1952:". Additionally, the High Court's has broad powers under its inherent jurisdiction including wardship. In parental disputes, generally the courts are concerned with making orders for custody, care and control, and access. These orders are distinct from questions of financial responsibility for children (i.e. "maintenance"). Access is the right to have contact with the child, it may be unsupervised or supervised (i.e. where there are concerns about the impact of contact on the child); undefined (sometimes "reasonable" or "generous") or defined (i.e. at times specified in the order); staying (a.k.a. overnight) or "day-time". Care and control is the right to make day-to-day decisions about the child; it should not be confused with "shared care" and the notion of the primary caregiver. Custody is the right to make all important decisions affecting the child and it is generally awarded to one parent ("sole custody") or shared between both parents ("joint custody"): see "
1960:
wishes and feelings of the child concerned (considered in the light of the child's age and understanding); the physical, emotional and educational needs of the child; the likely effect on the child of any change in the child's circumstances; the child's age, sex, background and any characteristics of the child's which the court considers relevant; any harm the child has suffered or is at risk of suffering; how capable each of the parents, and any other person in relation to whom the court considers the question to be relevant, is of meeting the child's needs; the range of powers available to the court in the proceedings in question; and the general principle that any delay is likely to prejudice the welfare of the child: see "
2655:
satisfy the means test criteria which are the same as for civil cases. Notwithstanding that an applicant's financial resources exceed the statutory limit, the
Director of Legal Aid may grant legal aid to the applicant if the Director is satisfied that it is desirable in the interests of justice to do so. However, in appeal cases, the Director of Legal Aid must be satisfied that there are meritorious grounds for appeal with a reasonable prospect of success. Notwithstanding the refusal of a legal aid application by the Director of Legal Aid, a judge may himself grant aid if the applicant has satisfied the means test. Applicants in cases involving a charge of
2646:
test' and a 'merits test'. For the means test, a person whose total financial resources do not exceed $ 155,800 may be granted legal aid. The
Director of Legal Aid may waive the upper financial limit in meritorious cases when a breach of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights or inconsistency with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as applied to Hong Kong is an issue. For the merits test, the Director must be satisfied that an applicant has reasonable grounds for bringing or defending the civil proceedings to which the application relates. A person aggrieved by a decision of the Director may appeal to the Registrar of the High Court.
1920:", namely for: periodical payments, secured periodical payments, lump sum payments, transfers or sale of property, settlement of property (into a trust), and variation of settlements. Similarly, there are powers to make orders for maintenance pending suit once divorce proceedings have begun. These are interim measures that will end once the final divorce decree is granted. In making final financial orders in favour of a spouse, courts are guided by four principles: (i) the objective of fairness, (ii) rejection of discrimination, (iii) the yardstick of equal division, and (iv) rejection of minute retrospective investigation (see "
2503:, headed by the Director of Public Prosecution, prosecutes trials and appeals on behalf of the HKSAR and generally exercises the Secretary for Justice's discretion whether or not to bring criminal proceedings against a person. It conducts most criminal appeals up to and including the Court of Final Appeal. It also conduct the majority of trials in the Court of First Instance and the District Court and, when necessary, it prosecutes in the Magistrates’ Court. The division also provides legal advice to law enforcement agencies and other government departments on the criminal law aspects of any proposed legislation.
2699:
representation. The defendants are required to pay a handling charge of $ 570 upon granting of Duty Lawyer representation. In 2018, 22,546 defendants were assisted. The Free Legal Advice Scheme, staffed by over 1,126 volunteer lawyers, operates 12 sessions per week at nine evening centres. In 2018, 6,953 cases were handled. The scheme is not means tested. A free Tel-Law
Service offers trilingual (Cantonese, Putonghua and English) taped information on 80 topics. Eight telephone lines operate 24 hours. In 2018, 16,439 calls were received.
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168:
2209:
settling government land disposal and lease modification documents. LACO is also responsible for the preparation of documentation relating to the acquisition of land from private owners pursuant to statutory powers and the payment of compensation to those owners. LACO administers the Lands
Department Consent Scheme to approve applications by developers to sell flats in uncompleted developments. It also approves Deeds of Mutual Covenant requiring approval under land leases. LACO also provides
2282:
2122:
2009:
1869:
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66:
25:
2454:, as well as the Secretary for Justice's Office, provides professional support to the Secretary for Justice in the execution of her duties and provides input on all legal policy issues being considered by the Government. The division advises on issues relating to the administration of justice, the legal system, the legal profession, human rights, the Basic Law and the law of
221:
2527:
reports covering subjects as diverse as commercial arbitration, data protection, divorce, sale of goods and supply of services, insolvency, fraud and statutory interpretation. The recommendations in many of its reports have been implemented, either in whole or in part. It is currently considering references on privacy, guardianship and custody, domicile,
1693:, especially the law of judicial review. This applies both to the procedure and grounds of judicial review, though there is some divergence in various areas. Some aspects of administrative law, for example administrative tribunals, were originally modelled on their counterparts in England and Wales but have not been systematically reformed for decades.
