Pope Leo XIII - Knowledge

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lost consciousness but was awake to receive the sacraments at 9:00pm before experiencing yet another restless night, marveling, "God's will be done. Who would have believed it when only ten days ago I was presiding over a public consistory?" Leo XIII only slept three hours but severe pain saw him immediately awaken, complaining of pain on both sides of the thorax that forced doctors to move his frail form for better comfort. His situation had previously been critical that afternoon when he was given the Last Rites, while his doctors apprised him of his sudden deterioration. On 7 July, the feeble pope asked that the shutters of his window be opened, saying "I wish to see once more, perhaps for the last time, the rays of the sun". In the nights following, the pope suffered from several coughing fits, perspiring heavily due to his rising fever. The pope felt slightly better enough on 10 July to receive a group of Hungarian pilgrims; however, the pope was exhausted and collapsed after the meeting.

3883: 3868: 1858: 10779: 10290: 1192:, which required him to reside in Rome. Reportedly, Pius IX is alleged to have said to Pecci: "Monsignor, I have decided to summon you to the Senate of the Church. I feel sure this will be the first act of my pontificate that you will not feel called upon to criticize". These comments were reported to have been said due to the stories that Pecci and Pius IX had a mutual animosity for each other and disagreed with each other in terms of policy; however, this purported animosity has never been proven. It was further alleged that by this stage Pecci desired a change of scenery from Perugia and hoped for either the 2712: 694: 2471: 1053: 1386: 755: 10817: 57: 273: 746: 2262: 2095: 897: 4422:. Various dates are given. A common account says that on the morning of 13 October 1884, Leo XIII celebrated Mass but as he finished, he turned to step down the stairs and allegedly collapsed, falling into what was originally thought to be a coma, but was rather a mystical ecstasy. As the priests and cardinals rushed to his side, Leo XIII rose and visibly shaken, brushed off his aides and rushed back towards his apartment where he immediately wrote the Prayer to Saint 285: 4493: 10807: 9014: 2803: 4648: 9026: 3819: 10767: 10302: 1793: 4439: 1952: 980: 4385: 7130: 4505: 10827: 10797: 1236: 2082:, he urged French Catholics to "rally" to the republic. Leo's decision upset many French monarchists, who felt they were being forced to betray their king for their faith. Ultimately, this move split the French Church politically and decreased its influence in France. Leo's move also failed to prevent the Concordant's eventual repealment, as it was later abrogated by the 2545:("Eternal Father"), which, more than any other single document, provided a charter for the revival of Thomism, the medieval theological system based on the thought of Aquinas – as the official philosophical and theological system of the Catholic Church. It was to be normative not only in the training of priests but also in the education of the laity at universities. 2118:, to the cardinalate. He had to defend the freedom of the church against what Catholics considered Italian persecution and discrimination in the area of education, expropriation and violation of Catholic Churches, legal measures against the church and acts of terrorism such as anticlerical groups attempting to throw the corpse of Pope Pius IX into the 4533:

previously tended to him in 1899 when he suffered a previous serious illness. When the doctor was immediately summoned to the pope's bedside, he determined that the castor oil had disturbed his stomach and exacerbated his condition. The pope's nephews were immediately notified of their uncle's illness, as were Cardinals

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to succeed him, and while many of the cardinals created by the late pope intended to vote for Bilio to honor the man that elevated them in the first place, they feared that voting for an ultra-conservative could potentially evoke a veto from one of the European powers and stall the election more than

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succeeded him in the next conclave. When doctors ordered him to rest, so as not to further aggravate his declining health, Leo XIII said: "If it were only of any use, but I do not believe it would be. The brief remainder of my life must be given to God's Church, not to my own poor comfort". The pope

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both in 1879 was also noteworthy due to their roles in the short-lived Council. It was even alleged that Félix Antoine Philibert Dupanloup, a vocal opponent of papal infallibility like Newman, would have been elevated to the cardinalate in 1879 had he not died in October 1878. Additionally, in 1884,

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in Europe, specifically Italy; divisions in the church and the status of the First Vatican Council. It was also debated that the conclave be moved elsewhere, but Pecci decided otherwise in his capacity as the camerlengo. On 18 February 1878, the conclave assembled in Rome. Cardinal Pecci was elected

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structures, which were often allied with aristocratic families. Pecci arrested the most powerful aristocrat in Benevento and his troops captured others, who were either killed or imprisoned by him. With public order restored, he turned to the economy and a reform of the tax system to stimulate trade

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affected the upper and middle lobes of the right lung, while Leo XIII suffered from considerable cardiac weakness and difficulties in breathing, while reporting the absence of any fever or coughing fits. That same day, after having received the sacraments, the pope said, "I am now near my end. I do

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In 1934, a German writer, Fr. Bers, tried to trace the origin of the story and declared that, though the story was widespread, nowhere could he find a trace of proof. Sources close to the institution of the prayer in 1886, including an account of a conversation with Leo XIII about his decision, say

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Leo XIII brought normality back to the Catholic Church after the tumultuous years of Pius IX. Leo's intellectual and diplomatic skills helped regain much of the prestige lost with the fall of the Papal States. He tried to reconcile the church with the working class, particularly by dealing with the

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During the conclave, he secured his election on the third scrutiny with 44 out of 61 votes, more than the requisite two-thirds majority. While the 1878 conclave was characterized by fewer political influences than in previous conclaves due to a variety of European political crises, it was generally

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which had been troubling him for almost thirty years and which had never been previously removed. The only reason it had never been of any particular concern was due to incisions designed for pain relief. While Leo XIII strongly rejected the notion of surgery at first, he was persuaded by Cardinal

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Towards the end of his life, Leo XIII resorted to using a gold-headed cane when going on walks, as he often found it difficult to do so. While Leo XIII was certainly able to walk without it, he only did so if he felt truly comfortable in doing so. When there were ever rumors about his health, Leo

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Leo XIII deteriorated further until he died at 3:55 pm on 20 July 1903, whispering a final blessing before he died. However, Vatican officials gave the time of his death as 4:04 pm when officials officially confirmed that the pope had died. Officially, Leo XIII had died of pneumonia, followed by

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On 6 July 1903, he was administered an injection to ease the pain that he was experiencing, while it was reported that the pneumonia he had contracted was starting to spread to the left lung. The pope, who had an imperceptible pulse, had a restless night and was given oxygen by his doctors. When

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as a cardinal at the next consistory, but Panici died before the nomination could take place in 1903. Allegedly, before deciding to name him, Leo XIII asked his brother Diomede to renounce his claim to the red hat, but when Agapito died in 1902, the pope informed Diomede that he would ignore his

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due to his admiration for the late pope's interest in education and his conciliatory attitude toward foreign governments. When asked what name he would take, the new pope responded: "As Leo XIII, in remembrance of Leo XII, whom I have always venerated". His election was formally announced to the

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authorities expropriated convents and monasteries of Catholic orders, turning them into administration or military buildings, Pecci protested but acted moderately. When the Italian state took over Catholic schools, Pecci, fearing for his theological seminary, simply added all secular topics from

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With the elevation of Newman in 1879, it was widely praised throughout the English-speaking world, not simply on the account of Newman's virtues and reputation, but on the basis that Leo XIII had a broader episcopal vision in mind than Pius IX ever did. His similar appointments of two prominent

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on 3 July 1903; however, his condition rapidly deteriorated to the point that he had contracted pneumonia. That night, he immediately went to bed and lost consciousness. Originally, the pope refused his doctor's desire to secure a second opinion from a colleague, insisting on a doctor who had

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and maintaining the rights and dignities of the human person. Leo XIII issued a record of eleven papal encyclicals on the rosary, earning him the title of the "Rosary Pope". In addition, he approved two new Marian scapulars. He was the first pope never to have held any control over the

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is reported to have said, "In the successor of Pius IX recognize a depth of thought, a tenderness of heart, a winning simplicity, and a power answering to the name of Leo, which prevent me from lamenting that Pius is no longer here". In the conclave, Pecci was perceived as the main

2632:, Portugal, asking him to consecrate the entire world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, he commissioned a group of theologians to examine the petition on the basis of revelation and sacred tradition. The outcome of this investigation was positive and so in the encyclical letter 1116:. Pope Gregory XVI originally intended to name him as a cardinal; however, his death in 1846 put pause to that idea while the events that characterized the beginning of the papacy of Pius IX further postponed the idea of Pecci's elevation. By the time that Gregory XVI died, 888:, where Pecci investigated several incidents. When it was claimed that a bakery was selling bread below the prescribed pound weight, he personally went there, had all bread weighed and confiscated it if below legal weight. The confiscated bread was distributed to the poor. 4581:

Leo XIII was the first pope to be born in the 19th century and was also the first to die in the 20th century, living to the age of 93. He is the oldest verified pope to have served in the office, and the second-oldest verified person to have been pope, surpassed only by

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discussed the "friendly, trustful relationship that existed between me and Pope Leo XIII." During Wilhelm's third visit to Leo: "It was of interest to me that the Pope said on this occasion that Germany must be the sword of the Catholic Church. I remarked that the old

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that it was necessary to ensure his good health. Before the pope was taken for surgery, he asked that his chaplain celebrate Mass in his private chapel while the operation was taking place. Reportedly, the cyst removed "was the size of an ordinary-sized orange."

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and asked his Cardinal Secretary of State Lambruschini to consecrate him. Pecci developed excellent relations with the royal family and used the location to visit neighboring Germany, where he was particularly interested in the architectural completion of the

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other schools and opened the seminary to non-theologians. The new government also levied taxes on the Catholic Church and issued legislation according to which all episcopal or papal utterances were to be approved by the government before their publication.

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American newspapers criticized Pope Leo because they claimed that he was attempting to gain control of American public schools. One cartoonist drew Leo as a fox unable to reach grapes that were labeled for American schools; the caption read "Sour grapes!"

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Of the 147 cardinals he elevated, 85 were Italian since Leo XIII nominated cardinals from beyond Europe, including the first cardinals from Australia, Canada, Slovenia, and Armenia, the latter of which would be the first Oriental selection since 1439.

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and all clerical involvement in it as well as boycotting, followed in June by the papal encyclical "Saepe Nos" that was addressed to all the Irish bishops. Of outstanding significance, not least for the English-speaking world, was Leo's encyclical

4426:. Leo XIII reportedly saw a vision of demons being released from Hell, and as the vision ended, he saw Saint Michael charge in and drive them all back into Hell. Leo XIII mandated that the prayer be said after every Mass from that point forth. 720:

and Giovanni Battista Pecci. Until 1818, he lived at home with his family "in which religion counted as the highest grace on earth, as through her, salvation can be earned for all eternity." Together with Giuseppe, he studied in the

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In Belgium, the school question was sharply debated between the Catholic majority and the liberal minority. Pecci encouraged the struggle for Catholic schools, but he was able to win the good will of the Court not only of the pious

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presented theological challenges in consecrating non-Christians. Since about 1850, various congregations and countries had consecrated themselves to the Sacred Heart, a practice common at the time throughout the Catholic world.

1854:"so that everyone might see clearly that the Church and her Pastors are not opposed to true and solid science, whether human or divine, but that they embrace it, encourage it, and promote it with the fullest possible devotion." 4057:(later beatified) to the cardinalate; however, he was unable to do so because the French government did not favor a cardinal from a religious order to seek its best interests as a Curial member. In 1901, he planned to name 2033:

in Germany represented Catholic interests and was a force for social change. It was encouraged by Leo's support for social welfare legislation and the rights of working people. Leo's forward-looking approach encouraged

1993:. Relations improved further when Pope Leo XIII, because of Italian considerations, distanced the Vatican from the Rome-Vienna-Berlin alliance, and helped to facilitate a rapprochement between Paris and St. Petersburg. 1278:

believed that the long papacy of the conservative Pius IX led many of the cardinals to vote for Pecci because his age and health created the expectation that his papacy would be somewhat brief. Following the conclave,

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social changes that were sweeping Europe. The new economic order had resulted in the growth of an impoverished working class who had increasing anticlerical and socialist sympathies. Leo helped reverse that trend.

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Although Leo XIII was no radical in either theology or politics, his papacy moved the Catholic Church back to the mainstream of European life. Considered a great diplomat, he managed to improve relations with

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from 20 February 1878 until his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, whose age can be validated, holding office and had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of

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granted unlimited freedom for the press in the Papal States, Pecci, who had been highly popular in the first years of his episcopate, became the object of attacks in the media and at his residence. In 1848,

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In 1824, he and Giuseppe were called to Rome, where their mother was dying. Count Pecci wanted his children near him after the loss of his wife and so they stayed with him in Rome and attended the Jesuit

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in the 8th century. Similarly, many of his policies were oriented towards mitigating the loss of the Papal States in an attempt to overcome the loss of temporal power, but nonetheless continuing the

1044:, a noted Thomist scholar, to resign his professorship in Rome and to teach in Perugia instead. His own residence was next to the seminary, which facilitated his daily contacts with the students. 4553:

and later was barely able to recite the profession of faith. That same day, he experienced a loss of appetite and suffered from shortness of breath. On 5 July, the doctor said reported that the

2768:. While allowing the title "Mediatrix", recent popes, following on the Second Vatican Council, have warned away from the term "co-redemptrix" as derogating from the one mediator, Jesus Christ. 2760:

because he promulgated Marian devotion. In his encyclical on the 50th anniversary of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception, he stresses Mary's role in the redemption of humanity and calls her

2593: 4047: 3946:(it was based purely on recommendation and merit), in the same consistory. In 1893, he elevated Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto to the cardinalate, who would go on to be his immediate successor, 1293:

were also considered as potential candidates. But some cardinals who opposed Pecci, and were alarmed at the rising votes he was securing, banded together to cast their ballots for Cardinal

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given the oxygen, Leo XIII replied, "That is much better. Before I felt as though I had lost my liberty". That morning, he intimated to those with him that he would prefer it if Cardinal

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in June 1899. In June 1896, Leo XIII named two other cardinals in pectore, announcing in March 1898 that both had died, hence, vacating the red hats he would have bestowed upon them.

