706:
capabilities and was able to reverse the result of the battle of 1981. This victory was due to the bravery of the inhabitants and 92 Lebanese Forces soldiers (L.F Special Forces: The
Maghaweer) sent from Beirut. The Syrian occupying forces used all kind of weapons (heavy artillery, tanks, war planes...) against the town, and they cut all kind of backup that may come from the Mountain. Regardless of the very bad weather and heavy bombing, convoys were sent in the snow to Zahle. Two Lebanese Forces soldiers died on a hill due to bad weather, they were found later holding each other till they died (Fouad Nammour and George Nakhle). The battle of Zahle gave the Lebanese Cause a new perspective in the International Communities, and the victory was both military and diplomatic. It made the Leadership of President
824:
335:
325:
1034:
to the West Beirut government. The territories in the
Christian North Governorate and East Beirut would still remain under complete LF control, in addition to the 30000 reservist 10000 active men strong militia remain intact for the moment. In response, Aoun announced that he would not accept any alliance between the two, and transferring the regions of the Metn was thus impossible due to the raging Elimination War. To further demonstrate his commitment to Taif and willingness to extend civilian administration in “Marounistan”, Geagea placed Hayek's bureau at the LF HQ in Jounieh.
266:
1979:
305:
915:
Commander in Chief at the time, Fouad Abou Nader, would agree to step down and give up his leadership to join the rebellion against
President Gemayel and avoid violence between Christians. This uprising would see the installment of a “group command” over a single commander in chief. Geagea’s forces would arrive from the North facing absolutely no resistance. The relationship between Geagea and Hobeika soon broke down, however, and Hobeika began secret negotiations with the Syrians.
53:
2834:
1915:
1197:
1153:
1090:
391:
315:
277:
375:
243:
231:
254:
618:
402:
1614:
364:
345:
754:
the
Israeli Foreign Ministry, a few days earlier, "Please tell your people to be patient. I am committed to make peace with Israel, and I shall do it. But I need time – nine months, maximum one year. I need to mend my fences with the Arab countries, especially with Saudi Arabia, so that Lebanon can once again play its central role in the economy of the Middle East."
750:
was furious with Begin and told him that the
Lebanese Forces did not fight for seven years and he also told Begin that they did not sacrifice thousands of soldiers to free Lebanon from the Syrian Army and the PLO so that Israel could take their place. The meeting ended in rage and both sides were not happy with each other.
1399:) – the LF regular provost corps, created in 1980 out of the earlier SKS security companies of the Kataeb Regulatory Forces. They wore a red left sleeve brassard with white MP letters and a red circumferential band around their helmets with white MP letters superimposed on the front. Military policemen also wore white
679:
snipers and heavy weapons against civilians. The soldiers stayed for 90 days. Another major clash took place near the Sodeco area in
Achrafieh where the Lebanese Forces fought ferociously and drove the Syrian army out of the Rizk Building. At this time, Israel was the primary backer of the Lebanese Front's militia.
861:
punishment for the
Christians' refusal to sign the May 17 peace agreement with Israel, and leaving the Christian forces to fight. At the same time, a small number of ill-equipped Lebanese Forces troops also fought battles against the Palestinian and Druze militias and the Syrian troop east of the southern city of
758:
IDF would peacefully leave
Lebanese territory. Concerning the Peace Negotiations, Sharon agreed to give Bachir time to resolve the internal conflicts before signing the negotiations. The next day, Begin's office issued a statement which said that the issues which Bachir and Sharon had agreed upon were accepted.
1457:
when they were isolated in the wild for 40 days without any provisions. They were trained by a US army green beret. And participated in training by the US, Britain, France, and Jordan. At the beginning in 1986 they consisted of 11 men, then they tried to expand the unit, thousands of men participated
1227:
LF ground forces' strength by the late 1980s peaked at 14,500 full-time regulars (although other sources list a slightly higher number, about 15,000) and 30,000 part-time reservists, totalling 44,500 men and women equipped with an impressive, disparate arsenal of 100 tanks, 200 APCs and 150 artillery
954:
This failed attempt by
Hobeika was the last episode of internal struggles in East Beirut during Amine Gemayel's mandate. As a result, the Lebanese Forces led by Geagea were the only major force on ground. During two years of frail peace, Geagea launched a drive to re-equip and reorganize the Lebanese
761:
On
September 13 1982, LF chief of staff Fadi Frem, who was married to one of Bachir’s nieces, would be elected commander in chief of the Lebanese Forces taking Bachir’s place as the latter was expected to assume his term as president. Fadi Frem was a known advocate of federalism and went as far as to
749:
On September 3, 1982, during the meeting, Begin demanded that Bachir sign a peace treaty with Israel as soon as he took office in return for Israel's earlier support of Lebanese Forces and he also told Bachir that the IDF would stay in South Lebanon if the Peace Treaty was not directly signed. Bachir
1046:
After Aoun surrendered on 13 October 1990 to the rival Syrian-backed President Hrawi, Geagea was offered ministerial posts in the new government. He refused several times, because he was opposed to Syrian interference in Lebanese affairs, and his relationship with the new government deteriorated. On
1037:
Following the defeat and surrender of Aoun at Baabda on the 13th October 1990, the LAF under Hayek's command began extending its influence South into the Metn and Baabda. On the 30 April 1991 – final date imposed by the government for the total surrender of weapons and heavy artillery – all LF areas
757:
In an attempt to fix the relationship between Bachir and Begin, Ariel Sharon held a secret meeting with Bachir in Bikfaya. In this meeting, they both agreed that, after 48 hours, the IDF would cooperate with the Lebanese Army in order to force the Syrian Army out of Lebanon. After that was done, the
753:
Begin was reportedly angry with Bachir for his public denial of Israel's support. Bachir refused to accept the offer of immediate peace by arguing that time was needed to reach a consensus with the Lebanese Muslims and the Arab nations. Bachir was quoted telling David Kimche, the director general of
670:
Christian East Beirut was ringed by heavily fortified Palestinian camps and as the war progressed a strong organized force was needed. The Lebanese Forces was soon after established on August 30 1976 with an agreement that the direct military commander would be a Kataeb member and the vice-commander
1033:
On 1 April 1990, following an agreement between Geagea and Hrawi, General Elie Hayek (who had been appointed commander of the Mount Lebanon governorate two weeks prior) was mandated by the executive to begin the transfer of military and political administrations in the Christian enclave from the LF
888:
On October 9 1984, Fadi Frem would be replaced as commander in chief by Bachir Gemayel’s nephew Fouad Abou Nader. His election was supported by Amin Gemayel, and the Kataeb, who sought to establish his influence over the Lebanese Forces. Fadi Frem and Amin Gemayel were in disagreement in regards to
884:
which had great interests in defending the town due to the strategic importance it holds for the army and the Lebanese government as the town lies on the flanks of the Ministry of Defense and the Presidential Palace. After the retreat, the Lebanese Forces freed up more than 2,500 fighters including
993:
Two rival governments contended for recognition following Amine Gemayel's departure from the Presidency in September 1988, one a mainly Christian government and the other a government of Muslims and Lebanese Leftists. The Lebanese Forces initially supported the military Christian government led by
738:
and laid siege to the city, aiming to reshape the Lebanese political landscape and force the PLO out of Lebanon. The Israeli forces had demanded that Bachir and the Lebanese Forces would play a larger role in Israel’s invasion of Beirut however, Bachir would refuse. In the end, the only action the
843:
from party militias, the Lebanese Forces returned to the Christian villages which had been occupied by the PSP for seven years, and many Christian civilians from the districts returned after having fled earlier in the war. However, soon after, clashes broke out between the Lebanese Forces and the
705:
In 1981 at Zahlé in the Beqaa, the largest Christian town in the East, confronted one of the biggest battles – both military and political – between the Lebanese Forces and the Syrian occupying forces. The Lebanese Forces was able to confront them even though there was a big mismatch in military
914:
north of Beirut which oversaw the passage between territory still under the control of the Lebanese government and territory occupied by the Syrian army. Geagea, who staunchly opposed Syria, would refuse leading to the Kataeb political burea’s decision to remove him from the party on March 11.
860:
and Palestinian militants who had not departed Lebanon in 1982. For months, the two fought what would later be known as the "Mountain War." At the peak of the battle, Israeli troops infamously abandoned the area, handing the best tactical positions over to the Druze militias and their allies as
678:
in Lebanon in 1978, in which the Lebanese Forces successfully resisted the Syrian shelling and attacking of Eastern Beirut for about three months before an Arab-brokered agreement forced the Syrians to end the siege. Syrians took high buildings such as Burj Rizk Achrafieh and Burj El Murr using
2176:
assault rifles were also acquired, being mostly employed by LF elite commando units on special operations. Inevitably, this variety of assault rifles and carbines of different calibres in service within LF combat units naturally caused logistic difficulties to the LF's supply corps, so the LF
1071:
criticized the conduct of the trials and demanded Geagea's release, and Geagea's supporters argued that the Syrian-controlled Lebanese government had used the alleged crimes as a pretext for jailing Geagea and banning an anti-Syrian party. Many members of the Lebanese Forces were arrested and
1516:) – regimental-sized mechanized infantry unit set up in 1990, which consisted of the 61st, 62nd and 63rd battalions. The brigade was never brought to strength, since only the former two battalions were constituted and the third one was not even raised prior to the unit's disbandement in 1991.
909:
rebelled against Abou Nader's command, ostensibly to take the Lebanese Forces back to its original path and away from Amin Gemayel’s control. Leading up to the rebellion, President Amin Gemayel’s rapprochement with Damascus, as well as his treatment of the Lebanese Forces, had caused major
739:
Lebanese Forces would take during the Israeli invasion of Beirut would be the battle against the Syrian forces occupying the Lebanese University - Faculty of Science in Hadath. The Lebanese Forces would come out victorious successfully expelling the Syrian forces from the university.
1025:. Aoun's main objection to the Taif Agreement was its vagueness as to Syrian withdrawal from the country. He rejected it vowing that he "would not sign over the country." Fierce fighting in East Beirut broke out between the two, called the "Elimination War" on January 31, 1990.
2928:
towed MBRLs captured from the PLO in 1982 (with some being re-installed on the rear tray of South Korean Keohwa M-5GA1 Jeeps, Israeli-made 'Nun-Nun' Command cars, and on turretless T-54 tanks) as well as Iraqi-supplied Romanian APR-40/Yugoslav RO-40 128mm systems mounted on
927:, against the wishes of Geagea and most of the other leading Christian figures. Claiming that the Tripartite Accord gave Syria unlimited power in Lebanon, Geagea mobilized factions inside the Lebanese Forces and on January 15, 1986, attacked Hobeika's headquarters in
598:
elected as its leader. This new Lebanese Forces militia was meant to centralize the right-wing Christian forces, improve organization, and would allow to later bring end to years of infighting that had been going between the different right-wing militias.
2651:
Besides tracked and wheeled AFVs, the LF also relied on a wide range of softskin, all-terrain military and 'militarized' civilian vehicles for both troop and supply transport. Like many other Lebanese militias, the LF continued to field a sizable force of
3050:
In the late 1980s, the LF Command made plans to raise an air wing equipped mainly with light attack helicopters. Several student pilots were sent to Iraq and other countries to attend helicopter pilot courses, and later on the LF received from Iraq three
2177:
Command decided after 1986 to simplify its small-arms inventory by standardizing on the FN FAL, M16A1, and AKM assault rifles for its infantry units, though this still posed problems in providing ammunition and replacement parts up to the end of the War.
