, of
2835:
2251:
2156:
Hartnoll, Phyllis; Found, Peter (1996). "Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre"
1384:
1293:
357:
2876:
154:
The English stage, unlike French or Italian theatres, had a very deep
2634:
2204:
1184:
2942:
1981:
1809:
1745:
1165:
1061:
1049:
965:
917:
857:
422:
387:
315:
62:
2079:
Langhans p. 16. It was once believed that Cosimo III attended the
2990:
Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage
2973:
113:
70:
2140:
The Cambridge History of British Theatre: Volume 2, 1660 to 1885
285:
224:
85:
2177:. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press.
2995:
2830:
334:
Davenant died in 1668 and the Duke's Company, now under
2193:
The English Stage: A History of Drama and Performance
468:
374:. It was later the first venue for Congreve's plays
2051:one further time each, and finishing the year with
2120:John Rich: the man who built Covent Garden Theatre
3008:
239:used on the British public stage, and the first
2151:http://www.olivercromwell.org/lindsey_house.htm
1979:Milhous p. 19; Pepys records seeing Davenant's
435:, built by Rich using the capital generated by
1988:and on two other occasions in the next 8 days
2220:
2109:(London, John C Nimmo, 1889), vol. 2, p. 100
2158:The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre
2122:(Bramber, Barn End Press, 2016), pp. 16-20.
413:able to take advantage of the accession of
2227:
2213:
227:: converting tennis courts into theatres.
69:had Lisle's Tennis Court converted into a
195:of his brother, The Duke of York, led by
314:
277:in his "historical review of the stage"
123:
116:that would become a standard feature of
61:
1769:Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh
262:I went to the theatre and there I saw
14:
3009:
2234:
2083:in Bridges Street, not the theatre in
80:was a building off Portugal Street in
2208:
346:
162:
24:
18:Lincoln's Inn Fields (theatre)
2892:John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester
25:
3038:
2017:three times in 4 days in October
469:Selected premieres at the theatre
2350:
2168:A Companion to Restoration Drama
2188:site. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
2129:
2112:
2008:on Wednesday 11 September 1661
3027:1661 establishments in England
2142:. Cambridge University Press.
2099:
2090:
2073:
1973:
1961:
1952:
1925:
1916:
1904:
98:Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse
13:
1:
2195:. Cambridge University Press.
1985:, on Thursday 15 August 1661,
1897:
2379:The Adventures of Five Hours
2371:The Cutter of Coleman Street
2138:Donohue, Joseph ed. (2004).
2067:, on Monday 2 December 1661
549:The Adventures of Five Hours
501:The Cutter of Coleman Street
140:
7:
2107:Apology for the life of ...
1999:on Saturday 24 August 1661;
740:by Joseph Arrowsmith (1673)
27:Building in London, England
10:
3043:
3022:Theatres completed in 1661
2691:The Marriage-Hater Matched
2160:. Oxford University Press.
1636:by William Phillips (1724)
1592:by William Phillips (1722)
3017:Former theatres in London
2979:Restoration of Charles II
2900:
2849:
2821:
2359:
2348:
2242:
1996:Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
1968:The Diary of Samuel Pepys
1947:The Diary of Samuel Pepys
1832:by George Jeffreys (1731)
1764:by Richard Barford (1728)
1681:The Female Fortune Teller
1644:by George Jeffreys (1724)
459:Royal College of Surgeons
88:. Originally built as a
2173:Milhous, Judith (1979).
2054:Cutter of Coleman Street
1373:A Bold Stroke for a Wife
1212:by David Crauford (1704)
1156:by William Walker (1703)
997:The Ambitious Stepmother
669:Cambyses, King Of Persia
92:court, it was used as a
2595:A Commonwealth of Women
2180:Spiers, Rupert (2002).
1970:, Thursday 4 July 1661.
1880:by Francis Lynch (1737)
1877:The Independent Patriot
1849:The Married Philosopher
1284:by Charles Knipe (1715)
1069:The Ladies Visiting Day
681:The Six Days' Adventure
446:moved his company from
199:, and his company, the
2984:Second Anglo-Dutch War
2803:The Recruiting Officer
2403:She Would If She Could
1949:, Tuesday 2 July 1661.
