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198:. The climax of the conflict came when Captain Samuel Bogart of the Missouri state militia took 3 Mormon men as prisoners, fearing the Mormons were going to raze Richmond and Liberty. Rumors consequently spread through Far West that a "mob" was going to execute the 3 men, and the tensions culminated in October 1838 when Mormon militia forces engaged the state militia unit on the banks of
485:
Food was scanty, of poor quality and frequently poisoned. Some of the prisoners suspected that they were sometimes fed human flesh, but comments by the guards regarding "Mormon beef" probably had reference to cattle stolen from the
Mormons. Their friends on the outside were occasionally able to bring
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The only openings in the lower level were two iron barred windows, two feet wide and six inches (152 mm) high, and an opening in the ceiling to the upper room with a heavy wooden door. The upper room had two larger iron barred windows, two feet wide by one foot tall, along with a heavy oak door.
315:
Many residents of
Liberty and the surrounding area turned out to watch their arrival and some expressed their disappointment in their ordinary appearance. As the prisoners climbed the stairs and entered the jail, Smith paused on the platform at the top of the stairs, turned to face the crowd, raised
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The outer walls were stone masonry construction, two feet thick. The inner walls and ceilings were hewn oak logs, about a foot square. There was about a foot of space between the outside masonry walls and the inside oak walls. This space and the space above the upper ceiling were filled with loose
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Liberty Jail was double walled with a timber structure. The exterior dimensions of the jail were twenty-two and a half feet long, twenty-two feet wide, and twelve feet tall. Inside dimensions were fourteen and a half feet by fourteen feet. The building was divided into two levels, with a six and a
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During the hearing, Smith and his companions were not permitted to call witnesses for their defense, as sometimes was allowed during such proceedings, and were abused in various ways. On or about
November 30, 1838, the Richmond court committed Smith and his companions,
256:
General
Doniphan refused to obey the order: "It is cold-blooded murder. I will not obey your order. My brigade shall march for Liberty tomorrow morning at 8 o'clock; and if you execute these men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God."
461:
half foot ceiling in the lower level and a seven-foot ceiling in the upper room. Note:[average temperatures in
Carthage: Nov. 1838 F. 38.5, C. 3.6; Dec. 1838 F. 27.4, C. - 2.6; Jan. 1839 F. 37.2, C. 2.9; Feb. 1839 F. 38.5, C 3.6 Statistics taken from
131:
should be located there, settlers in the area feared that they would lose political control of the county to the growing numbers of immigrating
Mormons. Tensions led to violence when a battle between the two groups broke out on the banks of the
248:
A secret and illegal court martial was held following Smith's surrender. Smith and his companions were not aware of the proceeding until after it was over. At about midnight on
November 1, General Lucas issued the following order to General
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had been appointed by
Governor Boggs to enforce the extermination order. He arrived and took command of the combined force on November 4. On November 5, he had an additional 56 men arrested and gave a speech in the public square at
854:
Williams, Frederick G., The Life of Dr. Frederick G. Williams: Counselor to the
Prophet Joseph Smith (BYU Studies 2012) pp. 564-65; Cottle, Thomas D. and Patricia C., Liberty Jail and the Legacy of Joseph (1998) pp.
1014:
83:
between
December 1834 and 1853. The jail is known in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints due to the imprisonment of Church president Joseph Smith and some of his associates during the
269:. He outlined the terms of the treaty that General Lucas had previously negotiated which stripped the Mormons of all their arms and property, and required them to leave the state immediately.
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194:, in which men would be killed and property destroyed by both sides. Increasing vigilantism on both sides led to the burning of several farms and homes, and also of the towns of Gallatin and
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217:: "The Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace ... their outrages are beyond all description."
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The jail was torn down although the walls of the dungeon were still visible when a house was built over it. In 1939, the property was purchased by the LDS Church and in 1963
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which was recorded by Caleb Baldwin and Alexander McRae. Parts of the letter were canonized and are today known in the LDS canon as Sections 121, 122, and 123 of the
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was released from jail following an eloquent self-defence in the Clay County Courthouse. Because of threats, however, he stayed at the jail until February 5, 1839.
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253:: "Sir:-- You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square at Far West, and shoot them at 9 o-clock tomorrow morning."
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Non-Mormon settlers in Daviess County, fearing that they would lose control of the county, attempted to prevent Mormons from voting during the
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presided over the establishment of a partial reconstruction of the jail wholly within a museum. The reconstructed jail includes a front
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Smith and his companions were imprisoned in Liberty Jail for four and a half months during the coldest part of the Missouri winter.
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136:. In November 1833, the Mormons were violently driven from Independence and compelled to resettle temporarily in Clay County.
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talks about expectations for Smith's present and future circumstances and God's promise that he will always be with him.
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facade on the east side and a cut away on the west side so visitors see the upper area and the lower dungeon which has
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While Smith and his companions were incarcerated in the lower dungeon room, the upper room was used by their guards.
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572:(previously known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) after 1888, and was purchased by
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No bedding was provided, so the prisoners slept on the stone floor with only a bit of loose straw for comfort.
