Lenape - Knowledge

1552:. As a further complication in communication and understanding, kinship terms commonly used by European settlers had very different meanings to the Lenape: "fathers" did not have the same direct parental control as in Europe, "brothers" could be a symbol of equality but could also be interpreted as one's parallel cousins, "cousins" were interpreted as only cross-cousins, etc. All of these added complexities in kinship terms made agreements with Europeans all the more difficult. The Lenape would petition for grievances on the basis that not all their families had been recognized in the transaction (not that they wanted to "share" the land). After the Dutch arrival in the 1620s, the Lenape were successful in restricting Dutch settlement until the 1660s to no further than 3555:—instead of honor raids for bragging rights by stealing cattle, food stocks, weapons, or women, the Iroquois (probably having heard of European wars of conquest) began slash and burn campaigns, often raiding in mid-winter to drive out targeted populations and despoiling their productive lands and food stocks. The Iroquois steamrolled a large variety of tribes of both Algonkian and Iroquoian language groups as they established dominance over a large range, and became the major political factor any English and French decision makers had to consider in making any policy for over a hundred years. Iroquois delegations were hosted and honored in London and Paris. 1242:. The practice effectively prevented inbreeding, even among individuals whose kinship was obscure or unknown. This means that a male from the Turkey Clan was expected to marry a female from either the Turtle or Wolf clans. His children would not belong to the Turkey Clan, but to the mother's clan. As such, a person's mother's brothers (the person's matrilineal uncles) played a large role in his or her life as they shared the same clan lineage. Within a marriage itself, men and women had relatively separate and equal rights, each controlling their own property and debts, showing further signs of a woman's power in the hierarchical structure. 1528: 1230:. Children belong to their mother's clan, from which they gain social status and identity. The mother's eldest brother was more significant as a mentor to the male children than was their father, who was generally of another clan. Hereditary leadership passed through the maternal line, and women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved. Agricultural land was managed by women and allotted according to the subsistence needs of their extended families. Newlywed couples would live with the bride's family, where her mother and sisters could also assist her with her growing family. 1715: 906: 1740:. In the mid-1730s, colonial administrators produced a draft of a land deed dating to the 1680s. William Penn had approached several leaders of Lenape polities in the lower Delaware to discuss land sales further north. Since the land in question did not belong to their polities, the talks did not lead to an agreement. But colonial administrators prepared the draft that resurfaced in the 1730s. The Penns and their supporters presented this draft as a legitimate deed, but Lenape leaders in the lower Delaware refused to accept it. 1407:

males. The Lenape also adorned themselves with various ornaments made of stone, shell, animal teeth, and claws. The women often wore headbands of dyed deer hair or wampum. They painted their skin skirts or decorated them with porcupine quills. These skirts were so elaborately appointed that, when seen from a distance, they reminded Dutch settlers of fine European lace. The winter cloaks of the women were striking, fashioned from the iridescent body feathers of wild turkeys.

7797: 3223: 2634: 1419:: a football-like hybrid, split on gender lines. Over a hundred players were grouped into gendered teams (male and female) to try getting a ball through the other team's goal posts. Men could not carry and pass the ball, only use their feet, while the women could carry, pass, or kick. If the ball was picked up by a woman, she could not be tackled by the men, although men could attempt to dislodge the ball. Women were free to tackle the men. 3321: 2384: 70: 4963: 1253:, the animosity of differences and competitions spanned many generations, and in general tribes with each of the different language groups became traditional enemies in the areas they'd meet. On the other hand, The New American Book of Indians points out that competition, trade, and wary relations were far more common than outright warfare—but both larger societies had traditions of 'proving' (blooding) new (or young) warriors by 2094:. He divided his men into three regiments and laid their village to waste. On the first night, 16 warriors were captured, taken south of the village, and slaughtered; another 20 were killed in battle, and 20 civilians were taken prisoner. Surviving residents fled to the north. Colonel Brodhead convinced the militia to leave the Lenape at the remaining Moravian mission villages unmolested, since they were unarmed non-combatants. 7095: 658: 298: 2684:

notice on them, a process generally considered onerous. Major B.F. Robinson, the Indian Agent appointed in 1855, did his best, but could not control the hundreds of white trespassers who stole stock, cut timber, and built houses and squatted on Lenape lands. By 1860, the Lenape had reached consensus to leave Kansas, which was in accord with the government's Indian removal policy.

1747:, what followed was a "convoluted sequence of deception, fraud, and extortion orchestrated by the Pennsylvania government that is commonly known as the Walking Purchase". In the end, all Lenape who still lived on the Delaware were driven off the remnants of their homeland under threats of violence. Some Lenape polities eventually retaliated by attacking 6415: 4763: 928:, a Lenape would have identified primarily with their immediate family and clan, friends, and village unit and, after that, with surrounding and familiar village units followed by more distant neighbors who spoke the same dialect, and finally, with those in the surrounding area who spoke mutually comprehensible languages, including the 5253: 2149:

about them we know not what, Again it may be the white Man may do something either upon Land, Timber or something else which some one of the proprietors would not like & from thence would come great deal of Disquietness, & many other ways which may plainly be seen into, by those that have any sense or reason—

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https://www.academia.edu/479943/_Colonialism_and_the_Discursive_Antecedents_of_Penns_Treaty_with_the_Indians_in_William_A._Pencak_and_Daniel_K._Richter_eds._From_Native_America_to_Penns_Woods_Colonists_Indians_and_the_Racial_Construction_of_Pennsylvania_State_College_Pennsylvania_State_University_Press_2004_18-40

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in 1790, that Act did not avail the Lenape. As a result, the court granted the Commonwealth's motion to dismiss. In its conclusion the court stated: "... we find that the Delaware Nation's aboriginal rights to Tatamy's Place were extinguished in 1737 and that, later, fee title to the land was granted

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The next Texan President, Mirabeau B. Lamar, completely opposed all Indians. He considered them illegal intruders who threatened the settlers' safety and lands and issued an order for their removal from Texas. The Lenape were sent north of the Red River into Indian Territory, although a few scattered

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began in 1835. Texas officials were eager to gain the support of the Texas tribes to their side and offered to recognize their land claims by sending three commissioners to negotiate a treaty. A treaty was agreed upon in February 1836 that mapped the boundaries of Indian lands, but this agreement was

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accompanied one of Frémont's expeditions as one of his Lenape guides. From California, Fremont needed to communicate with Senator Benton. Sagundai volunteered to carry the message through some 2,200 kilometres (1367 miles) of hostile territory. He took many scalps in this adventure, including that of

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Over a period of 176 years, European settlers pushed the Lenape out of the East Coast, through to Ohio and eventually further west. Most members of the Munsee-language branch of the Lenape left the United States after the British were defeated in the American Revolutionary War. Their descendants live

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We are exceeding glad when we see we are like to live in Quietness among one another without giving any offence to one another, & this of keeping white people from among us will be a great step towards it, & for this reason we intend to stand by or rather stand Hand in hand against any coming

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Another common activity was that of dance, and yet again, gender differences appear: men would dance and leap loudly, often with bear claw accessories, while women, wearing little thimbles or bells, would dance more modestly, stepping "one foot after the other slightly forwards then backwards, yet so

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As the Lenape were not considered United States citizens, they had no access to the courts and no way to enforce their property rights. The United States Army was to enforce their rights to reservation land after the Indian Agent had both posted a public notice warning trespassers and served written

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culture. In addition, both tribes practiced adopting young captives from warfare into their tribes and assimilating them as full tribal members. Iroquoians adopting Lenape (or other peoples) were known to be part of their religious beliefs, the adopted one taking the place in the clan of one killed

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favored a policy of peaceful relations with all tribes. He sought the services of the friendly Lenape, and in 1837, enlisted several Lenape to protect the frontier from hostile western tribes. Lenape scouts joined with Texas Rangers as they patrolled the western frontier. Houston also tried to get

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made an inspection of eastern Mexican Texas and estimated that the region housed between 150 and 200 Lenape families. The Lenape requested Mier y Terán to issue them land grants and send teachers, so they might learn to read and write the Spanish language. The general, impressed with how well they

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in early 1779 and demanded that the neutral Lenape formally side with the British. Killbuck warned the Americans of the planned attack. His actions helped save the fort, but the Americans abandoned it in August 1779. The Lenape had lost their protectors and found themselves without solid allies in

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leggings and moccasins in cold weather. Women would wear their hair long, usually below the hip, while men kept only a small "round crest, of about 2 inches in diameter". Deer hair, dyed a deep scarlet, as well as plumes of feathers, were favorite components of headdresses and breast ornaments for

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Early European observers may have misinterpreted matrilineal Lenape cultural practices. For example, a man's maternal uncle (his mother's brother), and not his father, was usually considered to be his closest male relative, since his uncle belonged to his mother's clan and his father belonged to a

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By 1682, when William Penn arrived to his American commonwealth, the Lenape had been so reduced by disease, famine, and war that the sub-clan mothers had reluctantly resolved to consolidate their families into the main clan family. This is why William Penn and all those after him believed that the

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The historical record of the mid-17th century suggests that most Lenape polities each consisted of several hundred people but it is conceivable that some had been considerably larger prior to close contact, given the wars between the Susquehannocks and the Iroquois, both of whom were armed by the

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with a particularly fine horse, who had outrun both Sagundai and the other Comanche. Sagundai was thrown when his horse stepped into a prairie-dog hole, but avoided the Comanche's lance, shot the warrior dead, and caught his horse and escaped the other Comanche. When Sagundai returned to his own

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We have come upon those resolutions we hope for our better living in friendship among one another, it may be that there is some which does not like white people for their Neighbours, for fear of their not agreeing as they ought to do. it might be about there children or about something they have

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rivers. In 1778, Killbuck permitted American soldiers to traverse Lenape territory so that the soldiers could attack British-held Fort Detroit. In return, Killbuck requested that the Americans build a fort near the major Lenape village of Coshocton, to provide them with protection from potential

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region of present-day Pennsylvania of an impending attack. After the end of the French and Indian War, European settlers continued to attack the Lenape, often to such an extent that, as historian Amy Schutt writes, the dead since the wars outnumbered those killed during the war. In April 1763,

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The men limited their agricultural labor to clearing the field and breaking the soil. They primarily hunted and fished during the rest of the year: from September to January and from June to July, they mainly hunted deer, but from the month of January to the spring planting in May, they hunted

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The early European settlers, especially the Dutch and Swedes, were surprised at the Lenape's skill in fashioning clothing from natural materials. In hot weather men and women wore only loin cloth and skirt respectively, while they used beaver pelts or bear skins to serve as winter mantles.

2322:(Kikthawenund), whose father was Swedish. The Lenape village in Indiana was called Anderson's Town, while the Lenape village in Missouri on the James River was often called Anderson's Village. The tribes' cabins and cornfields were spread out along the James River and Wilsons Creek. 2796:. After the Walking Purchase, Chief Tatamy was granted legal permission for him and his family to remain on this parcel of land, known as "Tatamy's Place". In addition to suing the state, the tribe also sued the township, the county and elected officials, including Gov. Ed Rendell. 1320:

and drowning deer, as well as forming a circle around prey and setting the brush on fire. They also harvested vast quantities of fish and shellfish from the bays of the area, and, in southern New Jersey, harvested clams year-round. One technique used while fishing was to add ground

2574:. Lenape scouts and their families were allowed to settle along the Brazos and Bosque rivers in order to influence the Comanche to come to the Texas government for a peace conference. The plan was successful and the Lenape helped bring the Comanches to a treaty council in 1844. 1984:

were deeply divided over which side, if any, to take in the war. When the war began, Killbuck found the Lenape caught between the British and their Indian allies in the West and the Americans in the East. The Lenape were living in numerous villages around their main village of

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Members of each clan were found throughout Lenape territory, and while clan mothers controlled the land, the houses, and the families, the clan fathers provided the meat, cleared the fields, built the houses, and protected the clan. Upon reaching adulthood, a Lenape male would

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family. Killbuck resented his grandfather for allowing the Moravians to remain in the Ohio country. The Moravians believed in pacifism, and Killbuck believed that every convert to the Moravians deprived the Lenape of a warrior to stop further white settlement of their land.

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The Cherokee Nation filed suit to overturn the independent federal recognition of the Lenape. The tribe lost federal recognition in a 2004 court ruling in favor of the Cherokee Nation but regained it on July 28, 2009. After recognition, the tribe reorganized under the

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dissolved tribal governments and ordered the allotment of communal tribal lands to individual households of members of tribes. After the lands were allotted in 160-acre (650,000 m) lots to tribal members in 1907, the government sold surplus land to non-Indians.