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In March 1899, it had been believed that the pope was gravely ill and that he was nearing death. Originally, it was presumed that the pope was suffering from a violent case of

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previous missive asking him to renounce his claim to the red hat, a position that Diomede was never then given. According to witnesses, Leo XIII failed three times to invite

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Pope Leo XIII urged "Filii tui India, administri tibi salutis" (Your own sons, O India, will be the heralds of your salvation) and founded the national seminary, called

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to help himself recuperate, shrugging off concerns about his health. While it seemed to work, and the pope resumed his duties with a renewed vigor, it was not to last.

1342:, and Franchi (proposed by Pecci's opponents) all agreed on supporting Pecci's candidacy, also determining that the next pope needed to be an Italian. Both Manning and 10963: 10903: 10339: 2245:, the two had a lot in common. However, relations between the two degenerated when Ferdinand expressed his intention to allow his eldest son Crown Prince Boris (later 1748: 7233: 620:. With that encyclical, he became popularly titled as the "Social Pope" and the "Pope of the Workers", also having created the foundations for modern thinking in the 131: 9967: 7226: 3916:, the principle that political and social decisions should be taken at a local level, if possible, rather than by a central authority, into Catholic social thought. 9064: 7243: 3930:

Throughout his pontificate, Leo XIII elevated 147 cardinals in 27 consistories. While the limit of the College of Cardinals had been set at 70 since the papacy of

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Pope Leo XIII was able to reach several agreements in 1896 that resulted in better conditions for the faithful and additional appointments of bishops. During the

1297:; however, Franchi secured no votes in the final ballot that saw Pecci duly elected. Allegedly, those who were dedicated to thwarting his election were Cardinals 2380:, where the soldiers ransacked various items along with much capital, and Chilean Priests coveted rare and ancient editions of the Bible that were stored there. 2249:) to convert to Orthodoxy, the majority religion of Bulgaria. Leo strongly condemned the action, and when Ferdinand went through with the conversion anyway, Leo 962:, who was strongly liberal in his views. The new nuncio succeeded in uniting Catholics. At the end of his mission, the King granted him the Grand Cordon in the 10274: 10269: 5785: 3612: 6745: 10659: 4071: 3847: 2042:

parties, which became an acceptable alternative to socialist parties. Leo's social teachings were reiterated throughout the 20th century by his successors.

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As soon as he was elected to the papacy, Leo XIII worked to encourage understanding between the church and the modern world. When he firmly reasserted the

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repeatedly asked that Pecci be named as a cardinal. While Pius IX strongly desired having Pecci as close to Rome as possible, and repeatedly offered him a

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He is well known for his intellectualism and his attempts to define the position of the Catholic Church with regard to modern thinking. In his famous 1891

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and floods, he donated all resources for the festivities of his elevation to the victims. Much of the public attention turned on the conflict between the

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he described the importance of scriptures for theological study. It was an important encyclical for Catholic theology and its relation to the Bible, as

10958: 9618: 9098: 4620:, his cathedral church as the Bishop of Rome, and a church in which he took a particular interest. He was moved there in late 1924. Until the death of 4063: 1821: 484: 454: 444: 8962: 2440:. The missionaries were sent to North and South America to do pastoral care for Italian immigrants. In 1879 Catholic missionaries associated with the 9993: 6786: 884:

visited hospitals and educational institutions for several days, asking for advice and listing questions. The fight against corruption continued in

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and hence the one that needed to be made a cardinal. In order to avoid a conflict between Chile and Peru, the pope abandoned the idea reluctantly.

3934:, Leo XIII never exceeded nor reached the limit, only ever coming close at 67 in 1901. Amongst the noteworthy cardinals whom he elevated, he named 3445: 713: 3882: 7216: 4021: 1181:

because it upheld human dignity of working people, opposed the excesses of industrialization and developed large-scale charities for the needy.

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Pope Leo XIII performed a number of consecrations, at times entering new theological territory. After he had received many letters from Sister

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During the 1870s, in his last years in Perugia, Pecci addressed the role of the church in modern society several times, defining the church as

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in other European countries, where the social teachings of the church were incorporated into the agenda of Catholic parties, particularly the

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and that the alarm was raised regarding his health. However, it was soon discovered that the reason for the pope's illness was the sudden

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as a cardinal but the cardinal died before the promotion could take place. In 1891 and again in 1897, the pope offered the cardinalate to

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in Catalonia celebrated 1000 years of existence. On 11 September 1881, to coincide with the Catalan national day, Leo XIII proclaimed the

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troops reversed the revolutionary gains but at a price for Pecci and the Catholic Church, who could not regain their former popularity.

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monarch of the millions of Catholics living in his empire who would like to be good Russian subjects if their dignity were respected.

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as "Pope emeritus", who died at the age of 95. There are three other popes that are claimed to have lived longer than Pope Leo XIII:

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stance and continued to insist that Italian Catholics should not vote in Italian elections or hold any elected office. In his first

1989:, who was grateful and asked for all religious forces to unify. He asked the pope to ensure that his bishops abstain from political 10690: 9786: 6375: 6277: 6005: 5919: 4116: 2549: 1270: 3999:, announcing their names in 1894 and 1895, while in April 1901 announcing the names of another two cardinals whom he had reserved 2342: 10953: 9050: 8825: 5277: 4639:

described Leo as "great and wise", his "first teacher", from whom he had inherited "a pastoral outlook and a pastoral approach".

1124:, Pecci continually refused due to his preference for Perugia. It is possible that the archbishop did not share the views of the 621: 10631: 4669:

is available on the web. He was also the first pope to be filmed by a motion picture camera. He was filmed in 1896 by inventor,

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in his duties as overseer of all the city hospitals. In 1836, he received his doctorate in theology and doctorates of civil and

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At the time of his death, Leo XIII was the third-longest-reigning pope (25 years), exceeded only by his immediate predecessor,

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was discussed. He invested in enlarging the seminary for future priests and in hiring new and prominent professors, preferably

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Leo introduced the promotion of monthly prayer intentions in 1890, which he entrusted to the Apostleship of Prayer (now the

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After the assassination of Alexander II, the pope sent a high ranking representative to the coronation of his successor,

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The main problems facing Pecci were a decaying local economy, insecurity from widespread bandits, and pervasive Mafia or

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with 200,000 inhabitants. His immediate concern was to prepare the province for a papal visitation in the same year.

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to be Patron of Catalonia. This had implications beyond the purely religious sphere, influencing the development of

1932:. In 1903, he attributed his longevity to the sparing use of meat and the consumption of eggs, milk and vegetables. 853:. He celebrated his first Mass with his priest brother Giuseppe. Shortly thereafter, Gregory XVI appointed Pecci as 10943: 10800: 10652: 10348: 10093: 9573: 9463: 4719: 3991:, announcing the name later that same year. On 30 December 1889, Leo XIII named only one cardinal whom he reserved 3435: 3060: 1193: 733:

and was known to have written his own Latin poems at the age of eleven. Leo was a descendant of the Italian leader

625: 7059: 5768:"Priestly Formation in Indian Context :A New Pedagogy for Integral Formation of Candidates to Priesthood in India" 4902: 1080:, which were run by the Capuchins. Upon his elevation to the cardinalate in late 1853, and in light of continuing 9588: 9512: 9132: 9110: 7343: 7114:(New and Enlarged ed.). New York, Cincinnati, and St. Louis: Benziger Brothers – via Internet Archive. 6611: 3572: 3520: 2312: 2214: 125: 494: 10555: 10382: 9827: 9446: 9093: 9085: 9073: 7397: 4903:"The life of Pope Leo XIII: containing a full and authentic account of the illustrious pontiff's life and work" 4617: 4538: 3500: 3255: 3110: 2289: 2266: 1412: 1298: 682: 592: 6805: 6208: 4653: 2416:, Leo XIII refused to allow the United States government to buy land from Catholic friars in the Philippines. 2106:

without major modifications. In his relations with the Italian state, Leo continued the Papacy's self-imposed

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nothing of the alleged vision. Bers concluded that the story was a later invention that spread like a virus.

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Leo XIII is credited with great efforts in the areas of scientific and historical analysis. He opened the

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Leopold, Robert S. (August 1994), "A Guide to Early African Collections in the Smithsonian Institution",

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Mariano Santiago Casanova Casanova as a cardinal in 1895; however, the pope abandoned the idea after the

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In the light of a climate hostile to the Catholic Church, Leo continued the policies of Pius IX towards

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Leo XIII was the first pope whose voice was recorded. The recording can be found on a compact disc of

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died on 7 February 1878, and during his closing years the liberal press had often insinuated that the

1174:. Pecci was likely well informed since the pope named his brother Giuseppe to help prepare the event. 284: 272: 10195: 9897: 9208: 7372: 5727:[Over the Ocean, Apostolic letter on Latin American privileges] (in Latin). Rome, IT: Vatican 4613: 4400:, where in the first row knelt in front of him the young seminarian Giacomo Della Chiesa, the future 4221: 4206: 3867: 3617: 3525: 3510: 3475: 3415: 2504: 2465: 2393: 2300: 2277:

The United States frequently attracted his attention and admiration. He confirmed the decrees of the

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because of his dogmatization in 1854. Leo XIII, in light of his unprecedented promulgation of the

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The failure of Bismarck's Kulturkampf: Catholicism and state power in imperial Germany, 1871–1887

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inside the Vatican. That building would be torn down in 1996 to make way for construction of the

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introduced him to Vatican congregations. During a cholera epidemic in Rome, he assisted Cardinal

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Sister Mary of the Divine Heart, Droste zu Vischering, religious of the Good Shepherd, 1863–1899

4558:

not know if all I have done has been good, but I certainly obeyed my conscience and our faith".

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His encyclicals changed the church's relations with temporal authorities; the 1891 encyclical

3340: 10928: 10893: 10888: 10751: 10638: 10473: 10013: 9998: 9711: 9568: 9475: 9275: 9258: 9171: 9115: 8806: 6746:"Restored 1896 Footage May Reveal New Details Of Pope Leo XIII, Earliest-Born Person On Film" 6570: 6484: 5980: 4554: 4339: 4303: 4109: 4101: 3887: 3745: 3250: 2989: 2947: 2860: 2823: 2749: 2676: 2650: 2304: 2067: 1902: 1883: 1433: 1167: 1121: 823: 10063: 3095: 1201: 693: 10938: 10863: 10858: 10741: 10604: 10503: 10367: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10172: 10099: 9942: 9902: 9721: 9623: 9598: 9537: 9342: 9317: 9253: 4625: 4563: 4396:

One of the first audiences that Leo XIII granted was to the professors and students of the

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in 1898, in which the United States, a then largely Protestant nation, took control of the

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Pecci called a provincial council in 1849 to reform the religious life in his dioceses in

716:(1767–1833) and his wife, Anna Francesca Prosperi Buzzi (1773–1824).His brothers included 8: 10783: 10423: 10294: 10018: 10008: 9957: 9815: 9801: 9661: 9403: 9166: 8671: 8054: 7336: 6234: 6186: 5595: 4754: 4662: 4550: 4423: 4346: 4313: 4128: 4097: 3955: 3951: 3823: 3818: 3772: 3762: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3360: 2974: 2942: 2853: 2794: 2413: 2369: 2222: 2039: 1851: 1684: 1493: 1343: 1222: 1089: 1005: 811:, mainly diplomacy and law. In 1834, he gave a student presentation, attended by several 654: 376: 225: 10448: 5665: 2711: 2608:

who requested Pope Leo XIII to consecrate the entire world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

2146:

Among the activities of Leo XIII that were important for the English-speaking world, he

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attended a general audience with Pope Leo XIII and asked him to allow her to enter the

4397: 4356: 4279: 4269: 4263: 4245: 4239: 4051: 3904:, a German bishop who propagated siding with the suffering working classes in his book 3300: 2999: 2470: 2433: 2365: 2238: 2198: 2023: 1929: 1797: 1577: 1479: 1331: 1290: 1263: 1185: 1061: 1033: 819: 600: 364: 178: 9872: 7091: 6324: 5283: 5008: 2552:

on 15 October 1879 and ordered the publication of the critical edition, the so-called

942:

would begin his Roman studies there. Pecci spent several weeks in England with Bishop

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Regoli, Roberto (2009). "L'elite cardinalizia dopo la fine dello stato pontificio".

6720:"American role in first-ever papal film scrubbed by Vatican due to 'lascivious' use" 5321: 4824: 3185: 3100: 2726:

and personally fostered a 20-volume comprehensive scientific study of the Papacy by

2641:

The encyclical letter also encouraged the entire Catholic episcopate to promote the

2292:, establishing the national university of the Catholic Church in the United States. 1068:

for boys, girls and elderly women. Throughout his dioceses, he opened branches of a

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was offered but refused an offer of elevation. Leo XIII later intended to name the

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on the invalidity of the Anglican orders, published in 1896. In 1899, he declared

2058:

no longer existed, and that conditions had changed. But he adhered to his words."

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Film of Pope Leo XIII in 1896 on YouTube with recording of Leo XIII chanting the

7027: 6812: 6790: 6149:"An Armenian As Pope? – A British Diplomatic Report on Cardinal Agagianian, 1958" 5964: 4591: 4529: 4446:

At the time of his election in 1878, the pope had started to experience a slight

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Silver medal celebrating Pope Leo XIII's 1891 inauguration of the new observatory

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Upon his election, he announced that he would assume the name "Leo" in memory of

1321:. It was also suggested that, before his death, Pius IX heavily favored Cardinal 1274:

on the third ballot and chose the name Leo XIII. He was crowned on 3 March 1878.

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Joyce Annotated: Notes for Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

3355: 1763: 1269:

In the conclave, the cardinals faced varied questions and discussed issues like

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Life of Leo XIII – From An Authentic Memoir – Furnished By His Order

6637:"The pope says he wants to be buried in the Rome basilica, not in the Vatican" 5136: 3485: 2233:

Leo XIII welcomed the elevation of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg (the later

1326:

was necessary. To that end, there had been early talks about Austria possibly

1200:. It has also been said that Pecci was reportedly in line to succeed Cardinal 217: 10847: 10671: 10453: 10147: 10073: 10039: 9983: 9666: 9641: 9417: 9327: 9312: 9234: 8766: 8721: 8590: 8555: 8530: 8485: 8465: 8390: 8385: 8365: 8239: 8174: 8134: 8114: 8104: 8009: 7918: 7873: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7768: 7748: 7738: 7713: 7673: 7622: 7612: 7607: 7587: 7542: 7502: 7487: 7467: 7409: 7367: 7287: 5370: 4952: 4714: 4670: 4628:

in Rome, Leo will be the last pope not to be buried in St. Peter's Basilica.