710:
much stronger because of his leadership and important role in this battle. The battle started in April the 2nd 1981, and finished with a cease fire and Lebanese Police were sent to Zahle. The 92 Lebanese Forces heroes returned to Beirut on 1 July 1981.
1453:) – a hand-picked company-sized commando, one of the few units in the region capable of conducting sea air land operations. The unit was known to be the best trained and one of the most elite unit during the war. Known for their hard training, and the
3059:
broke out in January 1990. It is not clear if any of the Gazelles were actually delivered by the Iraqis prior to the end of the civil war in October 1990, although it has been reported that the LF illegally sold three helicopters of this same type to
3462:
719:
In 1982, Bachir met with Hani Al-Hassan (representative of the PLO) and told him that Israel will enter and wipe them out. Bachir told him to leave Lebanon peacefully before it was too late. Hani left and no reply was given to Bachir.
3136:
3147:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFSnider,_Lewis_W._“The_Lebanese_Forces:_Their_Origins_and_Role_in_Lebanon’s_Politics.”_Middle_East_Journal,_vol._38,_no._1,_1984,_pp._1–33._JSTOR,_http://www.jstor.org/stable/4326725.p._13
2525:
or handed over by the other, recently incorporated Christian factions. Thanks to the steady influx of Israeli aid, it grew from a small battalion to a powerful armoured corps by June 1982, capable of aligning some forty
1438:
unit specialized in seaborne infiltration, naval infantry and reconnaissance (Ranger) operations. The Marines also operated in conjunction with the LF Naval Service over a dozen small watercraft. They wore light blue
1183:
By the early 1980s, the LF command had built up a force of some 15,000 well-armed militiamen, and claimed that they could mobilize a total Christian army of 40,000, complete with Israeli-supplied tanks and artillery.
3142:
1059:
during the Lebanese Civil War. Although he was acquitted of the first charge, Geagea was subsequently arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment on several different counts, including the assassination of former
594:, that a unitary militia was needed to further face their enemies. Most importantly the militia leaders were wary of the increased Syrian presence. During this meeting, the Lebanese Forces would be founded with
3463:"Le procès dans l'affaire Murr prendra fin lundi avec les plaidoieries de Karam et du chef des FL Naïm qualifie d'illégale la procédure judiciaire et Rizk souligne le ralliement de Geagea à Taëf(photos)"
3143:
Snider, Lewis W. “The Lebanese Forces: Their Origins and Role in Lebanon’s Politics.” Middle East Journal, vol. 38, no. 1, 1984, pp. 1–33. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4326725. & p. 13
690:, the Phalangists launched an operation in an attempt to stop the clashes within the Christian areas, and to unite all the Christian militias under Gemayel's command. This operation resulted in
2825:
were employed by the LF in the snowy environment of Mount Lebanon mountains. The LF fielded three ex-US Army XM523E2 Heavy Equipment Transporters (HET) to transport its medium tanks and MBTs.
3316:
Special to the New York Times (1982-09-04). "Begin Said to Meet in Secret With Beirut's President-Elect". The New York Times. "Begin Said to Meet in Secret With Beirut's President-Elect"
742:
After the PLO had been expelled from the country and moved its headquarters to Tunisia, in a negotiated agreement, Bachir Gemayel became the youngest man to ever be elected
1986:
The Lebanese Forces were financed, trained and armed mainly by Israel, though they also received covert military support from France, the United States, United Kingdom,
3427:
2259:
3448:
1325:) – the LF naval service, established in 1978, being employed as a shock force for military operations and equipped with over a dozen sea crafts of various types.
702:. Camille Chamoun's silence was interpreted as acceptance of Gemayel's controls, because he felt that the Tigers led by his son were getting out of his control.
3010:
Apart from its ground forces, the LF maintained a naval branch equipped with over a dozen sea crafts of various types. The inventory comprized two British-made
765:
Nine days before he was to take office, on September 14, 1982, Bachir was assassinated along with 25 others when a bomb exploded in the Kataeb headquarters in
3156:
3475:
3402:
3167:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFSnider_LW._The_Lebanese_Forces:_Their_Origins_and_Role_in_Lebanon’s_Politics._Middle_East_Journal._1984;38(1):1-33.p.8 (
1852:
1804:
3900:
1880:
1875:
1779:
3162:
1896:
1863:
1755:
1671:
910:
dissatisfaction among the ranks of the Lebanese Forces which had been growing for years at that point. Amin Gemayel ordered Geagea to remove the
3449:"Both sides pounded the Christian enclave daily claiming the lives of 615 people died, and more than 2,000 were wounded, half of them civilians"
3378:
2554:, being repaired and subsequently taken into LF service. Following the PLO's withdrawal from west Beirut in October 1982, the LF salvaged seven
1891:
1869:
1837:
1816:
1810:
5349:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
1236:
The LF was structured along conventional lines, comprising several branches of service and support units, most of them inherited from the old
947:
with tens of his fighters where he prepared for an attack against East Beirut. On September 27, 1986, Hobeika's forces tried to take over the
5993:
1885:
1842:
1793:
1773:
1750:
1744:
1702:
1689:
1400:
848:
militias who had now taken over the districts and had earlier kicked out the Christian inhabitants. The main Druze militiamen came from the
2790:
2287:
1626:
17:
1546:– Combat Swimmer Unit and Maritime Special Operations Force attached to the LF marines, which consisted of 100 men and modelled after the
5988:
2251:
1767:
1476:) – a company-sized airborne-qualified Ranger unit formed in 1984, whose members underwent jump-training in Israel and the United States.
1010:, the Lebanese Forces handed the national ports which it controlled to Aoun's government under pressure from the Lebanese National Army.
2782:
2778:
2770:
959:
program in areas controlled by Geagea's party. The Lebanese Forces also cut its relations with Israel and emphasized relations with the
5205:
865:. The outcome was also a Progressive Socialist Party victory and a contiguous Druze Chouf district with access to Lebanese sea ports.
635:
339:
872:, a village also held by the Lebanese Forces. After fierce battles and severe casualties the attackers were pushed back. However, the
5787:
5773:
5675:
5647:
3093:
5963:
3233:
357:
2960:, to which were added one or two Chinese-manufactured 240mm mortars the LF had captured in 1982 following the Israeli invasion.
4136:
2898:
2786:
2639:
captured from the PLO in West Beirut early in 1982, which they employed in their battles for control of east Beirut during the
5866:
5848:
5819:
5741:
5727:
5713:
5512:
5456:
5413:
5391:
5266:
4071:
3187:
3168:
3163:
Snider LW. The Lebanese Forces: Their Origins and Role in Lebanon’s Politics. Middle East Journal. 1984;38(1):1-33. & p.8
3149:
3108:
299:
5537:
5516:
5442:
3369:
Zahar, Marie-Joëlle. Lebanese Forces and the Ta’if Accord: Militia Decision-Making in Theoretical Perspective. 1994. pp. 33
3123:
5401:
2531:
2133:
5179:
3279:
3201:
2886:
2882:
2518:
1072:
brutally tortured in the period of 1993–1994. At least one died in Syrian custody and many others were severely injured.
4193:
5759:
5623:
5576:
5525:, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical Memorandum 11–79, June 1979.
5484:
5470:
5370:
5323:
5298:
5232:
3056:
2862:
2640:
2472:
988:
468:
1998:. In addition to aid from the Israelis, the LF purchased a large part of their military supplies on the international
1051:
ordered the dissolution of the LF. On April 21, 1994, Geagea was arrested on charges of setting a bomb in a church at
5916:
5898:
5884:
5870:
5805:
5801:
5703:
5689:
5661:
5609:
5595:
5558:
5284:
3344:
3175:
3088:
2956:
heavy mortars mounted on ex-IDF half-tracks and modified M113 APCs, and even received from Iraq in 1988 three Soviet
2716:
2712:
2680:
2003:
1014:
657:
531:
463:
457:
395:
5270:
3941:
2925:
2818:
2758:
2636:
519:
2980:
774:
547:
518:
was a militia consisting of fighters originating from the different right-wing parties. It was mainly staffed by
1926:
1208:
1164:
1101:
1067:
in 1987. He was incarcerated in solitary confinement, with his access to the outside world severely restricted.
5498:
5251:
3118:
2577:
2562:
2543:
639:
328:
4066:
Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009).
2870:
5943:
3379:
https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1153378/january-15-1986-geagea-overthrows-hobeika-to-lead-the-lf.html
3186:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_Conscience_of_Lebanon_A_Political_Biography_of_Etienne_Sakr_(Abu_Arz)p._65 (
2890:
2605:
571:
308:
5640:
Images of War: T–54/55, The Soviet Army's Cold War main battle tank – rare photographs from wartime archives
4398:
Images of War: T–54/55, The Soviet Army’s Cold War main battle tank – rare photographs from wartime archives
3850:
5429:
Female Fighters and Militants During the Lebanese Civil War: Individual Profiles, Pathways, and Motivations
5425:
Female Fighters and Militants During the Lebanese Civil War: Individual Profiles, Pathways, and Motivations
3019:
2942:
2874:
161:
3389:
3181:
2720:
2894:
2814:
1021:, which was signed by the Lebanese deputies on 24 October 1989 in Saudi Arabia and demanded an immediate
924:
849:
5225:
Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban: Du coup d'état de Béchir Gémayel aux massacres des camps palestiniens
2742:
For logistical support, pickups and light, medium and heavy transportation trucks were employed, mostly
2169:
3098:
2930:
2838:
2398:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
793:
539:
527:
446:
295:
5953:
2550:
APCs. In addition, twenty T-54/55 tanks were later captured from the Syrian Army in the course of the
5428:
2878:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2708:
2617:
2299:
1128:, the LF Headquarters was relocated in August 1976 by Bashir Gemayel to an abandoned hospital at the
1061:
889:
Syria as Amin was more reconciliatory while Frem was strict in his refusal to deal with the Syrians.
823:
562:
on August 30 1976. The success of the Siege of Tal al-Zaatar being due to the combined forces of the
5828:, Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 50, July–August 2015, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 54–61.
2948:
These same countries also gave the LF limited quantities of heavy mortars, such as the Israeli-made
2920:(of which eighteen were delivered by Iraq); such MBRLs could also be found installed on the back of
1872:– Head of the LF Civil Police and Director of the LF military academy, the Bashir Gemayel Institute.
746:. He was elected by the parliament in August; most Muslim members of parliament boycotted the vote.
6003:
3267:
2909:
2522:
2204:
1237:
998:, the commander of the Lebanese Army. However, clashes erupted between the Lebanese Forces and the
796:
followed, in which Phalangists killed between 800 and 3,500 (number is disputed) civilians, mostly
567:
247:
2561:
left behind by the departing Palestinian forces, from which one vehicle was later captured by the
5998:
3103:
3023:
2555:
2464:
2054:
628:
579:
543:
353:
5833:
5337:
3052:
2322:
Semi-Automatic Pistols, Para-Ordnance P14-45 (Canadian-produced version of the M1911A1 pistol),
2999:
2850:
2581:
2558:
2370:
2220:
2161:
2078:
1564:) – battalion-sized infantry unit, created in October 1980 from former Tigers Militia fighters.