1652:by Robert Hurst (1724)
1337:The Perfidious Brother
1301:The Cobbler of Preston
1105:The Governor of Cyprus
708:by Edward Revet (1671)
621:She Would If She Could
513:The Law Against Lovers
327:
313:
268:
148:Georgian Theatre Royal
74:
2707:The Canterbury Guests
2627:The Squire of Alsatia
2515:Friendship in Fashion
1860:by John Hewitt (1736)
1857:A Tutor for the Beaus
1756:by John Sturmy (1728)
1705:The Dissembled Wanton
1669:The Capricious Lovers
1608:by John Sturmy (1722)
1600:by John Sturmy (1722)
1505:The Imperial Captives
1481:The Half-Pay Officers
1469:'Tis Well if it Takes
913:The Innocent Mistress
894:Peter Anthony Motteux
853:The Deceiver Deceived
757:The Amorous Old Woman
433:Covent Garden Theatre
340:Dorset Garden Theatre
318:
308:
304:Cosimo III of Tuscany
260:
233:Gibbon's Tennis Court
137:Restoration theatre.
124:Historical background
65:
2969:Lincoln's Inn Fields
2811:The Beaux' Stratagem
2795:The Careless Husband
2771:The Way of the World
2191:Styan, John (1996).
2186:Restoration Theatres
2182:Indoor Tennis Courts
2170:. Oxford: Blackwell.
2085:Lincoln's Inn Fields
1943:Elizabeth of Bohemia
1941:and his great aunt,
1852:by John Kelly (1732)
1729:The Fall of Saguntum
1577:Hanging and Marriage
1289:The Northern Heiress
1257:The Perplexed Couple
1161:The Different Widows
985:The Way of the World
657:The Women's Conquest
609:The English Princess
383:The Way of the World
356:, performing out of
118:Restoration theatres
102:The Duke's Playhouse
82:Lincoln's Inn Fields
78:Lisle's Tennis Court
48:51.51528°N 0.11528°W
2763:The Constant Couple
2643:The Fortune Hunters
2619:A Fool's Preferment
2555:The London Cuckolds
2395:The Mulberry-Garden
2387:The Comical Revenge
2041:The Siege of Rhodes
1937:, attended by King
1934:The Siege of Rhodes
1910:Hartnoll. Portions
1865:All Alive and Merry
1628:by Jane Robe (1723)
1426:Christopher Bullock
1354:Christopher Bullock
1306:Christopher Bullock
1250:Christopher Bullock
1209:Love At First Sight
1057:The Double Distress
1045:The Czar of Muscovy
1021:Antiochus the Great
973:Friendship Improved
865:The Italian Husband
573:The Comical Revenge
477:The Siege of Rhodes
271:The Siege of Rhodes
250:The Siege of Rhodes
180:English Restoration
44: /
2451:Marriage Ă la mode
2419:Sir Solomon Single
2236:Restoration comedy
2034:twice in November,
1741:The Beggar's Opera
1693:Money the Mistress
1674:Gabriel Odingsells
1662:Gabriel Odingsells
1553:Fatal Extravagance
1457:Sir Walter Raleigh
1445:Kensington Gardens
1438:Charles Beckingham
1433:Henry IV of France
1414:Charles Beckingham
1397:The Lady's Triumph
1361:The Artful Husband
1313:Everybody Mistaken
1269:The Doating Lovers
1153:Marry, or Do Worse
1117:The Stolen Heiress
949:Rinaldo and Armida
937:Beauty in Distress
877:The Mourning Bride
870:Edward Ravenscroft
693:Herod and Mariamne
452:Licensing Act 1737
442:A few years later
437:The Beggar's Opera
428:The Beggar's Opera
377:The Mourning Bride
347:Betterton and Rich
328:
280:Roscius Anglicanus
163:The Duke's Company
75:
53:51.51528; -0.11528
3004:
3003:
2918:Comedy of manners
2779:Sir Harry Wildair
2755:Love and a Bottle
2731:Love's Last Shift
2651:The English Friar
2563:Sir Barnaby Whigg
2547:The Woman Captain
2411:An Evening's Love
2342:William Wycherley
2257:Susanna Centlivre
2011:; and Davenant's
1912:available online.