506:
2645:
Legal aid is available for civil proceedings in the
District Court, the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal (both part of the High Court), and the Court of Final Appeal. It also covers proceedings in some tribunals and certain Coroner's Court cases. An applicant must satisfy both a 'means
2317:
Under the Basic Law, the HKSAR has a high degree of autonomy in external affairs. With the authority of the
Central People's Government where necessary, it has concluded more than a hundred bilateral agreements with other jurisdictions. In addition, over 200 multilateral international conventions are
2091:
of local companies; the registration of oversea companies; the registration of documents required to be submitted by registered companies; the deregistration of defunct, solvent private companies; the prosecution of companies and their officers for breaches of the various regulatory provisions of the
1761:
Currently, twelve PRC laws apply in the HKSAR. These national laws apply in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong legislature legislating on the same matter: for example, the Law of the People's
Republic of China on the National Flag, a Chinese statute, takes effect in Hong Kong in form of the National Flag and
1843:
has commented that this ruling leads the court "to tend to focus on the totality of the circumstances and conduct that give rise to unfairness in the bargaining process rather than the meaning and effect of the term alone". In this case, the beauty centre issued terms which stated the full cost of a
1959:
The paramount consideration for the court is always the welfare (or "best interests") of the child; this is known as the
Welfare Principle (see section 3 of Cap 13). In determining the best interests of the child, the court will generally have regard to the Welfare Checklist, i.e. the ascertainable
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whose financial resources are above the upper eligibility limit for legal aid (i.e. $ 155,800) but do not exceed $ 432,900. It covers cases involving personal injury or death, as well as medical, dental or legal professional negligence, where the claim for damages is likely to exceed $ 60,000. The
2208:
The Legal
Advisory and Conveyancing Office (LACO, 法律諮詢及田土轉易處) is part of the Lands Department. It provides legal advice primarily to the Lands Administration Office of the Lands Department and other government departments on land related matters and ordinances. LACO is responsible for drafting and
2583:
While foreign law firms face much less strict regulations than they would in the People's
Republic of China due to the "one country, two systems" rule, they have seen increasing competition from local firms as PRC firms have become more sophisticated. According to Asia Law & Business, the top
2221:
Incorporated for the purchase of accommodation for welfare purposes in private developments. It handles applications for the apportionment of premium and government rents under the Government Rent and Premium (Apportionment) Ordinance. In addition, it is responsible for the recovery of arrears of
2654:
Legal aid is available for committal proceedings in the Magistrates' Courts; cases tried in the District Court and the Court of First Instance of the High Court; and appeals from the Magistrates' Courts, and to the Court of Appeal of the High Court or the Court of Final Appeal. An applicant must
2526:
The Law Reform Commission considers and reports on such topics as may be referred to it by the Secretary for Justice or the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of the HKSAR. Its membership includes academics, practising lawyers and prominent community members. The commission has published
2240:
policy, law and acquisition and public education on intellectual property protection. It provides expert policy advice to the Commerce, Industry and Technology Bureau and legal advice to other government departments on intellectual property. It comments on draft intellectual property bills. It
1742:
can add or delete what it chooses. However, this may only be in the fields of "defence and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the limits of the autonomy of the Region as specified by this Law". It also has a derogation, in a war situation, for a state of emergency to be declared.
2572:, Hong Kong's legal profession was open to foreign law firms allowing foreign firms to establish a much earlier foothold in Hong Kong than in the People's Republic of China. Only on 1 July 1992, in contrast, did the PRC government open her legal services market to foreign law firms when the
2698:
rosters barristers and solicitors in private practice to appear in the Magistrates and Juvenile Courts on a remunerated basis. The scheme provides representation to all juveniles (defendants under 16) and to most adult defendants charged in the Magistrates' Courts who cannot afford private
1770:. Laws have been passed to ensure the human rights protected in the Basic Law and the Bill of Rights, such as the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Disability Discrimination Ordinance, Family Status Discrimination Ordinance, Sex Discrimination Ordinance and Race Discrimination Ordinance.