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Leo XIII is particularly remembered for his belief that pastoral activity in

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McEachen, A. D. (February 1972), "Letters and lectures of Captain Little",

5318:"Domus Sanctae Marthae & The New Urns Used in the Election of the Pope" 5229: 4709: 4636: 4621: 4462: 4451: 4120: 4089: 3495: 3365: 3345: 3335: 3290: 3260: 3180: 3165: 3021: 2880: 2838: 2745: 2634: 2261: 2171: 2167: 2131: 2094: 1921: 1846:

to qualified researchers, among whom was the noted historian of the Papacy

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While archbishop, Pecci developed several activities in support of various

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developed throughout Western Europe, including France, Germany and Italy.

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XIII was known to mischievously walk about briskly to dispel the rumors.

4074:, the former is alleged to have said, "he should have been in my place". 4067: 3947: 3270: 3230: 3175: 3085: 2952: 2937: 2890: 2757: 2409: 2333: 2010: 1913: 1758: 1322: 1081: 56: 6974: 5707: 4510:

The monument and tomb to Leo XIII in the Basilica of Saint John Lateran.

3987:", announcing them in 1882 and 1884. In 1882, he named another cardinal 2376:, including the churches, and their chaplains headed the robbery at the 9842: 9427: 8865: 8540: 8059: 8044: 7858: 7833: 7668: 7572: 7492: 7442: 7384: 6445:

Heirs of the Fisherman: Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession

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respectively. On 4 July, the pope made his last confession to Cardinal

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held at Rome in 1899, and for his encyclical of 1888 to the bishops of

2050: 1422: 1137: 923: 617: 6563: 5786:"Taft's Curious Connection with the Church - 1901-2000 Church History" 5725:"Trans Oceanum, Litterae apostolicae, De privilegiis Americae Latinae" 4647: 2645:, established June as the Month of the Sacred Heart, and included the 2288:

On 10 April 1887, a pontifical charter from Pope Leo XIII founded the

2150:

in 1878. The following year, on 12 May 1879, he raised to the rank of

10666: 7602: 5837:

A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church

4458: 4418:

There are several versions of a story of how Leo came to compose the

4392:, on his first day of 57 years of service in the Vatican (1901–1958). 3490: 3320: 2802: 2761: 2071: 2066:

Leo XIII possessed a great affection for France, and feared that the

1917: 1838:

doctrine that science and religion coexist, he required the study of

858: 608: 588: 7120: 4528:

Leo XIII originally contracted a cold while taking an outing in the

2535:

As pope, he used all his authority for a revival of the theology of

1346:

agreed to persuade the foreign cardinals to back Pecci's candidacy.

1330:

Bilio; however, this never occurred. Before the conclave, Cardinals

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in 1886. A fellow Catholic, whose wife was a member of the Italian

2183: 2127: 1974:

Pope Leo XIII began his pontificate with a friendly letter to Tsar

1951: 1792: 1395: 1285: 979: 905: 633: 119: 6830:

Story of a Soul – The Autobiography of St. Thérèse of Lisieux

4384: 4218:

Antonio Maria Zaccaria (whom he later canonized) on 3 January 1890

2122:

on 13 July 1881. The pope even considered moving his residence to

1861:

Pope Leo XIII and his inner court at the Vatican, photographed by

861:, the smallest Papal province, with a population of about 20,000. 10387: 9913: 9527: 9149: 6922: 5069:(1st ed.). United Kingdom: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 178. 4602: 4438: 3033: 2486: 2442:

White Father Congregation (Society of the Missionaries of Africa)

2392:. He entrusted this task to the then Apostolic Delegate to India 2123: 2070:

would take advantage of the fact that most French Catholics were

2015: 1909: 1898: 1037: 1029: 984: 885: 877: 873: 865: 843: 807:, and Giuseppe entered the Jesuit order. Vincenzo studied at the 726: 637: 564: 407: 96: 5279:

Aeterni Patris – On the Restoration of Christian Philosophy

4504: 995:. From 1846 to 1877, he was considered a popular and successful 846:

even before he was ordained a priest on 31 December 1837 by the

624:, influencing the thoughts of his successors. He influenced the 10079:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

9522: 9432: 9337: 6832:, Clarke, John Clarke trans (3rd ed.), Washington, DC: ICS 6258:"Like a perpetual sickness" – "Die Gebete nach der hl. Messe", 4447: 2753: 2482: 2453: 2445: 2412:

from Spain. In a 1902 meeting with Philippine Governor-General

2328: 2084:

1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State

1936: 1391: 1208:; however, it was stymied by his opponent, Cardinal Antonelli. 1092:, which aimed at the Papal States' annihilation to achieve the 722: 629: 106: 6401:"Leo forecasts death, expresses desire that Gotti succeed him" 2560:. The superintendence of the Leonine edition was entrusted to 2018:

led to significant restrictions on the Catholic Church in the

1357:

He retained the administration of the Perugia see until 1880.

1104:

In the consistory of 19 December 1853, he was elevated to the

4825:"Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, aka Pope Leo XIII" 4690:

for her mission in the United States in 1889 and thereafter.

2629: 2357: 2119: 1928:, and also appeared on a poster endorsing it. Leo XIII was a 730: 710: 438:

Bishops consecrated by Pope Leo XIII as principal consecrator

5748:

Historia de la guerra de América entre Chile, Perú y Bolivia

7352: 5981:"Co-Redemptrix as Dogma? : University of Dayton, Ohio" 5752:

History of the American war between Chile, Peru and Bolivia

5282:(encyclical), Catholic forum, 4 August 1879, archived from 4466: 4368: 2481:, Leo XIII in 1879 elevated his brother, Giuseppe Pecci, a 2368:

in January 1881. The Chilean soldiers looted the cities of

2285:, the archbishop of that city, to the cardinalate in 1886. 1235: 246: 6537:"A look at the oldest popes of history, including Francis" 4616:

only briefly after his funeral; he was later moved to the

2718:

was raised into the College of Cardinals by Pope Leo XIII.

2515:

to an archconfraternity. He also approved the Scapular of

2428:

beginning in 1884. In 1887, he approved the foundation of

969: 9968:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

7066: 6349:"Pope Leo XIII suffering from severe attack of pneumonia" 4770:[dʒoakˈkiːnovinˈtʃɛntsoraffaˈɛːleluˈiːdʒiˈpettʃi] 938:

in Rome was opened; 102 years later, in 1946, the future

876:, a province of 100,000. On 17 July 1841, he was sent to 681:

before his remains were later transferred in 1924 to the

7094:(text with concordances and frequency list). Intra text. 5564: 5552: 5540: 5447:. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. 5347:

Poison Pills: The Untold Story of the Vioxx Drug Scandal

3966:

to the Sacred College. Other noteworthy inclusions were

2606:

Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd

2539:. On 4 August 1879, Leo XIII promulgated the encyclical 1266:(9 January 1878) distracted the government's attention. 1231:

Depiction of Leo XIII's papal coronation – image c. 1900

10869:

19th-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops

6512:"Benedict XVI, First Modern Pope to Resign, Dies at 95" 5962: 5351:(1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books. pp. 5253: 4388:

In 1901, Pope Leo XIII welcomed Eugenio Pacelli, later

4330:. He beatified several of the English martyrs in 1895. 1157: 803:

In 1828, the 18-year-old Vincenzo decided in favour of

709:, near Rome, he was the sixth of the seven children of 657:

was also a vital mission of the church as a vehicle of

4517:

On 30 June 1903, Leo XIII reported slight feelings of

833: 688: 9999:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

7071:

The Pope arrives in a carriage and bestows a blessing

636:. Upon his election, he immediately sought to revive 10347: 5817: 5175: 5163: 5151: 4407:

On a pilgrimage with her father and sister in 1887,

5114: 5102: 5046: 5016: 4987: 4975: 4963: 4928: 4900: 4077: 3938:as a cardinal while also elevating his own brother 922:On 27 April 1843, Pope Gregory XVI appointed Pecci 9072: 7086:Colorized film of Pope Leo XIII in 1896 on YouTube 6827: 6037:. Philadelphia: P.W. Ziegler & Co. p. 607 5344: 5198: 4916: 4854: 2265:In 1889, Pope Leo XIII authorized the founding of 1072:, which focused on low-income people and provided 10964:People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital 10904:Burials at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 7011:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 437–439. 6510:Fisher, Ian; Donadio, Rachel (31 December 2022). 5240:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 437–439. 5067:A Modern Inquisition and the Unification of Italy 4842: 2580:Faculty of Philosophy in 1882 and its Faculty of 1955:Official portrait of Leo XIII taken in April 1878 1289:" candidate; however, Cardinals Flavio Chigi and 1239:Portrait depiction of Leo XIII's papal coronation 10845: 10069:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 7351: 5896:Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices 5811:The Italian American Experience. An Encyclopedia 5511:The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity 4753:Portrait from the archives of the United States 4157:Leo XIII beatified several of his predecessors: 2703:" of 1894 to preserving Eastern Rite liturgies. 2307:, a special envoy planning the commemoration of 4803:. University of California Press. p. 106. 3950:in 1903. The pope also nominated the brothers, 1149:Pecci defended the papacy and its claims. When 1135:Allegedly, Pecci had been a cardinal reserved " 1032:and it was in this council that the need for a 891: 554:; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was head of the 6840:The Master Diplomat; From the Life of Leo XIII 5966:The foot of the Cross; or, The sorrows of Mary 5514:. University of California Press. p. 55. 4665:'s singing; a recording of his praying of the 4642: 2649:. His consecration of the entire world to the 677:After his death in 1903, he was buried in the 10333: 9058: 7337: 6888: 6509: 5687: 5623: 4209:(whom he later canonized) on 19 February 1888 4092:the following saints during his pontificate: 4016:the Polish priest and former Curial official 3841: 2685:pointed out 50 years later in his encyclical 2570:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas 1815: 27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1878 to 1903 6995: 6847: 6665:, paragraph 67, accessed on 4 September 2024 6184: 6085:The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs 5672: 5224: 4953:"Catholic Encyclopedia : Pope Leo XIII" 4594:(1145–1241), who died at the age of 96; and 2356:He bestowed his pontifical benediction over 842:appointed the 27-year-old Pecci as personal 4007:participants of the First Vatican Council, 2448:and others went to Tanganyika (present-day 2273:, and granted it Papal degrees in theology. 946:, carefully reviewing the condition of the 10340: 10326: 10084:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 10034:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 9065: 9051: 7344: 7330: 7050:. Catholic Community Forum. Archived from 6944:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6889:Franzen, August; Bäumer, Remigius (1988), 6883:], Eos (in German), et al, St Ottilien 6842:, Wolson, Ilya trans, New York: Alba House 6820:Saints and Sinners, A History of the Popes 6215:(in French). l'Eglise Catholique en France 6106:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5946: 5658:"CRIA: Commercial Research Image Archives" 5594:] (in Italian). Vol. 7. Firenze: 5420: 5388:. Mayfield Publishing Company. p. 6. 5194: 5192: 5190: 5004: 5002: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4686:in several scenes offering his support to 4498:Pope Leo XIII lying in state in July 1903. 3848: 3834: 3578:Christian Democrat Organization of America 2647:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 1897:in 1891, he ordered the construction of a 1822: 1808: 1384: 1056:Archbishop Pecci aids the poor in Perugia. 911:In 1843, Pecci, at only 33, was appointed 666:, which had been dissolved by 1870, since 283: 271: 55: 10959:Participants in the First Vatican Council 10368:Historical-critical exegesis of the Bible 7024:Pecci, Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi 6929: 6168:, Vol. V, No. 3 & 4, 1995, pp. 11–13. 6146: 5969:. Thomas Richardson and Son. p. 448. 5721:Pecci, Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi 5610:Pecci, Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi 5570: 5558: 5546: 5299:Pecci, Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi 4790: 4657:, the first time a Pope appeared on film. 4084:List of saints canonized by Pope Leo XIII 3981:In 1880, the pope named three cardinals " 2694: 2424:Pope Leo XIII sanctioned the missions to 1184:In August 1877, on the death of Cardinal 7048:"Pope Leo XIII, overview of pontificate" 6423:"Lumen de coelo nunc est lumen in coelo" 6189:. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church 5693: 5495:A History of the Popes: Vicars of Christ 5492: 5467: 5431:The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 5383: 5377: 5320:. EWTN. 22 February 1996. Archived from 5009:Miranda, Salvador. "Pecci, Gioacchino", 4646: 4437: 4383: 4333: 4117:Seven Holy Founders of the Servite Order 3881: 3866: 2710: 2591: 2550:Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas 2469: 2260: 2114:in 1879, he elevated his older brother, 2093: 1950: 1856: 1354:people of Rome and the world at 1:15pm. 1234: 1226: 1051: 1047: 978: 895: 692: 552:Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci 207:Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci 7136:Newspaper clippings about Pope Leo XIII 6992:, Philadelphia: P. W. Ziegler & Co. 6864: 6235:"St. Cosmas – Saints & Angels" 6140: 6081: 5765: 5745: 5678: 5585: 5581: 5579: 5468:Emperor), William I.I. (German (1922). 5187: 4999: 4940: 4796: 4590:(574-681), who died at the age of 107; 4450:in his hand due to a poorly undertaken 4404:, who would be pope from 1914 to 1922. 4039:In 1897, the pope intended to name the 2968:Friendly separation of church and state 2706: 2477:in 1887. At the urgent requests of the 1170:, was to take place in the Vatican per 1144: 970:Archbishop-Bishop of Perugia, 1846–1878 622:social doctrines of the Catholic Church 14: 10846: 7107: 6960: 6912: 6874: 6852:, New York: Charles L Webster & Co 6447:, (Oxford University Press, 2004), 98. 6425:. The Catholic Telegraph. 23 July 1903 6395: 6393: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6034:The Life of His Holiness Pope Leo XIII 6030: 5877: 5766:Mathias, Joseph Benedict (June 2015). 5011:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church 4521:and said that he would take a dose of 4371:(13 November 1899) – he named him as " 2325:First Plenary Council of Latin America 10321: 9046: 7325: 7265:22 September 1877 – 20 February 1878 6898: 6817: 6698:, Taylor & Francis, p. 266, 6370: 6368: 6366: 6343: 6341: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6174: 5823: 5719: 5507: 5297: 5249: 5247: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5181: 5169: 5157: 5131: 5129: 5120: 5108: 5052: 5022: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4934: 4922: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4875:A Generation of Materialism 1871–1900 4872: 4860: 4848: 4768: 4735:Restoration of the Scottish hierarchy 3906:Die Arbeiterfrage und das Christentum 3588:European Christian Political Movement 3451:Christian Democratic Union of Germany 1023: 919:'s hat after completion of the tour. 10909:Camerlengos of the Holy Roman Church 10796: 10691:Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy 7108:Keller, Rev. Joseph E., ed. (1883). 6691: 6482: 5893: 5576: 5442: 5342: 5064: 4700:List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII 4048:Johannes Montel Edler von Treuenfels 2778:List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII 2495:List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII 2430:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo 2396:, who founded the Seminary in 1893. 2323:Pope Leo XIII is remembered for the 2186:(20 April 1888) condemned the Irish 1946: 1211: 1158:Organizing the First Vatican Council 10826: 9938:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 7261:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church 7063:(silent film, available in UK only) 6561: 6403:. The Saint Paul Globe. 6 July 1903 6390: 6309:"The Illness and Death of the Pope" 6292: 6114: 5898:, Our Sunday Visitor, p. 166, 5034:Laatste Nieuws (Het) 1 January 1910 4775:Joachim Vincent Raphael Louis Pecci 4338:Leo XIII named four individuals as 3446:Christian Democratic People's Party 2771: 2499:Leo XIII also approved a number of 1179:the mother of material civilization 834:Provincial administrator, 1837–1843 701:in which the Pecci brothers grew up 689:Early life and education, 1810–1836 525:Giuseppe Antonio Ermenegildo Prisco 144:Camerlengo of the Apostolic Chamber 24: 9493:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 6982: 6837: 6363: 6351:. The Lafayette News. 11 July 1903 6338: 6265: 6171: 6126:Dizionario Biografico dei Friulani 5681:National Museum of Natural History 5244: 5209: 5126: 4881: 4349:(28 July 1882) – he named him as " 4252:Rodolfo Acquaviva and 4 Companions 2756:in 11 encyclicals, was called the 2748:, became known as the Pope of the 2299:In 1892, Pope Leo XIII opened the 2279:Third Plenary Council of Baltimore 1924:gold medal to the wine's creator, 974: 25: 10985: 10914:Cardinals created by Pope Pius IX 10632:Annales de philosophie chrétienne 7028:"Encyclicals and other documents" 7022: 7016: 6990:The Life of His Holiness Leo XIII 6798:The Popes and European Revolution 6586:"Pope Adrian I - PopeHistory.com" 6006:"Pope Francis on 'Co-Redemptrix'" 5920:Pope’s prayer intentions for 2022 5608: 5427:"Pope Leo XIII and his Household" 4454:procedure for a previous malady. 3598:Conservative Christian Fellowship 3461:Christian Social Union in Bavaria 2419: 2141: 2056:Roman Empire of the German nation 1315:Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso 1305:, Chigi, Lorenzo Ilarione Randi, 1196:or the position of datary of the 915:, a position that guaranteed the 763:Count and Countess Pecci, parents 10825: 10816: 10815: 10806: 10805: 10795: 10777: 10765: 10349:Modernism in the Catholic Church 10300: 10288: 9619:Fourth Council of Constantinople 9574:Second Council of Constantinople 9024: 9013: 9012: 7292:20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 7128: 6932:Papstgeschichte der neueren Zeit 6780:A History of the Popes 1830–1914 6464:. Guinness World Records Limited 5963:Frederick William Faber (1858). 5199:O'Reilly, D.D., Bernard (1886). 4720:List of popes by length of reign 4503: 4491: 4078:Canonizations and beatifications 3860: 3817: 3436:Christian Democratic and Flemish 2801: 2587: 2548:Pope Leo XIII later created the 2256: 1791: 934:In 1844, upon his initiative, a 869:with the neighboring provinces. 753: 744: 626:Mariology of the Catholic Church 567:(his immediate predecessor) and 138:Cardinal-Priest of San Crisogono 9589:Third Council of Constantinople 9513:First Council of Constantinople 7099:Works by or about Pope Leo XIII 6867:Leo XIII – Papst und Staatsmann 6767: 6738: 6712: 6692:Abel, Richard (1 August 2004), 6685: 6668: 6655: 6629: 6604: 6578: 6555: 6543:. Aleteia SAS. 16 December 2021 6529: 6503: 6476: 6450: 6437: 6415: 6319:(4169): 253–255. 25 July 1903. 6252: 6227: 6201: 6075: 6049: 6024: 5998: 5973: 5956: 5940: 5925: 5912: 5887: 5871: 5850: 5829: 5803: 5778: 5759: 5739: 5713: 5655: 5649: 5602: 5501: 5486: 5461: 5436: 5410:The Elusive Secret of Long Life 5402: 5336: 5310: 5291: 5270: 5083: 5058: 5037: 5028: 4682:, Pope Leo XIII is depicted by 4353:" ("Doctor of the Incarnation") 4304:Dénis Berthelot of the Nativity 3919: 3573:Centrist Democrat International 3456:Christian Social People's Party 2664:Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network 2598:Sister Mary of the Divine Heart 2556:, of the complete works of the 2215:Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey 2148:restored the Scottish hierarchy 948:Catholic Church in that country 120:Titular Archbishop of Tamiathis 10954:Occupational safety and health 10556:Pontifical Biblical Commission 10383:Quest for the historical Jesus 9828:Dissolution of the monasteries 9094:History of the Catholic Church 6963:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 6869:, Herder (in German), Freiburg 6485:"Pope Benedict XVI dies at 95" 6209:"Bienheureux Pierre Berthelot" 6082:Hopkins, John Castell (1924). 6031:Clarke, Richard Henry (1903). 5497:. MJF Books. pp. 404–405. 4866: 4817: 4759: 4747: 4624:, who will be interred at the 4618:Basilica of Saint John Lateran 4539:Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano 4308:Redento Rodríguez of the Cross 4013:Friedrich Egon von Fürstenberg 3970:(later beatified in 1987) and 2564:, professor and rector of the 2432:, which were organized by the 2399: 2290:Catholic University of America 2267:Catholic University of America 1413:Social teachings of the papacy 1360: 1299:Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano 1099: 991:In 1843, Pecci had been named 857:(provincial administrator) to 683:Basilica of Saint John Lateran 13: 1: 10610:José de Calasanz Vives y Tutó 9702:Fourth Council of the Lateran 9677:Second Council of the Lateran 9286:Apostles in the New Testament 7111:Life and Acts of Pope Leo XII 6954: 6921:] (in German), Kevelaer, 6893:(in German), Freiburg: Herder 6772: 6612:"Popes Buried in St. Peter's" 6325:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)50670-4 6278:"The Illness of His Holiness" 6147:B. Miller (21 January 2015). 5772:Catholic Theology and Thought 5493:Coulombe, Charles A. (2003). 5254:Roger-François-Marie Aubert. 4784: 4705:Cardinals created by Leo XIII 4286:Louis Gabriel Taurin Dufresse 4169:(9 March 1898). He canonized 3926:Cardinals created by Leo XIII 3902:Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler 2669: 2566:Collegium Divi Thomae de Urbe 2489:theologian, into their ranks. 2404:Leo XIII was pope during the 1262:and the sudden death of King 1260:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 1188:, Pope Pius IX appointed him 872:Pecci was first destined for 782:Giovanni Battista (1802–1881) 10899:Apostolic nuncios to Belgium 10590:Twenty-four Thomistic theses 9816:Catholic Counter-Reformation 9682:Third Council of the Lateran 9672:First Council of the Lateran 9128:Catholic ecumenical councils 7234:Archbishop-Bishop of Perugia 7002:"Leo (popes)/Leo XIII" 6858: 6695:Encyclopedia of early cinema 6376:"Pope Leo XIII facing death" 5231:"Leo (popes)/Leo XIII" 4901:James Martin Miller (1908). 4535:Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro 4472:Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro 4379: 4052:Dominican procurator general 2733: 2525:Scapular of the Sacred Heart 2438:Giovanni Battista Scalabrini 2378:Biblioteca Nacional del Perú 2313:World's Columbian Exposition 2108:incarceration-in-the-Vatican 1166:, which became known as the 892:Nuncio to Belgium, 1843–1846 640:, the theological system of 495:Jean Baptiste François Pitra 132:Archbishop-Bishop of Perugia 7: 7167:Apostolic Nuncio to Belgium 7140:20th Century Press Archives 7127:(public domain audiobooks) 7060:"Pope Leo XIII in Carriage" 6999:; Bryant, Margaret (1911). 