818:
492:
451:
5562:
5306:
2837:
An ex-Lebanese Forces militia APR-40/RO-40 128mm 6-tube multiple rocket launcher mounted on a
2538:) MBTs (other sources list a total of either thirty-six or forty Ti-67s on the LF inventory),
1136:, where it stayed until 1986, before being moved to its final location at the coastal town of
5696:
Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces
4717:
Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces
4229:
Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces
2992:
2629:
2573:
2484:
2480:
2417:
2165:
2129:
2074:
2011:
1068:
832:
801:
682:
In July 1980, following months of intra-Christian clashes between the Tigers, the militia of
511:
379:
324:
258:
235:
170:
34:
3617:
3491:
2506:
The Lebanese Forces' early armoured corps in 1977 inherited a motley collection of captured
918:
5400:, Workshop on the 'techniques of Violence in Civil War', PRIO, Oslo, August 20–21, 2004. –
2810:
2728:
2488:
2267:
2263:
2109:
2034:
789:
784:. The next day, Israel moved to occupy the city, allowing Phalangist members under a young
743:
727:
421:
281:
174:
5356:
2093:
in the early 1990s, though it remains unclear if they were ever used in action by the LF.
8:
5902:
5311:
2988:
2657:
2495:
2208:
2188:
535:
406:
198:
5398:
Massacre and Mutilation: Understanding the Lebanese Forces through their use of violence
3237:
2580:
in February 1984 allowed the LF to make up for their own losses incurred in the 1983-84
3078:
2957:
2842:
2200:
911:
797:
778:
503:
416:
390:
285:
202:
193:
5449:
The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers, and American Bunglers
3280:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=wJr7eI7_4JZLFx16&v=nn-pUeS-_JA&feature=youtu.be
2762:
2416:
Grenade launchers and portable anti-tank weapons were also widely employed, including
2042:
5912:
5894:
5880:
5862:
5829:
5815:
5797:
5783:
5769:
5755:
5699:
5685:
5671:
5657:
5643:
5619:
5605:
5591:
5572:
5554:
5541:
5533:
5508:
5494:
5480:
5466:
5452:
5438:
5409:
5366:
5333:
5319:
5294:
5280:
5262:
5247:
5228:
5199:
4067:
3182:
The Conscience of Lebanon A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr (Abu Arz) & p. 65
3035:
3011:
2802:
2774:
2724:
2696:
2511:
2374:
2323:
1982:
Maronite Christian militiaman with an M16A1 while wearing Frog Skin camouflage, 1980s
1967:
1821:
1599:) – the LF counter-espionnage and military intelligence service, established in 1978.
857:
731:
270:
265:
182:
131:
4140:
3757:
2027:
2022:
Lebanese Forces's militiamen were provided with a variety of small-arms, comprising
5958:
5926:
3073:
2938:
2809:
were used as military ambulances. The Israelis also provided to the LF a number of
2794:
2707:(Iranian-produced unlicensed version of the Land-Rover long wheelbase series III),
2661:
2551:
2491:
2436:
2366:
2315:
2046:
1728:
1683:
1646:
1425:
951:
neighborhood of Beirut but the Lebanese Forces of Geagea's command held them back.
906:
777:(SSNP), believed by many to have acted on instructions of the Syrian government of
723:
675:
436:
426:
86:
4629:(2018), Appendix eight: known customers and users of the T‑54 medium tank, p. 182.
1978:
5972:
5837:
5618:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
5580:
5417:
5352:
5341:
5302:
5236:
2604:
tanks, along with fifty M113 APCs modified as mortar carriers (captured from the
2390:
2382:
2331:
2195:
semi-automatic models. Sniper rifles were commonly used, and models included the
2192:
1963:
1846:
1785:
1761:
873:
770:
515:
483:
441:
5427:, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2018. –
3618:"'MERC Trains Phalange Strike Force', Soldier of Fortune magazine, October 1987"
3113:
3083:
2406:
2386:
2343:
2303:
2279:
2275:
2173:
2086:
2082:
1827:
1634:
1458:
in the training, they only managed to expand it to 30/40 men. Wore a red beret.
1435:
1133:
1018:
956:
853:
781:
734:
from the southern part of the country. Israeli forces eventually moved towards
707:
695:
691:
687:
595:
591:
583:
563:
559:
523:
507:
431:
348:
319:
178:
76:
66:
5183:
3211:
2849:
The LF also fielded an impressive artillery corps. Starting with some British
5982:
5517:
The Lebanese Forces: Emergence and Transformation of the Christian Resistance
5505:
The Lebanese Forces: Emergence and Transformation of the Christian Resistance
4197:
3901:"Military rifle cartridges of Lebanon Part 2: from independence to Hezbollah"
3304:
3034:, plus an unspecified number of converted civilian fishing crafts armed with
3031:
3015:
2996:
2858:
2854:
2806:
2798:
2700:
2665:
2609:
2539:
2527:
2452:
2311:
1547:
1385:) – the LF medical support and casualty evacuation unit, established in 1981.
1064:
1056:
999:
881:
877:
869:
154:
146:
5903:
Tank Battles of the Mid-East Wars : (2) The Wars of 1973 to the present
304:
5930:
5351:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in
3905:
2908:
The two latter Countries also provided to the LF substantial quantities of
2684:
2444:
2327:
2319:
2184:
1999:
1987:
1857:
1695:
1658:
1652:
1622:
1618:
1540:– Commando unit specialized in anti-tank warfare and anti-aircraft defense.
1121:
1048:
968:
902:
898:
785:
683:
587:
166:
150:
96:
91:
5332:, RAIDS Magazine No. 41, October 1989, Histoire & Collections, Paris.
2833:
5923:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
5546:
5465:, Alternative Histories, Edinburgh University Press, 2020 (1st edition).
5463:
Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
5130:(1979), pp. 16-21, 32-36, 52; Appendix A, A-10, Table 3; Appendix D, D-5.
5102:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
5089:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
5008:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4979:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4940:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4927:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4901:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4885:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4830:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4814:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4801:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4788:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4697:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4671:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4642:(2019), Appendix six: known client users of the T‑55 medium tank, p. 160.
4562:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4549:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4479:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4453:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4427:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4350:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
4247:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
3945:
3825:
Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
3812:
Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
3783:
Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
3732:
Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
3652:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2995:
and direct fire supporting roles. Man-portable, shoulder-launched Soviet
2953:
2949:
2934:
2593:
2468:
2456:
2402:
2307:
2291:
2212:
2196:
2125:
2007:
1052:
1006:
on February 14, 1989. These clashes were stopped, and after a meeting in
1003:
995:
919:
The Tripartite Agreement And The Second Internal Lebanese Forces Uprising
538:
among others. The group gained infamy for their perpetration of the 1982
383:
142:
52:
1914:
1196:
1152:
1089:
686:, and the Phalangists, who by now were under the complete leadership of
5852:
5745:
5731:
5717:
3390:
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP90-00965R000707090002-0.pdf
2976:
2913:
2822:
2736:
2732:
2668:
2625:
2585:
2515:
2507:
2460:
2448:
2433:
2283:
2255:
2153:
2149:
2137:
2058:
2050:
1798:
1530:) – several conventionally-structured special operations units existed.
642: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5891:
Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present
2105:
3492:
UN Commission on Human Rights – Torture – Special Rapporteur's Report
2991:, M113 and BTR-152 APCs and M3/M9 half-tracks) were employed in both
2653:
2597:
2535:
2339:
2295:
2217:
Enfield L42A1 (military version) and Enforcer (Police version) rifles
2097:
2023:
1962:), was set up in 1985 at a disused Maronite monastery in the town of
1831:
1677:
1640:
1187:
1129:
1125:
1022:
948:
928:
868:
Jumblatt's militia then overstepped itself by advancing further into
766:
575:
368:
118:
81:
5812:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981
5493:(World Leaders Past & Present), Chelsea House Publishers, 1988.
1007:
617:
5968:
4504:
4502:
4500:
3519:
3517:
2984:
2917:
2704:
2633:
2335:
2271:
936:
5925:, Modern Conflicts Profile Guide Volume II, AK Interactive, 2021.
5569:
La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
5523:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975-1978
2901:
of Soviet origin supplied by Israel, Jordan and Iraq. A number of
1950:
To train LF officer cadets, a Military Academy, later renamed the
944:
5392:
The Lebanese Forces: Their Origins and Role in Lebanon's Politics
5388:
The Lebanese Forces: their origins and role in Lebanon's politics
3206:
3055:. The program was eventually interrupted, then canceled when the
2972:
2746:
2676:
2621:
2547:
2425:
2180:
1613:
1137:
374:
242:
230:
127:
5277:
By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer
5154:
By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer
4497:
3514:
3268:
https://www.lebanese-forces.com/2014/11/20/pierre-jabbour-4/amp/
2616:(8x8) APCs were received from Iraq via Jordan in 1986–89; a few
2596:
armoured cars, and some M113 APCs. Later in the war, sixty-four
2521:, APCs, and some models of homebuilt armoured cars from the old
762:
travel to the US to advocate for its implementation in Lebanon.
5826:
Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes (1960-1990)
5782:, General Military series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019.
5768:, General Military series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018.
5698:, New Vanguard series 257, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018.
5380:
4194:"Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Infantry Rocket Launchers"
3061:
3027:
2921:
2866:
2766:
2692:
2613:
2589:
2394:
2157:
2145:
2141:
2113:
2101:
2090:
2070:
2066:
2038:
1991:
1955:
1592:
1578:
1557:
1523:
1509:
1495:
1483:
1469:
1446:
1417:
1392:
1378:
1364:
1346:
1332:
1318:
1304:
1290:
1276:
1262:
1248:
972:
735:
699:
253:
122:
5948:
5604:, Men-at-arms series 194, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1988.
5590:, Men-at-arms series 165, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985.
2889:(a Chinese-made gun derivered from the Soviet M-46), eighteen
1502:) – a battalion-sized light infantry unit formed in 1982–1984.
1038:
were ceded to the army command for the first time since 1975.
3334:الزعامة المارونية من حبيب السعد إلى سمير جعجع |1985 pp. 93-94
3039:
3002:(SAM) were also used by the LF, possibly obtained from Iraq.
2902:
2853:
seized from the Government Forces, they received four French
2566:
2476:
2440:
2429:
2421:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2216:
2117:
976:
940:
932:
862:
845:
836:
401:
344:
5377:
Ta'rib al-Kata'eb al-Lubnaniyya: al-Hizb, al-sulta, al-khawf
4137:"Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Standard Sniper Rifles"
3942:"Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Sub Machine Guns (SMG)"
3345:"Phalangists Identify Bomber Of Gemayel As Lebanese Leftist"
3291:تاريخ في رجل ← من قتل بشير - إنقلاب بشيري أم إنقلاب إسرائيلي
2646:
2443:(75 missiles and nine launchers were allegedly obtained via
2413:
machine guns being employed as platoon and company weapons.
2049:(or its Egyptian-produced version, dubbed the "Port Said"),
5738:
Blue Steel IV: M-50 Shermans and M-50 APCs in South Lebanon
2807:
Nissan Patrol 160-Series (3rd generation) 5-door wagon/vans
2675:. The light vehicles employed in this role included Soviet
2672:
2601:
2410:
1995:
964:
960:
840:
4440:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4334:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2905:
were also seized from the Lebanese Army in February 1984.
