Lebanese Forces - Knowledge

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capabilities and was able to reverse the result of the battle of 1981. This victory was due to the bravery of the inhabitants and 92 Lebanese Forces soldiers (L.F Special Forces: The Maghaweer) sent from Beirut. The Syrian occupying forces used all kind of weapons (heavy artillery, tanks, war planes...) against a peaceful town, and they cut all kind of backup that may come from the Mountain. Regardless of the very bad weather and heavy bombing, convoys were sent in the snow to Zahle. Two Lebanese Forces soldiers died on a hill due to bad weather, they were found later holding each other... till they died. The battle of Zahle gave the Lebanese Cause a new perspective in the International Communities, and the victory was both military and diplomatic. It made the Leadership of President Bashir Gemayel much stronger because of his leadership and important role in this battle. The battle started on 2 April 1981, and finished with a cease fire and Lebanese Police were sent to Zahle. The 92 Lebanese Forces heroes returned to Beirut on 1 July 1981.

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capabilities and was able to reverse the result of the battle of 1981. This victory was due to the bravery of the inhabitants and 92 Lebanese Forces soldiers (L.F Special Forces: The Maghaweer) sent from Beirut. The Syrian occupying forces used all kind of weapons (heavy artillery, tanks, war planes...) against a peaceful town, and they cut all kind of backup that may come from the Mountain. Regardless of the very bad weather and heavy bombing, convoys were sent in the snow to Zahle. Two Lebanese Forces soldiers died on a hill due to bad weather and were found later holding each other. The battle of Zahle gave the Lebanese Cause a new perspective in the International Communities, and the victory was both military and diplomatic. It made the Leadership of President Bashir Gemayel much stronger because of his leadership and important role in this battle. The battle started on 2 April 1981, and finished with a cease fire and Lebanese Police were sent to Zahle. The 92 Lebanese Forces heroes returned to Beirut on 1 July 1981.

1653:, who was investigating the 2020 Beirut port explosion. The protest turned deadly when unidentified gunmen fired on the demonstrators, leading to armed confrontations that resulted in at least seven deaths and over 30 injuries. Geagea was summoned by military intelligence to testify about the events, as both Hezbollah and the Amal Movement accused his party of instigating the violence. Geagea denied these allegations, asserting that his supporters acted in self-defense against an attack by Hezbollah loyalists who had vandalized property in the area. On the day he was scheduled to appear, Geagea did not show up, and his supporters protested the summons, blocking roads in support. 1346:. Aoun's main objection to the Taif Agreement was its vagueness as to Syrian withdrawal from the country. He rejected it vowing that he "would not sign over the country". Fierce fighting in East Beirut broke out between the Lebanese Forces and the Lebanese Army under Michel Aoun after the Lebanese Army, under orders of Michel Aoun, began stopping and arresting members of the Lebanese Forces. These events led to the "Elimination War" on 31 January 1990. The war continued until the defeat and exile of Aoun to France in August 1990. During the war, the Lebanese Forces made major strides and victories including the capture of many of the army's encampments, barracks, and units. 1157: 393: 988:(most notably the BG Squad that was led by Bachir) and their allied Christian militias as they besieged the Palestinian camps embedded in Christian East Beirut one at a time and brought them down. The first was on 18 January 1976 when the heavily fortified Karantina camp, located near the strategic Beirut Harbor, was invaded: About 1,000 PLO fighters and civilians were killed. The Palestinian PLO and al-Saiqa forces retaliated by attacking the isolated defenseless Christian town of Damour about 20 miles south of Beirut on the coast, during the 382: 973: 407: 375: 400: 432: 425: 418: 4639: 368: 2963: 1495: 639: 294: 2944: 2914: 2884: 66: 1522:. In addition, the Lebanese Forces have also been able to attain a great deal of popularity amongst the younger generation, as evidenced by the annual student elections in Lebanese colleges. The Lebanese Forces, along with their other 14 March allies, made additional gains in the elections geared towards the professional bodies of engineers, doctors, lawyers, and even teachers. 2857: 1021:

such as Burj Rizk Achrafieh and Burj El Murr using snipers and heavy weapons against civilians. The soldiers stayed for 90 days. Another major clash took place near the Sodeco area in Achrafieh where the Lebanese Forces fought ferociously and led the Syrian army out of the Rizk Building. At this time, Israel was the primary backer of the Lebanese Front's militia.

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791:. After the assassination of its leader, Bachir Gemayel, in 1982, political friction within the Lebanese Front resulted in growing distance between the Kataeb militants and the rest of the Lebanese Forces. In the end, the Lebanese Forces and Kataeb became two separate forces within the Lebanese Front. A few uprisings led to Lebanese Forces 1102:

few days earlier, "Please tell your people to be patient. I am committed to make peace with Israel, and I shall do it. But I need time – nine months, maximum one year. I need to mend my fences with the Arab countries, especially with Saudi Arabia, so that Lebanon can once again play its central role in the economy of the Middle East."

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condemnation of the kidnapping. Lebanese intelligence arrested multiple Syrians to reveal Suleiman’s whereabouts. The next day he was reported dead by the Lebanese Army and that his body was taken to Syria by Syrian gangs. The party blamed Hezbollah for his killing and said that it was a political murder until proven otherwise.

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150 scholarships for Beirut schools' students. Ground-0 Relief Committee launched a petition for an international investigation. The petition was signed by the relatives of the victims and the missing, by the injured as well as by those whose homes, businesses or establishments have been damaged. The document was sent to the

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Following the party's new political gains, Samir Geagea was freed on 18 July 2005, after parliament decided to amend all the charges he formerly faced. Since Geagea's release from prison, the Lebanese Forces have been rebuilding much of their former image. Some of these works include reorganizing its

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This failed attempt by Hobeika was the last episode of internal struggles in East Beirut during Amine Gemayel's mandate. As a result, the Lebanese Forces led by Geagea were the only major force on ground. During two years of frail peace, Geagea launched a drive to re-equip and reorganize the Lebanese

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Bashir led his troops in the infamous "Hundred Days War" in Lebanon in 1978, in which the Lebanese Forces successfully resisted the Syrian shelling and attacking of Eastern Beirut for about three months before an Arab-brokered agreement forced the Syrians to end the siege. Syrians took high buildings

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Bachir led his troops in the infamous "Hundred Days War" in Lebanon in 1978, in which the Lebanese Forces successfully resisted the Syrian shelling and attacking of Eastern Beirut for about three months before an Arab-brokered agreement forced the Syrians to end the siege. Syrians took high buildings

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The Lebanese Forces and its main political representatives strive to re-establish the many Christian rights, which were significantly lessened during Syria's occupation of Lebanon, specifically from 1990 to 2005. Some of the Lebanese Force's other main objectives include formulating a just electoral

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led by General Michel Aoun who had returned to Lebanon. The Lebanese Forces were able to win 6 out of the 8 MPs that were nominated throughout the various regions of the country. Nevertheless, the elections proved to be very significant because for the first time, supporters of the party were freely