6828:Thérèse of Lisieux (1996), 6680:, Archive, 30 November 1902 6260:Theol-Prakt. Quartalschrift 5947:von Pastor, Ludwig (1950), 5882:, London: Burns & Oates 5856:Francis de Zulueta (2008), 5596:Casa Editrice G. C. Sansoni 5586:Martire, Egilberto (1951). 5384:Inciardi, James A. (1992). 5228:; Bryant, Margaret (1911). 4873:Hayes, Carlton J.H (1941). 4693: 4654:Sua Santità papa Leone XIII 4643:In sound recording and film 4631: 4541:in their capacities as the 4375:" ("Doctor of the English") 3603:Centre for European Studies 3536:Popular Republican Movement 3431:Christian Democratic Appeal 2699:He devoted his encyclical " 2503:. In 1885, he approved the 2459: 2341:. In 1897 he published the 2228: 1311:Raffaele Monaco La Valletta 1216: 1126:Cardinal Secretary of State 1040:. He called on his brother 913:Apostolic Nuncio to Belgium 817:Cardinal Secretary of State 126:Apostolic Nuncio to Belgium 10: 10990: 10615:Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange 9162:History of the Roman Curia 7315:1. Retained personal title 7194:Giovanni Giacomo Sinibaldi 6988:Richard H. Clarke (1903), 6848:O'Reilly, Bernard (1887), 6280:. The Pilot. 25 March 1899 6122:"Missia Jakob (1838–1902)" 6057:"Australian Cardinal Dead" 5835:Henry Charles Lea (2002), 4298:Maria Maddalena Martinengo 4276:Ignatius Delgado y Cebrian 4081: 3923: 3593:Konrad Adenauer Foundation 3441:Christian Democratic Party 2775: 2740:Mariology of Pope Leo XIII 2737: 2530: 2492: 2463: 2158:, who would eventually be 1996: 1963: 1250:should take a hand in the 1220: 10760: 10699: 10681: 10623: 10522: 10401: 10355: 10283: 10183: 10049: 9976: 9911: 9898:European wars of religion 9795: 9730: 9632: 9554: 9445: 9368: 9228: 9217: 9209:Eastern Catholic Churches 9084: 9008: 8935: 8875: 8814: 8805: 8619: 8333: 7932: 7636: 7430: 7363: 7313: 7304: 7294: 7285: 7277: 7267: 7258: 7250: 7240: 7231: 7223: 7213: 7198: 7190: 7183: 7173: 7164: 7156: 7151: 7038:(texts & biography). 6930:Schmidlin, Josef (1934), 6875:Bäumer, Remigius (1992), 6378:. The Pilot. 11 July 1903 4433: 4222:Giovanni Giovenale Ancina 4207:Jean-Baptiste de La Salle 3618:Center for Public Justice 3476:Croatian Democratic Union 3416:American Solidarity Party 2730:, an Austrian historian. 2657: 2505:Scapular of the Holy Face 2466:Theology of Pope Leo XIII 2394:Ladislaus Michael Zaleski 2360:troops on the eve of the 2318: 2061: 1978:in which he reminded the 1959: 1935:His favourite poets were 1908:Leo was a drinker of the 523: 513: 503: 493: 483: 473: 463: 453: 443: 436: 429: 425: 413: 401: 394: 386: 381:Giuseppe Maria Castellani 370: 360: 353: 345: 333: 326: 319: 315: 302: 291: 279: 267: 256: 232: 202: 197: 184: 171: 158: 153: 112: 102: 92: 84: 76: 66: 54: 47: 34: 10653:Revue du clergé français 10574:Pascendi Dominici gregis 10029:Mary of the Divine Heart 9652:Clash against the empire 9604:Second Council of Nicaea 9498:Old St. Peter's Basilica 7207:Archbishop of Tamiathis 6997:Hutton, Arthur Wollaston 6811:26 November 2020 at the 6677:Pope Leo XIII, 1810–1910 6462:guinnessworldrecords.com 5696:Naval War College Review 5443:Ross, Ronald J. (1998). 5226:Hutton, Arthur Wollaston 4740: 4482: 4326:He approved the cult of 4258:Diego José López-Caamaño 4147:John Baptist de la Salle 4034:Primate of South America 3741:Christian libertarianism 3679:Sollicitudo rei socialis 3015:Environmental protection 2819:Catholic social teaching 2614:Mary of the Divine Heart 2523:, both in 1893, and the 2517:Our Lady of Good Counsel 2513:Priests of the Holy Face 2383: 2351: 2208: 2089: 1970:Pope Leo XIII and Poland 1966:Pope Leo XIII and Russia 1850:. He also refounded the 1647:Sollicitudo rei socialis 1378:Catholic social teaching 1319:Johann Baptist Franzelin 983:Archbishop Pecci enters 583:, Pope Leo outlined the 10944:Italian anti-communists 10784:Vatican City portal 10295:Vatican City portal 9647:Investiture Controversy 9503:First Council of Nicaea 8826:During the Roman Empire 7227:Carlo Filesio Cittadini 7008:Encyclopædia Britannica 6913:Quardt, Robert (1964), 6822:, Yale University Press 6565:"Pope Gregory IX" 5933:Divino Afflante Spiritu 5858:Early Steps In The Fold 5746:Caivano, Tomas (1907), 5635:Minneapolis Daily Times 5237:Encyclopædia Britannica 4730:Prayer to Saint Michael 4420:Prayer to Saint Michael 4228:Pompilio Maria Pirrotti 4055:Hyacinthe-Marie Cormier 3912:introduced the idea of 3877:National Gallery of Art 3583:European People's Party 3421:Austrian People's Party 2688:Divino afflante Spiritu 2674:In his 1893 encyclical 2576:. Leo also founded the 2235:Ferdinand I of Bulgaria 2154:the convert theologian 2134:, an idea that Emperor 2078:. At the advisement of 1916:, a precursor drink to 1844:Vatican Secret Archives 1162:On 8 December 1869, an 1006:revolutionary movements 737:on his mother's side. 729:until 1824. He enjoyed 595:, and the formation of 593:safe working conditions 61:Official portrait, 1898 10772:Catholicism portal 10580:Oath Against Modernism 10567:Lamentabili sane exitu 10307:Catholicism portal 10118:Second Vatican Council 10004:Our Lady of La Salette 9811:Protestant Reformation 9798:Protestant Reformation 9717:Second Council of Lyon 9106:Ecclesiastical history 9031:Catholic Church Portal 8891:Conflicts with the HRE 7244:Federico Pietro Foschi 7185:Catholic Church titles 7121:Works by Pope Leo XIII 6925:: Butzon & Bercker 6865:Ernesti, Jörg (2019), 6187:"Lep XIII (1878–1903)" 6088:. Toronto. p. 458 5922:, accessed 2 June 2023 5878:Chasle, Louis (1906), 5839:, Adamant Media Corp. 5618:(in Latin), New Advent 5588:Enciclopedia Cattolica 5508:Fehér, Ferenc (1990). 5417:. (9 March 1903). p. 2 5065:Lang, Ariella (2008). 4658: 4614:Saint Peter's Basilica 4443: 4393: 4292:John Lantrua of Triora 4022:Archbishop of Santiago 3891: 3879: 3608:European Ideas Network 2886:Economic progressivism 2719: 2695:Eastern Rite Catholics 2643:First Friday Devotions 2624:in the Convent of the 2609: 2562:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 2521:Scapular of St. Joseph 2490: 2274: 2243:House of Bourbon-Parma 2180:Portuguese authorities 2099: 1956: 1895:fifth cholera pandemic 1866: 1798:Catholicism portal 1749:René de La Tour du Pin 1569:Second Vatican Council 1271:church–state relations 1240: 1232: 1057: 988: 908: 776:Anna Maria (1798–1870) 702: 628:and promoted both the 599:, while affirming the 547: 355:Episcopal consecration 293:Other popes named Leo 10474:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 10464:Lucien Laberthonnière 10014:First Vatican Council 9712:First Council of Lyon 9476:Constantine the Great 9172:Christian monasticism 8807:History of the papacy 7201:— TITULAR — 6899:Kühne, Benno (1880), 6818:Duffy, Eamon (1997), 6661:Pope Paul VI (1964), 6616:stpetersbasilica.info 6571:Catholic Encyclopedia 6562:Ott, Michael (1909). 5592:Catholic Encyclopedia 5343:Nesi, Thomas (2008). 5202:Life of Pope Leo XIII 4797:Gifford, Don (1982). 4650: 4442:Pope Leo XIII in 1887 4441: 4424:Michael the Archangel 4387: 4340:Doctors of the Church 4334:Doctors of the Church 4110:Benedict Joseph Labre 4102:John Baptist de Rossi 3885: 3870: 3746:Christian nationalism 3531:Polish People's Party 3501:National Action Party 2990:Social market economy 2948:Person Dignity Theory 2861:Consistent life ethic 2824:Christian corporatism 2750:Immaculate Conception 2714: 2677:Providentissimus Deus 2651:Sacred Heart of Jesus 2626:Good Shepherd Sisters 2595: 2493:Further information: 2473: 2305:William Eleroy Curtis 2264: 2097: 1954: 1903:Domus Sanctae Marthae 1890:and other countries. 1860: 1434:Tranquillitas ordinis 1238: 1230: 1168:First Vatican Council 1122:suburbicarian diocese 1055: 1048:Charitable activities 997:Archbishop of Perugia 982: 899: 838:On 14 February 1837, 824:Giuseppe Antonio Sala 696: 361:Principal consecrator 305:Ordination history of 10605:Rafael Merry del Val 10504:Dalmace Sertillanges 10484:Eudoxe Irénée Mignot 10191:Sexual abuse scandal 10100:Mit brennender Sorge 9943:Age of Enlightenment 9722:Bernard of Clairvaux 9599:Byzantine Iconoclasm 9538:Council of Chalcedon 9318:Council of Jerusalem 9187:Role in civilization 9167:Religious institutes 9099:By country or region 8969:Revolutionary Papacy 8963:Age of Enlightenment 7307:Notes and references 6934:(in German), München 5668:on 29 November 2019. 5631:"The Public Schools" 5090:"Notices of books". 4829:www.familysearch.org 4626:Santa Maria Maggiore 4564:Girolamo Maria Gotti 4351:Doctor Incarnationis 4328:Cosmas of Aphrodisia 4322:on 30 September 1900 4316:on 23 September 1900 4106:Lawrence of Brindisi 3972:Girolamo Maria Gotti 3968:Andrea Carlo Ferrari 3871:Charles M. Johnson, 3658:Graves de communi re 3651:Populorum progressio 2707:Theological research 2701:Orientalium dignitas 2618:Droste zu Vischering 2479:College of Cardinals 2406:Spanish–American War 2362:Battle of Chorrillos 2339:abolition of slavery 2309:Christopher Columbus 2219:Virgin of Montserrat 2203:Doctor of the Church 2040:Christian democratic 1912:-infused wine tonic 1616:Populorum progressio 1609:Octogesima adveniens 1487:Mit brennender Sorge 1336:Henry Edward Manning 1145:Defending the papacy 1106:College of Cardinals 1094:Unification of Italy 1070:Bank, Monte di Pietà 900:Archbishop Pecci as 791:Fernando (1813–1830) 779:Caterina (1800–1867) 505:Bartholomew Woodlock 431:Episcopal succession 10884:Angelic visionaries 10459:Friedrich von Hügel 10019:Papal infallibility 10009:Our Lady of Lourdes 9958:Shimabara Rebellion 9802:Counter-Reformation 8816:Antiquity and Early 8620:17th–21st centuries 8334:13th–16th centuries 7065:. 1898 – via 6919:The Master Diplomat 6915:Der Meisterdiplomat 6789:24 May 2018 at the 5813:. 2003. p. 21. 5386:The War on Drugs II 5286:on 25 February 2007 4755:Library of Congress 4663:Alessandro Moreschi 4612:He was entombed in 4551:Serafino Vannutelli 4347:Cyril of Alexandria 4314:Jeanne de Lestonnac 4215:on 26 February 1888 4203:on 29 December 1886 4185:Giancarlo Melchiori 4165:(23 July 1887) and 4129:Alphonsus Rodriguez 4098:Clare of Montefalco 4072:Antonio Mele-Virdis 4041:Archbishop of Turin 3956:Vincenzo Vannutelli 3824:Christianity portal 3763:Religious democracy 3729:Christian socialism 3724:Christian communism 3719:Christian anarchism 3426:Christian Democracy 2975:Religious pluralism 2943:Option for the poor 2795:Christian democracy 2511:) and elevated the 2414:William Howard Taft 2223:Catalan nationalism 2024:Jesuits Law of 1872 1852:Vatican Observatory 1685:Caritas in veritate 1494:Non abbiamo bisogno 1344:Edward Henry Howard 1223:1878 papal conclave 1204:as the prefect for 1194:bishopric of Albano 1090:Italian nationalism 809:Academia dei Nobili 769:His siblings were: 655:political sociology 377:Fabio Maria Asquini 328:Priestly ordination 10924:Critics of Marxism 10919:Critics of atheism 10879:20th-century popes 10874:19th-century popes 10752:Christoph Theobald 10732:François Laplanche 10639:La Justice sociale 10545:Syllabus of Errors 10373:Biblical inerrancy 10064:Our Lady of Fátima 9853:Ignatius of Loyola 9777:Catherine of Siena 9745:Pope Boniface VIII 9564:Benedict of Nursia 9533:Council of Ephesus 9370:Ante-Nicene period 9323:Split with Judaism 9157:Crusading movement 8951:Reformation Papacy 8945:Renaissance Papacy 8887:(1012–1044 / 1048) 8840:Ostrogothic Papacy 7933:9th–12th centuries 7254:Filippo de Angelis 7177:Innocenzo Ferrieri 6881:Dictionary of Mary 6750:Religion Unplugged 6726:. 13 November 2023 6643:. 13 December 2023 6516:The New York Times 6262:87 (1934), 162–163 6185:Salvador Miranda. 6061:The New York Times 6012:. 12 December 2019 5894:Ball, Ann (2003), 5754:] (in Spanish) 5662:www.criaimages.com 5474:. pp. 204–207 5415:Arizona Republican 5205:. Jubilee edition. 5139:. New Advent. 1910 4684:Giancarlo Giannini 4676:In the 2024 film, 4659: 4543:Secretary of State 4444: 4409:Thérèse of Lisieux 4398:Collegio Capranica 4394: 4369:Bede the Venerable 4357:Cyril of Jerusalem 4280:Martyrs of Vietnam 4270:Francis Regis Clet 4266:on 12 January 1896 4264:Bernardino Realino 4246:Antonio Baldinucci 4236:on 29 January 1893 4230:on 26 January 1890 4224:on 9 February 1890 4187:on 22 January 1882 4030:Archbishop of Lima 4028:objected that the 3892: 3880: 3613:Schuman Foundation 3000:Sphere sovereignty 2720: 2616:, the countess of 2610: 2491: 2434:Bishop of Piacenza 2366:War of the Pacific 2281:(1884) and raised 2275: 2239:Prince of Bulgaria 2199:Bede the Venerable 2100: 1957: 1867: 1578:Dignitatis humanae 1480:Divini redemptoris 1332:Domenico Bartolini 1295:Alessandro Franchi 1291:Tommaso Martinelli 1264:Victor Emmanuel II 1241: 1233: 1202:Alessandro Barnabò 1186:Filippo de Angelis 1164:ecumenical council 1074:low-interest loans 1062:Catholic charities 1058: 1034:Syllabus of Errors 1024:Provincial council 989: 909: 820:Luigi Lambruschini 703: 601:rights to property 365:Luigi Lambruschini 179:Luigi Lambruschini 10841: 10840: 10742:Jean-Marie Mayeur 10722:Étienne Fouilloux 10707:Giuseppe Alberigo 10585:Sodalitium Pianum 10444:Antonio Fogazzaro 10434:Ernesto Buonaiuti 10363:Biblical exegesis 10315: 10314: 10275:COVID-19 pandemic 10253:Pope Benedict XVI 10158:Pope John Paul II 9933:Pope Benedict XIV 9919:French Revolution 9903:Thirty Years' War 9893:Robert Bellarmine 9878:John of the Cross 9782:Pope Alexander VI 9767:Council of Vienne 9697:Francis of Assisi 9687:Pope Innocent III 9556:Early Middle Ages 9550: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9488:Arian controversy 9441: 9440: 9389:Apostolic Fathers 9040: 9039: 9004: 9003: 8896:Wandering Papacy 8859:Saeculum obscurum 8832:Under Constantine 7637:5th–8th centuries 7431:1st–4th centuries 7415:papal resignation 7320: 7319: 7316: 7309: 7295:Succeeded by 7271:Camillo di Pietro 7268:Succeeded by 7241:Succeeded by 7214:Succeeded by 7203: 7174:Succeeded by 7152:Diplomatic posts 6752:. 22 October 2021 6705:978-0-415-23440-5 6592:. 27 January 2017 6443:John-Peter Pham, 6164:First published: 5905:978-0-87973-910-2 5866:978-1-4086-6003-4 5723:(18 April 1897). 5395:978-1-55934-016-8 5301:(14 March 1891), 5092:The Dublin Review 5076:978-1-349-37407-6 4957:www.newadvent.org 4810:978-0-520-04610-8 4584:Pope Benedict XVI 4213:Inés de Benigánim 4127:(1599–1621), and 4115:15 January 1888: 4096:8 December 1881: 3936:John Henry Newman 3858: 3857: 3795:Ethical socialism 3758:Liberal democracy 3665:Quadragesimo anno 3623:Paneuropean Union 3511:Nationalist Party 2963:Religious liberty 2744:His predecessor, 2728:Ludwig von Pastor 2716:John Henry Newman 2507:, (also known as 2194:Apostolicae curae 2164:Pope Benedict XVI 2156:John Henry Newman 2138:gently rejected. 2080:Cardinal Rampolla 2076:Concordat of 1801 2003:Otto von Bismarck 1947:Foreign relations 1848:Ludwig von Pastor 1832: 1831: 1744:Gaspard Mermillod 1709:Evangelii gaudium 1676:Pope Benedict XVI 1631:Pope John Paul II 1547:Mater et magistra 1501:Quadragesimo anno 1334:, Monaco, Bilio, 1280:John Henry Newman 1212:Papacy, 1878–1903 1198:Apostolic Dataria 1130:Giacomo Antonelli 1066:homeless shelters 999:. In 1847, after 958:but also of King 940:Pope John Paul II 929:Cologne Cathedral 798:Collegium Romanum 773:Carlo (1793–1879) 585:rights of workers 561:Peter the Apostle 537: 536: 533: 532: 421: 420: 298: 297: 263:(Light in Heaven) 16:(Redirected from 10981: 10829: 10828: 10819: 10818: 10809: 10808: 10799: 10798: 10782: 10781: 10780: 10770: 10769: 10424:Joseph Bonsirven 10378:Synoptic problem 10342: 10335: 10328: 10319: 10318: 10305: 10304: 10293: 10292: 10291: 10270:Patriarch Kirill 10143:Pope John Paul I 9948:Anti-clericalism 9928:Pope Innocent XI 9848:Society of Jesus 9833:Council of Trent 9787:Age of Discovery 9732:Late Middle Ages 9634:High Middle Ages 9624:East–West Schism 9508:Pope Sylvester I 9454: 9453: 9443: 9442: 9353:General epistles 9348:Pauline epistles 9281:John the Baptist 9264:Great Commission 9226: 9225: 9177:Catholic culture 9067: 9060: 9053: 9044: 9043: 9028: 9016: 9015: 8936:Early Modern and 8846:Byzantine Papacy 8812: 8811: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7323: 7322: 7314: 7305: 7278:Preceded by 7251:Preceded by 7224:Preceded by 7199: 7191:Preceded by 7160:Raffaele Fornari 7157:Preceded by 7149: 7148: 7132: 7131: 7115: 7103:Internet Archive 7095: 7081:in Latin in 1903 7073: 7064: 7055: 7043: 7031: 7012: 7004: 6978: 6949: 6943: 6935: 6926: 6908: 6894: 6884: 6870: 6853: 6843: 6838:Quardt, Robert, 6833: 6823: 6796:Chadwick, Owen. 6778:Chadwick, Owen. 