1717:Philip of Macedon
1657:The Bath Unmasked
1378:Susanna Centlivre
1349:Woman Is a Riddle
1274:Newburgh Hamilton
1245:A Woman's Revenge
1238:Susanna Centlivre
1141:The Fair Penitent
1122:Susanna Centlivre
1098:Susanna Centlivre
1009:The Fate of Capua
901:The Provoked Wife
645:The Sullen Lovers
561:The Slighted Maid
393:The Provoked Wife
258:notes on 4 July:
189:Letters of Patent
187:determined their
16:(Redirected from
3034:
2913:Chocolate houses
2901:Related articles
2882:James II and VII
2715:The Married Beau
2675:The Wives Excuse
2659:Sir Anthony Love
2603:Sir Courtly Nice
2483:The Plain-Dealer
2467:Love in the Dark
2459:The Country Wife
2354:
2322:Thomas Southerne
2267:William Congreve
2229:
2222:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2123:
2118:Jenkins, Terry:
2116:
2110:
2105:Cibber, Colley:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2077:
2071:
2032:Philip Massinger
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1805:The Wife of Bath
1761:The Virgin Queen
1698:Thomas Southerne
1625:The Fatal Legacy
1541:The Fair Captive
1522:Benjamin Griffin
1474:William Taverner
1409:Scipio Africanus
1366:William Taverner
1325:The Fatal Vision
1318:William Taverner
1222:William Congreve
1014:Thomas Southerne
990:William Congreve
961:The False Friend
882:William Congreve
829:The Country Wake
810:George Granville
805:The She-Gallants
781:The Lover's Luck
774:William Congreve
590:William Davenant
566:Robert Stapylton
542:Robert Stapylton
518:William Davenant
494:William Davenant
482:William Davenant
448:Goodman's Fields
366:William Congreve
362:Christopher Rich
336:Thomas Betterton
320:Thomas Betterton
299:opened in 1663.
205:Thomas Killigrew
197:William Davenant
100:, also known as
67:William Davenant
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
40:
37:
21:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2896:
2872:Marquis de Sade
2845:
2817:
2787:The Lying Lover
2747:The Campaigners
2579:City Politiques
2531:Tunbridge Wells
2491:The Man of Mode
2475:The Country Wit
2355:
2346:
2337:George Villiers
2317:Thomas Shadwell
2287:George Farquhar
2282:George Etherege
2238:
2233:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2078:
2074:
2014:Love and Honour
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1710:Leonard Welsted
1686:Charles Johnson
1217:Squire Trelooby
1202:George Farquhar
1197:The Stage Coach
1178:William Burnaby
1093:The Beau's Duel
1074:William Burnaby
978:Charles Hopkins
793:Cyrus the Great
737:The Reformation
725:The Assignation
705:The Town Shifts
650:Thomas Shadwell
626:George Etherege
578:George Etherege
489:Love and Honour
471:
410:British Journal
386:(1700) and for
349:
324:Godfrey Kneller
322:painted by Sir
241:proscenium arch
221:Salisbury Court
215:(including the
165:
143:
126:
106:The New Theatre
52:
50:
46:
43:
38:
35:
33:
31:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2862:Jeremy Collier
2859:
2853:
2851:
2850:Related people
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2699:The Volunteers
2695:
2687:
2683:Greenwich Park
2679:
2671:
2667:Love for Money
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2523:Squire Oldsapp
2519:
2511:
2507:A Fond Husband
2503:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2427:Love in a Wood
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2366:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Richard Steele
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:Charles Sedley
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2277:Thomas D'Urfey
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2189:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2144:Excerpt online
2136:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2089:
2072:
2059:Abraham Cowley
1972:
1960:
1958:Milhous p. 19.