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that "they would massacre every man, woman and child" if Smith and several others were not given up. Smith,
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came with Presendia H. Buell, but the jailer, concerned that tools could be passed, denied them entrance.
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On April 6, 1839, Smith and the prisoners were transferred to the Daviess County Jail in Gallatin where a
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representing Smith and the other prisoners. A replica of the Liberty Jail was constructed in 2014 at the
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Joseph Smith, letter to Edward Partridge and Church members, 20 March 1839, LDS Church History Library
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on March 5, 2024, as part of a larger transfer of historically significant properties and artifacts.
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was banished after leaving the Garden of Eden, and that it would be a gathering spot prior to the
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In 1836, Smith's followers then moved 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Liberty to establish
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History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Period 1 (1948) Vol. III, p 257
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On May 18, 1838, Smith proclaimed that the land around Wight's ferry was the area to which
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The prisoners were allowed visitors from time to time. Alexander McRae recorded visits by
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On March 20, 1839, while incarcerated in Liberty Jail, Joseph Smith dictated a letter to
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922:"Frequently Asked Questions Clarify the Transfer of Sacred Sites and Historic Documents"
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while the fourth guard helped them saddle their horses for the escape. They arrived in
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Mary Smith visited her husband Hyrum Smith in February with their three-month-old son,
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in Salt Lake City, Utah. The door to the original jail passed into the ownership of
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begins with Smith asking God for help with the difficulties being experienced by
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General Samuel D. Lucas, leading a militia of 2500 men informed the Mormons at
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Outside the door was a small platform with a stairway down to ground level.
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on August 6, 1838. This was the first skirmish in what became known as the
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465:. gov/media/lsx/climate/stl/temp/temp_stl_monthly_seasonal_averages.pdf]
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his hat and said, "Good afternoon, gentlemen" before entering the jail.
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instructs Latter Day Saints to document their difficulties and ask the
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The Historical Record, Andrew Jenson, ed. (1888) Vol 7 & 8 p. 670
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The Historical Record, Andrew Jenson, ed. (1888) Vol 7 & 8 p. 667
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also visited her husband Joseph multiple times with their children.
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Historic sites of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Properties of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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and a force of seventy men took Smith and his companions to
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Missouri
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On April 15, 1839, en route to Boone County, Joseph Smith,
374:, in the northeast corner of the state near the village of
978:
Letter to the Church and Edward Partridge, 20 March 1839
633:"Joseph Smith/Prophet/Garden of Eden in Missouri - FAIR"
338:
was investigating. The grand jury was to indict them on
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Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United States
895:"11 fascinating images of Latter-day Saint artifacts"
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836:
The Refiner's Fire, Alvin R. Dyer, (1978) p. 281-282
79:, United States, which served as the county jail of
875:"Mormon church's History Museum closing for a year"
676:
History of Caldwell and Livingston Counties, p. 140
151:moved about 15 miles (24 km) further north to
90:The location is now a visitors’ center operated by
1565:Expulsion of Mormons from Jackson County, Missouri
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883:, 26 September 2014. Retrieved on 16 April 2021.
720:The Refiner's Fire, Alvin R. Dyer, (1978) p. 272
698:The Refiner's Fire, Alvin R. Dyer, (1978) p. 257
401:, on April 22 and from there were to regroup at
292:The defense attorneys consisted of Doniphan and
209:Following this engagement, on October 27, 1838,
926:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
791:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
658:Life of Heber C. Kimball, Whitney (1888) p. 229
574:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
543:Liberty Jail in its deteriorating state in 1888
366:. Smith and the followers were to appeal for a
92:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
864:The Refiner's Fire, Alvin R. Dyer (1978) p 289
814:"Liberty Jail - The Encyclopedia of Mormonism"
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598:, Topeka, : Historical Pub. Co., p. 91,
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155:, where Wight established a ferry across the
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60:Exterior of Liberty Jail Visitors' Center
1665:History of the Latter Day Saint movement
1038:Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site
974:Liberty Jail, Clay County, Missouri, USA
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1117:Washington D.C. Temple Visitors' Center
445:federal government of the United States
111:, were among the first settlers in the
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764:Dale R. Broadhurst's Mormon Chronology
308:, Alexander McRae, Caleb Baldwin, and
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52:Partial reconstruction of Liberty Jail
1685:Latter Day Saint movement in Missouri
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740:"Jail was Prison-Temple for Prophet"
378:. However, the venue was changed to
1725:Mormon museums in the United States
1700:Prison museums in the United States
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1484:New Zealand Temple Visitors' Center
1479:Mexico City Temple Visitors' Center
1419:Laie Hawaii Temple Visitors' Center
794:, 2021. Retrieved on 16 April 2021.