1592:. The Lenape's quick adoption of trade goods, and their desire to trap furs to meet high European demand, resulted in over-harvesting the beaver population in the lower Hudson Valley. With the fur sources exhausted, the Dutch shifted their operations to present-day 1431:

A number of linear measures were used. Small units of measure were the distance from the thumb and first finger, and the distance from first finger to pit of elbow. Travel distance was measured in the distance one could comfortably travel from sun-up to sun-down.

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in the 17th through the 19th centuries, the Lenape were a powerful Native American nation who inhabited a region on the mid-Atlantic coast spanning the latitudes of southern Massachusetts to the southern extent of Delaware in what anthropologists call the

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different one. The maternal uncle played a more prominent role in the lives of his sister's children than did the father—for example likely being the one responsible for educating a young man in weapons craft, martial arts, hunting, and other life skills.

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and other Minquas. They exchanged these furs for Dutch and, from the late 1630s, also Swedish imports. Relations between some Lenape and Minqua polities briefly turned sour in the late 1620s and early 1630s, but were relatively peaceful most of the time.

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and live in a structured and European-style mission village. Moravian pacifism and unwillingness to take loyalty oaths caused conflicts with British colonial authorities, who were seeking aid against the French and their Native American allies in the

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revoked the tribal status of the Lenape living among Cherokee in Oklahoma. They began to count the Lenape as Cherokee. The Lenape had this decision overturned in 1996, when they were recognized by the federal government as a separate tribal nation.

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The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware: Their History and Relation to the Indians, Dutch and English, 1638–1664 : With an Account of the South, the New Sweden Company, and the American Companies, and the Efforts of Sweden to Regain the

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Volume 15—Northeast. Bruce G. Trigger (volume editor). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. 1978 References to Indian burning for the Eastern Algonquians, Virginia Algonquians, Northern Iroquois, Huron, Mahican, and Delaware Tribes and

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into another tribes territories. The two groups were sometimes bitter enemies since before recorded history, but intermarriage occurred — and both groups have an oral history suggesting they jointly came east together and displaced the

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with the Americans. Through this treaty, the Lenape hoped to establish the Ohio country as a state inhabited exclusively by Native Americans, as a subset of the new United States. A third group of Lenape, many of them converted

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Dreibelbis, Dana E., "The Use of Microstructural Growth Patterns of Mercenaria Mercenaria to Determine the Prehistoric Seasons of Harvest at Tuckerton Midden, Tuckerton, New Jersey", pp. 33, thesis, Princeton University,

1465:, and an infusion of ground nuts mixed with sweet oil or mutton tallow for earaches. They also grind the nuts and use them to poison fish in streams. They also apply a poultice of pulverized nuts with sweet oil for earache. 1295:

agriculture. They used fire to manage land. Controlled use of fire extended farmlands' productivity. According to Dutch settler Isaac de Rasieres, who observed the Lenape in 1628, the Lenape planted their primary crop,

1941:, beliefs, and ways of life, and to replace them with European and Christian ways. Many Lenape did adopt Christianity, but others refused to do so. The Lenape became a divided people during the 1770s, including in 7488: 1518:

in present-day New York. Some of their place names, such as Manhattan ("the island of many hills"), Raritan, and Tappan were adopted by Dutch and English colonists to identify the Lenape people that lived there.

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The Lenape had a culture in which the clan and family controlled property. Europeans often tried to contract for land with the tribal chiefs, confusing their culture with that of neighboring tribes such as the

1316:), in which 100 or more men stood in a line many paces from each other, beating thigh bones on their palms to drive animals to the river, where they could be killed easily. Other methods of hunting included 1688:. In the decades immediately following, some 20,000 new colonists arrived in the region, putting pressure on Lenape settlements and hunting grounds. Penn expected his authority and that of the colonial 2723:; they made two payments totaling $ 438,000. A court dispute followed over whether the sale included rights for the Lenape as citizens within the Cherokee Nation. While the dispute was unsettled, the 2249:

cultural identities lived on the island, not "13 individual tribes" as asserted by Wood. The bands to the west were Lenape. Those to the east were more related culturally to the Algonquian tribes of

1588:(Swan Valley). The colony had a short life, as in 1632 a local band of Lenape killed the 32 Dutch settlers after a misunderstanding escalated over Lenape defacement of the insignia of the governing 2586:

agreed to annexation by the US to become an American state. The Lenape continued their peaceful policy with the Americans and served as interpreters, scouts, and diplomats for the US Army and the

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and was granted a league of land by a special act of the Texas legislature in 1853. The expeditions of the map maker Randolph B. Marcy through West Texas in 1849, 1852, and 1854 were guided by

2218:. The initial Lenape response was negative; in 1798, Lenape community leaders Bartholomew Calvin, Jason Skekit, and 18 others signed a public statement of refusal to leave "our fine place in 1829:. The Moravians' insistence on Christian Lenape's abandoning traditional warfare practices alienated mission populations from other Lenape and Native American groups, who revered warriors. 2769: 2503:

and other immigrating bands, as well as with the Spanish and ever-increasing American population. This peaceful trend continued after Mexico won their independence from Spain in 1821.

3958: 1444:, who have been primarily women, use their extensive knowledge of plant life to help heal their community's ailments, sometimes through ceremony. The Lenape found uses in trees like 582:

When first encountered by European settlers, the Lenape were a loose association of closely related peoples who spoke similar languages and shared familial bonds in an area known as

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who had negotiated the Fort Pitt treaty, died in 1778. Subsequently many Lenape at Coshocton eventually joined the war against the Americans. In response, American military officer

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Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30

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The Lenape or Delaware Indians: The Original People of New Jersey, Southeastern New York State, Eastern Pennsylvania, northern Delaware and parts of western Connecticut

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Teedyuscung was killed during the burning of his home. His son Captain Bull responded by attacking settlers, sponsored by the Susquehanna Company, in the present-day

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A Brief Description of New York, Formerly Called New Netherlands with the Places Thereunto Adjoining, Likewise a Brief Relation of the Customs of the Indians There,

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The Lenape migrated into Texas in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Elements of the Lenape migrated from Missouri into Texas around 1820, settling around the

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The Delaware Indian Westward Migration: With the Texts of Two Manuscripts, 1821–22, Responding to General Lewis Cass's Inquiries about Lenape Culture and Language

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saw the cession of more Indigenous lands to the United States government. In return, the U.S. relinquished its claims to "all other Indian lands northward of the

741:. On the west side, the Lenape lived in several small towns along the rivers and streams that fed the waterways, and likely shared the hunting territory of the 5513: 7747: 8261: 7763: 2661:. The main reserve consisted of about 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km) with an additional "outlet" strip 10 miles (16 km) wide extending to the west. 2306:, the Lenape ceded their lands in Indiana for lands west of the Mississippi and an annuity of $ 4,000. Over the next few years, the Lenape settled on the 8231: 3861: 7083: 6834: 4514:

Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74

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for said Lands, hereafter, no, not by the proprietors themselves without the consent of the rest much more by those who has no Claim or Rite here ...

4238: 2758: 1900: 1759:, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, to lead the investigation. Johnson had become wealthy as a trader and acquired thousands of acres of land in the 8216: 7778: 7126: 2785: 1503: 422: 2680:. The Lenape were reluctant to negotiate for yet another relocation, but they feared serious trouble with white settlers, and conflict developed. 2176:, Canada. They are descendants of those Lenape of Ohio Country who sided with the British during the Revolutionary War. The largest reserve is at 8236: 5568: 1335:

peoples in North America at the time, could support. Scholars have estimated that at the time of European settlement, around much of the current

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led an expedition out of Fort Pitt and on April 20, Brodhead and his men, including some U.S.-aligned Lenape, raided and destroyed the pacifist

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Lenape clans had always only had three divisions (Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf) when, in fact, they had over thirty on the eve of European contact.

8211: 5684: 4856: 8226: 2222:". The Munsee later agreed to relocate to New Stockbridge to join the Oneidas. A few households stayed behind to assimilate into New Jersey. 8266: 8206: 4572:

Carpenter, Roger M. (2007). "From Indian Women to English Children: The Lenni-Lenape and the Attempt to Create a New Diplomatic Identity".

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on the Indian Lands, And we have concluded that it is a thing which ought not to be, & a thing that will not be allowed by us, that of

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This includes only Lenape documented in history. Contemporary notable Lenape people are listed in the articles for the appropriate tribe.

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traded with the Lenape for agricultural products, mainly maize, in exchange for iron tools. The Lenape also arranged contacts between the

762:, Munsee-Delaware Nation 1, in southwest Ontario. The Delaware Nation at Moraviantown has a small, 13-square-mile (34 km) reserve in 8251: 8221: 7771: 7460: 38: 5447: 8241: 7801: 5411: 2357: 1607:

in the first half of the 17th century, European colonists were careful to keep firearms from the coastally located Lenape, while rival

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and the waters uniting them". The U.S. also agreed to provide an annual allowance to various Indigenous groups including the Lenape.

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Some Lenape decided to take up arms against the American settlers and moved to the west, closer to Detroit, where they settled on the

8000: 7593: 4123:"The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View – alternate name or group in the Tùkwsit (Wolf) clan (Lit. – Yellow Trees)" 3068:(1817–1894), chief of the Wolf clan from 1855 and principal chief from 1861; visited Washington, D.C., 24 times on his tribe's behalf 1736:'s practices. In an attempt to raise money, they contemplated ways to sell Lenape land to colonial settlers, which culminated in the 8256: 2366:

people in present-day Kansas, they celebrated his exploits with the last war and scalp dances of their history, which were held at

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Joseph Micty, Bartholomew Calvin, Jacob Skekit, Robert Skikkit, Derrick Quaquiuse, Benjamin Nicholus, Mary Calvin, Hezekiah Calvin

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The Lenape languages were once exclusively spoken languages. In 2002, the Delaware Tribe of Indians received grant money to fund

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The Lenape of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Delaware, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, and Ontario (The Library of Native Americans).

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Not every Lenape now lives in Oklahoma. Many live in the Northeast, and some Munsee Lenape are applying for state recognition.

2314:, occupying eventually about 40,000 acres (160 km) of the approximately 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km) allotted to them. 6246:

Geographia Americae: With an Account of the Delaware Indians, Based on Surveys and Notes made in 1654–1656 by Peter Lindestrom

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The History and Culture of Iroquois Diplomacy: An Interdisciplinary Guide to the Treaties of the Six Nations and Their League.

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In 1854, despite the history of peaceful relations, the last of the Texas Lenape were moved by the American government to the

1661:, measles, cholera, influenza, and dysentery, reduced the populations of Lenape. They and other Native peoples had no natural 7493: 7122: 6909: 6894: 6868: 6845: 6775: 6760: 6745: 6730: 6719: 6704: 6685: 6674: 6659: 6625: 6595: 6584: 6565: 6554: 6535: 6524: 6509: 6494: 6479: 6449: 6434: 6429:(American Language Reprints Supplement Series; edited by James A. Rementer). Evolution Publications and Manufacturing, 2011. 6401: 6368: 6353: 6338: 6319: 6308: 6293: 6268: 6253: 6238: 6223: 6208: 6172: 6160: 6145: 6130: 6108: 6089: 6078: 6059: 6044: 6029: 6018: 5994: 5979: 5960: 5945: 5930: 5915: 5885: 5870: 5851: 5323: 5240: 5220: 5094: 4092: 3755: 3533: 1922: 1498: 7793: 6244:

Lindestrom, Peter. (Transcribed and edited by Amandus Johnson of the Swedish Colonial Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).

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Cultural exchange, imperialist violence, and pious missions: Local perspectives from Tanjavur and Lenape country, 1720–1760

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Bemino) assisted the British against the French and their Indian allies. In 1761, Killbuck led a British supply train from

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was signed between the Lenape and European colonists. In it, the Lenape were required to move westward out of present-day

1506:. Although never politically unified, the confederation of the Lenape roughly encompassed the area around and between the 8271: 8191: 7940: 7813: 6281:

Mitchell, S. H. Internet Archive The Indian Chief, Journeycake. Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1895.

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New York, NY: William Gowans. 1670. Reprinted in 1937 by the Facsimile Text Society, Columbia University Press, New York.