892:
607:
57:
Cross of Resistance adopted by the Lebanese Forces in 1984
5261:, Middle East in Focus, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2009.
2968:
2964:
2841:
chassis on static display at the Beyt ha-Totchan Museum,
2703:(Spanish-produced version of the Land-Rover series III),
2688:
2378:
2121:
2062:
2031:
827:
Militiamen of the Lebanese Forces during the Mountain War
694:
of tens of Tigers' members at the Marine beach resort in
5684:, Weapon series 68, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019.
5670:, Weapon series 57, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2017.
5656:, Weapon series 87, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2023.
2226:
A wide variety of handguns' models were used, including
2096:
Several models of assault rifles were employed, such as
1830:(a.k.a. 'Poussy' Achkar) – Field Commander of the LF in
5390:, Middle East Journal, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Winter 1984). –
5128:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
5969:
Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990
5408:, Presses Universitaires de France – PUF, Paris 1993.
5018:
5016:
4756:
4754:
4740:
4738:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
3599:
3597:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
5909:
ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Gun Vehicles
4289:
4287:
4273:
4271:
4257:
4255:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
3806:
3804:
3726:
3724:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3307:, Natalie Datlof, Alexej Ugrinsky, Hofstra University
1888:– LF Deputy Field Commander of the Mountain District.
1143:
1055:, of instigating acts of violence, and of committing
502:) was the main Lebanese Christian faction during the
5778:
James Kinnear, Stephen Sewell & Andrey Aksenov,
5764:
James Kinnear, Stephen Sewell & Andrey Aksenov,
5616:
Faces of Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
5451:, Just World Books, Charlottesville, Virginia 2012.
4094:
4092:
2104:(variants included the Israeli-produced 'lightened'
497:
27:
Lebanese Christian faction in the Lebanese Civil War
5847:(Ammo_A.MIG-6000), AMMO of Mig Jimenez S.L., 2018.
5553:, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).
5013:
4751:
4735:
4702:
4372:
Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes
4212:
3594:
3574:
3526:
3428:"Full text of "Arab Times , 1990, Kuwait, English""
5964:Lebanese Forces vehicles in the Lebanese civil war
5002:
5000:
4895:
4893:
4879:
4877:
4824:
4822:
4284:
4268:
4252:
4234:
4118:
3801:
3721:
3546:
1424:) – the LF Mountain troops' corps, specialized in
1188:Late war and post-war field organization 1986-1994
1047:March 23, 1994, the Lebanese government headed by
1041:
1017:" against the Syrian army, but then agreed to the
982:
5521:Paul Jureidini, R. D. McLaurin, and James Price,
5307:Histoire du Liban contemporain, tome 2: 1943-1990
4665:
4663:
4661:
4421:
4419:
4344:
4342:
4089:
4007:
4005:
3664:
3662:
3660:
2924:(4x4) light trucks. The LF also employed Chinese
2455:. Crew-served and indirect fire weapons included
2439:. Anti-tank guided missile systems comprised the
5980:
5586:Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, and Ron Volstad,
5291:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
3053:Aérospatiale SA 342L Gazelle helicopter gunships
2797:. In addition, AIL M325 ambulance version cars,
2632:in 1990. The LF also fielded three Soviet-built
2002:, and also made use of captured stocks from the
1028:
5724:Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon
4997:
4890:
4874:
4819:
3758:"Dossier: Fouad Malek (November-December 2002)"
2897:(some re-mounted on turretless T-54 tanks) and
1240:. Specialized technical services consisted of:
5879:(1003), Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1990.
4658:
4416:
4339:
4002:
3657:
2300:Star 30M, and Star A, B, B Super and P pistols
1357:) – the LF engineering branch, formed in 1981.
807:
5710:Blue Steel 2: M-3 Halftracks in South Lebanon
4188:
4186:
4184:
4023:
4021:
3965:
3963:
3680:
3678:
3234:"Historical Fact: The Battle of Zahle – 1981"
3012:Fairey Marine Tracker MkII Class patrol boats
2717:Chevrolet C-20 Scottsdale light pickup trucks
4374:, Trucks & Tanks Magazine (2015), p. 59.
3498:, January 12, 1995. Retrieved on 2008-03-06.
2958:2S4 240mm towed breech-loading heavy mortars
2877:from the Israelis, followed in the 1980s by
2799:Chevrolet/GMC G-Series third generation vans
2136:, Bulgarian AKK/AKKS and former East German
1801:(a.k.a. 'Hanoun') - Founder of the SADM unit
1722:
1568:
1297:) – the LF artillery branch, formed in 1977.
5642:, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2017.
5363:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
2817:seized from the Lebanese Army and captured
2451:(seized from Lebanese Army stocks) and the
2306:, Star Firestar and Star Megastar pistols,
2140:assault rifles). Limited quantities of the
1966:, located 20 km east of Beirut in the
1488:Wahdat al-Quwwat al-Khasat Sabeat wa Sabeun
5668:US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320
5542:Sanctuary and Survival: The PLO in Lebanon
5530:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
5479:, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980.
4181:
4176:US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320
4018:
3960:
3675:
3496:United Nations Economic and Social Council
3482:, March 24, 1994. Retrieved on 2008-02-13.
2626:Panhard M3 VTT armoured personnel carriers
1709:
876:eventually handed over their positions in
5271:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
5259:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
3716:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
3569:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
3476:Lebanon Detains Christian in Church Blast
3094:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
2647:Transport, liaison, and recovery vehicles
2065:(MP-2, Mini Uzi and Micro Uzi variants),
931:. Hobeika surrendered and fled, first to
658:Learn how and when to remove this message
558:A meeting was convened by members of the
5911:, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1993.
5893:, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 2003.
5794:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
5571:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
5532:, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.
5115:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
5076:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
5063:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
5024:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4992:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4966:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4953:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4914:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4856:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4843:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4775:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4746:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4730:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4684:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4653:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4536:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4466:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4411:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4321:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4295:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4279:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4263:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4163:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3898:
3881:
2832:
2565:(PNO) militia during the battle for the
1977:
1973:
1612:
1608:
1603:
822:
5435:The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85
4308:The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85
2933:. Iraq also provided a small number of
2803:Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter minibuses
2641:Elimination War in January–October 1990
1764:(a.k.a 'Asso') – LF intelligence chief.
1738:
893:First Internal Lebanese Forces Uprising
788:command to enter the centrally located
730:was necessary in order to root out PLO
608:The LF Under Bachir Gemayel (1976–1982)
14:
5981:
5921:Zachary Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine,
5437:, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985.
5330:Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats
5204:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5141:Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats
5037:Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats
4590:, RAIDS Magazine (1989), pp. 8; 32-36.
3936:
3258:قصة الموارنة في الحرب - جوزيف أبو خليل
2985:AZP S-60 57 mm anti-aircraft guns
1905:
1231:
885:elite units to fight on other fronts.
804:, causing great international uproar.
674:Bachir led his troops in the infamous
5602:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2
5357:111101 - Writings by Fawwaz Traboulsi
5279:, St. Martin's Press, New York 1990.
5050:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
4869:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
4762:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
4601:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
4575:Arab Armies of the Middle East wars 2
4523:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
4492:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
4086:, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 36 (box).
4013:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3851:"Martyr Salim Sayed Miayki - Kobayat"
3747:, RAIDS Magazine (1989), p. 34 (box).
3670:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2
3639:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2
3605:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2
3589:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2
3541:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2
3030:that same year and eight French-made
2787:M35A1/A2 2½-ton (6x6) military trucks
2073:(sub-compact version of the MAC-10),
1807:– Commander of the LF Special Forces.
1665:
1075:
5994:Lebanese factions allied with Israel
5631:
3124:1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
2763:Datsun 620 Custom 1976 pickup trucks
2501:
1909:
1191:
1147:
1084:
923:On December 28, 1985, he signed the
640:adding citations to reliable sources
611:
5959:Lebanese Forces camouflage patterns
5752:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
5318:, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
5246:, Greenwood Publishing Group 1996.
2981:Bofors 40mm L/60 anti-aircraft guns
2795:Faun L912/21-MUN heavy cargo trucks
2308:Taurus PT92, PT99 and PT100 pistols
2089:SMGs were reportedly obtained from
2026:(or its Italian-produced copy, the
2017:
1945:
1674:– Chief-of-Staff to Bashir Gemayel.
1013:Geagea initially supported Aoun's "
714:
487:
24:
5989:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
5379:, Beirut: Dar al-Jadid, 1991. (in
4361:TIME Magazine, September 13, 1976.
3913:
3109:People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
3018:in January 1980, two Israeli-made
2855:DEFA D921/GT-2 90mm anti-tank guns
2819:VT-55KS Armoured Recovery Vehicles
2172:(Compact version of the HK33) and
1824:– Commander of the LF Women Corps.
1144:Early field organization 1977-1985
989:War of Elimination (1990, Lebanon)
790:Sabra and the Shatila refugee camp
25:
6015:
5937:
5814:, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012.
5275:Claire Hoy and Victor Ostrovsky,
5167:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
4385:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3838:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3796:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3699:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3523:TIME Magazine, September 1, 1980.
3509:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3236:. Lebanese Forces. Archived from
3089:January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup
2783:GMC C7500 heavy-duty cargo trucks
2755:Toyota Land Cruiser (J70) hardtop
2739:(captured from the PLO in 1982).
2397:light machine guns, with heavier
2189:Remington Model 870 Police Magnum
2134:Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965
2004:Palestine Liberation Organization
1629:(right), east Beirut, late 1980s.
1132:neighborhood located east of the
532:Palestine Liberation Organization
33:For Lebanon's national army, see
5875:Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad,
5754:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
5740:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007.
5726:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007.
5712:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006.
5600:Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad,
5328:Éric Micheletti and Yves Debay,
5172:
5159:
5146:
5133:
5126:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
5120:
5107:
5094:
5081:
5068:
5055:
5042:
5029:
4984:
4971:
4958:
4945:
4932:
4919:
4906:
4861:
4848:
4835:
4806:
4793:
4780:
4767:
4722:
2727:pickup trucks, Israeli-produced
1913:
1195:
1151:
1088:
831:After the Israeli invasion, the
769:. The attack was carried out by
616:
400:
389:
373:
362:
343:
333:
323:
313:
303:
275:
264:
252:
241:
229:
51:
5949:The Lebanese Phalanges – Kataeb
5563:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
5551:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
5507:, Hamilton Books, London 2019.
5293:, Éditions Fayard, Paris 2005.
5143:, RAIDS Magazine (1989), p. 37.
4689:
4676:
4645:
4638:Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov,
4632:
4625:Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov,
4619:
4606:
4593:
4580:
4567:
4554:
4541:
4528:
4515:
4512:, RAIDS Magazine (1989), p. 36.
4484:
4471:
4458:
4445:
4432:
4403:
4390:
4377:
4364:
4355:
4326:
4313:
4300:
4168:
4155:
4105:
4102:, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 35.
4076:
4060:
4047:
4034:
3989:
3976:
3878:, RAIDS Magazine (1989), p. 31.