2092:
Companies Ordinance; the provision of facilities to inspect and obtain company information; and advising the Government on policy and legislative issues regarding company law and related legislation, including the Overall Review of the Companies Ordinance.
2330:, etc. As part of the delegation of the People's Republic of China, representatives of the HKSAR Government participate in activities of the Hague Conference, as well as of other international organisations and conferences limited to states, such as the
1838:
38/2002, it was held that, in determining whether a contract is unconscionable for the purposes of section 5 of the UCO, the court must have regard to "all circumstances" relevant to that issue, as well as the factors listed in section 6(1). The
2510:
advises the Government on issues relating to public international law. Lawyers in this division also participate in the negotiation of agreements with other jurisdictions and handle requests to and from the HKSAR for international legal
1729:
the common law, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law shall be maintained, except for any that contravene this Law, and subject to any amendment by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
1765:
The Basic Law contains provisions that offer protection for human rights. Any laws that contravene the Basic Law are unconstitutional and are of no effect. Hong Kong has a Bill of Rights Ordinance which is the local adaptation of the
416:
3270:" published by the Hong Kong Family Law Association, includes summary of Hong Kong family law principles, a guide to the recent case law and relevant statutes, and a glossary of relevant terms related to the Hong Kong family law.
2199:
and provides facilities for search of the Land Register and related records by the public and government departments. It has responsibility for the registration of owners corporations under the Building Management Ordinance.
1670:. The Basic Law sets out the status of Hong Kong as a Special Administrative Region of the PRC, the one country, two systems principle, the political structure of Hong Kong, and the rights of duties of Hong Kong residents.
1844:
treatment would be forfeited if an appointment was cancelled. The court held that "loss" was limited to "loss of profit" and therefore the total treatment cost could not be treated as a genuine pre-estimate of loss.
1430:
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The law in relation to unfair contract clauses is embodied in the Unconscionable Contracts Ordinance (UCO), Cap 458. Section 6(1) lists a number of factors which may be relevant to a consideration of "
2318:
applicable to the HKSAR. Using the name "Hong Kong, China", the HKSAR also participates on its own as a full member in international organisations and conferences not limited to states, e.g. the
1725:
The Hong Kong Basic Law contains the essentials of the constitutional framework in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Article 8 stipulates that all laws in force before 1997, including
2378:
It is fundamental to Hong Kong's legal system that members of the judiciary are independent of the executive and legislative branches of government. The courts of justice in Hong Kong are the
1612:
Some National Laws on foreign affairs and the national flag apply directly in Hong Kong by virtue of stipulations in Article 18 and Annex III of the Basic Law. The imposition of the National
1924:" HKCFA 70; 6 HKC 528). They are also required to consider the following non-exhaustive list of factors (see section 7(1) of the Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Ordinance (Cap 192).
3663:
1912:
Hong Kong does not have a statutory matrimonial property regime. There is no system of "community of property" and property rights are not in principle affected by marriage. Instead, the
3577:
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after 1997; and PRC laws listed in Annex III to the Basic Law and applied by way of promulgation or legislation; common law and equity; subordinate legislation; customary law.
1435:
1586:’ was enshrined in Article 5 of the Basic Law until at least 2047, which contrasts the ‘socialist system and policies’ and ‘the previous capitalist system and way of life’.
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and for maintaining an up-to-date version of those laws in the Bilingual Laws Information System, a computer database which is available free to the public on the Internet.
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1651:" principle, under which Hong Kong's previous capitalist system and way of life, including the legal system, would remain unchanged for a period of 50 years until 2047.
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Three programmes of legal assistance, jointly administered by the Law Society and the Bar Association of Hong Kong, are subvented by the Government. The
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2826:. Chen, Hongyi, 1957-, Zhang, Zengping, Chan, Man-mun, Johannes, Li, Xuejing, 陳弘毅, 1957-, 張增平 (Di san ban ed.). Xianggang. 8 September 2015.