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6716: 6710: 6708: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6672: 6666: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6567: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6507: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6483:Scribner, Herb. 6480: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6454: 6448: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6397: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6372: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6345: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6305: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6274: 6263: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6182: 6169: 6166:Window Quarterly 6163: 6161: 6159: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6105: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6063:. 17 August 1911 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5960: 5954: 5952: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5929: 5923: 5916: 5910: 5908: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5875: 5869: 5860:, Miller Press, 5854: 5848: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5790:Christianity.com 5782: 5776: 5775: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5664:. Archived from 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5583: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5524:. Archived from 5505: 5499: 5498: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5454:978-0-81320894-7 5440: 5434: 5424: 5418: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5350: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5314: 5308: 5306: 5295: 5289: 5287: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5251: 5242: 5241: 5233: 5222: 5207: 5206: 5196: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5133: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5006: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4949: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4898: 4879: 4878: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4794: 4778: 4772: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4605:(31 years), and 4507: 4495: 4402:Pope Benedict XV 4365:(29 August 1890) 4363:John of Damascus 4260:on 22 April 1894 4254:on 30 April 1893 4248:on 16 April 1893 4173:on 2 June 1891. 4161:(14 July 1881), 4149:(1651–1719) and 4138:(1502–1539) and 4136:Anthony Zaccaria 4064:Vincenzo Tarozzi 3958:and the cousins 3888:Philip de László 3850: 3843: 3836: 3821: 3814: 3790:Social democracy 3751:Theoconservatism 3686:Centesimus annus 3672:Laborem exercens 3481:Democratic Rally 3061:Arizmendiarrieta 3010:Environmentalism 2928:Multiculturalism 2876:Dignity of labor 2866:Cultural mandate 2834:Communitarianism 2829:Christian ethics 2805: 2782: 2781: 2772:Social teachings 2724:Vatican Archives 2602:religious sister 2558:doctor angelicus 2343:Apostolic Letter 2301:Vatican archives 2271:Washington, D.C. 2188:Plan of Campaign 2130:, two cities in 2022:, including the 1824: 1817: 1810: 1796: 1795: 1779:G. K. Chesterton 1769:Joseph Bernardin 1661:Evangelium vitae 1654:Centesimus annus 1640:Laborem exercens 1524:Social teachings 1398: 1388: 1365: 1364: 1303:Pietro Giannelli 1248:Kingdom of Italy 964:Order of Leopold 944:Nicholas Wiseman 882:Pope Gregory XVI 851:Carlo Odescalchi 840:Pope Gregory XVI 757: 748: 707:Carpineto Romano 699:Carpineto Romano 679:Vatican Grottoes 607:, opposing both 485:Francesco Latoni 475:Edoardo Borromeo 459:19 November 1871 455:Carmelo Pascucci 449:19 November 1871 445:Antonio Briganti 432: 427: 426: 417:19 December 1853 404: 390:19 February 1843 373: 349:31 December 1837 340:Carlo Odescalchi 336: 322: 317: 316: 310: 306: 300: 299: 287: 275: 251:Kingdom of Italy 243:Apostolic Palace 239: 214:Carpineto Romano 198:Personal details 188:19 December 1853 185:Created cardinal 175:19 February 1843 166:Carlo Odescalchi 162:31 December 1837 113:Previous post(s) 80:20 February 1878 59: 32: 31: 21: 10989: 10988: 10984: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10979: 10978: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10837: 10778: 10776: 10764: 10756: 10727:Maurilio Guasco 10695: 10683: 10677: 10619: 10600:Umberto Benigni 10524: 10518: 10419:Maurice Blondel 10414:Pierre Batiffol 10409:Prosper Alfaric 10397: 10393:Social doctrine 10351: 10346: 10316: 10311: 10299: 10289: 10287: 10279: 10201:World Youth Day 10179: 10168:World Youth Day 10112:Pacem in terris 10106:Pope John XXIII 10045: 9972: 9963:Edict of Nantes 9921: 9917: 9907: 9873:Teresa of Ávila 9868:Tridentine Mass 9804: 9800: 9791: 9772:Knights Templar 9726: 9628: 9584:Gregorian chant 9542: 9468: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9449: 9437: 9364: 9233: 9221: 9213: 9080: 9078:Catholic Church 9071: 9041: 9036: 9000: 8983:(1929–present) 8937: 8931: 8885:Tusculan Papacy 8877: 8871: 8852:Frankish Papacy 8817: 8801: 8615: 8329: 7928: 7632: 7426: 7359: 7357:Catholic Church 7350: 7300: 7291: 7283: 7273: 7264: 7256: 7246: 7237: 7229: 7219: 7210: 7204: 7196: 7179: 7170: 7162: 7129: 7092:"Pope Leo XIII" 7090: 7062: 7058: 7054:on 3 June 2004. 7046: 7036:"Pope Leo XIII" 7034: 7019: 6985: 6983:Further reading 6957: 6937: 6936: 6891:Papstgeschichte 6861: 6813:Wayback Machine 6791:Wayback Machine 6775: 6770: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6729: 6727: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6690: 6686: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6610: 6609: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6590:popehistory.com 6584: 6583: 6579: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6535: 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6508: 6504: 6494: 6492: 6481: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6399: 6398: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6364: 6354: 6352: 6347: 6346: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6307: 6306: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6276: 6275: 6266: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6239:Catholic Online 6233: 6232: 6228: 6218: 6216: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6192: 6190: 6183: 6172: 6157: 6155: 6145: 6141: 6131: 6129: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6099: 6098: 6091: 6089: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5961: 5957: 5945: 5941: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5917: 5913: 5906: 5892: 5888: 5876: 5872: 5855: 5851: 5834: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5764: 5760: 5744: 5740: 5730: 5728: 5718: 5714: 5692: 5688: 5677: 5673: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5607: 5603: 5584: 5577: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5522: 5506: 5502: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5466: 5462: 5455: 5441: 5437: 5425: 5421: 5407: 5403: 5396: 5382: 5378: 5363: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5324:on 12 July 2018 5316: 5315: 5311: 5296: 5292: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5223: 5210: 5197: 5188: 5180: 5176: 5168: 5164: 5156: 5152: 5142: 5140: 5137:"Pope Leo XIII" 5135: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5007: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4980: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4951: 4950: 4941: 4933: 4929: 4921: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4899: 4882: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4847: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4781: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4696: 4645: 4634: 4592:Pope Gregory IX 4530:Vatican Gardens 4515: 4514: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4485: 4436: 4413:Carmelite order 4382: 4373:Anglorum doctor 4336: 4310:on 10 June 1900 4180:the following: 4108:(d. 1619), and 4086: 4080: 4044:Davide Riccardi 4026:Peruvian Church 4018:Stefan Pawlicki 3964:Angelo Jacobini 3942:, though not a 3928: 3922: 3865: 3854: 3812:Politics portal 3810: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3736:Christian right 3708: 3700: 3699: 3698: 3637: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3568:Catholic Action 3562: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3521:Patriotic Union 3410: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3210: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3055: 3047: 3046: 3045: 2958:Public morality 2901:Just war theory 2871:Culture of life 2813: 2780: 2774: 2742: 2736: 2709: 2697: 2672: 2660: 2622:Mother Superior 2590: 2572:, today called 2554:Leonine Edition 2533: 2497: 2468: 2462: 2422: 2402: 2386: 2354: 2321: 2259: 2231: 2211: 2144: 2092: 2074:to abolish the 2064: 2036:Catholic Action 1999: 1972: 1964:Main articles: 1962: 1949: 1930:semi-vegetarian 1920:. He awarded a 1842:and opened the 1828: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1738: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1702: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1678: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1633: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1602: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1585:Gaudium et spes 1571: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1554:Pacem in terris 1540: 1538:Pope John XXIII 1530: 1529: 1528: 1518: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1473: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1449: 1439: 1399: 1390: 1363: 1258:. However, the 1254:and occupy the 1225: 1219: 1214: 1206:Propaganda Fide 1160: 1147: 1110:Cardinal-Priest 1102: 1050: 1026: 993:papal assistant 977: 975:Papal assistant 972: 936:Belgian College 894: 836: 767: 766: 765: 764: 760: 759: 758: 750: 749: 691: 605:free enterprise 556:Catholic Church 439: 430: 402: 397: 379: 372:Co-consecrators 371: 356: 334: 329: 320: 311: 308: 307: 304: 241: 237: 228: 211: 209: 208: 189: 176: 163: 149: 71:Catholic Church 62: 43: 40: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10987: 10977: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10934:House of Pecci 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10833: 10823: 10813: 10793: 10787: 10786: 10774: 10761: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10703: 10701: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10693: 10687: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10675: 10663: 10656: 10649: 10642: 10635: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10570: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10541: 10534: 10528: 10526: 10523:Anti-modernist 10520: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10514:George Tyrrell 10511: 10506: 10501: 10499:Fernand Portal 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10469:Lucien Lacroix 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10439:Louis Duchesne 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10405: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10359: 10357: 10353: 10352: 10345: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10322: 10313: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10297: 10284: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10249: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10198: 10193: 10187: 10185: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10177: 10176: 10175: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10108: 10103: 10096: 10091: 10089:Lateran Treaty 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10055: 10053: 10047: 10046: 10044: 10043: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9980: 9978: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9924: 9922: 9914:Baroque period 9912: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9883:Peter Canisius 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9858:Francis Xavier 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9822:Exsurge Domine 9818: 9813: 9807: 9805: 9796: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9762:Pope Clement V 9759: 9758: 9757: 9755:Avignon Papacy 9750:Western Schism 9747: 9742: 9740:Thomas Aquinas 9736: 9734: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9638: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9594:Saint Boniface 9591: 9586: 9581: 9579:Pope Gregory I 9576: 9571: 9566: 9560: 9558: 9552: 9551: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9518:Biblical canon 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9484: 9483: 9472: 9470: 9451: 9447:Late antiquity 9439: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9408: 9407: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9394:Pope Clement I 9384:Church Fathers 9381: 9375: 9373: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9362: 9361: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9240: 9238: 9223: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9190: 9189: 9184: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9147: 9145:Biblical canon 9140:Catholic Bible 9137: 9136: 9135: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9102: 9101: 9090: 9088: 9082: 9081: 9070: 9069: 9062: 9055: 9047: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9022: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8996: 8990: 8978: 8975:Roman Question 8972: 8966: 8965:(c. 1640–1740) 8960: 8957:Baroque Papacy 8954: 8948: 8941: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8926:Western Schism 8923: 8920:Avignon Papacy 8917: 8916: 8915: 8909: 8903: 8894: 8888: 8881: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8869: 8866:Crescentii era 8863: 8855: 8849: 8843: 8837: 8836: 8835: 8822: 8820: 8809: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8672:Alexander VIII 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8055:Anastasius III 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7936: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7418: 7417: 7407: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7387: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7349: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7326: 7318: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7293: 7284: 7279: 7275: 7274: 7269: 7266: 7257: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7239: 7230: 7225: 7221: 7220: 7215: 7212: 7197: 7192: 7188: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7175: 7172: 7163: 7158: 7154: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7133: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7096: 7088: 7083: 7074: 7056: 7044: 7042:: The Vatican. 7032: 7018: 7017:External links 7015: 7014: 7013: 6993: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6927: 6910: 6901:Papst Leo XIII 6896: 6886: 6872: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6845: 6835: 6825: 6815: 6794: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6737: 6711: 6704: 6684: 6667: 6663:Ecclesiam Suam 6654: 6628: 6603: 6577: 6574:. Vol. 6. 