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entirety of Koželuch's career: the first was composed in 1773; the final three date from after 1810. The sonatas cater for different purposes. Some are exhibitionist works; some are simpler; some are cast in a
Romantic style that foreshadows Beethoven. In the third category, Koželuch was composing slow minor-key introductions to sonatas as much as 17 years before Beethoven composed his
431:, especially his output from the 1790s, is among the more advanced of his works, often foreshadowing the expressionism of Beethoven. Musicologist Roger Hickman refers to this period of chamber music output as representing a more "daring character" on the part of the composer, and argues that these works "must have been noted by the young
447:
Koželuch probably composed most of his symphonies during his first decade in Vienna, a period in which his
Viennese contemporaries, including Mozart, were focusing on other genres. The musicologist Allan Badley labels Koželuch's symphonic compositions as "modest by the standards of the time". Badley
374:
and various liturgical works. Among his music there are also operas and works for ballet, which—with the exception of one opera —have yet to be heard in recent years. Numerous arrangements by him of
Scottish songs for the Edinburgh collector George Thomson were popular, and some of these have also
418:
Twenty-two Koželuch keyboard concertos survive. The musicologist
Richard Wigmore argues that they "conspicuously lack the melodic abundance, rich woodwind colouring and operatic-style dialogues of Mozart's great Viennese concertos", but nonetheless "beguile with their limpid grace, their sparkling
402:
idiom". Hogwood further states that "Koželuch's sonatas are, in the true sense, 'classics'—that is to say, 'models for imitation and study'—and display to perfection precisely those features that theorists required of a sonata at the end of the 18th century." The oeuvre of sonatas spans almost the
274:
to say the following of his status within Europe: "Leopold
Kozeluch is without question with young and old the generally most loved among our living composers, and this with justification". Koželuch's esteem in royal circles grew again in 1791, when he composed a well-received cantata commissioned
262:
following a quarrel with his employer, the
Archbishop of Salzburg. The Archbishop offered the position to Koželuch, but Koželuch refused, later expressing concerns to a friend that he might too have fallen victim to what he saw as Mozart's ill-treatment. In 1784, Koželuch expanded into publishing,
229:
for this purpose in 1778, where he quickly established himself as a pianist, albeit one who did not perform in public, composer and teacher. Pianist Kemp
English observes that in Vienna Koželuch "found himself in the right place at the right time", and was able to advance his career there with
419:
keyboard writing (often in just two parts), and their sense of proportion." Most are scored only for strings, oboes, horns and soloist—sparser than Mozart's scoring of his contemporaneous concertos—suggesting that the works were intended for small-scale performances.
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and soon formed his own firm, Musikalisches
Magazin, which would later come under the management of his brother Antonín Tomáš. Koželuch would use the firm, in combination with overseas partners, to publish many of his compositions.
854:
304:
Koželuch's compositional output declined after the turn of the century as he focused on his court duties, teaching, and the lucrative work of arranging
Scottish, Irish and Welsh folk songs for the publisher
159:
in 1778, where he was based for the remainder of his career. In Vienna he achieved renown as a composer, pianist and teacher, and from 1792 until his death in 1818 he held royal appointments as
210:. His father was Antonín Bartholomäus Koželuh, a shoemaker. He was baptised Jan Antonín, but by 1773 he had adopted the name Leopold to avoid confusion with his elder cousin, the composer
653:
889:
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Leopold Koželuch : Biographie und stilkritische
Untersuchung der Sonaten für Klavier, Violine und Violoncello nebst einem Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Klaviertrios
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reflected on Koželuch's reputation in a lecture in 1806, remarking that he had "sunk in unmerited neglect" while Mozart's reputation had enjoyed posthumous growth. In 1809,
1501:
214:. He also Germanised his surname to Koželuch. After starting his musical education in Velvary, Koželuch moved to Prague where he studied with his cousin and
849:"From Velvary, Bohemia, to the court in Vienna. The life of the imperial Kapellmeister Leopold Koželuh and a new complete edition of his keyboard sonatas."
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argues that Koželuch's keyboard sonatas, especially those which open in minor keys, "substantially anticipated ... the tragic-pathetic manner" of
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in 1791, marking another coincidence between his career and Mozart's and serving to advance himself further within Viennese society.
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Koželuch's substantial output of keyboard compositions reflected the promotion of his reputation as a specialist keyboard virtuoso.