3868:
3843:
3830:
3817:
3788:
3775:
3750:
3737:
3704:
3691:
3644:
3631:
3610:
3501:
3485:
3469:
3455:
3441:
3420:
3395:
3383:
3372:
3363:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3294:
2918:Ural-375D (6x6) military trucks
2851:QF Mk III 25-Pounder field guns
2823:Ratrack dual track snow coaches
2721:Dodge D series (3rd generation)
2660:armed with Heavy Machine-guns,
2081:(shortened version of the MP5)
1845:– Field Commander of the LF in
1042:The Second Republic (1990–2005)
983:The Elimination War (1988–1990)
812:
775:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
627:needs additional citations for
5406:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
5039:, RAIDS Magazine (1989), p. 9.
4196:. 3 March 2016. Archived from
4139:. 3 March 2016. Archived from
3944:. 3 March 2016. Archived from
3650:Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine,
3301:President Reagan and the World
3285:
3272:
3261:
3252:
3226:
3194:
3119:9th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
3032:Zodiac rubber inflatable boats
2879:D-44 85 mm anti-tank guns
2813:, which served alongside some
2811:M88A1 medium recovery vehicles
2671:, anti-tank rockets and light
2563:Popular Nasserist Organization
2336:FN Browning HP-DA/BDA9 pistols
1407:
13:
1:
5944:Lebanese Forces official site
5796:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
5316:Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92
5216:
4790:(2021), pp. 68-69; 78; 84-86.
3641:(1988), pp. 36; 47, Plate H3.
3020:Dvora-class fast patrol boats
2943:transporter erector launchers
2910:Multi-Barrel Rocket Launchers
2875:M-30 122mm (M-1938) Howitzers
2791:M813 5-ton (6x6) cargo trucks
2709:Toyota Land Cruiser (J40/J42)
2606:Islamic Republic of Iran Army
2124:(other variants included the
1782:- 3rd leader of the SADM unit
1747:- 2nd leader of the SADM unit
1029:Territory Handover to the LAF
955:Forces. He also instituted a
572:Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)
553:
5954:Bachir Gemayel Squad Website
5780:Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank
5766:Soviet T-54 Main Battle Tank
5365:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
5227:, Albin Michel, Paris 2004.
4640:Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank
4627:Soviet T-54 Main Battle Tank
3986:(1985), pp. 40-41, Plate D2.
3899:Scarlata, Paul (July 2009).
3005:
2871:BF-50 (M-50) 155mm Howitzers
2828:
2815:M578 light recovery vehicles
2779:GMC C4500 medium-duty trucks
2713:Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne
2324:FN Browning Hi-Power pistols
2191:12-gauge (20.2 mm) and
18:Lebanese Forces (Resistance)
7:
4040:Katz, Russel, and Volstad,
3982:Katz, Russel, and Volstad,
3067:
3045:
3014:previously seized from the
2903:FH-70 155 mm howitzers
2863:ZiS-3 76.2mm anti-tank guns
2365:Squad weapons consisted of
2248:Smith & Wesson Model 19
2244:Smith & Wesson Model 17
2240:Smith & Wesson Model 15
2236:Smith & Wesson Model 14
2232:Smith & Wesson Model 13
2228:Smith & Wesson Model 10
2085:. An undisclosed number of
1120:Initially allocated at the
850:Progressive Socialist Party
808:Post-Bachir Era (1982–1986)
542:, which primarily targeted
514:for different parties, the
498:
10:
6020:
5423:Jennifer Philippa Eggert,
3024:Dabur-1 class patrol boats
2916:system mounted on Russian
2899:D-20 152 mm Howitzers
2771:Chevrolet C-50 medium-duty
2628:were also seized from the
2437:anti-tank rocket launchers
2332:FN Browning BDA380 pistols
1343:Military Engineering Corps
1080:
986:
816:
726:, arguing that a military
602:
540:Sabra and Shatila massacre
528:Lebanese National Movement
296:Lebanese National Movement
31:
5588:Armies in Lebanon 1982-84
3278:Elie Hobeika interview |
2969:ZPU (ZPU-1, ZPU-2, ZPU-4)
2941:mounted on wheeled 9P113
2751:Toyota Land Cruiser (J45)
2744:Toyota Land Cruiser (J42)
2530:medium tanks, twenty-two
2473:M2 Carl Gustaf 84 mm
2254:semi-automatic handguns,
2187:12-gauge (20.2 mm),
1723:Advisers to LF commanders
1569:Intelligence and security
1228:pieces of various types.
526:, and fought against the
458:1986 Lebanese Forces coup
412:
291:
224:
216:
208:
192:
160:
138:
113:
103:
72:
62:
50:
43:
5859:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
4614:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
4577:(1988), p. 47, Plate H4.
4057:(1990), p. 48; Plate B3.
4015:(1988), p. 47, Plate H3.
3672:(1988), p. 46, Plate H1.
3607:(1988), p. 46, Plate H2.
3591:(1988), p. 47, Plate H4.
3392:| Los Angeles Times 1985
3129:
2922:Mercedes-Benz Unimog 406
2733:Mercedes-Benz Unimog 404
2697:Land Rover Series II-III
2540:M3/M9 Zahlam half-tracks
2523:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
2469:2B14-1 Podnos 82 mm
2399:Browning M1919A4 .30 Cal
2260:Heckler & Koch VP 70
1952:Bashir Gemayel Institute
1866:– Commander of Force 75.
1715:Raymond Arab (1978-1981)
1500:Katibat Sabeat wa Sabein
1238:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
568:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
300:People's Liberation Army
248:Internal Security Forces
238:(pro-government faction)
5861:, Abteilung 502, 2019.
5100:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
5087:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
5006:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4977:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4938:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4925:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4899:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4883:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4828:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4812:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4799:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4786:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4695:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4669:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4560:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4547:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4477:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4451:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4425:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4348:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
4245:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
3104:Tyous Team of Commandos
3000:surface-to-air missiles
2950:Soltam M-65 120 mm
2765:, Unimog light trucks,
2371:Heckler & Koch HK21
2328:FN Browning BDM pistols
2221:Heckler & Koch PSG1
2170:Heckler & Koch HK53
2162:Heckler & Koch HK33
2079:Heckler & Koch MP5K
1734:Najib Fayad (1984-1985)
1718:Najib Fayad (1981-1984)
1710:Head of the Gamma Group
1466:101st Parachute Company
856:, in alliance with the
580:Guardians of the Cedars
548:Gemayel's assassination
499:al-Quwwāt al-Lubnāniyya
194:Political position
5845:Tiran in Lebanese Wars
5654:The SVD Dragunov Rifle
5638:Anthony Tucker-Jones,
5477:The Lebanese Civil War
5257:Barry Rubin (editor),
5139:Micheletti and Debay,
5035:Micheletti and Debay,
4586:Micheletti and Debay,
4551:(2021), pp. 72; 78-79.
4508:Micheletti and Debay,
4113:The SVD Dragunov Rifle
4098:Micheletti and Debay,
4082:Micheletti and Debay,
3874:Micheletti and Debay,
3743:Micheletti and Debay,
3712:Lebanon's Militia Wars
3565:Lebanon's Militia Wars
2914:BM-21 Grad 122 mm
2846:
2821:from the Syrian Army.
2775:Dodge F600 medium-duty
2761:, Chevrolet C-20, and
2725:Dodge Power Wagon W200
2418:M203 grenade launchers
2344:Makarov PM/PMM pistols
2280:SIG-Sauer P225 pistols
2166:Heckler & Koch G41
2075:Heckler & Koch MP5
1983:
1630:
1625:of the NLP (left) and
835:troops settled in the
828:
819:Mountain War (Lebanon)
724:Israel invaded Lebanon
698:, 25 km north of
447:Sabra-Shatila massacre
4588:Les Forces Libanaises
4510:Les Forces Libanaises
4100:Les Forces Libanaises
4084:Les Forces Libanaises
3876:Les Forces Libanaises
3827:(2020), pp. 140; 302.
3745:Les Forces Libanaises
2931:DAC-665T (6x6) trucks
2912:(MBRLs), notably the
2887:Type 59-1 130 mm
2836:
2759:M880/M890 Series CUCV
2729:AIL M325 Command Cars
2618:M577 command vehicles
2403:Browning M2HB .50 Cal
2340:Tokarev TT-33 pistols
2268:Heckler & Koch P9
2264:Heckler & Koch P7
2110:Heckler & Koch G3
2035:semi-automatic rifles
1981:
1974:Weapons and equipment
1960:Maehad Bashir Gemayel
1617:LF Supreme Commander
1616:
1609:LF supreme commanders
1604:Notable personalities
1480:Special Force Unit 77
1434:– an Israeli-trained
1069:Amnesty International
1002:under the control of
826:
512:umbrella organization
380:Lebanese Armed Forces
259:Israel Defense Forces
236:Lebanese Armed Forces
186:Federalism in Lebanon
171:Christian nationalism
35:Lebanese Armed Forces
5877:Battleground Lebanon
5242:Antoine J. Abraham,
5186:on 18 September 2008
4055:Battleground Lebanon
4029:Battleground Lebanon
3971:Battleground Lebanon
3686:Battleground Lebanon
3325:أسرار الحرب في لبنان
2592:light tanks, twelve
2578:4th Infantry Brigade
2572:The collapse of the
2569:bridgehead in 1985.
2471:light mortars, plus
2422:CMS B-300 83 mm
2055:Sterling L2A3/Mark 4
1813:(a.k.a. 'Joe' Eddeh)
1739:LF junior commanders
1474:Wahadat al-Mazaliyin
1462:101st Parachute Unit
1397:Shorta al-A'askariya
935:and subsequently to
744:president of Lebanon
636:improve this article
586:leaders, especially
282:Army of Free Lebanon
175:Lebanese nationalism
117:Military Council in
5871:Invasion of Lebanon
5806:Invasion of Lebanon
5750:Moustafa El-Assad,
5736:Moustafa El-Assad,
5722:Moustafa El-Assad,
5708:Moustafa El-Assad,
5682:The G3 Battle Rifle
5666:Gordon L. Rottman,
5614:William W. Harris,
5489:Matthew S. Gordon,
5152:Hoy and Ostrovsky,
4994:(2003), pp. 33; 55.
4942:(2021), pp. 25; 76.
4686:(2003), pp. 39; 47.
3997:The G3 Battle Rifle
2987:(mostly mounted on
2926:Type 63 107 mm
2891:BS-3 100mm (M-1944)
2883:M-46 130mm (M-1954)
2209:Remington Model 700
2150:SIG SG 543 carbines
1906:Training facilities
1583:Shorta al-Madaniyya
1295:Silah al-Madfa'aiya
1232:Branches of Service
943:. He then moved to
897:On March 12, 1985,
546:refugees following
536:Syrian Armed Forces
520:Maronite Christians
407:Syrian Armed Forces
139:Active regions
5907:Steven J. Zaloga,
5889:Steven J. Zaloga,
5447:Jonathan Randall,
5361:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
5347:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
5078:(2003), pp. 40-43.
5065:(2003), pp. 41-43.
4929:(2021), pp. 78-79.
4777:(2003), pp. 32-33.
4603:(2003), pp. 64-65.
4573:Katz and Volstad,
4525:(2003), pp. 63-64.
4455:(2021), pp. 74-75.
4442:(2012), pp. 62-63.
4249:(2021), pp. 66-67.
4011:Katz and Volstad,
3668:Katz and Volstad,
3637:Katz and Volstad,
3603:Katz and Volstad,
3587:Katz and Volstad,
3539:Katz and Volstad,
3451:. 21 October 2014.