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After Aoun surrendered on 13 October 1990 to the rival Syrian-backed President Hrawi, Geagea was offered ministerial posts in the new government. He refused several times, because he was opposed to Syrian interference in Lebanese affairs, and his relationship with the new government deteriorated. On

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The death penalty should be eliminated in all instances within Lebanese legislation, particularly in the Penal Code and the Military Penal Code. Instead, it should be substituted with the punishment of life imprisonment with hard labor or life imprisonment, depending on the nature and circumstances

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to support in rebuilding Beirut. In December 2020, the committee achieved repairing 709 houses, assisted 5300 individuals and 2300 families, distributed 14000 food rations, made 2540 medical consultations, and provided 2030 individuals with medicine. In addition, the committee distributed more than

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In 1998, a group of ex-military persons in the Lebanese Forces, was alleged to have conducted military operation against the Syrian military intelligence in Lebanon. The group was mainly formed of elites Lebanese Forces called SADEM, On 19 June 1998, a failed operation revealed the identity of some

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Begin was reportedly angry at Bachir for his public denial of Israel's support. Bachir refused the immediate peace arguing that time is needed to reach consensus with Lebanese Muslims and the Arab nations. Bachir was quoted telling David Kimche, the director general of the Israeli Foreign Ministry,

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in which 1,000 Christian civilians were killed and 5,000 were sent fleeing north by boat, since all roads were blocked off. The Maronites retaliated with the invasion of the largest and strongest Palestinian refugee camp, Tel al-Zaatar that same year. Bachir, with his KRF militia units, also fought

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Christian East Beirut was ringed by heavily fortified Palestinian camps from which kidnappings and sniping against Lebanese civilians became a daily routine. Christian East Beirut became besieged by the PLO camps, with severe shortages of food and fuel. This unbearable situation was remedied by the

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Two rival governments contended for recognition following Amine Gemayel's departure from the Presidency in September 1988, one a mainly Christian government and the other a government of Muslims and Lebanese Leftists. The Lebanese Forces initially supported the military Christian government led by

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In an attempt to fix the relations between Bachir and Begin, Ariel Sharon met secretly with Bachir in Bikfaya. In this meeting, they both agreed that, after 48 hours, the IDF will cooperate with the Lebanese Army to force the Syrian Army out of Lebanon. After that is done, the IDF would peacefully

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On 3 September 1982, during the meeting, Begin demanded that Bachir sign a peace treaty with Israel as soon as he took office in return of Israel's earlier support of Lebanese Forces and he also told Bachir that the IDF will stay in South Lebanon if the Peace Treaty was not directly signed. Bachir

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militias at the Battle of the Hotels in central Beirut. The most important battle won by the Phalange for the control of the hotel district was the fighting over the possession of the Holiday Inn, due to its important strategic location. Before that battle, the Holiday Inn had been occupied by the

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about 20 miles south of Beirut on the coast, during the Damour massacre in which an estimated 150 to 500 Christian civilians were killed and 5,000 were sent fleeing north by boat, since all roads were blocked off. The Maronites retaliated with the invasion of the largest and strongest Palestinian

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was kidnapped by armed assailants while traveling in the area of Byblos. Party supporters blocked roads in the area in protest of the kidnapped and many politicians called for investigations and harsh punishments for the assailants. The party called for people to close their shops in the area in

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In 1981 at Zahlé in the Beqaa, the largest Christian town in the East, confronted one of the biggest battles – both military and political – between the Lebanese Forces and the Syrian occupying forces. The Lebanese Forces was able to confront them even though there was a big mismatch in military

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was ringed by heavily fortified Palestinian camps from which kidnappings and sniping against Lebanese civilians became a daily routine. Christian East Beirut became besieged by the PLO camps, with severe shortages of food and fuel. This unbearable situation was remedied by the Kataeb Regulatory

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The couple is free to choose any municipality for their marriage ceremony, as long as the municipality has at least 15 members. Their marriage will be legally recognized and governed by the court within the same jurisdiction. Non-Lebanese have the right to contract a civil marriage on Lebanese

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criticized the conduct of the trials and demanded Geagea's release, and Geagea's supporters argued that the Syrian-controlled Lebanese government had used the alleged crimes as a pretext for jailing Geagea and banning an anti-Syrian party. Many members of the Lebanese Forces were arrested and

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leave the Lebanese territory. Concerning the Peace Negotiation, Sharon agreed to give Bachir time to fix the internal conflicts before signing the negotiation. The next day, Begin's office issued a statement saying that the issues agreed upon between Bachir and Sharon were accepted.

1203:. The outcome was also a Progressive Socialist Party victory and a contiguous Druze Chouf district with access to Lebanese sea ports. Later in 1984, the PSP won decisive battles against the Lebanese Army in the Chahar region in the Aley District. The PSP then attacked further into 1507:. In addition to rebuilding their image, the Lebanese Forces have also been attempting to reclaim former privately funded facilities, which were seized by the Syrian backed government. Currently, the Lebanese Forces have also been striving to reclaim their rights to the 1251:, against the wishes of Geagea and most of the other leading Christian figures. Claiming that the Tripartite Accord gave Syria unlimited power in Lebanon, Geagea mobilized factions inside the Lebanese Forces and on 15 January 1986, attacked Hobeika's headquarters in 1246:

rebelled against Abou Nader's command, ostensibly to take the Lebanese Forces back to its original path. The relationship between Geagea and Hobeika soon broke down, however, and Hobeika began secret negotiations with the Syrians. On 28 December 1985, he signed the

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Forces (most notably the BG Squad that was led by Bachir) and their allied Christian militias as they besieged the Palestinian camps embedded in Christian East Beirut one at a time and brought them down. The first was on 18 January 1976 when the heavily fortified

1672:, one of the few Christian villages in Hezbollah-controlled Bint Jbeil, are largely supportive of Hezbollah's largest political rival, the Lebanese Forces, and the murder of Hasrouni deepened sectarian tensions. In April 2024 Lebanese Forces coordinator in the 1660:, was found in an apparent crash sight on 6 August 2023, but an autopsy later revealed that he was killed and many believed the murder was politically motivated. Samir Geagea declared Hasrouni's death an assassination, pointing the finger at the Iran-backed 1383:

On 19 March, the offices of the Lebanese Forces (LF) were raided and six people arrested, including Fouad Malik, LF secretary general, and three members of the LF intelligence apparatus, including a woman. Also detained were a man and a woman from the

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law, which would enable the Christian population to be represented fairly in local and parliamentary elections. The party has also stressed the idea of reaffirming the powers formerly endowed to the Lebanese president before being lessened in the

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candidates. LF formed an electoral alliance with Qassem Daoud (brother of Amal Martyr Daoud Daoud) in Tyre/Zahrani-East Saida (South II). Lebanese Forces secured 19 seats, making the LF the largest Christian-based party in parliament and the

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and laid siege to the city, aiming to reshape the Lebanese political landscape and force the PLO out of Lebanon. By 1982, Israel had been the main supplier to the Lebanese Forces, giving them assistance in weapons, clothing, and training.