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Incorporated for the extension of non-renewable leases, the Government Property Agency for the sale and purchase of government properties and the
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companies ordered to be wound up by the court under the winding-up provisions of the Companies Ordinance and of individuals or partners declared
2087:) is responsible for administering and enforcing the Companies Ordinance and several other related ordinances. Its primary functions include the
1603:
in Hong Kong are usually known as ‘Ordinances’, instead of ‘Acts’. The published, consolidated copies of Ordinances are given chapter numbers in
1528:
4364:
3592:
3552:
3507:
2953:
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3292:"Interpretation of Bilingual Legislation – A Paper Discussing Cases Where the Two Language Texts of an Enactment are Alleged to be Different"
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In Hong Kong, the legal profession consists of both solicitors and barristers. As of 31 December 2015, there were at least 8,647 practising
4635:
886:
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1662:, came into effect in 1997, becoming the constitutional document in Hong Kong. The law was passed in accordance with Article 31 of the
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The Basic Law provides that the common law system shall be maintained. Some commentators described the theoretically hybrid system of
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with violence may apply to a judge for granting of legal aid, and exemption from the means test and from payment of contribution.
2473:, drafts commercial contracts and franchises and conducts civil litigation, arbitration and mediation on behalf of the Government.
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1647:, the UK and the PRC mutually agreed that Hong Kong would be returned to China after 1997. Hong Kong would be governed by the "
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and is the Government's chief legal adviser. He has ultimate responsibility for the prosecution of all offences in the HKSAR.
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The Department of Justice (DOJ) It consists of five professional divisions responsible for legal work. It is headed by the
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after 1 July 2007. Eligible persons are provided with legal representation depending on their financial circumstances.
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and common law as unique, although there are similar arrangements all over the world. Other commentators point to the
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INADEQUACY AND INEFFECTUALITY: HONG KONG'S CONSUMER PROTECTION REGIME AGAINST UNFAIR TERMS IN STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS
2929:
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2462:, which provides research and secretarial support to The Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong, is within the division.
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has been authorized by a National People's Congress Decision which, in a practical sense, overrides the Basic Law.
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Family law in Hong Kong is heavily modelled on its counterpart in England and Wales with important modifications.
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scheme also covers claims under the Employees' Compensation Ordinance irrespective of the amount of the claim.
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issued the Provisional Regulation of Establishment of Offices by Foreign Law Firms regulation. Thus all of the
2443:
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2561:, plus some 77 foreign law firms, 1,299 registered foreign lawyers. And there were at least 1,378 practising
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Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service
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have very broad discretion to make a range of financial orders upon a decree of divorce pursuant to the "
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2596:. Chinese firms have seen rapid growth in Hong Kong in the past several years after reunification.
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government rents other than rents under the Government Rent (Assessment and Collection) Ordinance.
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have broad jurisdiction to deal with the welfare of children under the provisions of the "
8:
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1750:; legislation in force before 1 July 1997 that was adopted as laws of the HKSAR by the
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do not apply, except for a specific list in Annex III to the Basic Law, to which the
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1628:. Under British rule, the constitutional documents that governed Hong Kong were the
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1555:. There are several sources of law, the primary ones being statutes enacted by the
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is responsible for drafting all legislation, including subsidiary legislation, in
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Hong Kong's legal system was developed under British governance, based on the
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Lo, Stefan H. C.; Cheng, Kevin Kwok-yin; Chui, Wing Hong (19 December 2019).
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law firms as well as major U.S. law firms have large presences in Hong Kong.
2106:) is responsible for the proper and orderly administration of the estates of
1762:
National Emblem Ordinance, a local statute enacted by the local legislature.
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The legal bodies governing the conduct of solicitors and barristers are the
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to deal with divorce, separation and nullity of marriage is set out in the "
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and has, practically, constitutional status in Hong Kong. The principle of ‘
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Administrative law in Hong Kong is heavily modelled on its counterpart in
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Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council
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3027:(1st ed.). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Family Law Association. p. 14.
3010:(1st ed.). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Family Law Association. p. 13.
2990:(1st ed.). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Family Law Association. p. 11.