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Die Theorie der Sinfonie und die Beurteilung einzelner Sinfoniekomponisten bei den Musikschriftstellern des 18. Jahrhunderts
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885:. Praha : Státní hudební vydavatelství, 1964. 387 p. with bibliography pp. 379–87 and 10 pp. illustrations.
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297:(composer), and at double Mozart's salary. Koželuch would remain in the positions until his death. Koželuch joined a
970:
654:"Liner notes: KOŽELUCH, L.: Symphonies, Vol. 1 – P. I:3, 5, 6, 7 (Czech Chamber Philharmonic, Pardubice, Štilec)"
407:, while neither Mozart nor Haydn ever did so. Koželuch's composed his sonatas to be played on the newly emerging
455:
Almost all of Koželuch's choral works, including cantatas and five of his six operas, have been lost. His opera
250:, Empress of Brazil. His appointment to teach Archduchess Elizabeth was an official court position, succeeding
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225:. The success of these works led him to abandon plans to study law in favour of a musical career. He moved to
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459:(presumably from 1792) was performed in Finland in 2018, for the first time since the death of the composer.
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date from this period. A set of six published as Opus 32 and Opus 33, they became known throughout Europe.
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for the same occasion. Mozart's death later in the year afforded Koželuch another opportunity:
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900:"A Bohemian Composer Meets a Mozart Singer: Kozeluch's Rondò for Adriana Ferrarese"
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415:. The popularity of the sonatas in turn helped to make the fortepiano fashionable.
794:. Fourth edition, 1996 (2004 reprint). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
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From 1771 to 1778, Koželuch wrote ballets and pantomimes which were performed in
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argues that Koželuch's symphonies are influenced by those of his Prague teacher
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Hickman, Roger (1986). "Leopold Kozeluch and the Viennese Quatuor Concertant".
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were at the height of their careers, Koželuch's reputation was such as to move
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704:"Leopold Koželuch (1747-1818): Complete Sonatas for Solo Keyboard, Vol. 7"
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Koželuch left around 400 compositions. Among these there are about thirty
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Hogwood, Christopher (2012). "The Keyboard Sonatas of Leopold Koželuch".
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carefully cultivated connections. He composed a cantata for the death of
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Milan Poštolka, a musicologist, catalogued Koželuch's works in 1964.
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for keyboard, the instrument in which he specialised, as well as
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to further his musical education, before moving again to
894:(1794): Viennese Ballet Reborn in the Spirit of Noverre"
452:in their orchestration and thematic organisation.
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817:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
806:Poštolka, Milan (2001). "Leopold Kozeluch". In
622:"Piano Concertos Nos 1, 5 & 6: Liner notes"
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878:London. v. 26 no. 1, Jan. 1945, p. 47-50.
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688:(in Swedish). Hufvudstadsbladet. p. 20.
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320:Koželuch died on 7 May 1818. His daughter,
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96:Birth house of Leopold Koželuch in Velvary
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916:International Music Score Library Project
790:Kennedy, Michael and Bourne, Joyce, eds.
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174:Koželuch's compositional output included
843:. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1925.
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334:List of compositions by Leopold Koželuch
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202:Koželuch was born on 26 June 1747 in
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753:. (Exemplare: Universität Wien, ÖNB)
266:By 1790, a time at which Mozart and
240:Archduchess Elisabeth of Württemberg
1482:18th-century musicians from Bohemia
883:Leopold Koželuh : život a dílo
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140:; 26 June 1747 – 7 May 1818) was a
112:Vienna – Burgtheater Michaelerplatz
13:
1507:Composers from the Austrian Empire
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686:"Ett tvåhundra år gammat operfynd"
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234:in 1780. His pupils would include
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1522:19th-century Czech male musicians
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405:Piano Sonata No. 8 ("Pathetique")
1497:Czech Classical-period composers
1487:19th-century classical composers
1472:18th-century classical composers
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892:La ritrovata figlia di Ottone II
971:List of Classical-era composers
912:Free scores by Leopold Koželuch
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248:Maria Leopoldine von Österreich
922:Musical Manuscripts Collection
684:Granberg, Jan (5 March 2018).
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1:
853:16/2 (2016), pp. 7–11. (
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16:Bohemian composer (1747–1818)
1492:19th-century Czech musicians
144:composer and music teacher.
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1517:People from Kladno District
1477:18th-century male musicians
890:"Muzzarelli, Kozeluch, and
745:. Dissertation. Wien 1968,
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279:in Prague. Mozart composed
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1542:Czech male opera composers
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322:Catherina Cibbini-Kozeluch
125:[ˈlɛopoltˈkoʒɛlux]
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620:Wigmore, Richard (2017).