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In 1982, Bachir met with Hani Al-Hassan (representative of the PLO) and told him that Israel would enter and wipe them out. Bachir told him to leave Lebanon peacefully before it was too late. Hani left and no reply was given to Bachir.

912:, located near the strategic Beirut Harbor, was invaded: About 1,000 PLO fighters and civilians were killed. The Palestinian PLO and al-Saiqa forces retaliated by attacking the isolated defenseless Christian town of 1400:

during the Lebanese Civil War. Although he was acquitted of the first charge, Geagea was subsequently arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment on several different counts, including the assassination of former

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for the control of the hotel district was the fighting over the possession of the Holiday Inn, due to its important strategic location. Before that battle, the Holiday Inn had been occupied by the PLO.

3380:"Lebanese Ex-Warlord Sentenced in Rival's Slaying : Mideast: Christian is the first militia chief convicted of civil war crimes. Many received amnesty. Eleven associates are also sentenced." 1199:", resulting in a large PSP victory. At the same time, the Lebanese Forces troops also fought battles against the Palestinian and Druze militias and the Syrian troop east of the southern city of 1032:, the Phalangists launched an operation in an attempt to stop the clashes within the Christian areas, and to unite all the Christian militias under Gemayel's command. This operation resulted in 948:, the Phalangists launched an operation in an attempt to stop the clashes within the Christian areas, and to unite all the Christian militias under Gemayel's command. This operation resulted in 1179:

from party militias, the Lebanese Forces returned to the villages which had been occupied by the PSP for seven years. However, soon after, clashes broke out between the Lebanese Forces and the

1693:, during the elections with a large anti-Hezbollah sentiment. The Lebanese Forces saw some withdrawal of candidates specifically in Shia dominated areas which was blamed at Hezbollah and the 885:(GoC) parties and their respective military wings. The main reason behind the formation of the Lebanese Front was to strengthen the Christian side against the challenge presented by the 3514: 809:, the party was banned, Geagea imprisoned and the activities of its militants repressed by the Lebanese services in Lebanon. The Lebanese Forces returned as a political force after the 4169: 921:

that same year. Bachir, with his KRF militia units, also fought against the PLO and LNM militias at the Battle of the Hotels in central Beirut. The most important battle won by the

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Introducing a law to abolish Article 522 of the Lebanese Penal Code, which allows the perpetrator of crimes of assault on honor to escape prosecution if he marries the victim.

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in early 2005, which resulted in a withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon. Soon after, Geagea was subsequently released from prison and continues to lead the party today.

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had the largest share on the council. Despite its original creation from party militias, the Lebanese Forces accepted new recruits without any specific party allegiance.

1531: 4079: 1006:. Eventually the PLO ended up occupying the Holliday Inn once again, while the Kataeb forces retreated to the facing Hilton Hotel in what was known as the "Hotel War". 1614:

The Lebanese Forces Party MPs called for an international investigation into the causes of the double explosion at the port of Beirut on 4 August 2020. They asked the

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Harris (p. 162) notes "the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in Damur"

960:. Camille Chamoun's silence was interpreted as acceptance of Gemayel's controls, because he felt that the Tigers led by his son were getting out of his control. 3966: 4092: 2170:

Lebanese Forces internal elections to elect the party President, Vice President and members of the Executive Committee take place every 6 years since 2023.

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Nine days before he was to take office, on 14 September 1982, Bachir was killed along with 25 others in a bomb explosion in the Kataeb headquarters in

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After the PLO had been expelled from the country to Tunisia, in a negotiated agreement, Bachir Gemayel became the youngest man to ever be elected as

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was soon after established with an agreement that the direct military commander would be a Kataeb member and the vice-commander an Ahrar member.

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Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux

3943: 5031: 4940: 3358: 3285: 1737: 1478:. The tactical alliance with Hizbollah and Amal would soon end; these majority parties and movements would subsequently form the anti-Syrian 1271:

with tens of his fighters where he prepared for an attack against East Beirut. On 27 September 1986, Hobeika's forces tried to take over the

4041:"What we know about kidnapping in Lebanon of senior Lebanese Forces official – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East" 4804: 4706: 3412: 540: 5046: 4958: 3929: 2077: 1690: 1331:, the Lebanese Forces handed the national ports which it controlled to Aoun's government under pressure from the Lebanese National army. 3881: 1417:

persons of this group, one of which was a Lebanese Army Captain, Camille Yared. Some other names published in the newspapers then were:

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program in areas controlled by Geagea's party. The Lebanese Forces also cut its relations with Israel and emphasized relations with the

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in Beirut on October 14. These clashes erupted during a protest organized by Hezbollah and its ally, the Amal Movement, against Judge

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as commander of the Lebanese Forces. The two had a frosty relationship, and in 1984, pressure from Amine led to Frem's replacement by

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Naamtallah Moussallem (SADEM unit, managed to escape Lebanon, condemned to death, allegedly one of the resistance network organizers)

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Sleiman, Pascal; official, a Lebanese Forces; April 7, kidnapped in Lebanon on; website, 2024-Lebanese Forces (8 April 2024).

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The Lebanese Forces presented 18 direct members along with many other allies in every electoral district, with the exception

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members and their families, reopening political facilities, and reestablishing their main presence among the Christians of

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Abdo Sawaya (SADEM unit, managed to escape Lebanon, condemned to death, allegedly one of the resistance network organizers)

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The first internal elections took place on October 29, 2023. 31,000 were eligible to vote but only 18,321 voted (58.9%).

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brutally tortured in the period of 1993–1994. At least one died in Syrian custody and many others were severely injured.

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Special to the New York Times (4 September 1982). "Begin Said to Meet in Secret With Beirut's President-Elect".

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in 1987. He was incarcerated in solitary confinement, with his access to the outside world severely restricted.

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The Commission of Inquiry into events at the refugee camps in Beirut 1983 FINAL REPORT (Authorized translation)

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In October 2021, Samir Geagea, the leader of the Lebanese Forces party, was embroiled in controversy following

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of 2005, when popular protests and international pressure following the assassination of former Prime Minister

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The Lebanese Forces was soon after established with an agreement that the direct military commander would be a

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under the control of Michel Aoun on 14 February 1989. These clashes were stopped, and after a meeting in

1248: 1184: 776: 5066: 3773: 3713: 1137: 1084: 998: 886: 760: 211: 4595: 4688: 3182:"Lebanon's Saudi Cables – Part II: The Diplomatic Proof That Saudi Arabia Funded The Lebanese Forces" 1804: 1727: 1703: 1402: 1156: 930: 827: 710: 252: 21: 1094:. He was elected by the parliament in August; most Muslim members of parliament boycotted the vote. 5081: 4922: 4170:"Geagea claims victory over FPM and Hezbollah, pledges not to vote for Berri as Parliament speaker" 1455: 1323:, the commander of the Lebanese Army. However, clashes erupted between the Lebanese Forces and the 1278:

In May 1985, during the period of Hobeika's leadership, the Lebanese Forces closed their office in

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followed, in which Phalangists killed between 762 and 3,500 (number is disputed) civilians, mostly

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and launched from there a relief committee, Ground-0, under the leadership of the former minister

740:. It was initially an umbrella organization coordinating all the right-wing party militias of the 5051: 4987: 4893: 4786: 4682: 3634: 3595: 3238:(1983) ‘'The Tragedy of Lebanon. Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers'’ 2986: 1487: 1385: 882: 858: 702: 626: 588: 4119:"كنعان لموقعنا: هدفهم شرذمة الأصوات المعارضة ونعم لحصرية السلاح – جيلبير متري | نداء الوطن" 3725: 1087:

estimated that when fully mobilized the Phalange had 5000 fighters of whom 2000 were full-time.