1951:
1924:
1915:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1890:William Havard
1881:
1873:
1870:Samuel Johnson
1861:
1853:
1845:
1833:
1825:
1822:Lewis Theobald
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1649:The Roman Maid
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1609:
1601:
1597:The Compromise
1593:
1589:Hibernia Freed
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1486:Charles Molloy
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1402:Lewis Theobald
1393:
1390:Charles Molloy
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1342:Lewis Theobald
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1277:
1265:
1262:Charles Molloy
1253:
1241:
1229:
1213:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1149:
1137:
1129:As You Find It
1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1038:Charles Gildon
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
969:
957:
945:
933:
925:The Pretenders
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
834:Thomas Doggett
825:
817:The City Bride
813:
801:
789:
777:
765:
762:Thomas Duffett
753:
741:
733:
721:
709:
701:
698:Samuel Pordage
689:
677:
674:Elkanah Settle
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
581:
569:
557:
545:
537:The Stepmother
533:
521:
509:
506:Abraham Cowley
497:
485:
472:
470:
467:
354:United Company
348:
345:
201:King's Company
193:Duke's Company
164:
161:
142:
139:
125:
122:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3039:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2957:The Libertine
2954:
2952:
2950:
2949:The Libertine
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Dorset Garden
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Thomas Hobbes
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:Love for Love
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:The Rehearsal
2432:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:John Vanbrugh
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Robert Howard
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Edward Howard
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:Colley Cibber
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2102:
2096:Donohue p. 7.
2093:
2086:
2082:
2081:Theatre Royal
2076:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:The Mad Lover
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:Twelfth Night
2001:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1922:Styan p. 238.
1919:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:Philip Frowde
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:Samuel Madden
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:Eliza Haywood
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:Philip Frowde
1731:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:Elijah Fenton
1615:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:Love and Duty
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:Eliza Haywood
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1517:Whig and Tory
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1493:Hob's Wedding
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:George Sewell
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:A City Ramble
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1226:John Vanbrugh
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:Nicholas Rowe
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1173:Love Betrayed
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:Nicholas Rowe
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:Charles Boyle
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:John Oldmixon
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:Nicholas Rowe
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1033:Love's Victim
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:Nicholas Rowe
999:
998:
994:
991:
987:
986:
982:
979:
975:
974:
970:
967:
963:
962:
958:
955:
951:
950:
946:
943:
942:Peter Motteux
939:
938:
934:
931:
927:
926:
922:
919:
915:
914:
910:
907:
906:John Vanburgh
903:
902:
898:
895:
891:
890:
886:
883:
879:
878:
874:
871:
867:
866:
862:
859:
855:
854:
850:
847:
843:
842:
841:The City Lady
838:
835:
831:
830:
826:
823:
822:Joseph Harris
819:
818:
814:
811:
807:
806:
802:
799:
795:
794:
790:
787:
783:
782:
778:
775:
771:
770:
769:Love for Love
766:
763:
759:
758:
754:
751:
747:
746:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
727:
726:
722:
719:
715:
714:
710:
707:
706:
702:
699:
695:
694:
690:
687:
686:Edward Howard
683:
682:
678:
675:
671:
670:
666:
663:
662:Edward Howard
659:
658:
654:
651:
647:
646:
642:
639:
635:
634:
630:
627:
623:
622:
618:
615:
611:
610:
606:
603:
599:
598:
594:
591:
587:
586:
582:
579:
575:
574:
570:
567:
563:
562:
558:
555:
551:
550:
546:
543:
539:
538:
534:
531:
530:Thomas Porter
527:
526:
522:
519:
515:
514:
510:
507:
503:
502:
498:
495:
491:
490:
486:
483:
479:
478:
474:
473:
466:
465:
463:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
444:Henry Giffard
441:
438:
434:
430:
429:
424:
420:
416:
411:
406:
402:
401:Colley Cibber
397:
395:
394:
389:
385:
384:
379:
378:
373:
372:
371:Love for Love
367:
363:
359:
355:
344:
341:
337:
332:
325:
321:
317:
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
297:Theatre Royal
294:
293:
292:Twelfth Night
288:
287:
282:
281:
276:
272:
267:
265:
259:
257:
252:
251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
176:
174:
170:
160:
157:
152:
149:
138:
134:
130:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
19:
2988:
2968:
2956:
2948:
2938:Fleet Prison
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2571:The Royalist
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2539:A True Widow
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2307:Thomas Otway
2297:James Howard
2192:
2174:
2167:
2157:
2139:
2130:Bibliography
2119:
2114:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2075:
2062:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2025:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1980:
1975:
1963:
1954:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1906:
1883:
1875:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1835:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1798:George Lillo
1791:
1781:Themistocles
1779:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1575:
1570:Thomas Odell
1563:
1551:
1539:
1534:John Mottley
1527:
1515:
1510:John Mottley
1503:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1233:The Gamester
1231:
1215:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1026:Jane Wiseman
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
971:
959:
947:
935:
930:Thomas Dilke
923:
911:
899:
887:
875:
863:
851:
846:Thomas Dilke
839:
827:
815:
803:
791:
786:Thomas Dilke
779:
767:
755:
743:
735:
723:
711:
703:
691:
679:
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
456:
436:
426:
404:
398:
391:
381:
375:
369:
350:
333:
329:
309:
301:
290:
284:
278:
270:
269:
263:
261:
256:Samuel Pepys
248:
229:
177:
166:
153:
144:
135:
131:
127:
109:
105:
101:
97:
77:
76:
29:
2964:Libertinism
2887:Georg Monck
2739:The Relapse
2587:Dame Dobson
2499:Tom Essence
2443:Epsom Wells
2272:John Dryden
2244:Playwrights
2027:The Bondman
1722:David Lewis
1582:Henry Carey
1565:The Chimera
1421:The Traitor
954:John Dennis
889:The Novelty
750:John Dryden
730:John Dryden
718:John Crowne
638:Roger Boyle
614:John Caryll
602:Roger Boyle
554:Samuel Tuke
525:The Villain
380:(1697) and
275:John Downes
209:interregnum
169:Tudor-style
90:real tennis
51: /
3011:Categories
2933:Drury Lane
2857:Charles II
2823:Characters
2252:Aphra Behn
1939:Charles II
1898:References
1633:Belisarius
1558:Aaron Hill
1498:John Leigh
1450:John Leigh
1385:The Coquet
1330:Aaron Hill
1294:Mary Davys
798:John Banks
585:The Rivals
415:George 1st
390:'s comedy
358:Drury Lane
264:Claracilla
185:Charles II
178:After the
36:51°30′55″N
2635:Bury Fair
2611:Bellamira
2184:from the
1885:Charles I
1753:Sesostris
1529:Antiochus
1185:The Biter
1081:Tamerlane
419:John Rich
213:civil war
203:, led by
141:Structure
110:The Opera
94:playhouse
2943:Hedonism
2360:Notable
1982:The Wits
1837:Philotas
1810:John Gay
1746:John Gay
1613:Mariamne
1166:Mary Pix
1062:Mary Pix
1050:Mary Pix
966:Mary Pix
918:Mary Pix
858:Mary Pix
597:Mustapha
423:John Gay
396:(1697).