2780:, the plaintiffs, acting as the successor in interest and political continuation of the Lenni Lenape and of Lenape Chief 2598:. For the remainder of his life, Shaw worked as a military scout in West Texas. In 1848, John Conner (Lenape) guided the 2269: 2111: 1771: 4970: 1339:

area alone, there may have been about 15,000 Lenape in approximately 80 settlement sites. In 1524, Lenape in canoes met

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Navaho Expedition: Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Navaho Country, Made in 1849

4454: 2023:, which they garrisoned. Lenape sympathetic to the United States remained at Coshocton, and Lenape leaders signed the 8196: 7885: 7830: 7825: 7285: 7069: 6956: 6942: 6924: 6823: 6794: 6644: 6614: 6464: 5900: 5840: 5347: 4720: 3404: 3385: 2467: 2448: 1973:, restricting Anglo-American settlement to east of the Appalachian Mountains, the British would help them preserve a 1619:

became comparatively well-armed. They defeated the Lenape, and some scholars believe that the Lenape may have become

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Dutch fur traders, while the Lenape were at odds with the Dutch and so lost that particular arms race. In 1648, the

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In 1841, Houston was reelected to a second term as president and his peaceful Indian policy was then reinstated. A

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Champagne, Duane (1988). "The Delaware Revitalization Movement of the Early 1760s: A Suggested Reinterpretation."

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Vegetational Change in Northern New Jersey Since 1500 A.D.: A Palynological, Vegetational and Historical Synthesis

3639: 3028:(1864–1921), Lenape author of collections of traditional narratives, legal advocate for Lenape in Washington, D.C. 2754:. Members approved a constitution and by laws in a May 26, 2009, vote. Jerry Douglas was elected as tribal chief. 1732:

died in 1718. His heirs, John and Thomas Penn, and their agents were ruling the colony, and had abandoned many of

37:"Delaware Indians" and "Delaware people" redirect here. For other American Indians from present-day Delaware, see 4736:

Snow, Dean R. (1996). "Mohawk demography and the effects of exogenous epidemics on American Indian populations".

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The History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations Who Once Inhabited Pennsylvania and Neighboring States

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The History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations Who Once Inhabited Pennsylvania and Neighboring States

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In 1757, an organization known as the New Jersey Association for Helping the Indians wrote a constitution to

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The Susquehanna-Delaware watershed divides bound the frequently contested hunting grounds between the rival

958:

The Lenape had three clans at the end of the 17th century, each of which historically had twelve sub-clans:

7578: 7547: 7503: 2858: 2645:

Under the terms of the Treaty of the James Fork that was signed on September 24, 1829, and ratified by the

42: 5131:

The Brotherton Indians' agreement to oppose white settlement, January 6, 1780. (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

4781:

Promised Land: Penn's Holy Experiment, the Walking Purchase, and the dispossession of Delawares, 1600–1763

4626: 3658: 2268:, by 1802, the Brotherton Indians of New Jersey and the Stockbridge-Munsee. In 1822, the Munsee Lenape of 1631:

in 1676 and the Lenape were tributary to the Confederation until 1753, shortly before the outbreak of the

1600:

in the vicinity of Manhattan Island temporarily forestalled the negative effects of the decline in trade.

837:

wrote that Munsee and Unami "came out of one parent language." Only a few Delaware First Nation elders in

7975: 7850: 7598: 7300: 7295: 4546:, 179 "Intercultural Relations Between Native Americans and Europeans in New Netherland and New York" in 2751: 2697: 1953:, Killbuck and many Lenape claimed to be neutral. Other neighboring Indian communities, particularly the 1284: 4292: 4023: 3371: 2434: 1836:, since they hoped to prevent further European colonial encroachment in their settlements. Their chiefs 1684:. A peace treaty was negotiated between the newly arriving colonists and Lenape at what is now known as 7910: 7860: 7573: 7305: 4485: 3283: 2833: 2330:

Many Lenape participated in the exploration of the western United States, working as trappers with the

2245:. Modern scientific scholarship has shown that in fact two linguistic groups representing two distinct 2024: 1970: 1950: 1300:, in March. Over time, the Lenape adapted to European methods of hunting and farming with metal tools. 790: 488: 7047: 6712:

A Lenâpé-English Dictionary: From An Anonymous In The Archives Of The Moravian Church At Bethlehem, .

2676:

and opened the area for white settlement. It also authorized negotiation with Indian tribes regarding

7880: 7865: 3869: 3053: 2849: 2812: 2709: 1775: 937: 910: 512: 453: 6420:

Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania

5938:

Indian Land Sales In Delaware: And A Discussion Of The Family Hunting Territory Question In Delaware

4455:"Official Site of the Delaware Tribe of Indians » Pahsahëman — The Lenape Indian Football Game" 2518: 1786:, an industrial town with gristills and sawmills, that was the first Native American reservation in 8125: 7990: 7980: 7945: 7694: 7670: 7583: 5395: 4794: 4560: 3502: 3353: 3137: 2737: 2563: 2416: 2351: 2311: 2119: 1992: 1861: 1849: 1805:

and beyond. Through the 18th century, many Lenape moved west into the relatively depopulated upper

1783: 1689: 1677: 1623:

to the Susquehannock. After the warfare, the Lenape referred to the Susquehannock as "uncles". The

1589: 1375: 1367: 1305: 905: 626: 491:

displaced most Lenape from their homelands and pushed them north and west. In the 1860s, under the

5551: 1478:

The first recorded European contact with people presumed to have been the Lenape was in 1524. The

7920: 7752: 7730: 7613: 7603: 7552: 7542: 7498: 7313: 7134: 7091: 6787:

Zeisberger's Indian Dictionary: English, German, Iroquois—The Onondaga and Algonquin—The Delaware

4795:"Collection: New Jersey Association for helping the Indians records | Archives & Manuscripts" 4631: 3338: 3331: 3080: 2958: 2916: 2883: 2669: 2401: 2394: 2335: 2298: 2265: 1561: 1557: 1553: 789:

in Wisconsin, with 16,255 acres (65.78 km) held in federal trust. The Delaware Nation has a

31: 2757:

In September 2000, the Delaware Nation of Oklahoma received 11.5 acres (4.7 ha) of land in

7895: 7890: 7688: 7290: 5534: 3197: 3173: 3072: 2949: 2936: 2898: 2853: 2713: 2665: 2654: 2492: 2347: 2319: 2307: 2237:

published a book claiming that there were several American Indian tribes that were distinct to

1841: 1755:, British colonial authorities investigated the causes of Lenape resentment. The British asked 1527: 1482: 1340: 826: 794: 528: 181: 3811: 1991:, between the western frontier strongholds of the British and the Patriots. The Americans had 7682: 7664: 7658: 6930: 6114:

Hoffecker, Carol E., Richard Waldron, Lorraine E. Williams, and Barbara E. Benson (editors).

5846:

Acrelius, Israel. (Translated from Swedish with an introduction and notes by W.M. Reynolds).

5458: 4674: 4543: 4394: 4151:"The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View – Fowl (Turkey) clan of the Lenape" 3181: 2567: 2273: 2211: 1896: 1826: 1752: 1632: 1371: 500: 6863:. Civilization of the American Indian. Vol. 262. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 5422: 4329: 3034:(1806–1880), trapper, trader and scout; first inductee into the American Indian Hall of Fame 2657:

in Missouri. These lands, in what is now Kansas, were west of the Missouri and north of the

1809:

basin, but they also sporadically launched violent raids on settlers far outside the area.

7905: 7724: 7718: 7706: 7700: 7676: 7646: 7618: 7448: 7267: 5779: 4966: 4857:"The Brotherton Indians of New Jersey, 1780 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History" 3919: 3846: 3076: 3009: 2907: 2891: 2793: 2646: 2367: 2285: 2258: 2188: 2177: 2041: 1995:(present-day Pittsburgh) and the British, along with Indian allies, controlled the area of 1974: 1624: 1328:

The success of these methods allowed the tribe to maintain a larger population than other,

1227: 952: 822: 618: 5599: 847:, who first met the Lenape in 1682, said the Unami used the following words: "mother" was 8: 8130: 7465: 7415: 7371: 7249: 7188: 7114: 4252:

Russell, Emily W.B. "Indian Set Fires in the Forests of the Northeastern United States."

3464: 3207: 3065: 2989: 2902: 2719:

The Delaware Tribe of Indians were required to purchase land from the reservation of the

2339: 2303: 2281: 2277: 2134: 2115: 1779: 1767: 1654: 1636: 1485:

was greeted by local Lenape who came by canoe, after his ship entered what is now called

1385: 1308:, who stayed in the area from 1634 to 1644, described a Lenape hunt in the valley of the 726: 6935:

The Dutch-Munsee Encounter in America: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Hudson Valley

6101:

Names Which the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians Gave to Rivers, Streams, and Localities

5399: 4679:

The Dutch-Munsee Encounter in America: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Hudson Valley

4211:(Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1950), 2, 35–37, 63–65, 124. 1714: 8080: 8060: 7970: 7557: 7471: 7454: 7405: 7277: 7106: 4649: 4605: 4597: 4190: 4173:

Caffrey, Margaret M. (2000). "Complementary Power: Men and Women of the Lenni Lenape".

3293: 3288: 3258: 3049: 2924: 2844: 2781: 2724: 2705: 2622: 2617:. In 1859 the US forced the remaining Lenape to remove from Texas to a location on the 2595: 2246: 2215: 1938: 1723: 1662: 1584: 1486: 1415:

One of the more common activities of leisure for the Lenni Lenape would be the game of

1403: 1280: 944: 786: 771: 595: 255: 197: 5812: 5289: 5162: 4109:"The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Search Results of "wolf clan" English to Lenape" 2343: 629:

colonists began to call the Lenape the Delaware Indians because of where they lived.

487:

During the last decades of the 18th century, European settlers and the effects of the

8105: 8090: 8075: 8055: 8050: 7712: 7410: 6952: 6938: 6920: 6905: 6890: 6874: 6864: 6841: 6819: 6790: 6772:

The Diary of David Zeisberger: A Moravian Missionary Among the Ohio Indians, Volume 2

6757:

The Diary of David Zeisberger: A Moravian Missionary Among the Ohio Indians, Volume 1

6715: 6700: 6670: 6655: 6640: 6610: 6580: 6550: 6520: 6505: 6490: 6475: 6460: 6445: 6430: 6397: 6364: 6349: 6334: 6304: 6289: 6264: 6249: 6234: 6219: 6204: 6188: 6156: 6141: 6126: 6104: 6074: 6014: 5990: 5975: 5956: 5941: 5926: 5911: 5896: 5881: 5866: 5836: 5832: 5343: 5319: 5277: 5236: 5216: 5090: 4975: 4829: 4766:

Colonialism and the Discursive Antecedents of Penn's Treaty with the Indians]," 18–40

4716: 4609: 4589: 4182: 4108: 4088: 3815: 3804: 3751: 3479: 3278: 2862: 2547: 2315: 2257:. Wood (and earlier settlers) often misinterpreted the Indian use of place names for 2196: 2133:

Be it known by this, that it has been in our consideration of late about settling of

2053: 1833: 749: 5763: 5133:

https://www.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/content-images/00540.01p1.web_.jpg

5042: 3675: 3378: 2441: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8085: 8070: 8065: 8035: 8030: 8010: 7855: 7652: 7198: 5335: 4745: 4581: 3893: 3490: 3475: 3425:

The Lenape's historic territories inside the divides of the frequently mountainous

3298: 3253: 3177: 3141: 3025: 2800: 2773: 2693: 2673: 2650: 2534: 2107: 2071: 2029: 1954: 1914: 1910: 1878: 1798: 1794: 1744: 1737: 1709: 1705: 1685: 1593: 1479: 1313: 929: 895: 834: 742: 730: 670: 636: 504: 469: 403: 372: 355: 323: 156: 5908:

Footprints in Time: A History and Ethnology of The Lenape-Delaware Indian Culture.

4585: 3062:(1731–1802), purportedly the last surviving Lenape in Chester County, Pennsylvania 8181: 8140: 8120: 8045: 7930: 7875: 7845: 7520: 7400: 7148: 7110: 7001: 6838: 6005:. Vol. 15: Northeast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 213–239. 5517: 4710: 4220:

Day, Gordon M. "The Indian as an Ecological Factor in the Northeastern Forests."