3349:The New York Times
3079:East Beirut canton
3036:Heavy machine-guns
2847:
2705:Morattab Series IV
2701:Santana Series III
2534:(Israeli-modified
2494:(often mounted on
2465:Type E1 51 mm
2407:SG-43/SGM Goryunov
2028:Beretta Model 1952
1984:
1925:. You can help by
1770:(a.k.a. 'Captain')
1666:LF chiefs-of-staff
1631:
1267:Silah al-Moudara'a
1207:. You can help by
1163:. You can help by
1100:. You can help by
1076:Military structure
912:Barbara checkpoint
829:
773:, a member of the
504:Lebanese Civil War
469:War of Elimination
417:Lebanese Civil War
286:South Lebanon Army
105:Dates of operation
5867:978-84-120935-1-3
5820:978-9953-0-2372-4
5788:978 1 4728 3855 1
5774:978 1 4728 3330 3
5676:978 1 4728 1952 9
5648:978 1 47389 109 8
5632:Secondary sources
5513:978-0-7618-7088-3
5457:978-1-935982-16-6
5414:978-2-13-045801-2
5386:Lewis W. Snider,
5267:978-1-349-37326-0
5223:Alain Menargues,
4072:978-0-7106-2869-5
4042:Armies in Lebanon
4031:(1990), Plate B2.
3984:Armies in Lebanon
3973:(1990), Plate B1.
3688:(1990), Plate B3.
3026:acquired via the
2939:artillery rockets
2859:M3/M9 half tracks
2731:('Nun-Nun'), and
2695:M-5GA1 jeeps, to
2687:and South Korean
2662:recoilless rifles
2634:ZSU-23-4M1 Shilka
2584:by seizing seven
2528:M50 Super Sherman
2502:Armoured vehicles
2492:recoilless rifles
2489:M40A1 106 mm
2316:MAB PA-15 pistols
2213:Savage 10FP/110FP
1968:Keserwan District
1943:
1942:
1822:Jocelyne Khoueiry
1422:Silah al-Tazalouj
1383:Wahadat al-Isa'af
1355:Silah al-Handassa
1351:Handassa Askariya
1225:
1224:
1181:
1180:
1118:
1117:
925:Tripartite Accord
671:an Ahrar member.
668:
667:
660:
506:. Resembling the
496:
476:
475:
464:War of Liberation
422:Hundred Days' War
132:Keserwan District
16:(Redirected from
6011:
5680:Leroy Thompson,
5626:, 1-55876-115-2.
5312:Edgar O'Ballance
5254:, 9780275953898.
5210:
5209:
5203:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5182:. Archived from
5176:
5170:
5163:
5157:
5150:
5144:
5137:
5131:
5124:
5118:
5111:
5105:
5098:
5092:
5085:
5079:
5072:
5066:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5040:
5033:
5027:
5020:
5011:
5004:
4995:
4988:
4982:
4975:
4969:
4962:
4956:
4949:
4943:
4936:
4930:
4923:
4917:
4910:
4904:
4897:
4888:
4881:
4872:
4865:
4859:
4852:
4846:
4839:
4833:
4826:
4817:
4810:
4804:
4797:
4791:
4784:
4778:
4771:
4765:
4758:
4749:
4742:
4733:
4726:
4720:
4713:
4700:
4693:
4687:
4680:
4674:
4667:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4636:
4630:
4623:
4617:
4610:
4604:
4597:
4591:
4584:
4578:
4571:
4565:
4558:
4552:
4545:
4539:
4532:
4526:
4519:
4513:
4506:
4495:
4488:
4482:
4475:
4469:
4462:
4456:
4449:
4443:
4436:
4430:
4423:
4414:
4407:
4401:
4394:
4388:
4381:
4375:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4353:
4346:
4337:
4330:
4324:
4317:
4311:
4304:
4298:
4291:
4282:
4275:
4266:
4259:
4250:
4243:
4232:
4225:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4200:on 17 March 2016
4190:
4179:
4172:
4166:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4143:on 17 March 2016
4133:
4116:
4109:
4103:
4096:
4087:
4080:
4074:
4064:
4058:
4051:
4045:
4038:
4032:
4025:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3980:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3938:
3911:
3910:
3896:
3879:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3847:
3841:
3834:
3828:
3821:
3815:
3808:
3799:
3792:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3754:
3748:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3719:
3708:
3702:
3695:
3689:
3682:
3673:
3666:
3655:
3648:
3642:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3614:
3608:
3601:
3592:
3585:
3572:
3561:
3544:
3537:
3524:
3521:
3512:
3505:
3499:
3489:
3483:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3407:www.facebook.com
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3351:. 3 October 1982
3341:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3305:Eric J. Schmertz
3298:
3292:
3289:
3283:
3276:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3210:. Archived from
3198:
3192:
3191:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3140:
3099:Shatila massacre
3074:Battle of Zahleh
2954:M-66 160 mm
2895:D-30 122 mm
2737:416 light trucks
2552:1982 Lebanon War
2512:Charioteer tanks
2485:B-11 107 mm
2477:SPG-9 73 mm
2367:Rheinmetall MG 3
2047:Carl Gustaf m/45
2018:Infantry weapons
1946:Military Academy
1938:
1935:
1917:
1910:
1860:(a.k.a. 'Cobra')
1776:(a.k.a. 'Akram')
1729:Karim Pakradouni
1684:Fouad Abou Nader
1647:Fouad Abou Nader
1426:Mountain warfare
1323:Silah al-Bahriya
1253:Silah al-Moushat
1220:
1217:
1199:
1192:
1176:
1173:
1155:
1148:
1113:
1110:
1092:
1085:
907:Karim Pakradouni
802:Lebanese Shiites
715:Israeli invasion
676:Hundred Days War
663:
656:
652:
649:
643:
620:
612:
501:
491:
489:
488:القوات اللبنانية
460:
437:1982 Lebanon War
427:Battle of Zahleh
413:Battles and wars
405:
404:
394:
393:
378:
377:
367:
366:
365:
347:
338:
337:
336:
327:
318:
317:
316:
307:
280:
279:
278:
269:
268:
257:
256:
246:
245:
234:
233:
188:Anti Pan-Arabism
106:
87:Fouad Abou Nader
55:
46:القوات اللبنانية
41:
40:
38:
21:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6004:Lebanese Forces
5979:
5978:
5940:
5935:
5694:Leigh Neville,
5634:
5629:
5503:Nader Moumneh,
5375:Hazem Saghieh,
5289:Denise Ammoun,
5244:The Lebanon war
5219:
5214:
5213:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5187:
5180:"Archived copy"
5178:
5177:
5173:
5169:(2004), p. 110.
5164:
5160:
5156:(1990), p. 304.
5151:
5147:
5138:
5134:
5125:
5121:
5112:
5108:
5099:
5095:
5086:
5082:
5073:
5069:
5060:
5056:
5047:
5043:
5034:
5030:
5021:
5014:
5005:
4998:
4989:
4985:
4976:
4972:
4963:
4959:
4950:
4946:
4937:
4933:
4924:
4920:
4911:
4907:
4898:
4891:
4882:
4875:
4866:
4862:
4853:
4849:
4840:
4836:
4827:
4820:
4811:
4807:
4798:
4794:
4785:
4781:
4772:
4768:
4759:
4752:
4743:
4736:
4727:
4723:
4714:
4703:
4694:
4690:
4681:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4646:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4620:
4616:(2019), p. 269.
4611:
4607:
4598:
4594:
4585:
4581:
4572:
4568:
4559:
4555:
4546:
4542:
4533:
4529:
4520:
4516:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4485:
4476:
4472:
4463:
4459:
4450:
4446:
4437:
4433:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4404:
4400:(2017), p. 107.
4395:
4391:
4382:
4378:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4347:
4340:
4331:
4327:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4301:
4292:
4285:
4276:
4269:
4260:
4253:
4244:
4235:
4226:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4192:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4169:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4135:
4134:
4119:
4110:
4106:
4097:
4090:
4081:
4077:
4065:
4061:
4052:
4048:
4039:
4035:
4026:
4019:
4010:
4003:
3994:
3990:
3981:
3977:
3968:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3948:on 3 March 2016
3940:
3939:
3914:
3897:
3882:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3855:www.kobayat.org
3849:
3848:
3844:
3835:
3831:
3822:
3818:
3814:(2020), p. 302.
3809:
3802:
3798:(2004), p. 281.
3793:
3789:
3785:(2020), p. 266.
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3762:www.meforum.org
3756:
3755:
3751:
3742:
3738:
3734:(2020), p. 301.
3729:
3722:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3692:
3683:
3676:
3667:
3658:
3649:
3645:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3602:
3595:
3586:
3575:
3562:
3547:
3538:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3506:
3502:
3490:
3486:
3474:
3470:
3465:. 8 March 1997.
3461:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3240:on 26 June 2012
3232:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3214:on 27 June 2014
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3070:
3057:Elimination War
3048:
3008:
2843:Zikhron Ya'akov
2831:
2685:Willys M38A1 MD
2681:M151A1/A2 jeeps
2649:
2612:) and eighteen
2504:
2481:B-10 82 mm
2457:M224 60 mm
2197:Dragunov SVD-63
2193:Franchi SPAS-12
2083:submachine guns
2043:Škorpion vz. 61
2020:
1976:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1923:needs expansion
1908:
1853:Raymond Assayan
1847:Ain El Remmaneh
1805:Kayrouz Baraket
1786:Boutros Khawand
1762:Assaad Chaftari
1741:
1725:
1712:
1668:
1611:
1606:
1589:Security Agency
1571:
1562:Liwa' al-Dumuri
1554:Damouri Brigade
1506:Defense Brigade
1455:40 days of hell
1451:Wahadat al-Sadm
1410:
1389:Military Police
1361:Logistics Corps
1309:Silah al-Ichara
1287:Artillery Corps
1234:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1205:needs expansion
1190:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1161:needs expansion
1146:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1098:needs expansion
1083:
1078:
1044:
1031:
991:
985:
963:states, mainly
921:
895:
874:Lebanese Forces
821:
815:
810:
771:Habib Shartouni
717:
664:
653:
647:
644:
633:
621:
610:
605:
556:
516:Lebanese Forces
480:Lebanese Forces
456:
442:Siege of Beirut
399:
398:
388:
387:
372:
371:
363:
361:
360:
356:
352:
342:
334:
332:
331:
322:
314:
312:
311:
302:
298:
284:
276:
274:
273:
263:
262:
251:
250:
240:
239:
228:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
126:
104:
95:
90:
85:
80:
58:
45:
44:Lebanese Forces
39:
32:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6017:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5999:Lebanese Front
5996:
5991:
5977:
5976:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5939:
5938:External links
5936:
5934:
5933:
5919:
5905:
5887:
5873:
5857:Samer Kassis,
5855:
5843:Samer Kassis,
5841:
5824:Samer Kassis,
5822:
5810:Samer Kassis,
5808:
5792:Samer Kassis,
5790:
5776:
5762:
5760:978-9953012568
5748:
5734:
5720:
5706:
5692:
5678:
5664:
5650:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5624:978-1558761155
5612:
5598:
5584:
5577:978-2865374991
5567:Samir Kassir,
5565:
5544:
5526:
5519:
5501:
5487:
5485:978-0030397011
5473:
5471:978-1474474177
5461:Makram Rabah,
5459:
5445:
5431:
5421:
5402:
5394:
5384:
5373:
5371:978-0745332741
5359:
5345:
5326:
5324:978-0312215934
5309:
5299:978-2213615219
5287:
5273:
5255:
5240:
5233:978-2226121271
5220:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5171:
5158:
5145:
5132:
5119:
5117:(2003), p. 38.
