411:." Yang responded, "In the first and second years, Zheng Tan and Chen Yixing were in power. In the third and fourth years, your subject and Li Jue joined them. Of course, the crime is mine." He then stated, "I do not dare to again enter the Office of the Chancellors!" He withdrew from Emperor Wenzong's presence. Emperor Wenzong subsequently sent a eunuch to comfort him, and Zheng partially apologized, stating, "Your subject is foolish. I did not intend to point at Yang Sifu, but Yang Sifu's reaction shows that he has no tolerance for me." Yang responded, "Zheng Tan stated that the governance is deteriorating year by year. This does not only incriminate your subject, but also speaks ill of your holy virtues." Yang then submitted multiple offers to resign. Soon thereafter, Zheng and Chen were stripped of their chancellor posts. Meanwhile, when Emperor Wenzong discussed with Li Jue how the start of Emperor Dezong's reign was considered one with good governance, Li Jue pointed out that the problems with the late stages of Emperor Dezong's reign was that he was extracting tributes from the circuits and that administrators were therefore able to extract additional amounts beyond the tributes. When Emperor Wenzong discussed lowering the tax burden, Li Jue endorsed the idea, arguing that that was what was done under Emperor Wenzong's highly regarded ancestor
403:. Yang and Li Jue thereafter recommended Du to be the ministry of census. Chen responded, "Such orders should come from the Emperor. In the past, those who lost stately sovereignty did so by losing their authorities to their subjects." Li Jue responded, "Your Imperial Majesty had told me previously that an Emperor should select chancellors, not suspect them." In a subsequent discussion, Chen again emphasized that the Emperor should not yield authority to his subjects. Li Jue, offended, responded, "Chen Yixing is obviously suspecting that there are chancellors who are stealing power from Your Imperial Majesty. I have often requested retirement, and I would be fortunate to be given a post as an imperial prince's teacher." Zheng then stated, "Your Imperial Majesty ruled well in the first and second years of the
396:, both opposed. It was said that from this point, Yang and Li Jue were often in a factional struggle against Chen and Zheng, causing Emperor Wenzong to be unable to rule on their proposals easily. Meanwhile, as Emperor Wenzong had a love of poetry, he considered establishing imperial scholar positions dedicated to the study of poetry, but Li Jue opposed, pointing out that the popular poetry at the time were stylistically elegant but devoid of content. Emperor Wenzong thus did not carry out his original idea.
472:), who were not consulted, opposed Li Chengmei, and therefore, despite Li Jue's objection, forged an edict in Emperor Wenzong's name, demoting Li Chengmei back to being the Prince of Chen, while creating another younger brother of Emperor Wenzong's, Li Chan the Prince of Ying, crown prince. Emperor Wenzong soon died, and Li Chan became emperor (as Emperor Wuzong). At Qiu's urging, Emperor Wuzong ordered Li Rong, Li Chengmei, and Consort Yang to commit suicide.