388:Vanbrugh
39:0°6′55″W
2877:Molière
1817:Orestes
745:Amboyna
713:Juliana
633:Tryphon
405:Apology
403:in his
302:Prince
237:scenery
217:Cockpit
114:scenery
71:theatre
2959:(film)
2951:(1994)
2908:Bedlam
2814:(1707)
2806:(1706)
2798:(1704)
2790:(1703)
2782:(1701)
2774:(1700)
2766:(1699)
2758:(1698)
2750:(1698)
2742:(1696)
2734:(1696)
2726:(1695)
2718:(1694)
2710:(1694)
2702:(1692)
2694:(1692)
2686:(1691)
2678:(1691)
2670:(1691)
2662:(1690)
2654:(1690)
2646:(1689)
2638:(1689)
2630:(1688)
2622:(1688)
2614:(1687)
2606:(1685)
2598:(1685)
2590:(1683)
2582:(1683)
2574:(1682)
2566:(1681)
2558:(1681)
2550:(1679)
2542:(1678)
2534:(1678)
2526:(1678)
2518:(1678)
2510:(1677)
2502:(1676)
2494:(1676)
2486:(1676)
2478:(1676)
2470:(1675)
2462:(1675)
2454:(1672)
2446:(1672)
2438:(1671)
2430:(1671)
2422:(1670)
2414:(1668)
2406:(1668)
2398:(1668)
2390:(1664)
2382:(1663)
2374:(1661)
2047:Hamlet
1892:(1737)
1872:(1736)
1844:(1731)
1829:Merope
1824:(1731)
1812:(1730)
1800:(1730)
1793:Sylvia
1788:(1729)
1776:(1729)
1748:(1728)
1736:(1727)
1724:(1727)
1712:(1726)
1700:(1726)
1688:(1726)
1676:(1725)
1664:(1725)
1620:(1723)
1584:(1722)
1572:(1721)
1560:(1721)
1548:(1721)
1536:(1721)
1524:(1720)
1512:(1720)
1500:(1720)
1488:(1720)
1476:(1719)
1464:(1719)
1452:(1719)
1440:(1719)
1428:(1718)
1416:(1718)
1404:(1718)
1392:(1718)
1380:(1718)
1368:(1717)
1356:(1716)
1344:(1716)
1332:(1716)
1320:(1716)
1308:(1716)
1296:(1716)
1276:(1715)
1264:(1715)
1252:(1715)
1240:(1705)
1228:(1704)
1204:(1704)
1192:(1704)
1180:(1703)
1168:(1703)
1148:(1703)
1136:(1703)
1124:(1702)
1112:(1702)
1100:(1702)
1088:(1701)
1076:(1701)
1064:(1701)
1052:(1701)
1040:(1701)
1028:(1701)
1016:(1700)
1004:(1700)
992:(1700)
980:(1699)
968:(1699)
956:(1698)
944:(1698)
932:(1698)
920:(1697)
908:(1697)
896:(1697)
884:(1697)
872:(1697)
860:(1697)
848:(1696)
836:(1696)
824:(1696)
812:(1695)
800:(1695)
788:(1695)
776:(1695)
764:(1674)
752:(1673)
732:(1672)
720:(1671)
700:(1671)
688:(1671)
676:(1671)
664:(1670)
652:(1668)
640:(1668)
628:(1668)
616:(1667)
604:(1665)
592:(1664)
580:(1664)
568:(1663)
556:(1663)
544:(1663)
532:(1662)
520:(1662)
508:(1661)
496:(1661)
484:(1661)
286:Hamlet
225:France
86:London
2923:Court
2836:Spark
2362:plays
2153:>.
1641:Edwin
245:Wings
156:apron
2974:Mode
2841:Rake
2045:and
1224:and
289:and
219:and
211:and
173:feet
2996:Wit
2831:Fop
2057:by
2030:by
1888:by
1868:by
1840:by
1820:by
1808:by
1796:by
1784:by
1772:by
1744:by
1732:by
1720:by
1708:by
1696:by
1684:by
1672:by
1660:by
1616:by
1580:by
1568:by
1556:by
1544:by
1532:by
1520:by
1508:by
1496:by
1484:by
1472:by
1460:by
1448:by
1436:by
1424:by
1412:by
1400:by
1388:by
1376:by
1364:by
1352:by
1340:by
1328:by
1316:by
1304:by
1292:by
1272:by
1260:by
1248:by
1236:by
1220:by
1200:by
1188:by
1176:by
1164:by
1144:by
1132:by
1120:by
1108:by
1096:by
1084:by
1072:by
1060:by
1048:by
1036:by
1024:by
1012:by
1000:by
988:by
976:by
964:by
952:by
940:by
928:by
916:by
904:by
892:by
880:by
868:by
856:by
844:by
832:by
820:by
808:by
796:by
784:by
772:by
760:by
748:by
728:by
716:by
696:by
684:by
672:by
660:by
648:by
636:by
624:by
612:by
600:by
588:by
576:by
564:by
552:by
540:by
528:by
516:by
504:by
492:by
480:by
425:'s
368:'s
243:.
108:or
84:in
3013::
2039:,
2024:;
2002:;
1993:;
1945::
120:.
104:,
2228:e
2221:t
2214:v
2146:.
2087:.
2070:.
461:.
439:.
326:.
231:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