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was furious at Begin. The meeting ended in rage and both sides were not happy with each other.

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In July 1980, following months of intra-Christian clashes between the Tigers, the militia of

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In July 1980, following months of intra-Christian clashes between the Tigers, the militia of

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During the civil war, the Lebanese Forces fought different opponents at different times: the

718: 259: 28: 3688: 1626:, which would be responsible for carrying out the investigations. The Members of Parliament 4249: 3930:"Samir Geagea: Our companion Elias Hasrouni was assassinated, not killed in a car accident" 1954: 1711: 1133: 1091: 1068: 392: 332: 169: 165: 1611:, in order to take the necessary steps to appoint an international commission of inquiry. 692: 8: 5005: 4354: 4271: 3866: 3830: 1646: 1535: 1470:

party, and other anti-Syrian political groups, as well as a brief tactical alliance with

849:. It began as a simple coordination or joint command between the predominantly Christian 322: 247: 181: 161: 3515:"The 'Impossible' Relationship and History of Disputes between Lebanon's Aoun, Jumblatt" 3336: 3214: 1619: 1604: 1195:

and Palestinian militants. For months, the two fought what would later be known as the "

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militias who had now taken over the districts. The main Druze militiamen came from the

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neighborhood of Beirut but the Lebanese Forces of Geagea's command held them back.

1243: 1236: 1128:. The next day, Israel moved to occupy the city, allowing Phalangist members under 1121:(SSNP), believed by many to have acted on instructions of the Syrian government of 1064: 810: 841:

was informally organized in January 1976 under the leadership of Bashir's father,

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Going All the Way: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and the War in Lebanon

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also hinted that Hezbollah might have been behind the killing. The residents of

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which killed eleven people, of instigating acts of violence, and of committing

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from the southern part of the country. Israeli forces eventually moved towards

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Local official from anti-Hezbollah Lebanese Forces found dead in Syria: Army

4875: 4375:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in 3408: 2850: 2653: 2244: 1733: 1665: 1587: 1515: 1467: 1361: 1299: 1196: 1129: 1025: 1010: 972: 941: 922: 850: 795: 573: 452: 381: 94: 3988: 399: 293: 52: 4400: 3008:"Right-wing leader refuses Lebanese court summons over sectarian clashes" 2755: 1740: 1707: 1650: 1595: 1393: 1320: 1216: 904: 788: 768: 497: 431: 4118: 3967:"'This was the safest place in Lebanon': A tense Christian town empties" 1028:, and the Phalangists, who by now were under the complete leadership of 944:, and the Phalangists, who by now were under the complete leadership of 889:(LNM), an umbrella alliance of leftist parties/militias allied with the 424: 3789: 1865: 1664:

as the crime occurred deep within areas controlled by them. Politician

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Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present

4093:"Lebanese Forces candidate announces withdrawal from list in Bekaa II" 3744:"Cyber cafe terrorists arrested – News, Lebanon News – THE DAILY STAR" 3679:

Middle East International No 472, 1 April 1994; Godfrey Jansen pp.9–10

3033:"Lebanon: Hezbollah, Lebanese Forces trade blame over deadly protests" 1732:

After securing the most seats in parliament after the 2022 elections,

367: 4816: 4798: 4676: 3689:

UN Commission on Human Rights – Torture – Special Rapporteur's Report

1891: 1851: 1834: 1817: 1661: 1639: 1475: 1343: 1279: 1272: 1252: 1232: 1110: 870: 621: 4529:

Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975–1981

4461:(World Leaders Past & Present), Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. 1494: 1328: 3501: 1800: 1787: 1774: 1669: 1260: 4420:

La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional

4152:"Hezbollah allies projected to suffer losses in Lebanon elections" 3944:"Gemayel hints Hezbollah behind Ain Ebel and US embassy incidents" 3844:"عريضة من "Ground-0" لكوبيش للمطالبة بتحقيق دولي في انفجار المرفأ" 1586:, on 6 August 2020 the Lebanese Forces Party's executive chairman 1268: 638: 4638: 4222:"الغاء عقوبة الاعدام في لبنان – Lebanese Forces Official Website" 3882:"Lebanese Forces leader summoned to testify about Beirut clashes" 3848: 3163:"Cables Released by WikiLeaks Reveal Saudis' Checkbook Diplomacy" 2060: 2043: 1519: 1504: 798:

taking over and dissolving the Lebanese Front in the late 1980s.

699: 307: 16:

Lebanese Christian nationalist political party and former militia

4323:

By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer

3965:

Jamie Prentis &, Nada Maucourant Atallah (22 October 2023).

3826:"May Chidiac lance une pétition pour une enquête internationale" 3804: 1388:. On 21 April 1994, Geagea was arrested on charges of setting a 4387: 2178: 1591: 1303: 1076: 1041: 957: 749: 132: 3448:. "Begin Said to Meet in Secret With Beirut's President-Elect" 4038: 2196: 1996: 1454:

held in May and June, the Lebanese Forces formed part of the

1307: 1264: 1256: 1200: 1180: 1172: 1048:

silence was interpreted as acceptance of Gemayel's controls.

967: 780: 772: 240: 236: 4384:

Ta’rib al-Kata’eb al-Lubnaniyya: al-Hizb, al-sulta, al-khawf

3468:"Phalangists Identify Bomber of Gemayel As Lebanese Leftist" 2096: 4494:

Blue Steel IV: M-50 Shermans and M-50 APCs in South Lebanon

4433:, Men-at-Arms series 165, Osprey Publishing, London 1985. 3492:

Middle East International No 258, 13 September, Publishers

1925: 1908: 1295: 1291: 1176: 4447:, Men-at-arms series 194, Osprey Publishing, London 1988. 3637:

from the original on 17 November 2021 – via YouTube.

3598:

from the original on 17 November 2021 – via YouTube.