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1449:St. George Temple Visitors' Center
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1695:Museums in Clay County, Missouri
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1559:The Evening and the Morning Star
1501:Latter Day Saint movement Portal
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1383:Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument
1107:Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial
958:Latter Day Saint movement portal
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595:History of Clay County, Missouri
1715:Significant places in Mormonism
1690:Mormonism-related controversies
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647:The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri
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107:Followers of Joseph Smith from
1429:Mormon Battalion Historic Site
1378:Granite Mountain Records Vault
1338:Church Administration Building
1333:Joseph Smith Memorial Building
1199:Independence (Zion) Temple Lot
893:Toone, Trent (April 1, 2021).
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113:Kansas City metropolitan area
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966:Historic Sites: Liberty Jail
786:"The Doctrine and Covenants"
188:Gallatin Election Day Battle
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1670:History museums in Missouri
1660:Defunct prisons in Missouri
1630:Boggs assassination attempt
1097:Priesthood Restoration Site
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470:rock to discourage escape.
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245:surrendered on November 1.
215:Missouri Executive Order 44
68:Painting depicting the jail
10:
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1444:Polynesian Cultural Center
1388:This is the Place Monument
1146:Joseph Smith Mansion House
667:History of Caldwell County
441:Doctrine and Covenants 123
437:Doctrine and Covenants 122
425:Doctrine and Covenants 121
323:Change of venue and escape
251:Alexander William Doniphan
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153:Daviess County, Missouri
121:Jackson County, Missouri
75:is a historical jail in
1610:Battle of Crooked River
1343:Relief Society Building
1232:Mormon Pioneer Cemetery
1151:Nauvoo Visitors' Center
372:Marion County, Missouri
277:On November 9, Colonel
204:Battle of Crooked River
34:39.248523°N 94.420753°W
1414:Farmington Rock Chapel
1393:Brigham Young Monument
1373:Church History Library
1363:Family History Library
1328:Church Office Building
1112:Peter Whitmer log home
1075:Newel K. Whitney Store
972:Ensign Peak Foundation
592:W. H. Woodson (1920),
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517:, Alanson Ripley, and
419:Doctrine and Covenants
380:Boone County, Missouri
69:
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1368:Church History Museum
1348:Brigham Young Complex
1259:Kanesville Tabernacle
880:The Salt Lake Tribune
566:Church History Museum
554:Joseph Fielding Smith
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523:Frederick G. Williams
486:them wholesome food.
327:On January 25, 1839,
134:Blue River (Missouri)
81:Clay County, Missouri
67:
59:
51:
39:39.248523; -94.420753
1620:Hawn's Mill massacre
1184:Far West Temple Site
707:LeSueur, Stephen C.
685:LeSueur, Stephen C.
645:LeSueur, Stephen C.
433:unrighteous dominion
287:Austin Augustus King
103:Missouri settlements
1615:Extermination Order
1469:Gadfield Elm Chapel
1227:Mormon Trail Center
980:Joseph Smith Papers
570:Community of Christ
463:https://www.weather
294:David Rice Atchison
273:Preliminary hearing
30: /
1580:Far West, Missouri
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513:, Benjamin Covey,
376:Commerce, Illinois
283:Richmond, Missouri
262:John Bullock Clark
243:George W. Robinson
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429:Latter Day Saints
77:Liberty, Missouri
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409:Smith's writings
399:Quincy, Illinois
221:Smith surrenders
211:Lilburn W. Boggs
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1052:Sacred Grove
1043:Hill Cumorah
930:. Retrieved
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904:. Retrieved
900:Deseret News
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748:. Retrieved
746:. 1989-03-11
744:Deseret News
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521:. In March,
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117:Independence
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73:Liberty Jail
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15:
1595:Salt sermon
1570:Zion's Camp
1209:Hawn's Mill
818:eom.byu.edu
548:Restoration
515:James Sloan
391:Lyman Wight
387:Hyrum Smith
306:Lyman Wight
302:Hyrum Smith
239:Lyman Wight
157:Grand River
149:Lyman Wight
37: /
1654:Categories
1553:Temple Lot
1357:Lion House
1297:Tabernacle
823:2016-01-18
750:2010-04-16
711:, pg. 197.
580:References
562:mannequins
534:Emma Smith
478:Conditions
336:grand jury
182:Mormon War
176:Millennium
25:94°25′15″W
22:39°14′55″N
1409:Cove Fort
1022:Northeast
932:March 12,
906:March 12,
558:limestone
159:north of
1462:Non-U.S.
1176:Missouri
1063:Kirtland
855:204-205.
649:, pg. 1.
620:6637053M
604:21015581
493:Visitors
451:The Jail
364:stealing
348:burglary
267:Far West
260:General
227:Far West
196:Millport
161:Gallatin
141:Far West
127:and the
1312:Gardens
1130:Midwest
1030:Palmyra
612:8244981
395:whiskey
356:larceny
344:treason
98:History
1590:Danite
1138:Nauvoo
618:
610:
602:
403:Nauvoo
362:, and
340:murder
241:, and
1402:Other
1322:Organ
1247:Other
1090:Other
360:theft
352:arson
1272:West
934:2024
908:2024
608:OCLC
600:LCCN
172:Adam
370:to
163:at
143:in
1656::
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616:OL
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