4085:

Footprints in Time: A History and Ethnology of The Lenape-Delaware Indian Culture

3865: 3745: 3643: 3594: 3518: 3247: 3228: 2840: 2765: 2720: 2701: 2649:

in 1830, the Lenape were forced to move further west. They were granted lands in

2173: 2103: 2091: 2079: 2067: 2033: 1987: 1918: 1816:

established missions in Lenape settlements. The Moravians required the Christian

1813: 1751:

settlements. When they resisted European colonial expansion at the height of the

1620: 1579: 1457: 1441: 1344: 1332: 830: 818: 690: 610: 508: 302: 260: 160: 6387:

https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011343/http://www.lenapenation.org/main.html

6376:

https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011343/http://www.lenapenation.org/main.html

6201:

Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania, and the First Nations: The Treaties of 1736–62.

5640: 4989: 4398: 4041: 2555:

the Lenape land claims recognized, but his efforts were met only by opposition.

2499:. The Lenape were peaceful and shared their territory in Spanish Texas with the 8160: 8115: 8110: 8040: 8005: 7241: 4059: 3510: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3104: 3092: 3059: 2887: 2804: 2677: 2594:

was assisted by Jim Shaw (a Lenape), in settling the German communities in the

2591: 2231: 2169: 2154: 2123: 2011: 1874: 1681: 1628: 1565: 1507: 1351: 1292: 1263: 1223: 814: 767: 759: 745: 706: 614: 492: 266: 164: 87: 7006: 5112:"Statement opposing white settlement on Indian land in Brotherton, New Jersey" 4824:

Barbara, Hoskins; Foster, Caroline; Roberts, Dorothea; Foster, Gladys (1960).

3150:

or Allumapees (c. 1675–1747), 18th century chief and member of the Turtle clan

2052:

the conflict, which compounded their dispossession at the hand of encroaching

8175: 7985: 7955: 7950: 7835: 7640: 7588: 7436: 7365: 7335: 7046: 6878: 6331:

On Records: Delaware Indians, Colonists, and the Media of History and Memory.

5401:, accessed July 8, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. 4593: 4524: 4186: 3718: 3525: 3498: 3494: 3468: 3453: 3242: 3112: 3037: 2875: 2618: 2614: 2587: 2523: 2512: 2486: 2207: 1869: 1865: 1612: 1575: 1571: 1541: 1445: 1389: 1336: 1256: 1250: 925: 779: 752: 694: 465: 449: 426: 91: 6416:

Colonialism and the Discursive Antecedents of Penn's Treaty with the Indians

5987:

A Nation of Women: Gender and Colonial Encounters Among the Delaware Indians

4833: 3130:(Hopocan), (c. 1725–c. 1818), 18th century chief and member of the Wolf Clan 1665:. Recurrent violent conflicts with Europeans also devastated Lenape people. 677:, where many Lenape confederations were based in the 16th and 17th centuries 8100: 7935: 7925: 7442: 7420: 7359: 7353: 7179: 7173: 7142: 7118: 4749: 3705: 3506: 3237: 3167: 3163: 3127: 3031: 2981: 2911: 2658: 2603: 2566:

with the remaining Lenape and a few other tribes was negotiated in 1843 at

2331: 2063: 2048: 2020: 2007: 1996: 1760: 1748: 1733: 1729: 1669: 1647:

of Lenape were the largest tribe on the Delaware River, with 200 warriors.

1531: 1511: 844: 798: 763: 722: 714: 702: 682: 674: 662: 652: 587: 583: 457: 445: 282: 277: 244: 222: 177: 75: 7035: 5342:, University of Oklahoma Press (1964), trade paperback (2003), 296 pages, 3075:) (c. 1740 or 1750 – 1831), chief of the Turkey clan and signatory of the 1925:

to Christianity. The missionaries established several missions, including

1881:

and were among the Native Americans who besieged present-day Pittsburgh.

7634: 7383: 7329: 7218: 7208: 7158: 7030: 6301:

Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware, 1630–1707

5067: 4122: 3587: 3552: 3449: 3193: 3187: 3133: 3108: 2551: 2527: 2250: 2238: 2200: 1837: 1719: 1701: 1604: 1515: 718: 461: 288: 83: 7489:

Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio

6474:(Revised Edition). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 2000. 4663:

Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware 1630–1707

4601: 4150: 4137:"The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View – turtle clan" 4136: 2811:. Because the extinguishment occurred prior to the passage of the first 1287:: maize, beans, and squash. Men hunted, fished, and otherwise harvested 7900: 7536: 7516: 7508: 7230: 7168: 6779: 6764: 6749: 6734: 6689: 6629: 6599: 6577:

Dutch Explorers, Traders And Settlers In The Delaware Valley, 1609–1664

6569: 6539: 6323: 6176: 6093: 6063: 6048: 6033: 5855: 4924: 4474:

Lenni Lenape Original Settlers, Matawan Journal, June 27, 1957, Page 12

4194: 3997: 3636: 3529: 3457: 3345: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3203: 3086: 2977: 2962: 2953: 2784:, claimed aboriginal and fee title to the 315 acres of land located in 2408: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2234: 2219: 2192: 2142: 2083: 2059: 1845: 1806: 1787: 1770:

native Munsee Lenape from their settlements in the area of present-day

1644: 1462: 1355: 914: 698: 666: 591: 441: 7048:"Delaware. One of the most important tribes of Algonquian stock" 6976: 6797:. "The Delaware" that Zeisberger translated was Munsee, and not Unami. 5829:

The People of New Sweden: Our Colony on the Delaware River, 1638–1655.

1801:

and New Jersey, progressing into Pennsylvania and then to present-day

7341: 7194: 6374:

Repsher, Donald R. "Indian Place Names in Bucks County". As cited in

3483: 3426: 3303: 3147: 3043: 2770:

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

2633: 1650: 1608: 1564:, which allowed settlement west of the Hudson within the province of 1449: 1322: 1304:

anything from bears and beavers to raccoons and foxes. Dutch settler

734: 586:, the Lenape historical territory, which spanned what is now eastern 524: 477: 129: 6346:

Blackcoats Among the Delaware: David Zeisberger on the Ohio Frontier

4912:

Blackcoats among the Delaware: David Zeisberger on the Ohio frontier

3320: 2383: 436:

The Lenape's historical territory includes present-day northeastern

7870: 7805: 7796: 7377: 7347: 7162: 7018: 6994: 6949:

Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York.

5848:

A History of New Sweden; or, the Settlements on the River Delaware.

5617:"'We Just Want to be Welcomed Back': The Lenape Seek a Return Home" 4277:

Smithsonian Institution—Handbook of North American Indians series:

4243:, Ph.D. dissertation (New Brunswick, PA: Rutgers University, 1979). 3263: 3159: 2985: 2973: 2969: 2944: 2772:, seeking to reclaim 315 acres (1.27 km) included in the 1737 2571: 2362: 2000: 1868:. In 1763, Bill Hickman, a Lenape, warned English colonists in the 1821: 1817: 1658: 1616: 1549: 1246: 933: 918: 785:

The Stockbridge-Munsee Community has a 22,139-acre (89.59 km)

710: 599: 516: 473: 437: 409: 306: 118: 69: 6396:(Early American Studies). University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. 6286:

William Penn's Own Account of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians

5989:(Early American Studies). University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. 5569:"Delaware Indians may use land donated by couple as burial ground" 5338:, edited and annotated by Frank McNitt, foreword by Durwood Ball, 4962: 3985:

William Penn's Own Account of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians

3162:(c. 1625–c. 1701), leader reported to have negotiated treaty with 7995: 7236: 7012: 6394:

Peoples of the River Valleys: The Odyssey of the Delaware Indians

5953:

A History of the Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania.

5739: 4393:(Ph.D. thesis). Pennsylvania State University. pp. 140–147. 3153: 2879: 2530:, but the authorities never granted the Lenape any legal titles. 2181: 2138: 1962: 1905:

Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga

1329: 1288: 1239: 879:, which to translate is, 'not I have,' instead of 'I have not'." 540: 481: 140: 6547:

Delaware's Forgotten Folk: The Story of the Moors and Nanticokes

6192: 4899:

Wilderness Christians: Moravian Missions to the Delaware Indians

4561:

http://www.mariminato.com/en/insitu/2016/lenapes_4.php#main-info

3819: 3532:

served as a similar boundary in the northern regions during the

1980:

As the Revolutionary War intensified, the Lenape in present-day

1350:

European settlers and traders from the 17th-century colonies of

8135: 7965: 7224: 7204: 6742:

Grammar of the Language of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians

3747:

Grammar of the language of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians

3268: 3118: 3098: 2997: 2638: 2546:

The Lenape remained friendly after Texas won its independence.

2354:. Occasionally, they played surprising roles as Indian allies. 2254: 2242: 2126: 2037: 1966: 1942: 1853: 1673: 1597: 1380: 657: 632: 507:

and surrounding regions. Lenape people currently belong to the

430: 238: 216: 79: 7040: 6682:

The Nanticoke Indians: A Refugee Tribal Group of Pennsylvania.

6001:

Goddard, Ives (1978). "Delaware". In Trigger, Bruce G. (ed.).

5318:, Doubleday (2006), pp. 77–80, 94, 101, hardcover, 462 pages, 4979:, Boston: James R. Osgood and Co., 1884., accessed 19 Mar 2010 4627:

The Family Hunting Territory and Lenape Political Organization

1560:

along the Hudson. The Dutch finally established a garrison at

951:, the Lenape were considered the grandfathers from whom other 90:(south). Inset: The location of the region in the present-day 7915: 7840: 7214: 7184: 6982: 6361:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples

2993: 2808: 2583: 2570:

and the Lenape were enlisted to help him make peace with the

2500: 2334:, and as guides and hunters for wagon trains. They served as 1958: 1317: 1297: 338: 7024: 6409:

Lenape Country: Delaware Valley Society before William Penn.

6013:(Indians of North America). Chelsea House Publishing, 1989. 5149:

Oklahoma State University Libraries Tribal Treaties Database

1917:, arrived in the Ohio Country near the Lenape villages. The 1790:. Reverend John Brainerd abandoned the reservation in 1777. 1574:

was founded in 1624 by the Dutch in what would later become

7094: 3206:(c. 1730–1778), Turtle clan peace chief who negotiated the 3176:(died c. 1770), chief who led peace negotiations following 2930: 1981: 1802: 393: 387: 381: 361: 344: 329: 297: 6532:

Delaware's Buried Past: A Story of Archeological Adventure

6216:

The Lenape-Delaware Indian Heritage, 10,000 BC to AD 2000.

5598: (United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit), 4823: 3437:

include (from south to north and then counter-clockwise):

2799:

The court held that the justness of the extinguishment of

1568:. This land was purchased from the Lenape after the fact. 305:

citizens, Jennie Bobb and her daughter Nellie Longhat, in

6056:

Vestiges of Material Culture Among the Canadian Delawares

5552:"Delaware Tribe of Indians' federal recognition restored" 5085:

Misencik, Paul R.; Misencik, Sally E. (January 9, 2020).

3111:, c. 1686–1776), founder the village of Gekelmukpechunk ( 2988:, and elsewhere claim descent from Lenape people and are 5233:

The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Northeast,

5087:

American Indians of the Ohio Country in the 18th Century

4312:"Lenni Lenape Methods of Gardening and Food Preparation" 2822: 1325:

to stream water to make fish dizzy and easier to catch.

886:, preserving and digitizing the Southern Unami dialect. 41:. For individual people from the state of Delaware, see 6988: 6727:

David Zeisberger's History of Northern American Indians

6442:

Indian Treaties Printed by Benjamin Franklin, 1736–1762

6261:

A Lenape Among the Quakers: The Life of Hannah Freeman.

5595:

The Delaware Nation v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 250

5292:, Missouri State University, accessed September 8, 2010 6684:

Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1948).

6562:

Delaware's Forgotten River: The Story of the Christina

6517:

A Man and His Ship: Peter Minuit and the Kalmar Nyckel

5377:, Vol. I. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1918, p. 250. 3802:

William, Brandon (1961). Alvin M., Josephy Jr. (ed.).

3528:

peoples and the Lenape peoples, and the Catskills and

3196:, chief and warrior who represented the Lenape at the 2935:

Three groups who claim descent from Lenape people are

1578:. Dutch settlers also founded a colony at present-day 78:, as of the 16th and 17th centuries, with speakers of 6624:(New and Enlarged Edition). Hambleton Company, 1953. 6489:

Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1998.

6411:

Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.

6316:

The Culture and Acculturation of the Delaware Indians

6187:. American Heritage Publishing Co. pp. 188–189. 6182: 5163:"Brotherton statement of refusal to leave New Jersey" 2816:

to Chief Tatamy—not to the tribe as a collectivity."