3565:"Lebanon's ruling elite are under fire. But who are they?" 2173:

Members of the Executive Committee are divided as follow:

1450:

combined to force Syria out of Lebanon. In the subsequent

1364:

ordered the dissolution of the Lebanese Forces, Ministers

744:

and served as the main resistance force of the front. The

3419:

p.108 has "This report was signed on 7 February 1982." p7

3211:"Historical Fact: The Massacre and Destruction of Damour" 3121: 2856: 1706:

the largest bloc in parliament with an additional 3 from

1036:

of tens of Tigers' members at the Marine beach resort in

952:

of tens of Tigers' members at the Marine beach resort in

232: 1736:

emphasized his pledge not to vote for 30-year incumbent

3610:

All honorable men: the social origins of war in Lebanon

1349: 3264:"Tel El Zaatar 1976 'Tal el zaatar' ' Tel al zaatar '" 3092: 1151: 821: 717:. It currently holds 19 of the 128 seats in Lebanon's 4571:

ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Gun Vehicles

3785:"جعجع عن انفجار بيروت: طرف ما خزن تلك المواد القاتلة" 3435:, Natalie Datlof, Alexej Ugrinsky, Hofstra University 3059:"How an investigation led to a gun battle in Lebanon" 1525: 1511:, which was initiated by the party in the mid-1980s. 1442:

The Lebanese Forces was an active participant in the

3631:"Lebanese Army Attacked by Lebanese Forces (AMCHIT)" 3540:"Michel Aoun and the death of Lebanon's Taef accord" 2958: 3964: 1514:Since the emancipation of the party's main leader, 20:For the faction during the Lebanese Civil War, see 4601:Lebanese Forces vehicles in the Lebanese civil war 1554:, formed in July 2008, by the minister of justice 1546:, formed in July 2005, by the minister of tourism 1427:Fadi Chahoud (SADEM unit, deceased in August 2000) 1424:Georges Dib (SADEM unit, deceased on 19 June 1998) 1421:Nehme Ziede (SADEM unit, deceased on 19 June 1998) 1354: 1338:" against the Syrian army, but then agreed to the 1313: 721:and is therefore the largest party in parliament. 4397:, Vintage Books, New York 1984 (revised edition). 3359:"LEBANON: Beirut's Agony Under the Guns of March" 3286:"LEBANON: Beirut's Agony Under the Guns of March" 1360:23 March 1994, the Lebanese government headed by 1242:On 12 March 1985, Samir Geagea, Elie Hobeika and 5018: 4429:Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, and Ron Volstad, 4337:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943–1990 4286:"معراب انتخبت... وهؤلاء أعضاء الهيئة التنفيذيّة" 3327: 3325: 3258: 3256: 3205: 3203: 1334:The Lebanese Forces initially supported Aoun's " 748:provided the largest share of fighters, and the 4487:Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon 3589: 3193: 3191: 1607:, through his special coordinator for Lebanon, 3703: 3701: 2141:abolish Lebanese rape-marriage law Article 522 1160:Lebanese Forces militiamen resting during the 801:After the civil war ended, Geagea created the 4621: 4480:Blue Steel 2: M-3 Halftracks in South Lebanon 4196:"Nabih Berri's speakership hangs by a thread" 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3386:, 25 June 1995. Retrieved on 22 October 2016. 3333:"Historical Fact: The Battle of Zahle – 1981" 3322: 3253: 3200: 3118:"1978: Israeli troops leave southern Lebanon" 1491:able to participate in the election process. 1437: 660: 4422:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994. (in 3802: 3628: 3188: 46: 4805:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 4707:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 4064:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3698: 3649:"Lebanon Detains Christian in Church Blast" 2155:Legalize optional civil marriage in Lebanon 1721: 1282:. The office was headed by Pierre Yazbeck. 1231:replaced him as president, and his cousin, 1222: 4628: 4614: 3754: 3695:, 12 January 1995. Retrieved 6 March 2008. 3693:United Nations Economic and Social Council 2855: 1132:'s command to enter the centrally located 968:Under President Bashir Gemayel (1976–1982) 667: 653: 64: 3612:(I. B. Tauris, 23 November 2002), p.148, 2097:List of draft laws proposed in parliament 1684: 1255:. Hobeika surrendered and fled, first to 4573:, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1993. 4559:, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1998. 4545:, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1990. 4515:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon 3373: 2563: 2165: 1562:. They are a Christian party within the 1493: 1155: 971: 724:The organization was created in 1976 by 3905: 3160: 2159:territory in accordance with this law. 1616:Secretary-General of the United Nations 1227:After the death of Bachir, his brother 5037:Christian political parties in Lebanon 5019: 3946:. No. 21 September 2023. Naharnet 3395:قصة الموارنة في الحرب – جوزيف أبو خليل 3179: 3005: 2268: 1148:, causing great international uproar. 5072:Political parties established in 1976 4609: 4445:Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 4325:, St. Martin's Press, New York 1990. 4013:Staff, All Arab News (8 April 2024). 4012: 3110: 1656:Former LF coordinator in Bint Jbeil, 1542:of 2009, and were represented in the 1380:voted against the dissolution of LF. 736:, and other party leaders during the 607:Lebanese Forces (Lebanese Resistance) 5032:Christian democratic parties in Asia 4149: 3879: 3590:Lebanese Forces (27 February 2012). 1350:Lebanese Forces Party (1990–present) 4501:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks 4407:, London: Oxford University Press, 4310:, Greenwood Publishing Group 1996. 4078:Al Arabiya English (08 April 2024) 3006:Jansen, Michael (22 October 2021). 2788: 1750: 1152:The Amine Gemayel years (1982–1988) 1055: 822:Lebanese Forces militia (1976–1990) 805:. In 1994, while Lebanon was under 757:Palestinian Liberation Organization 688: 346:This article is part of a series on 47: 13: 5047:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War 4531:, L’Echo des Cedres, Beirut 2011. 4472: 4386:, Beirut: Dar al-Jadid, 1991. (in 4188: 4162: 4085: 1590:was the first politician to visit 1526:2005–2011 political representation 1486:backed by Hizbullah, Amal and the 1134:Sabra and the Shatila refugee camp 765:Lebanese National Resistance Front 14: 5093: 4584: 4321:Claire Hoy and Victor Ostrovsky, 3906:Prentis, Jamie (11 August 2023). 3769:SADEM UNIT, Lebanese Forces Video 3709:SADEM UNIT, Lebanese Forces Video 3629:VcodersMedia (28 December 2007). 3335:. Lebanese Forces. Archived from 3213:. Lebanese Forces. Archived from 3090: 2982:1982 Iranian diplomats kidnapping 1577: 1509:Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation 1083:An official Israeli inquiry into 1013:member and the vice-commander an 976:Former Lebanese President-elect, 891:Palestine Liberation Organization 4637: 4541:Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, 4503:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008. 4443:Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, 2961: 2943: 2942: 2913: 2912: 2883: 2882: 2126:abolish death penalty in Lebanon 1558:and the minister of environment 1167:After the Israeli invasion, the 1113:. The attack was carried out by 637: 430: 423: 416: 405: 398: 391: 380: 373: 366: 292: 5042:Conservative parties in Lebanon 4701:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 4496:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007. 4489:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007. 4482:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006. 4405:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War 4278: 4260: 4242: 4228: 4214: 4143: 4125: 4111: 4072: 4032: 4006: 3981: 3958: 3936: 3922: 3899: 3873: 3855: 3837: 3819: 3796: 3778: 3736: 3718: 3682: 3673: 3659: 3641: 3622: 3602: 3583: 3557: 3532: 3507: 3486: 3460: 3451: 3438: 3422: 3398: 3389: 3351: 3300: 3278: 3229: 3093:"EPP – European People's Party" 1355:The Second Republic (1990–2005) 1314:The Elimination War (1988–1990) 1213:8th Mechanised Infantry Brigade 1119:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 5027:1976 establishments in Lebanon 4982:Popular Nasserist Organization 4835:Popular Nasserist Organization 3429:President Reagan and the World 3365:. 5 April 1976. Archived from 3292:. 5 April 1976. Archived from 3180:Dagher, Ramez (20 June 2015). 3173: 3154: 3136: 3091:Party, EPP-European People's. 3084: 3051: 3025: 2999: 1071:was necessary to root out PLO 1: 4517:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003. 4359:Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92 3161:Hubbard, Ben (20 June 2015). 3097:EPP – European People's Party 2992: 2222: 1697:for placing pressure on Shia 1482:, which stood opposed to the 1286:Forces. He also instituted a 223:International Democracy Union 5077:Political parties in Lebanon 5057:Lebanese nationalist parties 4644:Political parties in Lebanon 4596:Bachir Gemayel Squad Website 4361:, Palgrave Macmillan, 1998. 4139:. 961. 961News. 17 May 2022. 3932:. LBCI News. 20 August 2023. 3852:, Lebanon, 16 September 2020 3592:"2elgha2 War (Samir Geagea)" 2152:Melhem Riachi, Georges Okeis 1534:out of the 128 seats of the 832: 7: 4976:Progressive Socialist Party 4739:Progressive Socialist Party 3870:, Lebanon, 23 February 2021 2954: 1743:, citing corruption in the 1566:, an anti-Syrian movement. 1185:Progressive Socialist Party 777:Progressive Socialist Party 693: 53: 10: 5098: 5062:Liberal parties in Lebanon 4300: 3667:"News | LebanonFiles" 1725: 1498:Lebanese Forces supporters 1458:, which also included the 1438:After the Cedar Revolution 1215:commanded by then Colonel 1067:, arguing that a military 887:Lebanese National Movement 825: 816: 761:Lebanese National Movement 18: 5001: 4968: 4906: 4853: 4776: 4766: 4748: 4716: 4689:Lebanese Democratic Party 4660: 4650: 4431:Armies in Lebanon 1982–84 3834:, Lebanon, 29 August 2020 2854: 2849: 2819: 1728:Strong Republic (Lebanon) 1550:, and then in the second 1530:The Lebanese Forces held 828:Lebanese Forces (militia) 318: 305: 300: 291: 286: 272: 258: 246: 228: 219:International affiliation 218: 205: 187: 175: 155: 147: 139: 128: 120: 110: 100: 90: 80: 72: 63: 39: 22:Lebanese Forces (militia) 4923:Lebanese Communist Party 3793:, Lebanon, 6 August 2020 3730:U.S. Department of State 2130:of the committed crime. 