6554: 6528: 6502: 6475: 6449: 6436: 6414: 6389: 6362: 6337: 6291: 6264: 6251: 6226: 6200: 6170: 6153:Horizon Weekly 6139: 6113: 6074: 6048: 6023: 5997: 5972: 5955: 5939: 5924: 5918:Vatican News, 5911: 5904: 5886: 5870: 5849: 5828: 5826:, p. 247. 5816: 5802: 5777: 5758: 5738: 5712: 5686: 5671: 5648: 5622: 5601: 5575: 5573:, p. 414. 5571:Schmidlin 1934 5563: 5561:, p. 413. 5559:Schmidlin 1934 5551: 5549:, p. 409. 5547:Schmidlin 1934 5539: 5528:on 29 May 2010 5520: 5500: 5485: 5460: 5453: 5435: 5419: 5401: 5394: 5376: 5361: 5335: 5309: 5290: 5269: 5243: 5208: 5186: 5184:, p. 129. 5174: 5172:, p. 105. 5162: 5160:, p. 102. 5150: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5082: 5075: 5057: 5045: 5036: 5027: 5015: 4998: 4986: 4974: 4962: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4880: 4877:. p. 142. 4865: 4853: 4841: 4816: 4809: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4692: 4688:Mother Cabrini 4644: 4641: 4633: 4630: 4588:Pope St Agatho 4509: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4435: 4432: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4366: 4360: 4359:(28 July 1882) 4354: 4335: 4332: 4324: 4323: 4320:Antonio Grassi 4317: 4311: 4301: 4300:on 3 June 1900 4295: 4294:on 27 May 1900 4289: 4288:on 27 May 1900 4283: 4282:on 27 May 1900 4273: 4272:on 27 May 1900 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4242:on 12 May 1893 4240:Leopoldo Croci 4237: 4234:Gerard Majella 4231: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4191:Edmund Campion 4188: 4155: 4154: 4151:Rita of Cascia 4143: 4132: 4125:John Berchmans 4113: 4082:Main article: 4079: 4076: 4059:Agapito Panici 3944:nepotistic act 3940:Giuseppe Pecci 3924:Main article: 3921: 3918: 3864: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3816: 3815: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3760: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3733: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3714:Christian left 3710: 3709: 3707:Related topics 3706: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3654: 3647: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3526:People's Party 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3506:National Party 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3471:Civic Platform 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3031: 3030: 3029: 3027:in Catholicism 3019: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2985:Social justice 2982: 2977: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2776:Main article: 2773: 2770: 2738:Main article: 2735: 2732: 2708: 2705: 2696: 2693: 2671: 2668: 2659: 2656: 2589: 2586: 2542:Aeterni Patris 2537:Thomas Aquinas 2532: 2529: 2485:and prominent 2475:Giuseppe Pecci 2464:Main article: 2461: 2458: 2426:Eastern Africa 2421: 2420:Evangelization 2418: 2401: 2398: 2390:Papal Seminary 2385: 2382: 2353: 2350: 2320: 2317: 2258: 2255: 2251:excommunicated 2247:Tsar Boris III 2230: 2227: 2210: 2207: 2143: 2142:United Kingdom 2140: 2136:Franz Joseph I 2091: 2088: 2068:Third Republic 2063: 2060: 1998: 1995: 1961: 1958: 1948: 1945: 1926:Angelo Mariani 1840:Thomas Aquinas 1830: 1829: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1774:Hilaire Belloc 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1754:Heinrich Pesch 1751: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1723:Fratelli tutti 1719: 1712: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1612: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1588: 1581: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1389: 1381: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1362: 1359: 1221:Main article: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1159: 1156: 1146: 1143: 1101: 1098: 1049: 1046: 1042:Giuseppe Pecci 1025: 1022: 976: 973: 971: 968: 893: 890: 848:Cardinal Vicar 835: 832: 805:secular clergy 793: 792: 789: 783: 780: 777: 774: 762: 761: 752: 751: 743: 742: 741: 740: 739: 735:Cola di Rienzo 714:Ludovico Pecci 690: 687: 672:Roman Question 659:social justice 647:Editio Leonina 642:Thomas Aquinas 535: 534: 531: 530: 527: 521: 520: 517: 515:Agostino Bausa 511: 510: 507: 501: 500: 497: 491: 490: 487: 481: 480: 477: 471: 470: 467: 465:Carlo Laurenzi 461: 460: 457: 451: 450: 447: 441: 440: 437: 434: 433: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 411: 410: 405: 399: 398: 395: 392: 391: 388: 384: 383: 374: 368: 367: 362: 358: 357: 354: 351: 350: 347: 343: 342: 337: 331: 330: 327: 324: 323: 313: 312: 303: 296: 295: 289: 288: 281: 277: 276: 269: 265: 264: 261:Lumen in coelo 258: 254: 253: 240:(aged 93) 234: 230: 229: 212: 206: 204: 200: 199: 195: 194: 186: 182: 181: 173: 169: 168: 160: 156: 155: 151: 150: 148: 147: 141: 135: 129: 123: 116: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 60: 52: 51: 49:Bishop of Rome 45: 44: 41: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10986: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10949:Italian popes 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10854:Pope Leo XIII 10852: 10851: 10849: 10832: 10824: 10822: 10814: 10812: 10804: 10803: 10802: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10788: 10785: 10775: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10762: 10759: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10698: 10692: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10680: 10673: 10672:Marc Sangnier 10669: 10668: 10664: 10662: 10661: 10660:Temps présent 10657: 10655: 10654: 10650: 10648: 10647: 10643: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10634: 10633: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10622: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10571: 10569: 10568: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10551:Pope Leo XIII 10549: 10547: 10546: 10542: 10540: 10539: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10521: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10509:Joseph Turmel 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10454:Albert Houtin 10452: 10450: 10449:Marcel Hébert 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10429:Henri Brémond 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10400: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10360: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10343: 10338: 10336: 10331: 10329: 10324: 10323: 10320: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10296: 10286: 10285: 10282: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10265: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10203: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10182: 10174: 10171: 10170: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10148:Mother Teresa 10146: 10144: 10141: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10101: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10074:Pope Pius XII 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10040:Rerum novarum 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10024:Pope Leo XIII 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9994:United States 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9984:Pope Pius VII 9982: 9981: 9979: 9975: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9823: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9799: 9794: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9756: 9753: 9752: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9667:Scholasticism 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9642:Pope Urban II 9640: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9553: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9459: 9455: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9418:Justin Martyr 9416: 9412: 9409: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9367: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9329: 9328:New Testament 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9291:Commissioning 9289: 9288: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235:Apostolic Age 9231: 9227: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9138: 9134: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9126: 9122: 9121:Papal primacy 9119: 9118: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9095: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9068: 9063: 9061: 9056: 9054: 9049: 9048: 9045: 9033: 9032: 9027: 9023: 9021: 9020: 9011: 9010: 9007: 8994: 8991: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8976: 8973: 8970: 8967: 8964: 8961: 8958: 8955: 8952: 8949: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8934: 8927: 8924: 8921: 8918: 8913: 8910: 8907: 8904: 8901: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8889: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8876:High and Late 8874: 8867: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8856: 8853: 8850: 8847: 8844: 8841: 8838: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8804: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8692:Benedict XIII 8690: 8688: 8687:Innocent XIII 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8652:Alexander VII 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8521:Innocent VIII 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8501:Callixtus III 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8421:Boniface VIII 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8332: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8320:Celestine III 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8295:Alexander III 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8285:Anastasius IV 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8185:Sylvester III 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8170:Benedict VIII 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7694:Anastasius II 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7635: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7410:Pope emeritus 7408: 7406: 7403: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7368:List of popes 7366: 7365: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7347: 7342: 7340: 7335: 7333: 7328: 7327: 7324: 7312: 7308: 7303: 7299: 7290: 7289: 7282: 7276: 7272: 7263: 7262: 7255: 7249: 7245: 7236: 7235: 7228: 7222: 7218: 7217:Diego Planeta 7209: 7208: 7202: 7195: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7169: 7168: 7161: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7134: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7020: 7010: 7009: 7003: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6987: 6986: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6959: 6958: 6947: 6941: 6933: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6905:Pope Leo XIII 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6878: 6877:Marienlexikon 6873: 6868: 6863: 6862: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6803: 6800:(1981) 655pp 6799: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6715: 6707: 6701: 6697: 6696: 6688: 6679: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6658: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6591: 6587: 6581: 6573: 6572: 6566: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6490: 6486: 6479: 6463: 6459: 6458:"Oldest pope" 6453: 6446: 6440: 6424: 6418: 6402: 6396: 6394: 6377: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6350: 6344: 6342: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6279: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6261: 6255: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6214: 6210: 6204: 6188: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6167: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6109: 6103: 6087: 6086: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6036: 6035: 6027: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5968: 5967: 5959: 5950: 5949:Errinnerungen 5943: 5934: 5928: 5921: 5915: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5890: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5846: 5845:1-4021-6108-5 5842: 5838: 5832: 5825: 5820: 5812: 5806: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5675: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5605: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5582: 5580: 5572: 5567: 5560: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5527: 5523: 5521:9780520071209 5517: 5513: 5512: 5504: 5496: 5489: 5473: 5472: 5464: 5456: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5405: 5397: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5362:9780312369590 5358: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5339: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5273: 5257: 5250: 5248: 5239: 5238: 5232: 5227: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5183: 5178: 5171: 5166: 5159: 5154: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5123:, p. 78. 5122: 5117: 5111:, p. 76. 5110: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5078: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5055:, p. 66. 5054: 5049: 5040: 5031: 5025:, p. 52. 5024: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5005: 5003: 4996:, p. 37. 4995: 4990: 4984:, p. 31. 4983: 4978: 4972:, p. 24. 4971: 4966: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4937:, p. 23. 4936: 4931: 4925:, p. 20. 4924: 4919: 4904: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4869: 4863:, p. 12. 4862: 4857: 4850: 4845: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4776: 4771: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4715:List of popes 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4671:W. K. Dickson 4668: 4664: 4656: 4655: 4651:Photogram of 4649: 4640: 4638: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4597: 4596:Pope Adrian I 4593: 4589: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4506: 4494: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4440: 4431: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4390:Pope Pius XII 4386: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278:as one of 64 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4195:Ralph Sherwin 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4145:24 May 1900: 4144: 4141: 4140:Peter Fourier 4137: 4134:27 May 1897: 4133: 4130: 4126: 4123:(1581–1654), 4122: 4118: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4104:(1696–1764), 4103: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4009:Lajos Haynald 4004: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3979: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3932:Pope Sixtus V 3927: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3910:Rerum novarum 3907: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3897:Rerum novarum 3889: 3884: 3878: 3874: 3873:Pope Leo XIII 3869: 3863: 3862:Rerum novarum 3851: 3846: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3820: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3704: 3703: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3644:Rerum novarum 3641: 3640: 3633: 3632: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3561:Organizations 3558: 3557: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3516:New Democracy 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3405: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3381:von der Leyen 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3206: 3205: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3156:Nell-Breuning 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3051: 3050: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2980:Social Gospel 2978: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2933:Neo-Calvinism 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2923:Mixed economy 2921: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2896:Human