1378:. The Lenape were major producers of labor intensive 932:

who lived to their south and west in present western

384: 335: 5876:

Brinton, Daniel G., C.F. Denke, and Albert Anthony.

5575:. Associated Press. September 19, 2000. p. B-10 3218: 390: 378: 358: 341: 326: 6816:

The White Deer and Other Stories Told by the Lenape

6639:New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1972. 6422:. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004: 18–40. 6071:

The Indians of New Jersey: Dickon Among the Lenapes

5498:, Oklahoma Historical Society, accessed May 6, 2017 4209:

Pennsylvania Agriculture and Country Life 1640–1840

4002:

LENAPE TALKING DICTIONARY By English WORD or PHRASE

3015: 2827: 2778:

The Delaware Nation v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

2538:never officially ratified by the Texas government. 563:, which means "genuine, pure, real, original", and 375: 332: 6887:The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. 6274:Middleton, Sam (Chief Mountain, "Neen Ees To-ko). 3810:. American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 3803: 2637:A Lenape farm on a Delaware Indian Reservation in 2129:to oppose selling any more land to white settlers: 1937:. The missionaries pressured Indigenous people to 1283:, in which women cultivated many varieties of the 766:, Ontario. The Delaware of Six Nations shares the 6418:". Daniel K. Richter and William A. Pencak, eds. 5972:Blackfoot Dictionary of Stems, Roots, and Affixes 4638: 2759:Thornbury Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 1969:, favored the British. They believed that by the 1901:Western theater of the American Revolutionary War 8202:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands 8173: 7127:History of Native Americans in the United States 5084: 4882:Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars, 1492–1890, 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 2878:in the late 18th century settled in what is now 1909:During the early 1770s, missionaries, including 1274: 5780:"Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania Cultural Center" 5316:Blood and Thunder: An Epic of the American West 5019:Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 2653:in exchange for lands on the James Fork of the 1877:region of Pennsylvania.. Many Lenape joined in 423:Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands 27:Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands 6951:Council Oak Books: San Francisco, 2002, 2007. 6919:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press (1996) 6917:Delaware-English / English-Delaware dictionary 3444:shores from the river's eastern mouth and the 758:Today, the Munsee-Delaware Nation has its own 717:. Their lands also extended west from western 689:), was a large territory that encompassed the 573: 571:, meaning "real person" or "original person". 557: 7779: 7077: 6333:Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2012. 5334:Page lv of the introduction by Frank McNitt, 4715:. St. Clair Shoes, MI: Somerset. p. 72. 2097: 1884: 1763:region from the Iroquois Mohawk of New York. 5511:"Delaware Tribe regains federal recognition" 5215:Heart of the Lakes Publishing (March 1997). 5167:Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 5078: 4379:Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, 1999, p.5 3894:"Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians" 3764: 3551:One big cultural change occurred during the 2241:, New York. He collectively called them the 2036:. Like the other bands, they also spoke the 1291:. In the 17th century, the Lenape practiced 900: 565: 8262:Native Americans in the American Revolution 7461:Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands 6502:A Brief Account of the Indians of Delaware. 5893:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1989. 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 4886:The Northwest Under Three Flags, 1635–1796, 4548:Four Centuries of Dutch-American Relations, 4517: 3489:Regions south of there through the eastern 3419: 3004:for recognition. One of these includes the 2032:, lived in several mission villages run by 1778:. Led by Reverend John Brainerd, colonists 1534:'s 1682 treaty with the Lenape depicted in 873: 865: 857: 849: 39:Category:Native American tribes in Delaware 8232:Native American tribes in New York (state) 7786: 7772: 7084: 7070: 7041:Lenape (Southern Unami) Talking Dictionary 6729:(Classic Reprint). Forgotten Books, 2012. 6549:. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. 6276:Blackfoot Confederacy, Ancient and Modern. 6103:(Classic Reprint). Forgotten Books, 2012. 5970:Frantz, Donald G. and Norma Jean Russell. 5936:De Valinger, Leon, Jr. and C.A. Weslager. 5635: 5633: 4621: 4619: 4537: 4533:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. 3833: 3831: 3829: 3743: 2325: 1782:200 people to Indian Mills, then known as 1611:peoples in the north and west such as the 1448:which were used to cure ringworm and with 7594:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park 6363:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 6231:The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell 4783:. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press. 4774: 4772: 4571: 4559:see Mari Minato research on Lenape tribe 3405:Learn how and when to remove this message 3190:(1700–1763), leader of the eastern Lenape 2869: 2468:Learn how and when to remove this message 1514:rivers, and included the western part of 1396: 6811:, Hope Farm Press (Saugerties, NY 1995) 5863:Mythology of the Lenape: Guide and Texts 5709: 5707: 5705: 5380: 5374:A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans 4729: 4226:New England and New York Areas 1580–1800 3898:Wisconsin Department of Public Education 2931:State-recognized and unrecognized groups 2632: 2082:. Then the troop, aided by Lenape chief 1713: 1526: 904: 656: 635:colonists also settled in the area, and 296: 8217:Native American history of Pennsylvania 7609:Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum 6828:Brown, James W. and Rita T. Kohn, eds. 6233:. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2007. 6000: 5895:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. 5685:"Removal History of the Delaware Tribe" 5665:. National Congress of American Indians 5643:. National Congress of American Indians 5630: 5610: 5608: 5532: 5393:Carol A. Lipscomb, "DELAWARE INDIANS," 4939: 4937: 4616: 4523: 4172: 3852: 3826: 3801: 3513:, and further south along a stretch of 3156:(fl. 1740–1763), Turkey clan war leader 2768:filed suit against Pennsylvania in the 2284:again, over 900 miles' travel away, to 1343:, the first European explorer to enter 499:relocated most Lenape remaining in the 14: 8237:Native American tribes in Pennsylvania 8174: 6858: 6667:The English on the Delaware: 1610–1682 6041:Religion and Ceremonies of the Lenape. 6026:A Preliminary Sketch of Lenape Culture 5891:Burrows, Edward G. and Mike. Wallace. 5614: 5506: 5504: 4826:Washington Valley, an informal history 4819: 4817: 4815: 4778: 4769: 4738:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4527:(1978). Sturtevant, William C. (ed.). 4309: 4083:Carman, Alan E. (September 16, 2013). 4082: 4024:"Northeast Indian Social Organization" 3623: 3621: 3619: 2776:to build a casino. In the suit titled 2291: 2253:across Long Island Sound, such as the 2230:In the early 19th century the amateur 2015:attacks by British-allied Indians and 1452:which were used to cure ear problems. 924:At the time of European settlement in 737:and a sliver of the upper edge of the 408: 8212:Native American history of New Jersey 7767: 7123:Native Americans in the United States 7065: 6889:New Jersey Historical Society, 1987. 6809:The Delaware Indians, a brief history 6440:Van Doren, Carl, and Julian P. Boyd. 6348:. Kent State University Press, 1991. 6185:The American Heritage Book of Indians 6118:. University of Delaware Press, 1995. 5974:. University of Toronto Press, 1995. 5865:. University of Arizona Press, 1995. 5719:National Congress of American Indians 5702: 5677: 5558:7 Aug 2009 (retrieved 11 August 2009) 5488: 5145:"Treaty With The Wyandot, Etc., 1795" 5109: 5037: 5035: 4925:"The History of the Kansas Munsee..." 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4708: 4665:. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912, p. 9 4410: 4408: 4256:, Vol. 64, no. 1 (Feb. 1983): 78, 88. 4224:, Vol. 34, #2 (April 1953): 329–346. 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 3806:The American Heritage Book of Indians 3573: 3571: 2823:Contemporary tribes and organizations 2628: 2310:in Missouri near its confluence with 1492: 8227:Native American tribes in New Jersey 6263:University of Nebraska Press, 2014. 6203:University of Illinois Press, 2006. 5764:"Petitions for Federal Recognition." 5605: 5523:4 Aug 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009. 4934: 4735: 4668: 4483: 4442:The Lenape-Delaware Indian Heritage, 4429:The Lenape-Delaware Indian Heritage, 4293:"The Munsee-Speaking Lenape Indians" 4042:"The Nanticoke Indian Tribe History" 3686:from the original on August 13, 2019 3612:The Lenape-Delaware Indian Heritage, 3343:adding citations to reliable sources 3314: 3040:(c. 1720–1805), Wolf clan war leader 2950:Nanticoke-Lenni Lenape Tribal Nation 2406:adding citations to reliable sources 2377: 2199:, and westward and southward of the 2086:, traveled to the nearby village of 1852:colonial authorities. Lenape leader 1402:Additionally, both sexes might wear 697:regions of eastern Pennsylvania and 113:Regions with significant populations 8267:Native American tribes in Wisconsin 8207:Native American history of Delaware 7748:Native American place names in Ohio 6697:The Swedes and Dutch at New Castle. 6183:Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., ed. (1961). 5501: 4812: 4388: 4279:Handbook of North American Indians, 3924:Southern Plains Tribal Health Board 3647:Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. 3616: 3046:(died after 1775), Wolf clan leader 2968:More than a dozen organizations in 2943:Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware in 2908:Moravian of the Thames First Nation 2692:The main body of Lenape arrived in 2214:invited the Munsee Lenape to their 2184:settled in 1792 following the war. 1848:shifted to building alliances with 1812:Beginning in the 18th century, the 1473: 1426: 533:Moravian of the Thames First Nation 24: 8252:Native American tribes in Oklahoma 8222:Native American tribes in Delaware 8101:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo) 6937:(New York: Berghahn Books, 2006). 6848:. Indiana University Press (2007). 6801: 6789:. Harvard University Press, 1887. 6669:. Rutgers University Press, 1967. 6575:Weslager, C.A., and A. R. Dunlap. 6534:. Rutgers University Press, 1968. 6171:University of Pennsylvania, 1911. 6073:. Rutgers University Press, 1963. 6058:. New Era Printing Company, 1908. 6028:. New Era Printing Company, 1913. 6003:Handbook of North American Indians 5235:Columbia University Press (2002). 5032: 4840: 4530:Handbook of North American Indians 4405: 4157: 3568: 3274:Native American tribes in Maryland 1226:clan system and historically were 25: 8283: 8242:Native American tribes in Indiana 6970: 6579:. Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011. 6500:Weslager, Clinton, Alfred (C.A). 6155:Syracuse University Press, 1995. 5448:"12 Indian Claims Commission 404" 5213:Algonquian Peoples of Long Island 5110:Micty, Joseph (January 6, 1780). 4681:. New York: Berghahn Press, 2006. 4364: 3649:2010: 13. Retrieved 10 June 2010. 2992:. Organizations in Pennsylvania, 2882:. Canada recognizes three Lenape 2577: 2541: 2047:The British made plans to attack 2019:. The Americans agreed and built 1939:abandon their traditional customs 776:Six Nations Indian Reserve No. 40 7795: 7482:Prehistoric communities or sites 7093: 6637:The Delaware Indians: A History. 6427:Delaware Indian Language of 1824 6318:. University of Michigan, 1956. 6140:W. W. Norton and Company, 1990. 6125:W. W. Norton and Company, 1990. 5940:. Literary Licensing LLC, 2013. 5806: 5797: 5772: 5757: 5732: 5655: 5587: 5561: 5545: 5526: 5476: 5440: 5412:"9 Indian Claims Commission 346" 5404: 4961: 3319: 3221: 3136:(died 1762), chief who assisted 3016:Notable historical Lenape people 2828:U.S. federally recognized tribes 2506: 2480: 2382: 1999:across the river in present-day 1832:The Lenape initially sided with 1582:, on June 3, 1631, and named it 371: 354: 322: 68: 8257:Native American tribes in Texas 7007:Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware 6654:. Middle Atlantic Press, 1978. 6609:(Middle Atlantic Press, 1988). 6519:. Middle Atlantic Press, 1990. 6504:Literary Licensing, LLC, 2012. 6288:. Middle Atlantic Press, 1981. 5813:Killbuck, Ohio History Central. 5740:"Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania" 5615:Cooper, Kenny (July 30, 2021). 