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2195:) administers the Land Registration Ordinance governing the system of
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The Director of Legal Aid is responsible for the administration of
2607:, respectively. There are currently three law schools offering the
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When appointed by the court and creditors, the Official Receiver (
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2488:, and assists in steering legislation through the Executive and
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3276:- Resources, Articles, News, Discussions & Legal Directory
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Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
16:
Judicial system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
3273:
3243:
4014:
2974:, 2014 HKLJ volume 44, part 1, pp 83-93, accessed 8 May 2024
4752:
4722:
1962:
H v N [2012] 5 HKLRD 498; [2012] HKCFI 1533
812:
3139:
The Internationalization of China's Legal Services Market
2549:
Law Society of Hong Kong § Profile of the profession
2203:
1734:
Article 18 states, further, that national laws, from the
1570:
in 1997, the constitutional framework is provided by the
417:
Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR
220:
3257:- University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives
3222:
1950:
Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Ordinance (Cap 192)
1918:
Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Ordinance (Cap 192)
3260:
3251:-University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives
3089:"Bar List (Junior Counsel) - Hong Kong Bar Association"
3064:"Bar List (Senior Counsel) - Hong Kong Bar Association"
1746:
Hence, the laws in force are in hierarchical order are
1636:, and judicial cases were generally appealable to the
571:
Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency
3289:
1978:
Separation and Maintenance Orders Ordinance (Cap 16)
1942:
Separation and Maintenance Orders Ordinance (Cap 16)
1768:
International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights
1752:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1740:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2683:
2225:
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2515:
1614:Law on Safeguarding National Security in the HKSAR
1545:law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
941:Office of the Government Chief Information Officer
593:Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
2675:This scheme provides legal representation to the
2670:
4772:
2875:Yi guo liang zhi xia Xianggang de fa zhi tan suo
1431:Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing
2872:
2622:
2492:. It also has editorial responsibility for the
809:Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas)
2920:(Lawyer), Thomson, Stephen (11 October 2018).
2877:(Chu ban, zeng ding ban ed.). Xianggang.
2539:in criminal proceedings and conditional fees.
2421:
1597:tradition instead of the civil law tradition.
1563:made by decisions of the courts of Hong Kong.
4030:
3742:
3728:
3321:
3261:Hong Kong Legal Information Institute (HKLII)
2685:
2624:
2517:
2423:
2352:
2312:
2253:. It is also responsible for registration of
2231:
2190:
2114:by the court under the Bankruptcy Ordinance.
2101:
2095:
2082:
1553:former British colony and dependent territory
1522:
1448:Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office
851:Electrical and Mechanical Services Department
2759:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1773:
1619:
841:Civil Engineering and Development Department
2956:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2752:
2469:provides legal advice to the Government on
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4037:
4023:
3735:
3721:
3328:
3314:
3159:"Mayer Brown merging with Hong Kong's JSM"
3024:Duxbury Etc, Hong Kong Family Court Tables
3007:Duxbury Etc, Hong Kong Family Court Tables
2987:Duxbury Etc, Hong Kong Family Court Tables
2952:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2905:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2854:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1954:PD v KWW (Joint Custody, Care and Control)
1832:Shum Kit Ching v Caesar Beauty Centre Ltd.
1529:
1515:
1009:List of Members of the Legislative Council
927:Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau
878:Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau
516:Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau
2340:International Civil Aviation Organization
1987:
1938:Guardianship of Minors Ordinance (Cap 13)
598:Food and Environmental Hygiene Department
204:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
3263:- a project of China IT & Law Centre
2919:
2366:
2336:World Intellectual Property Organization
2039:
1666:, which authorized the establishment of
778:Commerce and Economic Development Bureau
546:Leisure and Cultural Services Department
4390:Special administrative regions of China
2584:foreign Hong Kong law firm of 2007 was
2542:
2350:
1658:, which is a law passed by the Chinese
1638:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
568:University Grants Committee Secretariat
4773:
3020:
3003:
2983:
2570:transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong
2230:The Intellectual Property Department (
2204:Legal Advisory and Conveyancing Office
1982:Matrimonial Causes Ordinance (Cap 179)
1946:Matrimonial Causes Ordinance (Cap 179)
795:Office of the Communications Authority
4018:
3716:
3309:
3156:
2719:Law of the People's Republic of China
2076:
1696:
1678:
1609:and in the official online database.
3988:Legal services in the United Kingdom
3301:– via Hong Kong e-Legislation.
3274:Comprehensive Hong Kong Law Resource
2818:
2816:
2814:
2276:
2174:
2116:
2003:
1863:
1787:
946:Innovation and Technology Commission
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
3255:Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online
2873:Chen, Hongyi; 陳弘毅 (30 April 2014).
2418:and the Obscene Articles Tribunal.
1907:
1394:Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office
1338:List of constituencies of Hong Kong
588:Environmental Protection Department
13:
3280:The Sino-British Joint Declaration
3244:Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong
2611:, required for starting work as a
1399:Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations
688:Hong Kong Fire Services Department
537:Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau
529:Offices in the Mainland and Taiwan
14:
4802:
3249:Basic Law Drafting History Online
3212:
3157:Kwong, Robin (21 December 2007).