1722:Parliamentary activities 1456:Rafik Hariri Martyr List 1223:Internal power struggles 1207:, a village held by the 986:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 855:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 746:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 612:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 27:Not to be confused with 4988:National Dialogue Party 4787:Free Patriotic Movement 4683:Free Patriotic Movement 4268:"LF internal elections" 3849:Lebanese Forces Website 2987:2012 Koura by-elections 2214: 1488:Free Patriotic Movement 1464:Popular Socialist Party 1386:Guardians of the Cedars 1191:, in alliance with the 931:Lebanese Forces militia 883:Guardians of the Cedars 859:Tyous Team of Commandos 694:al-Quwwāt al-Libnānīyah 627:Guardians of the Cedars 589:Free Patriotic Movement 212:European People's Party 177:Political position 54:al-Quwwāt al-Lubnānīyah 4888:National Liberal Party 4339:, Fayard, Paris 2005. 2207:1 member representing 1716:National Liberal Party 1685:2022 general elections 1499: 1452:parliamentary election 1171:troops settled in the 1164: 1065:Israel invaded Lebanon 1040:, 25 km north of 980: 956:, 25 km north of 879:Lebanese Renewal Party 4908:17 October Revolution 4882:Independence Movement 4082:english.alarabiya.net 2564:Cabinet participation 2400:Michel Abou Gebrayel 2166:LF internal elections 1584:2020 Beirut explosion 1540:the general elections 1497: 1410:Amnesty International 1159: 975: 803:Lebanese Forces Party 29:Lebanese Armed Forces 4543:Battleground Lebanon 3807:. Ground Zero Beirut 3805:"Ground Zero Beirut" 3457:أسرار الحرب في لبنان 2772:Camille Abousleiman 2740:Richard Kouyoumjian 2023:Saiid Sleiman Asmar 1712:Camille Dory Chamoun 1601:UN Secretary General 1259:and subsequently to 1092:president of Lebanon 900:guerrilla factions. 274:Council of Ministers 207:European affiliation 198:Lebanese Opposition 188:National affiliation 170:Lebanese nationalism 166:Liberal conservatism 5006:Politics of Lebanon 4499:Moustafa El-Assad, 4492:Moustafa El-Assad, 4485:Moustafa El-Assad, 4478:Moustafa El-Assad, 4457:Matthew S. Gordon, 4274:on 20 October 2023. 3240:Chatto & Windus 3065:. 23 October 2021. 2570: 2491:won by acclamation 2480:won by acclamation 2269:Executive Committee 2262:won by acclamation 2249:won by acclamation 2102: 1536:Lebanese Parliament 1267:. He then moved to 569:Constitutional Bloc 323:Politics of Lebanon 162:Christian democracy 4569:Steven J. Zaloga, 4555:Steven J. Zaloga, 4393:Jonathan Randall, 4371:Fawwaz Traboulsi, 4150:Chehayeb, Kareem. 4045:www.al-monitor.com 3993:english.aawsat.com 3880:Chehayeb, Kareem. 3803:جبران خليل جبران. 3653:The New York Times 3472:The New York Times 3446:The New York Times 3369:on 3 January 2010. 3296:on 3 January 2010. 3167:The New York Times 2977:East Beirut canton 2813:overall seats won 2569:List of Ministers 2568: 2101: 1995:Mount Lebanon 4 – 1792:Armenian Orthodox 1552:Siniora government 1544:Siniora government 1500: 1165: 1117:, a member of the 981: 895:Rejectionist Front 793:commander-in-chief 738:Lebanese Civil War 715:Lebanese Civil War 248:Parliamentary bloc 214:(regional partner) 5067:March 14 Alliance 5014: 5013: 4997: 4996: 4855:March 14 Alliance 4768:National Assembly 4762: 4761: 4718:March 14 Alliance 4537:978-1-934293-06-5 4306:Antoine Abraham, 4156:www.aljazeera.com 3608:Michael Johnson, 3571:. 20 October 2019 3498:Dennis Walters MP 3384:Los Angeles Times 3039:. 14 October 2021 2952: 2951: 2786: 2785: 2561: 2560: 2422:Yvonne El Hachem 2266: 2265: 2209:Lebanese diaspora 2163: 2162: 2094: 2093: 1960:Mount Lebanon III 1941:Mount Lebanon III 1784:Jihad Pakradouni 1484:March 8 Coalition 1480:March 14 Alliance 1392:in the church in 1374:Nicholas Fattoush 1249:Tripartite Accord 1046:Camille Chamoun's 807:Syrian occupation 787:loyal to General 677: 676: 478:Suleiman Frangieh 463:Bechara El Khoury 353:Maronite politics 341: 340: 328:Political parties 192:March 14 Alliance 82:Secretary-General 5089: 4829:Dignity Movement 4778:March 8 Alliance 4774: 4773: 4662:March 8 Alliance 4658: 4657: 4642: 4641: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4607: 4606: 4355:Edgar O'Ballance 4318:, 9780275953898. 4294: 4293: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4270:. Archived from 4264: 4258: 4257: 4256:. 2 August 2023. 4246: 4240: 4239: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4089: 4083: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4063: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4010: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3877: 3871: 3867:L'Orient-Le Jour 3859: 3853: 3841: 3835: 3831:L'Orient-Le Jour 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3800: 3794: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3765: 3752: 3751: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3705: 3696: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3655:. 24 March 1994. 3645: 3639: 3638: 3626: 3620: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3511: 3505: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3474:. 3 October 1982 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3442: 3436: 3433:Eric J. Schmertz 3426: 3420: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3329: 3320: 3319: 3318:on 27 June 2014. 3314:. Archived from 3304: 3298: 3297: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3260: 3251: 3236:Randal, Jonathan 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3207: 3198: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3003: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2946: 2945: 2937: 2916: 2915: 2907: 2886: 2885: 2877: 2859: 2839: 2793: 2792: 2789:Election summary 2571: 2567: 2510:Elias Abi Tayeh 2488:Michel Tannoury 2345:Charly Kossaify 2273: 2272: 2227: 2226: 2103: 2100: 1922:Mount Lebanon II 1905:Mount Lebanon II 1884:Chawki Daccache 1848:Ghayath Yazbeck 1831:Sethrida Geagea 1755: 1754: 1751:Current deputies 1620:António Guterres 1605:Antonio Guterres 1444:Cedar Revolution 1366:Sleiman Frangieh 1244:Karim Pakradouni 1237:Fouad Abou Nader 1146:Lebanese Shiites 1085:events in Beirut 1056:Israeli invasion 811:Cedar Revolution 696: 690: 689:القوات اللبنانية 669: 662: 655: 641: 579:National Liberal 434: 427: 420: 409: 402: 395: 384: 377: 370: 354: 343: 342: 314: 311: 310:.lebanese-forces 309: 296: 281: 267: 201: 196: 83: 68: 57: 56: 50: 49: 48:القوات اللبنانية 37: 36: 32: 25: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5082:Lebanese Forces 5017: 5016: 5015: 5010: 4993: 4964: 4902: 4899:Independent (3) 4870:Future Movement 4864:Lebanese Forces 4849: 4846:Independent (5) 4811:Marada Movement 4758: 4744: 4733:Lebanese Forces 4727:Future Movement 4712: 4695:Marada Movement 4646: 4636: 4634: 4591:Lebanese Forces 4587: 4475: 4473:Further reading 4415:(3rd ed. 2001). 4382:Hazem Saghieh, 4335:Denise Ammoun, 4308:The Lebanon war 4303: 4298: 4297: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4254:Lebanese Forces 4248: 4247: 4243: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4205: 4203: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4179: 4177: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4148: 4144: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4077: 4073: 4057: 4056: 4049: 4047: 4037: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3970: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3878: 3874: 3860: 3856: 3842: 3838: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3801: 3797: 3783: 3779: 3768: 3766: 3755: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3708: 3706: 3699: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3627: 3623: 3607: 3603: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3544:Middle East Eye 3538: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3519:Asharq AL-awsat 3513: 3512: 3508: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3475: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3443: 3439: 3427: 3423: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3378: 3374: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3339:on 26 June 2012 3331: 3330: 3323: 3312:www.youtube.com 3306: 3305: 3301: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3269: 3267: 3266:. Liberty05.com 3262: 3261: 3254: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3178: 3174: 3159: 3155: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3012:The Irish Times 3004: 3000: 2995: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2948: 2938: 2935: 2918: 2908: 2905: 2888: 2878: 2875: 2847: 2840: 2837: 2791: 2724:Ghassan Hasbani 2707:Pierre Bou Assi 2685:Health minister 2671:Ghassan Hasbani 2566: 2543:Pierre El Hage 2532:Antoine Baroud 2271: 2254:Vice President 2225: 2217: 2195:2 members from 2189:3 members from 2183:3 members from 2168: 2099: 2074:Antoine Habchi 2069:Greek Catholic 2052:Greek Orthodox 2040:Elias Estephan 2018:Greek Catholic 1985:Greek Orthodox 1977:Mount Lebanon 4 1955:Camille Chamoun 1936:Pierre Bou Assi 1913:Greek Catholic 1888:Mount Lebanon I 1871:Mount Lebanon I 1826:Greek Orthodox 1779:Greek Orthodox 1770:Ghassan Hasbani 1753: 1730: 1724: 1704:Strong republic 1687: 1678:Pascal Suleiman 1674:Byblos District 1647:violent clashes 1636:Eddy Abillammaa 1596:Dr. May Chidiac 1580: 1528: 1466:, the reformed 1460:Future Movement 1448:Rafik al-Hariri 1440: 1357: 1352: 1316: 1294:states, mainly 1225: 1154: 1115:Habib Shartouni 1058: 990:Damour massacre 970: 847:Camille Chamoun 835: 830: 824: 819: 734:Camille Chamoun 707:political party 681:Lebanese Forces 673: 632: 631: 602: 594: 593: 584:Marada Movement 559:Lebanese Forces 554: 546: 545: 516: 508: 507: 473:Camille Chamoun 468:Alfred Naqqache 448: 440: 439: 438: 437: 436: 435: 428: 421: 412: 411: 410: 403: 396: 387: 386: 385: 378: 371: 352: 337: 306: 282: 279: 268: 265: 253:Strong Republic 199: 197: 194: 168: 164: 86:Emile