5365: 5352: 5328: 5308: 5295: 5283: 5271: 5246: 5225: 5205: 5180: 5155: 5137: 5125: 5103: 5060: 5007: 4982: 4955: 4946: 4917: 4904: 4891: 4874: 4787: 4756: 4702: 4693: 4684: 4655: 4565: 4553: 4508: 4499: 4477: 4468: 4447: 4434: 4421: 4416:The Delaware Indians: A History 4382: 4373: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4322: 4310:Krykew, Sarah (July 15, 2016). 4303: 4285: 4271: 4259: 4246: 4231: 4214: 4201: 4143: 4129: 4115: 4101: 4076: 4052: 4034: 4016: 3990: 3977: 3951: 3938: 3912: 3886: 3877: 3840: 3737: 3659:"Art on the Prairies: Delaware" 3545: 3330:needs additional citations for 2744: 2731: 2533:The situation changed when the 2393:needs additional citations for 2225: 1893:Brodhead's Coshocton expedition 1722:depicted in a 1735 portrait by 1695: 1692:government to take precedence. 1522: 909:Susie Elkhair, a member of the 681:The historical Lenape country, 74:The Lenape territory, known as 8247:Native American tribes in Ohio 7054:New International Encyclopedia 6859:Grumet, Robert Steven (2009). 6592:Magic Medicines of the Indians 6138:The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire. 4799:archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu 4316:Chadds Ford Historical Society 3847:"Online Etymology Dictionary." 3711: 3698: 3668: 3652: 3630: 3604: 3601:2000 (retrieved July 19, 2011) 3580: 3497:lands through the present-day 3121:(16th century), sachem of the 3101:(18th century), Lenape prophet 2923:), two Canadian reserves near 2921:Six Nations of the Grand River 2700:of Lenape in Oklahoma are the 2524:adapted to the Mexican culture 1921:sent these men to convert the 1676:colonists created the English 1537:Penn's Treaty with the Indians 1435: 955:-speaking peoples originated. 739:North Branch Susquehanna River 639:sources called the Lenape the 617:for the first governor of the 613:. English colonists named the 555:originates from two autonyms, 13: 1: 7019:Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Nation 7013:Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania 6861:The Munsee Indians: a history 6818:. New York: W. Morrow, 1995. 6699:Middle Atlantic Press, 1990. 6487:Indian Paths of Pennsylvania. 6299:Myers, Albert Cook (editor). 5955:Wennawoods Publishing, 1997. 5878:A Lenâpé – English Dictionary 5821: 5119:The Gilder Lehrman Collection 4779:Harper, Steven Craig (2006). 4586:10.2307/pennhistory.74.1.0001 3310: 3006:Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania 2302:, signed October 3, 1818, in 1653:of newly introduced European 1617:Confederation of the Iroquois 1455:The Lenape carry the nuts of 1275:Hunting, fishing, and farming 884:The Lenape Talking Dictionary 803:Wichita and Affiliated Tribes 105: 7579:Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio) 7494:Archaeological sites in Ohio 6989:Stockbridge-Munsee Community 5925:Powerkids Publishing, 2005. 5482:Pages 401 to 409. Weslager, 5280:, accessed September 8, 2010 4646:Colonial Delaware: A History 4087:. Trafford. pp. 88–90. 3859:"Lenape Talking Dictionary." 2859:Stockbridge-Munsee Community 2600:Chihuahua-El Paso Expedition 808: 579:may be translated as "man". 521:Stockbridge–Munsee Community 43:List of people from Delaware 7: 7599:Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum 7301:Two Mile Square Reservation 7296:Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation 7025:Ramapo Munsee Lenape Nation 6564:. Hambleton Company, 1947. 6378:. Retrieved March 15, 2012. 6278:Kainai Chieftainship, 1951. 5910:Trafford Publishing, 2013. 5769:Retrieved January 20, 2012. 5539:Oklahoma Historical Society 4652:: KTO Press; 1978; pp. 9–12 4625:William Christie MacLeod. " 4330:"Lenni Lenape Indian Tribe" 3959:"Lunaape (Munsee-Delaware)" 3874:Retrieved December 2, 2013. 3849:Retrieved October 10, 2019. 3750:. Philadelphia: James Kay. 3725:. Delaware Tribe of Indians 3474:Regions west of there from 3250:(Lenape settlement in Ohio) 3214: 2807:, including in the case of 2752:Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act 2736:In 1979, the United States 2698:federally recognized tribes 2687: 2621:in the vicinity of present 797:, that they share with the 705:along the west bank of the 701:from the north bank of the 186:traditional tribal religion 10: 8288: 8272:People from New Netherland 8192:Eastern Algonquian peoples 7574:Flint Ridge State Memorial 7306:Upper Sandusky Reservation 6607:New Sweden on the Delaware 6457:Oral Tradition as History. 6088:. Uhlan Publishing, 2012. 5715:"Tribal Directory: Lenape" 5254:"Green Bay to Stockbridge" 5089:. McFarland. p. 107. 4355:Dreibelbis, 1978 , page 33 3744:Zeisberger, David (1827). 3284:Ramapough Mountain Indians 2559:Lenape remained in Texas. 2510: 2484: 2098:Late 18th century treaties 2056:during and after the war. 2025:Treaty of Fort Pitt (1778) 1971:Royal Proclamation of 1763 1951:American Revolutionary War 1890: 1885:American Revolutionary War 1699: 1596:. The Lenape who produced 1499:sustained European contact 1468: 1423:as to advance gradually". 1410: 1012:Dog standing by fireside, 893: 889: 791:tribal jurisdictional area 650: 646: 489:American Revolutionary War 472:. Today they are based in 36: 29: 8019: 7812: 7740: 7627: 7566: 7529: 7481: 7429: 7393: 7322: 7276: 7258: 7133: 7104: 7036:Lenape/English dictionary 7000:October 15, 2018, at the 6983:Delaware Tribe of Indians 6853:American Indian Quarterly 6744:. Forgotten Books, 2012. 6622:Red Men on the Brandywine 6383:English-Lenape Dictionary 5689:Delaware Tribe of Indians 5192:collections.dartmouth.edu 4709:Ricky, Donald B. (1999). 4367:Food, Farming and Hunting 4175:American Indian Quarterly 4063:www.nanticoke-lenape.info 3870:Delaware Tribe of Indians 3723:Lenape Talking Dictionary 3588:"A Place Called Whippany" 3054:Delaware Tribe of Indians 2850:Delaware Tribe of Indians 2813:Indian Nonintercourse Act 2710:Delaware Tribe of Indians 2611:Brazos Indian Reservation 2582:In 1845, the Republic of 2517:In 1828, Mexican General 2072:Moravian Christian Lenape 1975:Native American territory 1776:Morris County, New Jersey 1240:marry outside of his clan 911:Delaware Tribe of Indians 901:Clans and kinship systems 841:, fluently speak Munsee. 823:Algonquian language group 665:, comprising present-day 513:Delaware Tribe of Indians 454:Northeastern Pennsylvania 273: 251: 229: 207: 195: 190: 176: 171: 155: 150: 139: 128: 117: 112: 104: 99: 67: 60: 8197:First Nations in Ontario 7695:Battle of Fallen Timbers 7671:Treaty of Camp Charlotte 7584:Fort Hill State Memorial 7286:Blanchard's Fork Reserve 7099:Native Americans in Ohio 7031:Museum of Indian Culture 6964:The Light In The Forest. 6199:Kalter, Susan (editor). 5396:Handbook of Texas Online 5258:Green Bay to Stockbridge 3708:". Dictionary.com. 2023. 3562: 3138:Christian Frederick Post 2910:, Canadian reserve near 2901:, Canadian reserve near 2832:Three Lenape tribes are 2738:Bureau of Indian Affairs 2526:, sent their request to 2373: 1949:In the beginning of the 1690:Province of Pennsylvania 1627:added the Lenape to the 1590:Dutch West India Company 1368:Dutch West India Company 1312:(or Ackingsah-sack, the 605:The tribe's common name 8066:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe) 7753:Indian removals in Ohio 7614:SunWatch Indian Village 7604:New Indian Ridge Museum 7553:Thunderbird (mythology) 7314:Indian removals in Ohio 6837:August 8, 2010, at the 6807:Adams, Richard Calmit, 6472:Indians in Pennsylvania 6099:Heckewelder, John G.E. 6084:Heckewelder, John G.E. 6043:Forgotten Books, 2012. 5880:. Biblio Bazaar, 2009. 5573:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 5516:March 19, 2016, at the 5188:"New Stockbridge Tribe" 4690:Jennings (2000), p. 117 4632:American Anthropologist 4207:Stevenson W. Fletcher, 4060:"Our Tribal History..." 4028:Encyclopedia Britannica 3665:Retrieved 19 July 2011. 3002:U.S. federal government 2959:Ramapough Lenape Nation 2937:state-recognized tribes 2917:Delaware of Six Nations 2326:Role in western history 2266:Oneida County, New York 2264:Two groups migrated to 1967:Wolf Clan of the Lenape 1743:According to historian 1680:beginning at the lower 874: 866: 858: 850: 574: 566: 558: 546: 537:Delaware of Six Nations 497:U.S. federal government 32:Lenape (disambiguation) 7802:Native American tribes 7689:Siege of Fort Recovery 7291:Moravian Indian Grants 6904:. Lenape Books, 1996. 5803:S. H. Mitchell (1895) 5533:Stiefmiller, Helen M. 5494:Helen M. Stiefmiller, 5371:William E. Connelley. 4952:Schutt, (2007), p. 119 4750:10.1006/jaar.1996.0006 4486:"DELAWARE ETHNOBOTANY" 3676:"Definition of Lenape" 3593:July 27, 2013, at the 3586:Fariello, Leonardo A. 3454:colonial New York City 3198:Treaty of Fort Stanwix 3095:(died 1756), war chief 3073:Chief William Anderson 3056:, 1907–1984), linguist 2899:Munsee-Delaware Nation 2870:Canadian First Nations 2854:Bartlesville, Oklahoma 2836:in the United States: 2714:Bartlesville, Oklahoma 2696:in the 1860s. The two 2642: 2519:Manuel de Mier y Terán 2348:conquest of California 2338:in events such as the 2336:army guides and scouts 2320:Chief William Anderson 2165: 1726: 1678:colony of Pennsylvania 1544: 1504:Northeastern Woodlands 1483:Giovanni da Verrazzano 1397:Clothing and adornment 1341:Giovanni da Verrazzano 1245:As in the case of the 921: 821:belong to the Eastern 795:Caddo County, Oklahoma 678: 529:Munsee-Delaware Nation 310: 182:Native American Church 7665:Yellow Creek massacre 6116:New Sweden in America 5641:"Tribal Directory: D" 5556:Indian Country Today. 4943:Schutt, (2007), p.118 4884:1999, p. 234; Moore, 4861:www.gilderlehrman.org 4484:Hill, George (2015). 4346:Mark Kurlansky, 2006 4048:. September 16, 2023. 3503:colonial Pennsylvania 3182:Tamaqua, Pennsylvania 3087:Killbuck (Gelelemend) 2890:. Each is located in 2636: 2346:expeditions, and the 2178:Moraviantown, Ontario 2131: 2040:branch of Lenape, an 1897:Gnadenhutten massacre 1827:French and Indian War 1753:French and Indian War 1717: 1700:Further information: 1633:French and Indian War 1603:During the resulting 1540:, a 1771 portrait by 1530: 1372:Swedish South Company 1166:Moo-har-mo-wi-kar'-nu 1087:Ole-har-kar-me'kar-to 908: 839:Moraviantown, Ontario 827:mutually intelligible 782:peoples in Ontario. 660: 501:Eastern United States 300: 281: ( 259: ( 237: ( 215: ( 191:Related ethnic groups 8187:Algonquian ethnonyms 8096:Mescalero-Chiricahua 7851:Cheyenne and Arapaho 7731:Treaty of St. Mary's 7725:Treaty of Fort Meigs 7719:Treaty of Brownstown 7707:Treaty of Grouseland 7701:Treaty of Greenville 7677:Northwest Indian War 7647:Raid on Pickawillany 7619:Zane Shawnee Caverns 7548:Petroglyphs in Ohio‎ 7504:Petroglyphs in Ohio‎ 7449:Glacial Kame culture 7430:Prehistoric cultures 7394:Historic communities 7268:Algonquian languages 6947:Pritchard, Evan T., 6774:. Ulan Press, 2012. 6759:. Ulan Press, 2012. 6485:Wallace, Paul, A.W. 6470:Wallace, Paul, A.W. 6444:. Nabu Press, 2011. 6314:Newcomb, William W. 6303:. Nabu Press, 2012. 6284:Myers, Albert Cook. 6248:. Arno Press, 1979. 6218:Lenape Books, 2001. 6069:Harrington, Mark R. 6054:Harrington, Mark R. 5496:"Delaware, Eastern." 5484:The Delaware Indians 5303:The Delaware Indians 4994:Ohio History Central 4967:William Dean Howells 4661:Cook, Albert Myers. 4574:Pennsylvania History 4237:Emily W.B. Russell, 3663:All About the Shoes. 3339:improve this article 3115:), Ohio in the 1760s 3089:, Turtle clan leader 3081:Treaty of St. Mary's 3077:Treaty of Greenville 3010:Easton, Pennsylvania 3000:have petitioned the 2892:Southwestern Ontario 2874:The Lenape who fled 2834:federally recognized 2794:Tatamy, Pennsylvania 2672:, which created the 2402:improve this article 2368:Edwardsville, Kansas 2352:Mexican–American War 2299:Treaty of St. Mary's 2286:Green Bay, Wisconsin 2278:forcefully displaced 2189:Treaty of Greenville 1780:forcefully relocated 1625:Iroquois Confederacy 1038:Long-ush-har-kar'-to 619:Province of Virginia 287: 265: 243: 221: 167:as a second language 30:For other uses, see 7466:Monongahela culture 7416:Muskingum (village) 7278:Former reservations 7250:Western Confederacy 7115:Northwest Territory 6785:Zeisberger, David. 6770:Zeisberger, David. 6755:Zeisberger, David. 6740:Zeisberger, David. 6725:Zeisberger, David. 6710:Zeisberger, David. 6407:Soderlund, Jean R. 6359:Pritzker, Barry M. 6151:Jennings, Francis. 6136:Jennings, Francis. 6121:Jennings, Francis. 5951:Donehoo, George P. 5535:"Delaware, Eastern" 5231:Bragdon, Kathleen. 5047:Fort Laurens Museum 4914:. Kent, Ohio. 1991 4828:. Edward Brothers. 4712:Indians of Maryland 4365:Keoke, Emory Dean. 3900:. September 5, 2017 3637:"Pocket Pictorial." 3599:Whippanong Library, 3465:Western Connecticut 3458:colonial New Jersey 3208:Treaty of Fort Pitt 3140:in negotiating the 3066:Charles Journeycake 2990:unrecognized tribes 2903:St. Thomas, Ontario 2792:, near the town of 2712:, headquartered in 2704:, headquartered in 2674:Territory of Kansas 2670:Kansas–Nebraska Act 2340:Second Seminole War 2292:Indiana to Missouri 2180:, where the Turtle 1757:Sir William Johnson 1655:infectious diseases 1079:Drawing Down Hill, 1030:Pulling up Stream, 727:Lower Hudson Valley 413:), also called the 256:Lënapei èlixsuwakàn 57: 7866:Citizen Potawatomi 7683:St. Clair's defeat 7659:Lord Dunmore's War 7558:Underwater panther 7474:(Late Prehistoric) 7472:Whittlesey culture 7445:(Late Prehistoric) 7406:Lenape settlements 7107:Prehistory of Ohio 7027:, official website 7021:, official website 7015:, official website 7009:, official website 6991:, official website 6985:, official website 6979:, official website 6714:Nabu Press, 2012. 