2811:
2789:"Basic Law Full Text - annex (3)"
2686:
2649:
2625:
2592:) while the top PRC law firm was
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2460:Law Reform Commission Secretariat
2434:Department of Justice (Hong Kong)
2424:
2353:
2328:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
2232:
2191:
2102:
2083:
1404:Hong Kong–United States relations
1293:Registration and Electoral Office
831:Architectural Services Department
525:Registration and Electoral Office
34:This article has multiple issues.
3696:
3687:
3686:
2609:Postgraduate Certificate in Laws
2280:
2236:) serves as the focal point for
2226:Intellectual Property Department
2120:
2064:Partnership taxation (Hong Kong)
2007:
1927:
1867:
1791:
1756:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
1721:Internet censorship in Hong Kong
1557:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
1497:
1089:President of the Court of Appeal
887:Census and Statistics Department
786:Intellectual Property Department
377:Internet censorship in Hong Kong
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2734:Hong Kong national security law
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1994:Criminal procedure in Hong Kong
1860:Capital punishment in Hong Kong
1847:
1784:Hong Kong unjust enrichment law
1551:system, inherited from being a
1409:Hong Kong–Philippines relations
1325:Election Committee Constituency
1106:Chief District Judge: Justin Ko
916:Rating and Valuation Department
897:Government Logistics Department
693:Hong Kong Correctional Services
647:Information Services Department
339:Capital punishment in Hong Kong
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
4385:Sino-British Joint Declaration
4222:Country parks and conservation
3654:British Indian Ocean Territory
3290:Law Drafting Division (1998).
3039:"The Law Society of Hong Kong"
3014:
2977:
2964:
2913:
2866:
2781:
2746:
2671:Supplementary Legal Aid Scheme
2640:
1673:
1668:Special Administrative Regions
1645:Sino-British Joint Declaration
1388:Consular missions in Hong Kong
1120:Special courts and tribunals:
727:Transport and Logistics Bureau
579:Environment and Ecology Bureau
321:Sino–British Joint Declaration
1:
4044:
3268:Hong Kong Family Court Tables
3219:The Legal System in Hong Kong
2739:
2152:
1899:
1414:Hong Kong–Singapore relations
971:Political Appointments System
805:Trade and Industry Department
698:Customs and Excise Department
633:Home and Youth Affairs Bureau
412:Office of the Chief Executive
1709:Judicial review in Hong Kong
1685:Judicial review in Hong Kong
1288:Electoral Affairs Commission
1116:Chief Magistrate: So Wai-tak
846:Drainage Services Department
358:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
7:
4005:United Kingdom law category
3120:. Hong Kong Bar Association
2702:
2594:King & Wood PRC Lawyers
2586:Johnson Stokes & Master
2414:, the Labour Tribunal, the
2402:), the Lands Tribunal, the
2332:International Monetary Fund
2241:operates the registries of
1956:" 4 HKLRD 191; HKCA 172.
1315:Geographical Constituencies
10:
4807:
3869:English administrative law
3234:Full text of the Basic Law
3204:. The Duty Lawyer Service.
2756:The Hong Kong Legal System
2709:Legal systems of the world
2546:
2508:International Law Division
2431:
2360:
2324:World Customs Organization
2313:International co-operation
2219:Secretary for Home Affairs
2178:
2167:
2156:
2096:Official Receiver's Office
2061:
2043:
1997:
1991:
1967:
1857:
1851:
1841:Hong Kong Consumer Council
1777:
1736:People's Republic of China
1706:
1700:
1682:
1660:National People's Congress
1580:People's Republic of China
1547:has its foundation in the
1442:Hong Kong–Taiwan relations
1331:District council elections
1298:Chief Executive Elections
1140:Market Misconduct Tribunal
912:Official Receiver's Office
902:Government Property Agency
813:Radio Television Hong Kong
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4398:
4285:
4172:
4070:
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4001:
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3758:Parliamentary sovereignty
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3744:Law of the United Kingdom
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3641:
3601:
3343:
2765:10.1017/9781108634687.001
2684:The Duty Lawyer Service (
2605:Hong Kong Bar Association