5106:
5104:(2021), p. 69.
5093:
5091:(2021), p. 68.
5080:
5067:
5054:
5052:(2003), p. 64.
5041:
5028:
5026:(2003), p. 56.
5012:
5010:(2021), p. 71.
4996:
4983:
4981:(2021), p. 79.
4970:
4968:(2003), p. 54.
4957:
4955:(2003), p. 55.
4944:
4931:
4918:
4916:(2003), p. 34.
4905:
4903:(2021), p. 73.
4889:
4887:(2021), p. 77.
4873:
4871:(2003), p. 53.
4860:
4858:(2003), p. 27.
4847:
4845:(2003), p. 33.
4834:
4832:(2021), p. 92.
4818:
4816:(2021), p. 91.
4805:
4803:(2021), p. 88.
4792:
4779:
4766:
4764:(2003), p. 66.
4750:
4748:(2003), p. 32.
4734:
4732:(2003), p. 35.
4721:
4719:(2018), p. 14.
4701:
4699:(2021), p. 90.
4688:
4675:
4673:(2021), p. 75.
4657:
4655:(2003), p. 40.
4644:
4631:
4618:
4605:
4592:
4579:
4566:
4564:(2021), p. 74.
4553:
4540:
4538:(2003), p. 48.
4527:
4514:
4496:
4494:(2003), p. 56.
4483:
4481:(2021), p. 63.
4470:
4468:(2003), p. 37.
4457:
4444:
4431:
4429:(2021), p. 66.
4415:
4413:(2003), p. 41.
4402:
4396:Tucker-Jones,
4389:
4387:(2004), p. 85.
4376:
4363:
4354:
4352:(2021), p. 81.
4338:
4336:(2012), p. 62.
4325:
4323:(2003), p. 53.
4312:
4310:(1985), p. 40.
4299:
4297:(2003), p. 30.
4283:
4281:(2003), p. 31.
4267:
4265:(2003), p. 36.
4251:
4233:
4231:(2018), p. 15.
4211:
4180:
4178:(2017), p. 22.
4167:
4165:(2003), p. 43.
4154:
4117:
4115:(2023), p. 50.
4104:
4088:
4075:
4059:
4046:
4044:(1985), p. 16.
4033:
4017:
4001:
3999:(2019), p. 29.
3988:
3975:
3959:
3912:
3880:
3867:
3842:
3840:(2004), p. 51.
3829:
3816:
3800:
3787:
3774:
3749:
3736:
3720:
3718:(2009), p. 39.
3703:
3701:(2004), p. 55.
3690:
3674:
3656:
3654:(2021), p. 64.
3643:
3630:
3609:
3593:
3573:
3571:(2009), p. 41.
3545:
3543:(1988), p. 36.
3525:
3513:
3511:(2004), p. 46.
3500:
3484:
3480:New York Times
3468:
3454:
3440:
3419:
3394:
3382:
3371:
3362:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3293:
3284:
3271:
3260:
3251:
3225:
3193:
3174:
3155:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Zahliote Group
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:Ehden massacre
3081:
3076:
3069:
3066:
3047:
3044:
3007:
3004:
2830:
2827:
2648:
2645:
2594:Panhard AML-90
2503:
2500:
2461:M29 81 mm
2304:Star Ultrastar
2276:SIG-Sauer P220
2174:ArmaLite AR-18
2087:OTs-02 Kiparis
2019:
2016:
1975:
1972:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1920:
1918:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:Ibrahim Haddad
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:Suhail Menassa
1878:
1876:Sleiman Sawaya
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1835:
1828:Massoud Achkar
1825:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1780:Pierre Jabbour
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1758:(a.k.a 'Toto')
1753:
1748:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1635:Bachir Gemayel
1621:(center) with
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1586:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1517:
1514:Liwa al-Difa'a
1503:
1477:
1459:
1440:
1436:naval infantry
1429:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1386:
1375:Rescue Service
1372:
1358:
1340:
1326:
1312:
1298:
1284:
1270:
1259:Armoured Corps
1256:
1245:Infantry Corps
1233:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1202:
1200:
1189:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1158:
1156:
1145:
1142:
1134:Port of Beirut
1124:'s offices in
1116:
1115:
1095:
1093:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1062:Prime Minister
1057:assassinations
1043:
1040:
1030:
1027:
1019:Taif Agreement
1015:Liberation War
987:Main article:
984:
981:
957:social welfare
920:
917:
894:
891:
854:Walid Jumblatt
817:Main article:
814:
811:
809:
806:
786:Elie Hobeika's
782:Hafez al-Assad
716:
713:
708:Bashir Gemayel
688:Bachir Gemayel
666:
665:
624:
622:
615:
609:
606:
604:
601:
596:Bachir Gemayel
592:Bachir Gemayel
584:Lebanese Front
582:convinced the
564:Tigers Militia
560:Lebanese Front
555:
552:
524:Bachir Gemayel
508:Lebanese Front
474:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
432:Battle of Qnat
429:
424:
414:
410:
409:
354:Marada Brigade
349:Tigers Militia
320:Al-Mourabitoun
293:
289:
288:
226:
222:
221:
220:12,000 (1981)
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
196:
190:
189:
179:Anti-communism
164:
158:
157:
140:
136:
135:
115:
111:
110:
107:
101:
100:
77:Bachir Gemayel
74:
70:
69:
67:Bachir Gemayel
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6016:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5932:
5931:8435568306073
5928:
5924:
5920:
5918:
5917:962-361-039-4
5914:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5899:962-361-613-9
5896:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5885:962-361-003-3
5882:
5878:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5802:9953-0-0705-5
5799:
5795:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5705:
5704:9781472822512
5701:
5697:
5693:
5691:
5690:9781472828620
5687:
5683:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5662:9781472855961
5659:
5655:
5652:Chris McNab,
5651:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5611:
5610:0-85045-800-5
5607:
5603:
5599:
5597:
5596:0-85045-602-9
5593:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5559:0-19-280130-9
5556:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5538:0 86187 123 5
5535:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5475:Marius Deeb,
5474:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5444:
5443:0 85045 603 7
5440:
5436:
5433:John Laffin,
5432:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5404:Jean Sarkis,
5403:
5399:
5396:Jago Salmon,
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5285:0-9717595-0-2
5282:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5207:
5201:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5168:
5162:
5155:
5149:
5142:
5136:
5129:
5123:
5116:
5110:
5103:
5097:
5090:
5084:
5077:
5071:
5064:
5058:
5051:
5045:
5038:
5032:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4993:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4967:
4961:
4954:
4948:
4941:
4935:
4928:
4922:
4915:
4909:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4870:
4864:
4857:
4851:
4844:
4838:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4815:
4809:
4802:
4796:
4789:
4783:
4776:
4770:
4763:
4757:
4755:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4731:
4725:
4718:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4698:
4692:
4685:
4679:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4654:
4648:
4641:
4635:
4628:
4622:
4615:
4609:
4602:
4596:
4589:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4563:
4557:
4550:
4544:
4537:
4531:
4524:
4518:
4511:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4474:
4467:
4461:
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3710:Tony Badran,
3707:
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3563:Tony Badran,
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3021:
3017:
3016:Lebanese Navy
3013:
3003:
3001:
2998:
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2990:
2986:
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2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:Anti-Aircraft
2663:
2659:
2655:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2630:Lebanese Army
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2610:Iran-Iraq War
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:Lebanese Army
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2559:armoured cars
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
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2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
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2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:Beretta M1951
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
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2237:
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2229:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:consisted of
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
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2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2012:Lebanese Army
2010:and even the
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1921:This section
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1900:
1898:
1897:Ibrahim Daher
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:Sami Khoueiry
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
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1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:Antoine Bridi
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:George Freiha
1670:
1669:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1598:
1597:Jihaz al-Aman
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:US Navy SEALs
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1403:and holsters.