Moukarzel 81: 59: 58: 51: 45: 43: 42:Lebanese Forces 33: 26: 19: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5095: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5052:Lebanese Front 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4935:Tahalof Watani 4932: 4929:Beirut Tuqawem 4926: 4920: 4913: 4911: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4873: 4867: 4860: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4783: 4781: 4771: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4755:PM's share (5) 4752: 4750: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4723: 4721: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4655: 4648: 4647: 4633: 4632: 4625: 4618: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4586: 4585:External links 4583: 4582: 4581: 4567: 4553: 4539: 4527:Samer Kassis, 4525: 4513:Samer Kassis, 4511: 4509:978-9953012568 4497: 4490: 4483: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4455: 4441: 4427: 4418:Samir Kassir, 4416: 4398: 4391: 4380: 4369: 4367:978-0312215934 4352: 4345:978-2213615219 4333: 4319: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4277: 4259: 4241: 4227: 4213: 4200:L'Orient Today 4187: 4174:L'Orient Today 4161: 4142: 4124: 4110: 4097:L'Orient Today 4084: 4071: 4031: 4005: 3980: 3969:. The National 3957: 3935: 3921: 3910:. The National 3898: 3872: 3854: 3836: 3818: 3795: 3777: 3753: 3748:The Daily Star 3735: 3717: 3697: 3681: 3672: 3658: 3640: 3621: 3601: 3582: 3556: 3531: 3506: 3485: 3459: 3450: 3437: 3421: 3405:Kahan, Yitzhak 3397: 3388: 3372: 3350: 3321: 3299: 3277: 3252: 3228: 3217:on 9 June 2012 3199: 3187: 3172: 3153: 3148:The Daily Star 3135: 3124:. 13 June 1978 3109: 3083: 3050: 3037:Deutsche Welle 3024: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2969:Lebanon portal 2956: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2941: 2939: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2911: 2909: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2881: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2801:overall votes 2797: 2796:Election year 2790: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749:Social Affairs 2746: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717:Social Affairs 2714: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2691:Melhem Riachi 2688: 2687: 2678: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2637:Ibrahim Najjar 2633: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2620:Ibrahim Najjar 2616: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2554:Joseph Jbeily 2552: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2521:Bassam Nachef 2519: 2518:South Lebanon 2515: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2507:South Lebanon 2504: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2496:South Lebanon 2493: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2466:Youssef Hitti 2464: 2463:North Lebanon 2460: 2459: 2456: 2455:Wehbe Katicha 2453: 2452:North Lebanon 2449: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2441:North Lebanon 2438: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2430:North Lebanon 2427: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419:North Lebanon 2416: 2415: 2412: 2411:Antoine Zahra 2409: 2408:North Lebanon 2405: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397:Mount Lebanon 2394: 2393: 2390: 2389:Maya Zaghrini 2387: 2386:Mount Lebanon 2383: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2375:Mount Lebanon 2372: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2364:Mount Lebanon 2361: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353:Mount Lebanon 2350: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2342:Mount Lebanon 2339: 2338: 2335: 2334:Rachid Khalil 2332: 2331:Mount Lebanon 2328: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2320:Mount Lebanon 2317: 2316: 2313: 2312:Edy Abi Lamaa 2310: 2309:Mount Lebanon 2306: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2224: 2221: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2201:1 member from 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2177:1 member from 2167: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2058: 2057:Georges Okais 2054: 2053: 2050: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1902: 1901:Melhem Riachi 1898: 1897: 1894: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1761:Election Area 1759: 1752: 1749: 1726:Main article: 1723: 1720: 1686: 1683: 1658:Elias Hasrouni 1624:United Nations 1579: 1578:Lebanon Crisis 1576: 1572:Taef Agreement 1556:Ibrahim Najjar 1527: 1524: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1403:Prime Minister 1398:assassinations 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1340:Taif Agreement 1336:Liberation War 1315: 1312: 1288:social welfare 1224: 1221: 1189:Walid Jumblatt 1153: 1150: 1126:Hafez al-Assad 1057: 1054: 1030:Bachir Gemayel 978:Bachir Gemayel 969: 966: 946:Bachir Gemayel 917:refugee camp, 910:Karantina camp 875:Marada Brigade 867:Tigers Militia 843:Pierre Gemayel 839:Lebanese Front 834: 831: 826:Main article: 823: 820: 818: 815: 742:Lebanese Front 730:Bachir Gemayel 711:former militia 675: 674: 672: 671: 664: 657: 649: 646: 645: 643:Lebanon portal 634: 633: 630: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 603: 600: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 544: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 517: 514: 513: 510: 509: 506: 505: 500: 495: 490: 488:Bachir Gemayel 485: 483:Pierre Gemayel 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 429: 422: 415: 414: 413: 404: 397: 390: 389: 388: 379: 372: 365: 364: 363: 362: 361: 360: 357: 356: 348: 347: 339: 338: 336: 335: 330: 325: 319: 316: 315: 303: 302: 298: 297: 289: 288: 284: 283: 278: 276: 270: 269: 264: 262: 256: 255: 250: 244: 243: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 209: 203: 202: 200:(2019–present) 189: 185: 184: 179: 173: 172: 159: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 112: 111:Vice-president 108: 107: 105:Bachir Gemayel 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 84: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 61: 60: 44: 41: 40: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5094: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4898: 4895: 4894:Islamic group 4892: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4793:Amal Movement 4791: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4671:Amal Movement 4669: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4631: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4580: 4579:962-361-039-4 4576: 4572: 4568: 4566: 4565:962-361-613-9 4562: 4558: 4554: 4552: 4551:962-361-003-3 4548: 4544: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4524: 4523:9953-0-0705-5 4520: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4468: 4467:1-55546-834-9 4464: 4460: 4456: 4454: 4453:0-85045-800-5 4450: 4446: 4442: 4440: 4439:0-85045-602-9 4436: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4332: 4331:0-9717595-0-2 4328: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4237: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4202:. 19 May 2022 4201: 4197: 4191: 4176:. 19 May 2022 4175: 4171: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4120: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4081: 4075: 4067: 4061: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4020: 4019:All Arab News 4016: 4009: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3968: 3961: 3945: 3939: 3931: 3925: 3909: 3902: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3676: 3668: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3619: 3618:1-86064-715-4 3615: 3611: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3454: 3447: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3409:Barak, Aharon 3406: 3401: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3354: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3249: 3248:0-7011-2755-4 3245: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3183: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3063:The Economist 3060: 3054: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2959: 2940: 2933: 2930: 2928:210,324 (#1) 2927: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2910: 2903: 2900: 2898:168,960 (#4) 2897: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2808: 2807:overall vote 2804: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2603:Antoine Karam 2601: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2586:Joseph Sarkis 2584: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2499:Assaad Saiid 2498: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2477:Bachir Matar 2476: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2433:Elie Keyrouz 2432: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2378:Fady Zarifeh 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2323:Georges Aoun 2322: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2290:Daniel Sbiro 2289: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2261: 2259: 2258:Georges Adwan 2256: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2220: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2203:South Lebanon 2200: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2191:North Lebanon 2188: 2186: 2185:Mount Lebanon 2182: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1998: 1994: 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