6344:Olmstead, Earl P. 6166:Johnson, Amandus. 6123:Empire of Fortune. 6039:Harrington, Mark. 6024:Harrington, Mark. 6009:Grumet, Robert S. 5850:Ulan Press, 2011. 5833:Natur & Kultur 5663:"Tribal Directory" 5305:, pp. 375, 378–380 4910:Olmstead, Earl P. 4650:Millwood, New York 4389:Utz, Axel (2011). 4297:The Watering Place 3864:2013-12-03 at the 3719:"Delaware Indians" 3642:2010-04-06 at the 3515:Atlantic sea coast 3493:outside the rival 3467:up to present-day 3446:Atlantic sea coast 3294:Unalachtigo Lenape 3259:Lenape settlements 3050:Nora Thompson Dean 2925:Brantford, Ontario 2845:Anadarko, Oklahoma 2790:Northampton County 2782:Moses Tunda Tatamy 2725:Curtis Act of 1898 2706:Anadarko, Oklahoma 2643: 2629:Kansas reservation 2623:Anadarko, Oklahoma 2596:Texas Hill Country 2195:, eastward of the 2116:forcibly displaced 1923:Indigenous peoples 1820:to share Moravian 1727: 1724:Gustavus Hesselius 1545: 1493:Early colonial era 1487:Lower New York Bay 1461:in the pocket for 1281:companion planting 1222:The Lenape have a 1212:Ground Scratcher, 1190:Nool-a-mar-lar'-mo 1164:Scratch the Path, 1160:Moo-kwung-wa-ho'ki 1099:Toosh-ki-pa-kwis-i 1000:Across the River, 945:Algonquian peoples 922: 787:Indian reservation 778:, shared with six 772:Brantford, Ontario 679: 596:Lower New York Bay 425:, who live in the 311: 267:Wënami èlixsuwakàn 261:Monsii èlixsuwakàn 198:Algonquian peoples 53: 8169: 8168: 8091:Hitchiti-Mikasuki 7831:Alabama-Quassarte 7761: 7760: 7713:Treaty of Detroit 7457:(Middle Woodland) 7411:Lower Shawneetown 6962:Richter, Conrad, 6910:978-0-935137-01-9 6895:978-0-911020-14-4 6870:978-0-8061-4062-9 6846:978-0-253-34968-2 6831:Long Journey Home 6814:Bierhorst, John. 6720:978-1-278-79951-3 6705:978-0-912608-50-1 6675:978-0-8135-0548-0 6660:978-0-912608-06-8 6585:978-1-258-17789-8 6555:978-0-8122-1983-8 6525:978-0-9625563-1-9 6510:978-1-258-23895-7 6495:978-0-89271-090-4 6480:978-0-89271-017-1 6450:978-1-178-59363-1 6435:978-1-935228-06-6 6425:Trowbridge, C.C. 6402:978-0-8122-2024-7 6385:. N.P., N.D. See 6381:Rice, Phillip W. 6369:978-0-19-513877-1 6354:978-0-87338-434-6 6339:978-0-8032-3986-9 6309:978-1-279-95624-3 6294:978-0-912608-13-6 6269:978-0-8032-4840-3 6254:978-0-405-11648-3 6239:978-0-345-47639-5 6229:Kurlansky, Mark. 6224:978-0-935137-03-3 6209:978-0-252-03035-2 6161:978-0-8156-2650-3 6146:978-0-393-30302-5 6131:978-0-393-30640-8 6109:978-1-4400-5862-2 6079:978-0-8135-0425-4 6019:978-0-7910-0385-5 5995:978-0-8122-2205-0 5980:978-0-8020-7136-1 5961:978-1-889037-11-0 5946:978-1-258-62207-7 5931:978-1-4042-2872-6 5916:978-1-4669-0742-3 5906:Carman, Alan, E. 5886:978-1-103-14922-3 5871:978-0-8165-1573-8 5861:Bierhorst, John. 5360:Blood and Thunder 5324:978-0-385-50777-6 5241:978-0-231-11452-3 5221:978-1-55787-148-0 5096:978-1-4766-7997-6 5072:The Kansas Munsee 4928:The Kansas Munsee 4644:Munroe, John A.: 4525:Trigger, Bruce C. 4493:Delawaretribe.org 4094:978-1-4669-0742-3 4046:Nanticoke Indians 3965:. Original Voices 3920:"Delaware Nation" 3757:978-0-404-15803-3 3519:colonial Delaware 3480:Susquehanna River 3452:, including both 3415: 3414: 3407: 3389: 3279:Okehocking people 2863:Bowler, Wisconsin 2548:Republic of Texas 2478: 2477: 2470: 2452: 2318:, is named after 2316:Anderson, Indiana 2272:who had moved to 2270:Washington Valley 2112:Washington Valley 2108:community leaders 2054:American pioneers 2030:Christian Munsees 1844:near present-day 1772:Washington Valley 1279:Lenape practiced 1196:Muh-krent-har'-ne 1188:Living in Water, 1178:Muh-ho-we-kä'-ken 1123:Kwis-aese-kees'to 1115:Snapping Turtle, 1103:Smallest Turtle, 1081:See-har-ong'-o-to 1073:High Bank Shore, 863:and "friend" was 410:[lənaːpe] 407: 295: 294: 203: 202: 16:(Redirected from 8279: 8021:Tribal languages 8001:United Keetoowah 7931:Muscogee (Creek) 7891:Fort Sill Apache 7826:Absentee Shawnee 7800: 7799: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7765: 7764: 7439:(Early Woodland) 7323:Historic figures 7098: 7097: 7086: 7079: 7072: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7050: 6900:Kraft, Herbert. 6885:Kraft, Herbert: 6882: 6855:12 (2): 107–126. 6594:. Signet, 1974. 6329:Newman, Andrew. 6214:Kraft, Herbert. 6196: 6006: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5776: 5770: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5744:lenapenationofpa 5736: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5711: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5637: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5612: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5565: 5559: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5530: 5524: 5508: 5499: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5464:on March 3, 2016 5463: 5457:. Archived from 5452: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5428:on March 3, 2016 5427: 5421:. Archived from 5416: 5408: 5402: 5391: 5378: 5369: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5336:Simpson, James H 5332: 5326: 5314:Sides, Hampton, 5312: 5306: 5299: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5250: 5244: 5229: 5223: 5211:Strong, John A. 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5039: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4986: 4980: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4921: 4915: 4908: 4902: 4895: 4889: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4853: 4838: 4837: 4821: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4682: 4672: 4666: 4659: 4653: 4642: 4636: 4623: 4614: 4613: 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4550:SUNY Press, 2009 4541: 4535: 4534: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4490: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4451: 4445: 4438: 4432: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4403: 4402: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4289: 4283: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4250: 4244: 4235: 4229: 4218: 4212: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4170: 4155: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3988: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3955: 3949: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3926:. April 10, 2017 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3824: 3823: 3809: 3799: 3762: 3761: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3715: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3672: 3666: 3656: 3650: 3634: 3628: 3625: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3556: 3549: 3537: 3505:, south through 3476:Albany, New York 3423: 3410: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3390: 3388: 3347: 3323: 3315: 3299:Walking Purchase 3254:Lenape mythology 3231: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3142:Treaty of Easton 3026:Richard C. Adams 2801:aboriginal title 2774:Walking Purchase 2694:Indian Territory 2651:Indian Territory 2535:Texas Revolution 2473: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2453: 2451: 2410: 2386: 2378: 2304:St. Mary's, Ohio 2163: 1915:John Heckewelder 1911:David Zeisberger 1840:in the east and 1795:Treaty of Easton 1745:Steven C. Harper 1738:Walking Purchase 1710:Walking Purchase 1706:Treaty of Easton 1686:Penn Treaty Park 1637:Seven Years' War 1594:upstate New York 1474:European contact 1427:Units of measure 1314:Hackensack River 1170:Opossum Ground, 1093:Ma-har-o-luk'-ti 1042:Bringing Along, 996:We-yar-nih'kä-to 938:eastern Maryland 930:Nanticoke people 896:Lenape mythology 877: 869: 861: 855:, "brother" was 853: 835:John Heckewelder 825:and are largely 819:Munsee languages 743:Schuylkill River 577: 569: 561: 505:Indian Territory 464:, and the lower 412: 404:Lenape languages 402: 400: 399: 396: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 377: 368: 367: 364: 363: 360: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 331: 328: 321: 205: 204: 107: 100:Total population 72: 58: 52: 21: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8277: 8276: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8023: 8015: 7886:Eastern Shawnee 7876:Delaware Nation 7817: 7815: 7808: 7794: 7792: 7762: 7757: 7736: 7623: 7562: 7525: 7521:Wilderness Road 7477: 7468:(Late Woodland) 7425: 7401:Hell Town, Ohio 7389: 7318: 7272: 7254: 7135:Historic tribes 7129: 7111:History of Ohio 7100: 7092: 7090: 7045: 7002:Wayback Machine 6977:Delaware Nation 6973: 6966:New York: 1953. 6915:O'Meara, John, 6871: 6839:Wayback Machine 6804: 6802:Further reading 6695:Weslager, C.A. 6680:Weslager, C.A. 6665:Weslager, C.A. 6650:Weslager, C.A. 6635:Weslager, C.A. 6620:Weslager, C.A. 6605:Weslager, C.A. 6590:Weslager, C.A. 6560:Weslager, C.A. 6545:Weslager, C.A. 6530:Weslager, C.A. 6515:Weslager, C.A. 6414:Spady, James. " 6392:Schutt, Amy C. 6259:Marsh, Dawn G. 5985:Fur, Gunglong. 5824: 5819: 5811: 5807: 5802: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5723: 5721: 5713: 5712: 5703: 5693: 5691: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5613: 5606: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5550: 5546: 5531: 5527: 5518:Wayback Machine 5509: 5502: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5450: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5392: 5381: 5370: 5366: 5357: 5353: 5333: 5329: 5313: 5309: 5300: 5296: 5290:"Delaware Town" 5288: 5284: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5230: 5226: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5126: 5114: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5083: 5079: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5041: 5040: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4935: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4909: 4905: 4901:. Ithaca. 1956 4896: 4892: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4855: 4854: 4841: 4822: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4777: 4770: 4761: 4757: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4707: 4703: 4699:Goddard 213–216 4698: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4673: 4669: 4660: 4656: 4643: 4639: 4624: 4617: 4570: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4542: 4538: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4488: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4439: 4435: 4426: 4422: 4413: 4406: 4387: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4308: 4304: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4251: 4247: 4236: 4232: 4219: 4215: 4206: 4202: 4171: 4158: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4007: 4005: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3866:Wayback Machine 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3837:Josephy 188–189 3836: 3827: 3800: 3765: 3758: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3680:Merriam Webster 3674: 3673: 3669: 3657: 3653: 3644:Wayback Machine 3635: 3631: 3626: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3595:Wayback Machine 3585: 3581: 3576: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3559: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3424: 3420: 3411: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3348: 3346: 3336: 3324: 3313: 3308: 3248:Hell Town, Ohio 3229:Delaware portal 3227: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3212: 3166:, and for whom 3018: 2933: 2888:Indian reserves 2872: 2841:Delaware Nation 2830: 2825: 2766:Delaware Nation 2747: 2734: 2721:Cherokee Nation 2702:Delaware Nation 2690: 2631: 2580: 2544: 2515: 2509: 2489: 2483: 2474: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2411: 2409: 2399: 2387: 2376: 2328: 2294: 2282:white colonists 2228: 2212:New Stockbridge 2174:Western Ontario 2170:Indian reserves 2164: 2161: 2104:Munsee-speaking 2100: 2092:Coshocton, Ohio 2068:Daniel Brodhead 1919:Moravian Church 1907: 1891:Main articles: 1887: 1814:Moravian Church 1712: 1698: 1635:(a part of the 1580:Lewes, Delaware 1556:in present-day 1525: 1497:At the time of 1495: 1476: 1471: 1458:Aesculus glabra 1438: 1429: 1413: 1399: 1374:to promote the 1345:New York Harbor 1333:hunter-gatherer 1277: 1220: 1202:Mur-karm-huk-se 1129: 1111:We-lung-ung-sil 1109:Little Turtle, 1105:Tung-ul-ung'-si 1075:Ta-ko-ong'-o-to 1050: 1026:Moon-har-tar'ne 1002:Toosh-war-ka'ma 990:Pä-sakun'a'-mon 903: 898: 892: 811: 748:with the rival 655: 649: 623:Lord De La Warr 611:French language 609:comes from the 549: 509:Delaware Nation 448:regions of the 421:people, are an 374: 370: 357: 353: 325: 319: 318: 303:Delaware Nation 286: 280: 264: 258: 242: 236: 220: 214: 185: 95: 63: 56:Delaware people 55: 51: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8285: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8027: 8025: 8024:(still spoken) 8017: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7941:Otoe-Missouria 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7881:Delaware Tribe 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7822: 7820: 7810: 7809: 7791: 7790: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7750: 7744: 7742: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7662: 7656: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7631: 7629: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7543:Mounds in Ohio 7540: 7533: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7499:Mounds in Ohio 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7458: 7452: 7446: 7440: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7282: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7264: 7262: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7212: 7202: 7192: 7182: 7177: 7171: 7166: 7156: 7146: 7139: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7089: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 7004: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6972: 6971:External links 6969: 6968: 6967: 6960: 6945: 6928: 6913: 6898: 6883: 6869: 6856: 6849: 6826: 6812: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6783: 6768: 6753: 6738: 6723: 6708: 6693: 6678: 6663: 6648: 6633: 6618: 6603: 6588: 6573: 6558: 6543: 6528: 6513: 6498: 6483: 6468: 6459:Oxford, 1985. 