2442:, who is a member of the
2181:Land Registry (Hong Kong)
1774:Contracts and obligations
1713:Human rights in Hong Kong
1620:History and the Basic Law
1420:Hong Kong–China relations
1320:Functional Constituencies
1145:Obscene Articles Tribunal
907:Inland Revenue Department
869:Water Supplies Department
741:Civil Aviation Department
718:Auxiliary Medical Service
708:Government Flying Service
665:Social Welfare Department
656:Labour and Welfare Bureau
175:This article needs to be
4606:Cheung Chau Bun Festival
4370:One country, two systems
4262:Public parks and gardens
4207:Buildings and structures
4182:Administrative divisions
3403:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3183:ALB Hong Kong Law Awards
2601:Law Society of Hong Kong
2320:World Trade Organization
2267:Hong Kong trade mark law
2081:The Companies Registry (
2068:Inland Revenue Ordinance
2050:Hong Kong insolvency law
2000:Jury system in Hong Kong
1972:The jurisdiction of the
1717:LGBT rights in Hong Kong
1649:one country, two systems
1584:one country, two systems
1426:Hong Kong Liaison Office
372:LGBT rights in Hong Kong
316:One country, two systems
279:(national security laws)
3896:English civil procedure
3773:Law of Northern Ireland
3664:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3229:Hong Kong e-Legislation
2516:Law Reform Commission (
2422:Department of Justice (
2392:Court of First Instance
2272:Patent law in Hong Kong
2262:Hong Kong copyright law
2058:Partnership (Hong Kong)
1748:The Hong Kong Basic Law
1372:Hong Kong identity card
1095:Court of First Instance
957:Hong Kong Civil Service
642:Home Affairs Department
4786:Judiciary of Hong Kong
4418:Food and Health Bureau
4242:Islands and peninsulas
3912:British Virgin Islands
2714:Judiciary of Hong Kong
2623:Legal Aid Department (
2375:
2363:Judiciary of Hong Kong
2170:Hong Kong property law
1988:Procedure and evidence
1854:Hong Kong criminal law
1754:; laws enacted by the
1732:
1574:, which is a piece of
966:Administrative Officer
703:Immigration Department
683:Hong Kong Police Force
485:Government Secretariat
272:Consultative Committee
4791:Politics of Hong Kong
4641:Hong Kong nationalism
4626:Heritage conservation
4149:Handover of Hong Kong
3223:Department of Justice
3021:Marwah, Azan (2019).
3004:Marwah, Azan (2019).
2984:Marwah, Azan (2019).
2858:) CS1 maint: others (
2724:Legal system of Macao
2501:Prosecutions Division
2478:Law Drafting Division
2452:Legal Policy Division
2440:Secretary for Justice
2416:Small Claims Tribunal
2380:Court of Final Appeal
2373:Court of Final Appeal
2370:
2238:intellectual property
2062:Further information:
2046:Hong Kong company law
2040:Business associations
1998:Further information:
1858:Further information:
1727:
1707:Further information:
1309:Legislative elections
1150:Small Claims Tribunal
1055:Court of Final Appeal
607:Government Laboratory
603:Hong Kong Observatory
453:Secretary for Justice
3878:English criminal law
3846:English contract law
3578:United Arab Emirates
3202:"Annual Report 2018"
3114:"Counsel's Chambers"
2824:Xianggang fa gai lun
2543:The legal profession
2490:Legislative Councils
2398:(which includes the
2386:(which includes the
2159:Hong Kong labour law
1830:In a 2003 ruling on
1664:Chinese Constitution
1504:Hong Kong portal
836:Buildings Department
736:Transport Department
624:Department of Health
498:Civil Service Bureau
84:improve this article
4355:Legislative Council
4257:Mountains and peaks
4119:Japanese occupation
4114:Battle of Hong Kong
3605:limited recognition
3221:from the Hong Kong
3043:www.hklawsoc.org.hk
2793:www.basiclaw.gov.hk
2729:Hong Kong Basic Law
2635:Home Affairs Bureau
2574:Ministry of Justice
2529:privity of contract
2406:(which include the
2215:Financial Secretary
1703:Hong Kong Basic Law
1656:Hong Kong Basic Law
1601:Primary legislation
1572:Hong Kong Basic Law
1178:Central and Western
991:Legislative Council
865:Planning Department
746:Highways Department
489:Government agencies
444:Financial Secretary
426:Principal officials
3887:English family law
3763:Constitutional law
3285:Basic Law Bulletin
3239:Government Gazette
3188:2008-02-24 at the
2799:on 1 December 2017
2696:Duty Lawyer Scheme
2568:Even prior to the
2533:advance directives
2404:Magistrates' Court
2376:
2292:. You can help by
2257:licensing bodies.