547:. Emperor Xuānzong, who despised Li Deyu, sent him out of the capital, and began to move the five chancellors that Emperor Wuzong had exiled — Niu Sengru, Li Zongmin, Cui Gong, Yang Sifu, and Li Jue — closer to the capital. In Li Jue's case, he was made the prefect of Chen Prefecture. In 848, Li Jue was recalled to Chang'an to serve as the minister of census (戶部尚書,
234:, increased the tea tax by 50%. Li Jue submitted a petition, arguing that the tax rate was too high, but his argument was not accepted, as Wang Bo had increased the tax in order to pay for Emperor Muzong's palace construction projects. As Li Jue's repeated advice was not accepted, he left the capital
480:
As
Emperor Wenzong's burial was being planned, Li Jue was put in charge of overseeing the planning. As Emperor Wenzong's casket was taken to the imperial tomb, on the way, due to a pothole on the road, the wheels dropped, and Emperor Wuzong considered this Li Jue's fault and removed him from the
527:), to order Yang and Li Jue to commit suicide as well. At Du Cong's urging, as Du pointed out that Emperor Wuzong should not become accustomed to killing officials so easily, Li Deyu interceded, along with Chen Yixing (who was again chancellor by this point) and other chancellors
512:
Meanwhile, Qiu
Shiliang, who resented Liu Hongyi and Xue Jileng deeply, continued to make allegations against them, and in 841, Emperor Wuzong, believing in those allegations, ordered them to commit suicide, and also sent eunuchs to Gui Prefecture and
391:
was said to despise Yang Sifu and offered to resign, but Chen's request to resign was not accepted by
Emperor Wenzong. Further, as Yang advocated for Li Zongmin, who had been exiled, to be moved closer to the capital, and Chen and another chancellor,
497:, Hunan). (It was said, however, that it was actually because Emperor Wuzong knew that Li Jue and Yang Sifu did not support him that they were removed from chancellor positions.) Emperor Wuzong subsequently recalled the former chancellor
501:, a leader of the Li Faction (indeed, which was named after him, while the Niu faction was named after Niu Sengru), to serve as the leading chancellor. Li Jue was subsequently sent out of Chang'an to serve as the governor (觀察使,
165:, subsequently invited Li Jue to serve on his staff. After Li Jue later passed a special examination for those making good rulings, he was made the sheriff of Weinan County (渭南, in modern Weinan). He was eventually made
442:
the Prince of An as the new crown prince. When
Emperor Wenzong consulted the chancellors, Li Jue opposed the proposal. As a result, late in 839, Emperor Wenzong created Emperor Jingzong's youngest son
365:
was chancellor, Li Guyan, who was friendly with him, had him recalled to Chang'an to again serve as the deputy minister of census. In 838, apparently at Li Guyan's recommendation, Li Jue and
535:. Emperor Wuzong relented, and both Yang and Li Jue were spared of their lives, but further exiled — in Li Jue's case, to be the prefect of Zhao Prefecture (昭州, also in modern Guilin).
281:, impressed with him, stated, "He is someone who is capable of cleaning up the government halls. Why have him just serve as someone who attacks?" Li Jue was subsequently made
331:). In fall 835, after Li Zongmin offended Emperor Wenzong and was removed from his post, and Li Jue also offended Emperor Wenzong and Emperor Wenzong's close associate
399:
In 839, there was a major argument that led to the removals of Chen and Zheng. Emperor
Wenzong had praised the talents of the acting director of finances,
123:, Jiangsu). He lost his father early, and he was said to have served his mother with well-known filial piety. After attaining adulthood, he passed the
991:
1021:
996:
769:
Wu
Chongyin served as the military governor of Heyang Circuit from 810 to 818, so Li Jue's service under him must have been late in that stint. See
195:. That year, shortly after Emperor Muzong ended his mourning period for his father, he wanted to hold a grand feast in honor of the great generals
1016:
203:. Li Jue, believing this to be inappropriate so soon after Emperor Xianzong's death, submitted a petition jointly with his colleagues Yuwen Ding (
1011:
827:
As Niu served as the military governor of
Wuchang from 825 to 830, Li Jue's service under him must be during that period. See
1006:
844:
As Wei served as chancellor from 827 to his death in 829, his comments about Li Jue must have been during those years. See
143:, Shaanxi), saw Li Jue, he stated to Li Jue that it was inappropriate for someone as talented as he to have only passed the
559:, Jiangsu). He was also created the Duke of Zanhuang. He died in 852, or possibly 853, and was given posthumous honors.
551:). He subsequently served stints as the military governor of Heyang Circuit and minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書,
335:
by refusing to meet with Zheng, he was sent out of the capital to serve as the prefect of Jiang
Prefecture (江州, in modern
227:), urging against it. It was said that while Emperor Muzong did not accept their advice, he treated them with kindness.