dignity 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2766:Co-Redemptrix 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2704: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2683:Pope Pius XII 2680: 2678: 2667: 2665: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2588:Consecrations 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568:, the future 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2346:Trans Oceanum 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2283:James Gibbons 2280: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2257:United States 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2213:In 1880, the 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2176:British India 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2020:German Empire 2017: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2007:anti-Catholic 2004: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1987:Alexander III 1983: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1967: 1953: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1871: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1737:Other figures 1734: 1733: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1671: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1516:Pope Pius XII 1512: 1511: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1458: 1457: 1456:Rerum novarum 1453: 1452: 1448: 1447:Pope Leo XIII 1443: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307:Carlo Sacconi 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1237: 1229: 1224: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1155: 1152: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1114:San Crisogono 1111: 1107: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078:soup kitchens 1076:. He created 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064:. He founded 1063: 1054: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 998: 994: 986: 981: 967: 965: 961: 957: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 932: 930: 925: 920: 918: 914: 907: 903: 898: 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 867: 862: 860: 856: 852: 849: 845: 841: 831: 829: 825: 821: 818: 814: 810: 806: 801: 799: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 771: 770: 756: 747: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 719: 715: 712: 708: 700: 697:The house in 695: 686: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 660: 656: 651: 649: 648: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 616: 615: 614:laissez-faire 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 581: 580:Rerum novarum 577: 572: 570: 566: 562: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 540:Pope Leo XIII 528: 526: 522: 519:24 March 1889 518: 516: 512: 508: 506: 502: 498: 496: 492: 488: 486: 482: 478: 476: 472: 468: 466: 462: 458: 456: 452: 448: 446: 442: 435: 428: 424: 416: 412: 409: 406: 400: 393: 389: 385: 382: 378: 375: 369: 366: 363: 359: 352: 348: 344: 341: 338: 332: 325: 318: 314: 309:Pope Leo XIII 301: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 259: 255: 252: 248: 244: 235: 231: 227: 226:French Empire 223: 219: 215: 205: 201: 196: 193: 187: 183: 180: 174: 170: 167: 161: 157: 152: 145: 142: 139: 136: 133: 130: 127: 124: 121: 118: 117: 115: 111: 108: 105: 101: 98: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 72: 69: 65: 58: 53: 50: 46: 38: 33: 30: 19: 10929:Distributism 10894:Anti-Masonry 10889:Anti-Marxism 10747:Émile Poulat 10717:Avery Dulles 10712:Pierre Colin 10665: 10658: 10651: 10646:La Quinzaine 10644: 10637: 10630: 10624:Publications 10595:Louis Billot 10572: 10565: 10550: 10543: 10536: 10532:Pope Pius IX 10489:Romolo Murri 10479:Alfred Loisy 10262: 10258:Pope Francis 10184:21st century 10133:Pope Paul VI 10110: 10098: 10051:20th century 10038: 10023: 9989:Pope Pius IX 9977:19th century 9953:Pope Pius VI 9820: 9692:Latin Empire 9662:Universities 9614:Pope Leo III 9481:Christianity 9466:state church 9458:Great Church 9259:Resurrection 9222:(30–325/476) 9219:Early Church 9204:Latin Church 9199:Papal States 9194:Vatican City 9029: 9017: 8987:World War II 8981:Vatican City 8857: 8828:(until 493) 8792:Benedict XVI 8787:John Paul II 8746: 8707:Clement XIII 8702:Benedict XIV 8677:Innocent XII 8611:Clement VIII 8586:Gregory XIII 8566:Marcellus II 8526:Alexander VI 8476:Innocent VII 8441:Benedict XII 8396:Nicholas III 8361:Alexander IV 8351:Celestine IV 8341:Honorius III 8325:Innocent III 8310:Gregory VIII 8270:Celestine II 8255:Callixtus II 8225:Alexander II 8150:Sylvester II 8130:Benedict VII 8090:Stephen VIII 7975:Benedict III 7829:Adeodatus II 7774:Boniface III 7628:Anastasius I 7306: 7286: 7259: 7232: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7165: 7110: 7078: 7070: 7052:the original 7040:Vatican City 7023: 7006: 6989: 6966: 6962: 6931: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6880: 6876: 6866: 6849: 6839: 6829: 6819: 6797: 6779: 6768:Bibliography 6754:. 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Retrieved 4828: 4819: 4799: 4792: 4774: 4761: 4749: 4710:Distributism 4677: 4675: 4660: 4652: 4637:Pope Paul VI 4635: 4622:Pope Francis 4611: 4609:(38 years). 4600: 4580: 4569: 4560: 4555:hepatisation 4527: 4516: 4477: 4463:inflammation 4456: 4452:bloodletting 4445: 4428: 4417: 4406: 4395: 4372: 4350: 4337: 4325: 4175: 4156: 4121:Peter Claver 4087: 4038: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3929: 3920:Consistories 3914:subsidiarity 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3886:Portrait by 3872: 3861: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3656: 3649: 3642: 3545: 3496:Kataeb Party 3466:Centre Party 3140: 3121:John Paul II 3054:Philosophers 3022:Subsidiarity 2911:Conservative 2881:Distributism 2839:Conservatism 2746:Pope Pius IX 2743: 2721: 2698: 2686: 2675: 2673: 2661: 2640: 2635:Annum sacrum 2633: 2611: 2596:The Blessed 2577: 2573: 2565: 2557: 2547: 2540: 2534: 2512: 2509:The Veronica 2508: 2498: 2423: 2403: 2387: 2355: 2345: 2332: 2324: 2322: 2311:at the 1893 2298: 2294: 2287: 2276: 2232: 2212: 2192: 2174:in 2019. In 2172:Pope Francis 2166:in 2010 and 2145: 2101: 2065: 2046: 2044: 2031:Centre Party 2028: 2009: 2000: 1984: 1976:Alexander II 1973: 1934: 1907: 1892: 1872: 1868: 1865:in June 1878 1833: 1764:Óscar Romero 1721: 1714: 1707: 1700:Pope Francis 1683: 1659: 1652: 1645: 1638: 1614: 1607: 1600:Pope Paul VI 1583: 1576: 1552: 1545: 1499: 1492: 1485: 1478: 1471:Pope Pius XI 1454: 1446: 1432: 1428:Subsidiarity 1418:Distributism 1356: 1351:Pope Leo XII 1348: 1340:Lorenzo Nina 1284: 1276: 1268: 1244:Pope Pius IX 1242: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172:Pope Pius IX 1161: 1148: 1136: 1134: 1103: 1086:Papal States 1069: 1059: 1027: 1001:Pope Pius IX 990: 956:Queen Louise 952: 933: 921: 910: 871: 863: 855:Papal legate 837: 802: 794: 768: 704: 676: 664:Papal States 652: 645: 612: 597:trade unions 578: 573: 569:John Paul II 551: 539: 538: 469:24 June 1877 280:Coat of arms 260: 238:(1903-07-20) 236:20 July 1903 210:2 March 1810 172:Consecration 88:20 July 1903 85:Papacy ended 77:Papacy began 29: 10939:Integralism 10864:1903 deaths 10859:1810 births 10831:WikiProject 10684:equivalents 10561:Pope Pius X 10538:Quanta cura 10494:Maude Petre 10264:Laudato si' 10059:Pope Pius X 9888:Philip Neri 9863:Pope Pius V 9838:Thomas More 9707:Inquisition 9609:Charlemagne 9569:Monasticism 9379:Persecution 9271:Holy Spirit 9254:Crucifixion 9133:First seven 8995:(1945–1991) 8989:(1939–1945) 8977:(1870–1929) 8971:(1775–1848) 8959:(1585–1689) 8953:(1534–1585) 8947:(1417–1534) 8928:(1378–1417) 8922:(1309–1378) 8914:, 1228–1304 8908:, 1262–1297 8902:, 1257–1281 8893:(1048–1257) 8878:Middle Ages 8818:Middle Ages 8782:John Paul I 8757:Benedict XV 8737:Gregory XVI 8712:Clement XIV 8697:Clement XII 8667:Innocent XI 8606:Innocent IX 8601:Gregory XIV 8551:Clement VII 8481:Gregory XII 8471:Boniface IX 8451:Innocent VI 8426:Benedict XI 8416:Celestine V 8411:Nicholas IV 8406:Honorius IV 8356:Innocent IV 8315:Clement III 8265:Innocent II 8260:Honorius II 8250:Gelasius II 8230:Gregory VII 8220:Nicholas II 8180:Benedict IX 8125:Benedict VI 8100:Agapetus II 8075:Stephen VII 8050:Sergius III 8040:Benedict IV 8030:Theodore II 8015:Boniface VI 7914:Stephen III 7894:Gregory III 7884:Constantine 7849:Benedict II 7784:Adeodatus I 7779:Boniface IV 7759:Pelagius II 7719:Boniface II 7659:Celestine I 7598:Sylvester I 7583:Marcellus I 7578:Marcellinus 7513:Callixtus I 7498:Eleutherius 7473:Telesphorus 7463:Alexander I 7385:Papal names 6793:pp 273–331. 6647:13 December 6547:18 February 6541:aleteia.org 6521:28 December 6495:18 February 6468:18 February 6382:10 February 6330:21 February 6284:21 February 6244:15 February 6193:12 February 6158:12 February 6132:12 February 6092:12 February 6067:12 February 6041:12 February 6010:cruxnow.com 5985:udayton.edu 5951:(in German) 5656:LLC, CRIA. 5328:15 February 5303:Ut Mysticam 5262:12 February 5143:12 February 4908:21 February 4773:; English: 4607:Saint Peter 4573:hemorrhagic 4153:(1381–1457) 4142:(1565–1640) 4131:(1531–1617) 4112:(1748–1783) 4100:(d. 1308), 4068:Pope Pius X 3948:Pope Pius X 3693:Laudato si' 3486:Fianna Fáil 3316:Mikołajczyk 3209:Politicians 3005:Stewardship 2938:Neo-Thomism 2891:Familialism 2849:Progressive 2758:Rosary Pope 2578:Angelicum's 2410:Philippines 2400:Philippines 2364:during the 2334:In plurimis 2011:Kulturkampf 1914:Vin Mariani 1863:Jules David 1759:Dorothy Day 1716:Laudato si' 1361:Pontificate 1323:Luigi Bilio 1100:Cardinalate 1082:earthquakes 788:(1807–1890) 725:College in 529:29 May 1898 509:1 June 1879 499:1 June 1879 489:1 June 1879 479:19 May 1878 403:Elevated by 396:Cardinalate 335:Ordained by 218:département 146:(1877–1878) 140:(1853–1878) 134:(1846–1880) 128:(1843–1846) 122:(1843–1846) 93:Predecessor 10848:Categories 10737:René Marlé 10700:Historians 10682:Protestant 10137:coronation 9843:Pope Leo X 9428:Tertullian 9358:Revelation 9333:Background 8938:Modern Era 8868:(974–1012) 8772:John XXIII 8682:Clement XI 8657:Clement IX 8647:Innocent X 8642:Urban VIII 8637:Gregory XV 8561:Julius III 8496:Nicholas V 8461:Gregory XI 8446:Clement VI 8381:Innocent V 8371:Clement IV 8346:Gregory IX 8300:Lucius III 8280:Eugene III 8245:Paschal II 8235:Victor III 8215:Stephen IX 8200:Damasus II 8195:Clement II 8190:Gregory VI 8165:Sergius IV 8160:John XVIII 8110:Benedict V 8095:Marinus II 8020:Stephen VI 8000:Adrian III 7980:Nicholas I 7965:Sergius II 7960:Gregory IV 7940:Stephen IV 7904:Stephen II 7889:Gregory II 7809:Theodore I 7794:Honorius I 7789:Boniface V 7754:Benedict I 7744:Pelagius I 7729:Agapetus I 7689:Gelasius I 7679:Simplicius 7664:Sixtus III 7654:Boniface I 7644:Innocent I 7508:Zephyrinus 7422:Pope-elect 7398:non-extant 7238:1846–1878 7211:1843–1846 7171:1843–1846 6955:In Italian 6773:In English 6621:5 November 6429:7 February 6407:7 February 6355:7 February 6313:The Lancet 5824:Kühne 1880 5305:(in Latin) 5256:"Leo XIII" 5182:Kühne 1880 5170:Kühne 1880 5158:Kühne 1880 5121:Kühne 1880 5109:Kühne 1880 5053:Kühne 1880 5023:Kühne 1880 4994:Kühne 1880 4982:Kühne 1880 4970:Kühne 1880 4935:Kühne 1880 4923:Kühne 1880 4861:Kühne 1880 4849:Kühne 1880 4785:References 4725:Papal Navy 4547:Camerlengo 4523:castor oil 4201:John Haile 4171:Adrian III 4167:Innocent V 4163:Victor III 4001:in pectore 3997:in pectore 3993:in pectore 3989:in pectore 3984:in pectore 3541:VMRO-DPMNE 3396:Windthorst 3301:Mazowiecki 3241:De Gasperi 3091:Dooyeweerd 3081:Chesterton 2995:Solidarity 2953:Popularism 2906:Liberalism 2812:Principles 2670:Scriptures 2370:Chorrillos 2182:. A papal 2112:consistory 2051:Wilhelm II 2049:, Emperor 1836:scholastic 1423:Solidarity 1190:Camerlengo 1138:in pectore 1118:Leopold II 924:Archbishop 668:Stephen II 618:capitalism 576:encyclical 548:Leone XIII 159:Ordination 10821:Templates 10667:Le Sillon 10153:Communism 10123:Ecumenism 9469:(380–451) 9461:(180–451) 9450:(313–476) 9372:(100–325) 8862:(904–964) 8854:(756–857) 8848:(537–752) 8842:(493–537) 8834:(312–337) 8732:Pius VIII 8662:Clement X 8596:Urban VII 8546:Adrian VI 8536:Julius II 8516:Sixtus IV 8491:Eugene IV 8436:John XXII 8431:Clement V 8401:Martin IV 8376:Gregory X 8305:Urban III 8290:Adrian IV 8275:Lucius II 8210:Victor II 8155:John XVII 8145:Gregory V 8120:John XIII 8005:Stephen V 7995:Marinus I 7990:John VIII 7985:Adrian II 7955:Valentine 7950:Eugene II 7945:Paschal I 7879:Sisinnius 7864:Sergius I 7799:Severinus 7764:Gregory I 7734:Silverius 7704:Hormisdas 7699:Symmachus 7684:Felix III 7618:Damasus I 7593:Miltiades 7568:Eutychian 7558:Dionysius 7553:Sixtus II 7548:Stephen I 7538:Cornelius 7458:Evaristus 7453:Clement I 7448:Anacletus 7378:canonised 7373:graphical 7079:Ave Maria 7030:(Etexts). 6969:: 63–87. 6859:In German 6489:axios.com 6102:cite book 5641:15 August 5371:227205792 4834:3 January 4667:Ave Maria 4519:dyspepsia 4459:pneumonia 4380:Audiences 4178:beatified 4090:canonized 4088:Leo XIII 3636:Documents 3491:Fine Gael 3376:Vogelsang 3371:Tindemans 3341:Pöttering 3221:Andreotti 3191:Vogelsang 3136:Lamennais 2762:Mediatrix 2734:Mariology 2604:from the 2584:in 1896. 2582:Canon Law 2574:Angelicum 2527:in 1900. 2501:Scapulars 2337:, on the 2168:canonized 2160:beatified 2072:Royalists 1991:agitation 1918:Coca-Cola 960:Leopold I 859:Benevento 830:in Rome. 828:Canon Law 813:cardinals 650:in 1879. 609:socialism 589:fair wage 268:Signature 103:Successor 10974:Thomists 10811:Category 10525:reaction 10163:HIV/AIDS 9657:Crusades 9411:Irenaeus 9404:Ignatius 9399:Polycarp 9249:Ministry 9237:(30–100) 9111:Timeline 9019:Category 8993:Cold War 8767:Pius XII 8747:Leo XIII 8722:Pius VII 8591:Sixtus V 8556:Paul III 8531:Pius III 8486:Martin V 8466:Urban VI 8391:John XXI 8386:Adrian V 8366:Urban IV 8240:Urban II 8175:John XIX 8135:John XIV 8115:Leo VIII 8105:John XII 8010:Formosus 7919:Adrian I 7874:John VII 7824:Vitalian 7819:Eugene I 7814:Martin I 7769:Sabinian 7749:John III 7739:Vigilius 7714:Felix IV 7674:Hilarius 7623:Siricius 7613:Liberius 7608:Julius I 7588:Eusebius 7543:Lucius I 7503:Victor I 7488:Anicetus 7468:Sixtus I 7405:Antipope 7125:LibriVox 6975:23565185 6940:citation 6809:Archived 6787:Archived 6782:(2003). 6596:26 March 5708:44639691 5615:Sæpe nos 5433:, p. 596 5043:Kühne 62 4766:Italian: 4694:See also 4632:Tributes 4576:pleurisy 4176:He also 4159:Urban II 4032:was the 3952:Serafino 3875:, 1899, 3768:Buddhist 3331:Pastrana 3276:Korfanty 3266:Ketteler 3216:Adenauer 3196:Williams 3186:Tischner 3146:Maritain 3141:Leo XIII 3131:Korfanty 3126:Ketteler 3116:Habsburg 3096:Gebhardt 3076:Berggrav 2787:a series 2785:Part of 2519:and the 2460:Theology 2450:Tanzania 2444:came to 2374:Barranco 2229:Bulgaria 2184:rescript 2152:cardinal 2128:Salzburg 2116:Giuseppe 1404:Overview 1396:Holy See 1370:a series 1368:Part of 1286:papabile 1252:conclave 1217:Election 1038:Thomists 1010:Austrian 987:in 1846. 917:cardinal 906:Brussels 786:Giuseppe 718:Giuseppe 705:Born in 634:scapular 632:and the 177:by 164:by 42:Leo XIII 18:Leo XIII 10388:Thomism 10128:Judaism 9528:Vulgate 9338:Gospels 9313:Stephen 9230:Origins 9150:Vulgate 9086:General 9076:of the 9074:History 8912:Perugia 8906:Orvieto 8900:Viterbo 8797:Francis 8777:Paul VI 8762:Pius XI 8742:Pius IX 8727:Leo XII 8717:Pius VI 8576:Pius IV 8571:Paul IV 8511:Paul II 8506:Pius II 8456:Urban V 8140:John XV 8085:Leo VII 8080:John XI 8035:John IX 8025:Romanus 7924:Leo III 7899:Zachary 7869:John VI 7804:John IV 7724:John II 7649:Zosimus 7563:Felix I 7528:Anterus 7523:Pontian 7518:Urban I 7478:Hyginus 7355:of the 7281:Pius IX 7142:of the 7138:in the 7101:at the 6804:; also 6802:excerpt 6641:AP News 6491:. 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