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
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1327:
1324:
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1313:
1310:
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1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1203:This section
1201:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1159:This section
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1096:This section
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:Rashid Karami
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:Lebanese Army
997:
990:
980:
978:
974:
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966:
962:
958:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
916:
913:
908:
904:
900:
890:
886:
883:
882:Lebanese army
879:
878:Souk El Gharb
875:
871:
870:Souk El Gharb
866:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
838:
834:
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803:
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747:
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733:
729:
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721:
712:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
677:
672:
662:
659:
651:
648:November 2011
641:
637:
631:
630:
625:This section
623:
619:
614:
613:
600:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
510:which was an
509:
505:
500:
494:
485:
481:
470:
467:
465:
462:
459:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
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438:
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428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
411:
408:
403:
397:
392:
385:
381:
376:
370:
359:
355:
351:(until 1980)
350:
346:
341:
330:
326:
321:
310:
309:Amal Movement
306:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
272:
267:
260:
255:
249:
244:
237:
232:
227:
223:
219:
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211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
195:
191:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
155:South Lebanon
152:
148:
147:Mount Lebanon
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
102:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
54:
49:
42:
36:
30:
19:
5922:
5908:
5890:
5876:
5858:
5844:
5825:
5811:
5793:
5779:
5765:
5751:
5737:
5723:
5709:
5695:
5681:
5667:
5653:
5639:
5615:
5601:
5587:
5568:
5550:
5529:
5528:Rex Brynen,
5522:
5504:
5491:The Gemayels
5490:
5476:
5462:
5448:
5434:
5424:
5405:
5397:
5387:
5376:
5362:
5348:
5329:
5315:
5290:
5276:
5258:
5243:
5224:
5188:. Retrieved
5184:the original
5174:
5166:
5161:
5153:
5148:
5140:
5135:
5127:
5122:
5114:
5109:
5101:
5096:
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5075:
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5057:
5049:
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5036:
5031:
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4986:
4978:
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4965:
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4952:
4947:
4939:
4934:
4926:
4921:
4913:
4908:
4900:
4884:
4868:
4863:
4855:
4850:
4842:
4837:
4829:
4813:
4808:
4800:
4795:
4787:
4782:
4774:
4769:
4761:
4745:
4729:
4724:
4716:
4696:
4691:
4683:
4678:
4670:
4652:
4647:
4639:
4634:
4626:
4621:
4613:
4608:
4600:
4595:
4587:
4582:
4574:
4569:
4561:
4556:
4548:
4543:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4517:
4509:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4473:
4465:
4460:
4452:
4447:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4410:
4405:
4397:
4392:
4384:
4379:
4371:
4366:
4357:
4349:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4315:
4307:
4302:
4294:
4278:
4262:
4246:
4228:
4202:. Retrieved
4198:the original
4175:
4170:
4162:
4157:
4145:. Retrieved
4141:the original
4112:
4107:
4099:
4083:
4078:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4036:
4028:
4012:
3996:
3991:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3950:. Retrieved
3946:the original
3906:Shotgun News
3904:
3875:
3870:
3858:. Retrieved
3854:
3845:
3837:
3832:
3824:
3819:
3811:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3761:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3685:
3669:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3612:
3604:
3588:
3568:
3564:
3540:
3508:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3457:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3406:
3397:
3385:
3374:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3274:
3263:
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3238:the original
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3212:the original
3205:
3196:
3177:
3158:
3138:
3049:
3009:
2962:
2947:
2937:short-range
2907:
2869:trucks) and
2865:(mounted on
2857:(mounted on
2848:
2757:, AIL M325,
2741:
2650:
2598:T-54A, T-55A
2582:Mountain War
2571:
2516:M42A1 Duster
2505:
2445:South Africa
2415:
2364:
2320:Colt M1911A1
2225:
2185:Mossberg 500
2179:
2095:
2021:
2000:black market
1988:South Africa
1985:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1934:October 2022
1931:
1927:adding to it
1922:
1892:Paul Gemayel
1870:Salim Meayki
1858:Robert Hatem
1838:Nader Succar
1817:Joseph Elias
1811:Joseph Eddeh
1790:Elias Khoury
1696:Samir Geagea
1659:Samir Geagea
1653:Elie Hobeika
1623:Dany Chamoun
1619:Samir Geagea
1596:
1588:
1582:
1575:Civil Police
1574:
1561:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1528:al-Maghaweer
1527:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1499:
1492:Battalion 77
1491:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1431:
1421:
1413:
1401:pistol belts
1396:
1388:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1314:
1308:
1301:Signal Corps
1300:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1213:
1209:adding to it
1204:
1182:
1172:January 2021
1169:
1165:adding to it
1160:
1122:Kataeb Party
1119:
1106:
1102:adding to it
1097:
1049:Rafic Hariri
1045:
1036:
1032:
1012:
992:
969:Saudi Arabia
953:
922:
903:Elie Hobeika
899:Samir Geagea
896:
887:
867:
830:
813:Mountain War
798:Palestinians
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
741:
728:intervention
722:
718:
704:
684:Dany Chamoun
681:
673:
669:
654:
645:
634:Please help
629:verification
626:
588:Etienne Saqr
557:
479:
477:
452:Mountain War
261:(until 1982)
167:Conservatism
151:Beqaa Valley
134:(until 1994)
125:(until 1990)
114:Headquarters
97:Samir Geagea
92:Elie Hobeika
29:
5547:Robert Fisk
5165:Menargues,
4383:Menargues,
3952:23 November
3836:Menargues,
3794:Menargues,
3697:Menargues,
3507:Menargues,
2993:air defense
2983:and Soviet
2977:autocannons
2971:14.5mm and
2893:, eighteen
2669:autocannons
2608:during the
2588:MBTs, five
2532:Ti-67 TIRAN
2508:light tanks
2453:AT-3 Sagger
2292:Astra A-100
2256:Walther PPK
2250:revolvers,
2132:, Romanian
2126:Zastava M70
2051:Walther MPL
2008:Syrian Army
2006:(PLO), the
1886:Paul Andari
1843:Naji Butrus
1794:Elias Zayek
1774:Pierre Rizk
1751:Alex Mteini
1745:Akram Kozah
1731:(1983-1984)
1705:(1987-1994)
1703:Fouad Malek
1698:(1985-1987)
1692:(1984-1985)
1690:Elias Zayek
1686:(1982-1984)
1680:(1980-1982)
1661:(1986-1994)
1655:(1985-1986)
1649:(1984-1985)
1643:(1982-1984)
1637:(1976-1982)
1408:Elite units
1329:Women Corps
1315:Naval Units
1053:Zouk Mikael
1004:Michel Aoun
996:Michel Aoun
858:Syrian Army
544:Palestinian
143:East Beirut
99:(1986–1994)
94:(1985–1986)
89:(1984–1985)
84:(1982–1984)
79:(1976–1982)
5983:Categories
5853:B00KFUXRGE
5746:B0011X4YIY
5732:B001F8OPZW
5718:B001F8Q0X2
5499:1555468349
5252:0275953890
5217:References
4204:7 December
4147:7 December
3995:Thompson,
3403:"Facebook"
2997:SA-7 Grail
2989:technicals
2979:, British
2691:KM410 and
2658:technicals
2654:gun trucks
2496:technicals
2449:BGM-71 TOW
2434:M47 Dragon
2288:Astra A-90
2284:Astra A-80
2219:, and the
2154:SIG SG 542
2138:MPi-KMS-72
2128:, Chinese
2059:Spectre M4
1799:Hanna Atik
1627:Leila Hawi
1544:LF Frogmen
1443:Shock unit
1432:LF Marines
1414:Snow Units
1281:Fourousiya
1273:Tank Corps
1216:April 2021
1109:April 2021
732:guerrillas
692:a massacre
578:, and the
554:Foundation
534:, and the
199:Right-wing
5834:1957-4193
5338:0769-4814
4715:Neville,
4227:Neville,
4174:Rottman,
3860:15 August
3767:15 August
3623:15 August
3433:15 August
3412:15 August
3202:"YouTube"
3064:in 1991.
3022:and five
3006:Sea craft
2845:, Israel.
2829:Artillery
2362:pistols.
2314:pistols,
2298:pistols,
2296:Llama M82
2294:pistols,
2270:pistols,
2258:pistols,
2252:Mauser M2
2152:, M16A2,
2024:M1 Garand
1849:, Beirut.
1834:, Beirut.
1832:Achrafieh
1768:Raji Abdo
1678:Fadi Frem
1641:Fadi Frem
1520:Commandos
1337:Nizamyyat
1130:Karantina
1126:Achrafieh
1023:ceasefire
967:but also
949:Achrafieh
929:Karantina
852:, led by
779:President
767:Achrafieh
576:Al-Tanzim
522:loyal to
493:romanized
369:Hezbollah
292:Opponents
203:far-right
119:Karantina
109:1976–1994
82:Fadi Frem
5200:cite web
5113:Kassis,
5074:Kassis,
5061:Kassis,
5048:Zaloga,
5022:Kassis,
4990:Kassis,
4964:Kassis,
4951:Kassis,
4912:Kassis,
4867:Zaloga,
4854:Kassis,
4841:Kassis,
4773:Kassis,
4760:Zaloga,
4744:Kassis,
4728:Kassis,
4682:Kassis,
4651:Kassis,
4612:Kassis,
4599:Zaloga,
4534:Kassis,
4521:Zaloga,
4490:Zaloga,
4464:Kassis,
4438:Kassis,
4409:Kassis,
4370:Kassis,
4332:Kassis,
4319:Kassis,
4306:Laffin,
4293:Kassis,
4277:Kassis,
4261:Kassis,
4161:Kassis,
3068:See also
3046:Aircraft
2975:23mm AA
2967:14.5mm,
2614:BTR-60PB
2536:T-54/55s
2356:CZ 82/83
2272:SIG P210
2181:Shotguns
1701:General
937:Damascus
794:massacre
386:faction)
212:Disarmed
183:Maronism
162:Ideology
5190:29 June
4111:McNab,
3823:Rabah,
3810:Rabah,
3781:Rabah,
3730:Rabah,
3207:YouTube
2973:ZU-23-2
2963:Soviet
2945:(TEL).
2747:hardtop
2677:UAZ-469
2622:AMX-VCI
2548:BTR-152
2447:), the
2426:M72 LAW
2130:Type 56
2037:, plus
1538:Itbaeni
1534:Itbaani
1439:berets.
1138:Amsheet
1081:Command
880:to the
603:History
495::
128:Ghidras
73:Leaders
63:Founder
5973:French
5929:
5915:
5897:
5883:
5865:
5851:
5838:French
5832:
5818:
5800:
5786:
5772:
5758:
5744:
5730:
5716:
5702:
5688:
5674:
5660:
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5622:
5608:
5594:
5581:French
5575:
5557:
5536:
5511:
5497:
5483:
5469:
5455:
5441:
5418:French
5412:
5381:Arabic
5369:
5353:French
5342:French
5336:
5322:
5303:French
5297:
5283:
5265:
5250:
5237:French
5231:
4070:
4053:Katz,
4027:Katz,
3969:Katz,
3684:Katz,
3282:|35:47
3244:28 May
3218:27 May
3062:Serbia
3040:RPG-7s
3028:Mossad
2935:Frog-7
2867:GAZ-66
2781:, and
2767:GAZ-66
2693:Keohwa
2637:SPAAGs
2590:AMX-13
2556:UR-416
2519:SPAAGs
2395:FN MAG
2387:PK/PKM
2346:, and
2158:FN CAL
2146:CAR-15
2142:AMD-65
2114:Vz. 58
2102:FN FAL
2091:Russia
2071:MAC-11
2067:MAC-10
2039:MAT-49
2030:) and
1992:Jordan
1964:Ghosta
1956:Arabic
1593:Arabic
1579:Arabic
1558:Arabic
1524:Arabic
1510:Arabic
1496:Arabic
1484:Arabic
1470:Arabic
1447:Arabic
1418:Arabic
1393:Arabic
1379:Arabic
1365:Arabic
1347:Arabic
1333:Arabic
1319:Arabic
1305:Arabic
1291:Arabic
1277:Arabic
1263:Arabic
1249:Arabic
1008:Bkerké
975:, and
973:Jordan
736:Beirut
700:Beirut
530:, the
484:Arabic
340:SSNP-L
225:Allies
209:Status
123:Beirut
3355:7 May
3130:Notes
2785:, US
2683:, US
2679:, US
2673:MBRLs
2586:M48A5
2567:Sidon
2441:MILAN
2430:RPG-7
2411:DShKM
2375:AA-52
2360:CZ 85
2352:CZ 75
2348:CZ 52
2201:Tabuk
2118:AK-47
2106:ROMAT
2098:M16A1
1490:) or
1369:Daeem
994:Gen.
977:Egypt
945:Zahlé
941:Syria
933:Paris
863:Sidon
846:Druze
837:Chouf
696:Safra
382:(pro-
5971:(in
5913:ISBN
5895:ISBN
5881:ISBN
5863:ISBN
5849:ASIN
5836:(in
5830:ISSN
5816:ISBN
5798:ISBN
5784:ISBN
5770:ISBN
5756:ISBN
5742:ASIN
5728:ASIN
5714:ASIN
5700:ISBN
5686:ISBN
5672:ISBN
5658:ISBN
5644:ISBN
5620:ISBN
5606:ISBN
5592:ISBN
5579:(in
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5555:ISBN
5534:ISBN
5509:ISBN
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5481:ISBN
5467:ISBN
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5340:(in
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5305:) –
5301:(in
5295:ISBN
5281:ISBN
5263:ISBN
5248:ISBN
5235:(in
5229:ISBN
5206:link
5192:2016
4206:2022
4149:2022
4068:ISBN
3954:2022
3862:2023
3769:2023
3625:2023
3435:2023
3414:2023
3357:2010
3246:2012
3220:2012
3188:help
3169:help
3150:help
3038:and
2952:and
2873:and
2805:and
2793:and
2777:and
2735:and
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2246:and
2148:and
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2077:and
1996:Iraq
1994:and
965:Iraq
961:Arab
905:and
841:Aley
839:and
800:and
792:; a
590:and
478:The
384:Aoun
358:LFEC
271:Iraq
217:Size
5927:EAN
3714:in
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2965:KPV
2861:),
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2689:Kia
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2498:).
2391:M60
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2205:M21
2122:AKM
2108:),
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2032:SKS
1929:.
1536:or
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