965:
961:
957:
953:
913:
897:
868:
790:
689:
752:
Li Jiang was only briefly the prefect of Hua
Prefecture, in 815, so it must be at that time that Li Jue met him. See
602:
238:
to serve as the magistrate of Xiagui County (下邽, in modern Weinan). Later, during the reign of
Emperor Muzong's son
667:
327:), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau. In summer 835, he was made the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎,
361:. He was subsequently made the mayor of Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the Luoyang region). In 837, by which time
653:
even attempted to date Li Jue's death to the month, that date will be used here (with an assumption that only the
612:
579:
There are issues in Li Jue's death date, and therefore birth date. According to the chronicles of the reign of
431:. It was said that Emperor Wenzong appreciated Li Jue's advice, and he created Li Jue the Baron of Zanhuang.
941:
929:
849:
832:
774:
757:
646:
632:
589:, which is the only official historical source that gave a particular date for his death, Li Jue died on the
462:) summon Yang Sifu and Li Jue to the palace, to entrust Li Chengmei to them. However, the powerful eunuchs
346:, had been killed after failing in a plot that they hatched with Emperor Wenzong to slaughter the powerful
74:. He claimed ancestry from the eastern branch of the prominent Li clan of Zhao Commandery (趙郡, in modern
580:
544:
1001:
424:
59:
47:
555:), before eventually serving as the military governor of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern
90:. However, Li Jue's ancestry was not conclusively traceable past his fifth-generation ancestor Li E (
514:
313:) and was put in charge of drafting edicts; he was thereafter also made an imperial scholar (翰林學士,
239:
192:
412:
347:
264:
51:
435:
188:
71:
55:
79:
267:, Li Jue was recalled to Chang'an to serve as a low-level imperial censor with the title of
981:
450:
In spring 840, Emperor Wenzong became gravely ill. He had his trusted eunuchs Liu Hongyi (
231:
200:
124:
493:) was demoted to be the military advisor to the prefect of Chen Prefecture (郴州, in modern
8:
986:
136:
487:), while the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region), Jing Xin (
110:) served as a military advisor to a prefectural prefect, while his father Li Zhongshu (
263:
At some point, probably early during the reign of Emperor Jingzong's younger brother
936:
924:
637:
585:
439:
354:
683:
616:
606:
246:
served as the military governor of Wuchang Circuit (武昌, headquartered in modern
948:
739:
175:), a low-level advisory official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省,
975:
693:
416:
20:
463:
351:
97:
83:
75:
43:
151:
examinations, and Li Jue passed with high scores. The military governor (
116:) served as an assistant to the director of the iron and salt monopolies.
671:
444:
388:
343:
235:
196:
162:
101:
182:
593:
day of the seventh month of the sixth year (852) of Emperor Xuānzong's
342:
In 836 — after Zheng and another close associate of Emperor Wenzong's,
296:
278:
243:
120:
434:
With Li Yong having died in 838, Emperor Wenzong's favorite concubine
641:
did not give a death date at all, but gave his death age as 68. See
609:
428:
393:
366:
332:
379:), and Li Jue also continued to serve as deputy minister of census.
556:
528:
521:, Hunan), where Yang was serving as the governor of Hunan Circuit (
518:
494:
420:
362:
336:
153:
58:. He was considered one of the leaders of the Niu Faction in the
735:
532:
498:
400:
358:
158:
506:
140:
481:
chancellor position; Li Jue was made the minister of worship (
119:
In his youth, Li Jue's family lived in Huaiyin (淮陰, in modern
649:. As only the chronicles of Emperor Xuānzong's reign in the
247:
87:
70:
Li Jue was born in 784, or possibly 785, during the reign of
139:, who was then the prefect of Hua Prefecture (華州, in modern
42:), was a Chinese military general and politician during the
543:
In 846, Emperor Wuzong died and was succeeded by his uncle
509:, Guangxi) and the prefect of its capital Gui Prefecture.
350:— Li Jue was made an advisor to Emperor Wenzong's son and
309:), a supervisory official at the ministry of census (戶部,
357:, but ordered to have his office at the eastern capital
250:, Hubei), he invited Li Jue to serve as his secretary.
291:), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部,
131:
class, which was not considered as prestigious as the
407:
era , while less so in the third and fourth years of
183:
During Emperor Muzong's and Emperor Jingzong's reigns
295:). In 831, by which time Niu Sengru and Niu's ally
627:era (853), but did not give a month or a day. See
538:
230:In 821, the director of salt and iron monopolies,
253:
157:) of Heyang Circuit (河陽, headquartered in modern
973:
475:
505:) of Gui District (桂管, headquartered in modern
623:indicated that he died in the seventh year of
65:
522:
488:
482:
467:
457:
451:
374:
322:
304:
286:
272:
222:
216:
210:
204:
191:became emperor after the death of his father
170:
147:class, so he recommended Li Jue to enter the
111:
105:
91:
37:
27:
575:
573:
571:
299:were chancellors, Li Jue was promoted to be
387:Immediately, Li Jue's chancellor colleague
369:were made chancellors with the designation
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
860:
858:
78:, Hebei), which claimed ancestry from the
992:Chancellors under Emperor Wenzong of Tang
568:
1022:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Huainan Circuit
997:Chancellors under Emperor Wuzong of Tang
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
258:
187:In 820, Emperor Dezong's great-grandson
54:and (briefly) Emperor Wenzong's brother
1017:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Heyang Circuit
874:
855:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
562:
974:
780:
438:recommended Emperor Wenzong's brother
698:
796:
610:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.
135:class. When the former chancellor
13:
1012:Tang dynasty generals from Jiangsu
14:
1033:
447:the Prince of Chen crown prince.
382:
371:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
104:. His grandfather Li Guangchao (
96:), who held a ducal title during
605:— but no such day existed. See
903:
838:
539:During Emperor Xuānzong's reign
821:
763:
746:
727:
660:
254:During Emperor Wenzong's reign
1:
635:. Li Jue's biography in the
476:During Emperor Wuzong's reign
242:, when the former chancellor
7:
66:Background and early career
19:(李珏 or 李玨) (c. 784?-852?),
10:
1038:
619:Li Jue's biography in the
60:Niu-Li Factional Struggles
668:"漢川草廬-二十四史-新唐書-卷七十二‧表第十二"
523:
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223:
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205:
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317:). In 833, he was made
240:Emperor Jingzong of Tang
100:'s predecessor dynasty
34:Duke Zhenmu of Zanhuang
259:Before chancellorship
125:imperial examinations
86:'s prominent general
80:Warring States period
50:during the reigns of
563:Notes and references
415:and the chancellors
657:day was incorrect).
277:). The chancellor
615:2010-05-22 at the
456:) and Xue Jileng (
269:Dianzhong Shiyushi
1002:Mayors of Luoyang
221:), and Feng Yao (
1029:
937:New Book of Tang
925:Old Book of Tang
917:
907:
901:
891:
872:
862:
853:
846:Old Book of Tang
842:
836:
829:Old Book of Tang
825:
819:
816:Old Book of Tang
813:
794:
784:
778:
771:Old Book of Tang
767:
761:
754:Old Book of Tang
750:
744:
731:
725:
722:New Book of Tang
719:
696:
685:New Book of Tang
682:
680:
679:
670:. Archived from
664:
658:
651:Old Book of Tang
643:New Book of Tang
638:New Book of Tang
629:Old Book of Tang
621:Old Book of Tang
599:Old Book of Tang
586:Old Book of Tang
581:Emperor Xuānzong
577:
545:Emperor Xuānzong
526:
525:
492:
491:
486:
485:
471:
470:
466:and Yu Hongzhi (
461:
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326:
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738:Edition of the
732:
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607:Academia Sinica
603:vol. 18, part 2
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565:
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413:Emperor Taizong
385:
319:Zhongshu Sheren
301:Duzhi Langzhong
265:Emperor Wenzong
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256:
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52:Emperor Wenzong
46:, serving as a
12:
11:
5:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
970:
969:
949:Zizhi Tongjian
945:
933:
919:
918:
910:Zizhi Tongjian
902:
894:Zizhi Tongjian
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740:Zizhi Tongjian
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692:2012-09-11 at
659:
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564:
561:
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477:
474:
384:
383:Chancellorship
381:
260:
257:
255:
252:
189:Emperor Muzong
184:
181:
177:Zhongshu Sheng
72:Emperor Dezong
67:
64:
56:Emperor Wuzong
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6:
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1020:
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1015:
1013:
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993:
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983:
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888:
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841:
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830:
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766:
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742:
741:
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723:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
695:
694:archive.today
691:
688:
686:
674:on 2008-11-20
673:
669:
663:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
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618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
576:
574:
572:
567:
560:
558:
554:
553:Libu Shangshu
550:
549:Hubu Shangshu
546:
536:
534:
530:
520:
516:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
473:
465:
448:
446:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Fang Xuanling
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
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380:
372:
368:
364:
360:
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353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
320:
316:
315:Hanlin Xueshi
312:
302:
298:
294:
284:
280:
270:
266:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
215:), Wei Guan (
202:
198:
194:
190:
180:
178:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
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103:
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89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
63:
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53:
49:
45:
35:
25:
22:
21:courtesy name
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935:
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909:
905:
893:
864:
845:
840:
828:
823:
815:
786:
782:
770:
765:
753:
748:
743:, vol. 61 .