252:Georg Christoph Wagenseil
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820:(2nd ed.). London:
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244:Archduchess Marie Louise
759:College Music Symposium
722:Golding, Robin (1999).
256:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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169:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
104:Prague – Kotzen Theatre
1368:Common practice period
741:Christa Flamm-Harten:
724:"Kozeluch: Symphonies"
702:English, Kemp (2017).
275:for the coronation of
236:Maria Theresia Paradis
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1331:Turkish music (style)
985:First Viennese School
851:Czech Music Quarterly
450:František Xaver Dušek
443:Orchestral and choral
293:(music director) and
216:František Xaver Dušek
163:(music director) and
132:, alternatively also
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822:Macmillan Publishers
315:Ludwig van Beethoven
291:Kammer Kapellmeister
161:Kammer Kapellmeister
121:Czech pronunciation:
1547:Composers for piano
1290:Classical orchestra
926:Harry Ransom Center
868:Deutsch, Otto Erich
435:". Koželuch's only
388:Christopher Hogwood
295:Hofmusik Compositor
282:La clemenza di Tito
272:Ernst Ludwig Gerber
212:Jan Antonín Koželuh
165:Hofmusik Compositor
130:Jan Antonín Koželuh
42:Jan Antonín Koželuh
1532:Oratorio composers
876:Music and letters.
872:Kozeluch Ritrovato
847:Vytlačil, Lukáš M.
624:. Hyperion Records
587:. Hyperion Records
585:"Leopold Kozeluch"
583:Wigmore, Richard.
348:clarinet concertos
277:Emperor Leopold II
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831:978-1-56159-239-5
784:10.1093/em/cas116
206:, in present-day
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1143:
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855:on-line here
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69:(1818-05-07)
52:26 June 1747
1467:1818 deaths
1462:1747 births
1129:Hoffmeister
1099:Dittersdorf
772:Early Music
457:Gustav Wasa
427:Koželuch's
413:harpsichord
356:piano trios
254:. In 1781,
1456:Categories
1373:Classicism
1361:Background
1340:Techniques
1316:Intermezzo
1274:Zingarelli
1179:Mysliveček
1074:Boccherini
1064:J. C. Bach
1047:J. Stamitz
1042:C. Stamitz
463:References
409:fortepiano
340:symphonies
332:See also:
83:Occupation
67:7 May 1818
48:1747-06-26
1388:Economics
1321:Pastorale
1269:Wranitzky
1189:Paisiello
1174:L. Mozart
1079:Cherubini
1022:Cannabich
990:Beethoven
978:Composers
751:667990749
729:. Chandos
400:cantabile
392:Beethoven
364:oratorios
180:concertos
58:, Bohemia
1431:Category
1408: ←
1224:Sacchini
1194:Piccinni
1149:Kreutzer
1144:Koželuch
1124:M. Haydn
1119:Gyrowetz
1089:Clementi
1084:Cimarosa
1069:G. Benda
1005:Schubert
814:(eds.).
733:12 March
713:11 March
660:11 March
628:14 March
591:11 March
483:Poštolka
433:Schubert
396:Schubert
382:Keyboard
372:cantatas
260:Salzburg
86:Composer
74:Vienna,
1421:→
1393:Physics
1254:Traetta
1234:Salieri
1219:Rosetti
1154:Krommer
1037:Richter
924:at the
918:(IMSLP)
914:at the
696:Sources
656:. Naxos
423:Chamber
204:Velvary
176:sonatas
149:Velvary
128:, born
56:Velvary
1441:Portal
1304:Genres
1264:Wanhal
1259:Viotti
1204:Reicha
1199:Pleyel
1184:Neruda
1159:Kuhlau
1134:Hummel
1114:Gossec
1104:Dussek
1094:Czerny
1032:Fränzl
1000:Mozart
828:
798:
749:
362:, two
358:, six
227:Vienna
223:Prague
157:Vienna
153:Prague
1249:Spohr
1244:Soler
1239:Sarti
1169:Méhul
1139:Kraus
1109:Gluck
995:Haydn
727:(PDF)
707:(PDF)
328:Works
192:opera
142:Czech
1214:Rode
1209:Ries
1054:Abel
1027:Fils
1017:Beck
826:ISBN
796:ISBN
747:OCLC
735:2017
715:2017
662:2017
630:2017
593:2017
394:and
246:and
198:Life
190:and
178:and
64:Died
38:Born
1383:Art
780:doi
1458::
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119:(
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46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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