6455:Vansina, Jan. 6453: 6438: 6423: 6412: 6405: 6390: 6379: 6372: 6357: 6342: 6327: 6312: 6297: 6282: 6279: 6272: 6257: 6242: 6227: 6212: 6197: 6180: 6164: 6149: 6134: 6119: 6112: 6097: 6082: 6067: 6052: 6037: 6022: 6007: 5998: 5983: 5968: 5964: 5949: 5934: 5921:Dalton, Anne. 5919: 5904: 5889: 5874: 5859: 5844: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5805: 5796: 5771: 5756: 5731: 5701: 5676: 5654: 5629: 5604: 5586: 5560: 5544: 5525: 5500: 5487: 5475: 5439: 5403: 5379: 5364: 5351: 5327: 5307: 5294: 5282: 5270: 5245: 5224: 5204: 5179: 5154: 5136: 5124: 5102: 5095: 5077: 5059: 5031: 5006: 4990:"Fort Detroit" 4981: 4976:Three Villages 4954: 4945: 4933: 4916: 4903: 4890: 4873: 4839: 4811: 4786: 4768: 4755: 4744:(2): 160–182. 4728: 4721: 4701: 4692: 4683: 4667: 4654: 4637: 4615: 4564: 4552: 4536: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4476: 4467: 4446: 4433: 4420: 4404: 4381: 4372: 4369:. p. 103. 4357: 4348: 4339: 4334:Comanche Lodge 4321: 4302: 4284: 4270: 4258: 4245: 4230: 4213: 4200: 4156: 4142: 4128: 4114: 4100: 4093: 4075: 4051: 4033: 4015: 3989: 3976: 3963:CBC Indigenous 3950: 3937: 3911: 3885: 3876: 3851: 3839: 3825: 3763: 3756: 3736: 3710: 3697: 3667: 3651: 3629: 3615: 3603: 3579: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3523: 3522: 3511:Delaware River 3487: 3472: 3461: 3442:Delaware River 3435:drainage basin 3431:Delaware River 3417: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3327: 3325: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3245: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3201: 3191: 3185: 3171: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3131: 3125: 3116: 3105:Chief Newcomer 3102: 3096: 3093:Captain Jacobs 3090: 3083: 3071:Kikthawenund ( 3069: 3063: 3060:Hannah Freeman 3057: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3022: 3017: 3014: 2966: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2914: 2905: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2856: 2847: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2805:nonjusticiable 2786:Forks Township 2746: 2743: 2733: 2730: 2689: 2686: 2630: 2627: 2592:John Meusebach 2579: 2578:State of Texas 2576: 2543: 2542:Texas Republic 2540: 2511:Main article: 2508: 2505: 2485:Main article: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2390: 2388: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2327: 2324: 2293: 2290: 2232:anthropologist 2227: 2224: 2159: 2114:that had been 2110:native to the 2099: 2096: 2078:also known as 2074:settlement of 1886: 1883: 1875:Wyoming Valley 1697: 1694: 1682:Delaware River 1629:Covenant Chain 1613:Susquehannocks 1566:New Netherland 1524: 1521: 1494: 1491: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1437: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1412: 1409: 1398: 1395: 1364:Susquehannocks 1352:New Netherland 1310:Achinigeu-hach 1306:David de Vries 1293:slash and burn 1276: 1273: 1264:mound builders 1251:Susquehannocks 1219: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1184:Tong-o-nä-o-to 1180: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1150: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1119: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1097:Green Leaves, 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1004: 998: 994:Care Enterer, 992: 988:Pulling Corn, 986: 980: 971: 970: 969: 902: 899: 891: 888: 875:mattá ne hattá 810: 807: 768:Glebe Farm 40B 760:Indian reserve 707:Delaware River 673:, and eastern 651:Main article: 648: 645: 615:Delaware River 598:, and eastern 551:The full name 548: 545: 493:Indian removal 470:New York state 444:, the eastern 293: 292: 275: 271: 270: 253: 249: 248: 231: 227: 226: 209: 201: 200: 193: 192: 188: 187: 174: 173: 169: 168: 153: 152: 148: 147: 144: 137: 136: 133: 126: 125: 122: 115: 114: 110: 109: 102: 101: 97: 96: 86:(center), and 73: 65: 64: 61: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8284: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7981:Seneca-Cayuga 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7798: 7789: 7784: 7782: 7777: 7775: 7770: 7769: 7766: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7653:Pontiac's War 7651: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7641:Nanfan Treaty 7639: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7626: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7589:Fort Recovery 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7528: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7385: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7370: 7367: 7366:Little Turtle 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7336:Buckongahelas 7334: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7103: 7096: 7087: 7082: 7080: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7067: 7064: 7056: 7055: 7049: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6995:Lenape Center 6993: 6990: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6965: 6961: 6958: 6957:1-57178-107-2 6954: 6950: 6946: 6944: 6943:1-57181-672-0 6940: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6925:0-8020-0670-1 6922: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6825: 6824:0-688-12900-5 6821: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6796: 6795:1-104-25351-8 6792: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6645:0-8135-0702-2 6642: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6616: 6615:0-912608-65-X 6612: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6465:0-85255-007-3 6462: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6181: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5901:0-19-514049-4 5898: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5842: 5841:91-27-01909-8 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5814: 5809: 5800: 5785: 5781: 5775: 5768: 5765: 5760: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5664: 5658: 5642: 5636: 5634: 5618: 5611: 5609: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5557: 5553: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5529: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5507: 5505: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5443: 5424: 5420: 5413: 5407: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5376: 5375: 5368: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5348:0-8061-3570-0 5345: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5304: 5298: 5291: 5286: 5279: 5278:"Removal Era" 5274: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5068:"Our History" 5063: 5048: 5044: 5043:"Our History" 5038: 5036: 5020: 5016: 5010: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4949: 4940: 4938: 4929: 4926: 4920: 4913: 4907: 4900: 4894: 4888:1900, p. 151. 4887: 4883: 4877: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4782: 4775: 4773: 4765: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4724: 4722:9780403098774 4718: 4714: 4713: 4705: 4696: 4687: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4664: 4658: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4511: 4502: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4471: 4456: 4450: 4443: 4437: 4430: 4424: 4417: 4411: 4409: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4376: 4368: 4361: 4352: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4280: 4274: 4267: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4210: 4204: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4152: 4146: 4138: 4132: 4124: 4118: 4110: 4104: 4096: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4064: 4061: 4055: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3986: 3980: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3880: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3753: 3749: 3748: 3740: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3707: 3701: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3638: 3633: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3613: 3607: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3583: 3574: 3572: 3567: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3526:Susquehannock 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3499:Lehigh Valley 3496: 3495:Susquehannock 3492: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3469:Massachusetts 3466: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3429:flanking the 3428: 3422: 3418: 3409: 3406: 3398: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3356: – 3355: 3351: 3350:Find sources: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3328:This section 3326: 3322: 3317: 3316: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3243:Esopus people 3241: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3219: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3178:Pontiac's War 3175: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3113:Newcomerstown 3110: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3038:Buckongahelas 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2884:First Nations 2881: 2877: 2876:United States 2864: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2764:In 2004, the 2762: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2742: 2739: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2666:U.S. Congress 2664:In 1854, the 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2635: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2619:Washita River 2616: 2615:Graham, Texas 2612: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2588:Indian Bureau 2585: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2514: 2513:Mexican Texas 2507:Mexican Texas 2504: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2487:Spanish Texas 2481:Spanish Texas 2472: 2469: 2461: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2419: – 2418: 2414: 2413:Find sources: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2391:This section 2389: 2385: 2380: 2379: 2371: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:Wilsons Creek 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2206:In 1796, the 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2158: 2156: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2090:now known as 2089: 2088:Goschachgunk, 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2062:, the Lenape 2061: 2057: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1880: 1879:Pontiac's War 1876: 1871: 1870:Juniata River 1867: 1866:Fort Sandusky 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793:In 1758, the 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1721: 1718:Lenape chief 1716: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1576:New York City 1573: 1572:New Amsterdam 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1543: 1542:Benjamin West 1539: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1433: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1408: 1405: 1394: 1391: 1390:Susquehannock 1387: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337:New York City 1334: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285:Three Sisters 1282: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1257:counting coup 1252: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1206:Pine Region, 1205: 1203: 1199: 1197: 1194:Root Digger, 1193: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1173: 1172:O-ping-ho'-ki 1169: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1154:Le-le-wa'-you 1151: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1124: 1120: 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