734:
729:
721:
684:
676:. Retrieved
672:the original
662:
654:
650:
642:
636:
628:
624:
620:
598:
594:
590:
584:
552:
548:
542:
511:
502:
479:
464:Qiu Shiliang
449:
436:Consort Yang
433:
408:
404:
398:
386:
370:
352:crown prince
341:
339:, Jiangxi).
329:Hubu Shilang
328:
318:
314:
310:
300:
292:
282:
268:
262:
229:
186:
176:
166:
152:
148:
144:
132:
128:
118:
98:Tang dynasty
76:Shijiazhuang
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44:Tang dynasty
33:
32:), formally
23:
16:
15:
982:780s births
818:, vol. 173.
733:See, e.g.,
724:, vol. 182.
517:(in modern
445:Li Chengmei
389:Chen Yixing
209:), Wen Yu (
197:Li Guangyan
163:Wu Chongyin
102:Sui dynasty
987:852 deaths
976:Categories
678:2008-10-03
597:era — see
503:Guanchashi
297:Li Zongmin
279:Wei Chuhou
244:Niu Sengru
161:, Henan),
48:chancellor
687:, vol. 72
583:, in the
429:Wei Zheng
394:Zheng Tan
367:Yang Sifu
333:Zheng Zhu
167:You Shiyi
127:, in the
952:, vols.
942:vol. 182
930:vol. 173
914:vol. 248
898:vol. 246
869:vol. 245
850:vol. 159
833:vol. 172
791:vol. 241
775:vol. 161
758:vol. 164
690:Archived
655:Bingchen
647:vol. 182
633:vol. 173
613:Archived
591:Bingchen
557:Yangzhou
529:Cui Gong
519:Changsha
495:Chenzhou
425:Wang Gui
421:Du Ruhui
409:Kaicheng
405:Kaicheng
376:同中書門下平章事
363:Li Guyan
337:Jiujiang
236:Chang'an
154:Jiedushi
145:Mingjing
137:Li Jiang
129:Mingjing
736:Bo Yang
625:Dazhong
595:Dazhong
533:Cui Dan
499:Li Deyu
440:Li Rong
401:Du Cong
359:Luoyang
355:Li Yong
348:eunuchs
232:Wang Bo
159:Jiaozuo
121:Huai'an
507:Guilin
427:, and
344:Li Xun
149:Jinshi
141:Weinan
133:Jinshi
82:state
24:Daijia
17:Li Jue
288:禮部員外郎
274:殿中侍御史
248:Wuhan
201:Li Su
88:Li Mu
39:贊皇貞穆公
531:and
324:中書舍人
311:Hubu
306:度支郎中
293:Libu
199:and
84:Zhao
966:248
962:246
958:245
954:241
484:太常卿
469:魚弘志
459:薛季稜
453:劉弘逸
206:宇文鼎
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172:右拾遺
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