2132:. You can help by
2077:Companies Registry
2019:. You can help by
1879:. You can help by
1803:. You can help by
1780:Hong Kong tort law
1697:Constitutional law
1679:Administrative law
1634:Royal Instructions
1626:English common law
1549:English common law
1350:Universal suffrage
1303:Election Committee
1111:Magistrates' Court
1030:Pro-democracy camp
892:Companies Registry
822:Development Bureau
769:Housing Department
551:Tourism Commission
344:Criminal procedure
267:Drafting Committee
99:"Law of Hong Kong"
4768:
4767:
4375:Political parties
4330:Foreign relations
4062:Index of articles
4012:
4011:
3993:British penal law
3710:
3709:
3647:other territories
2884:978-988-8263-75-2
2833:978-962-04-3728-1
2774:978-1-108-63468-7
2613:trainee solicitor
2565:in 135 chambers.
2494:Laws of Hong Kong
2444:Executive Council
2310:
2309:
2197:land registration
2175:The Land Registry
2150:
2149:
2072:Banking Ordinance
2054:Hong Kong tax law
2037:
2036:
1897:
1896:
1825:unconscionability
1821:
1820:
1691:England and Wales
1606:Laws of Hong Kong
1539:
1538:
1364:Foreign relations
1344:Political parties
1173:District Councils
1168:District Officers
936:Efficiency Office
751:Marine Department
713:Civil Aid Service
466:Executive Council
214:
213:
206:
196:
195:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
4798:
4781:Law of Hong Kong
4656:Lion Rock Spirit
4631:Hong Kong orchid
4459:
4232:Land reclamation
4217:Cities and towns
4039:
4032:
4025:
4016:
4015:
3972:English case law
3855:English land law
3837:English tort law
3737:
3730:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3700:
3690:
3689:
3659:Christmas Island
3345:Sovereign states
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2795:. Archived from
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2426:
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2235:
2234:
2213:services to the
2194:
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2145:
2142:
2124:
2117:
2105:
2104:
2086:
2085:
2032:
2029:
2011:
2004:
1908:Ancillary relief
1892:
1889:
1871:
1864:
1816:
1813:
1795:
1788:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1025:Pro-Beijing camp
1017:Political camps:
856:Lands Department
790:Invest Hong Kong
560:Education Bureau
243:
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4797:
4796:
4795:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4713:Public holidays
4577:
4573:Sex trafficking
4551:
4498:
4457:
4432:
4400:Public services
4394:
4305:Chief Executive
4295:National anthem
4281:
4168:
4066:
4048:
4043:
4013:
4008:
3997:
3976:
3957:Anglo-Saxon law
3905:Related systems
3900:
3826:Parallel fields
3821:
3817:Retained EU law
3802:Competition law
3788:Civil liberties
3746:
3741:
3711:
3706:
3678:
3646:
3637:
3618:Northern Cyprus
3604:
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2590:Mayer Brown JSM
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2436:
2430:
2412:Coroner's Court
2388:Court of Appeal
2365:
2359:
2351:The judiciary (
2348:
2315:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2290:needs expansion
2228:
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2146:
2140:
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2130:needs expansion
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2044:Main articles:
2042:
2033:
2027:
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2017:needs expansion
2002:
1996:
1990:
1970:
1930:
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1130:Labour Tribunal
1125:Coroner’s Court
1085:Court of Appeal
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674:Security Bureau
435:Chief Secretary
399:Chief Executive
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2128:This section
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2089:incorporation
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2018:
2015:This section
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1979:
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1974:family courts
1965:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
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1934:family courts
1928:Child custody
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1875:This section
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1595:socialist law
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73:This article
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41:
40:
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4696:Demographics
4591:Architecture
4568:Prostitution
4350:Legal system
4349:
4340:Independence
4252:Marine parks
4003:
3931:
3833:Scots delict
3668:
3643:Dependencies
3573:Turkmenistan
3538:Saudi Arabia
3337:Law of Asia
3295:. Retrieved
3196:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3162:
3152:
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3122:. Retrieved
3118:www.hkba.org
3117:
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3068:www.hkba.org
3067:
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3042:
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2797:the original
2792:
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2582:
2578:Magic Circle
2567:
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2400:Family Court
2377:
2346:Institutions
2316:
2301:January 2010
2298:
2294:adding to it
2289:
2229:
2211:conveyancing
2207:
2184:
2164:Property law
2141:January 2010
2138:
2134:adding to it
2129:
2099:
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2028:January 2010
2025:
2021:adding to it
2016:
1971:
1958:
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1903:
1888:January 2010
1885:
1881:adding to it
1876:
1848:Criminal law
1831:
1829:
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1812:January 2010
1809:
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1800:
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1386:
1382:BNO Passport
1329:
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1253:Wong Tai Sin
1223:Sham Shui Po
1193:Kowloon City
1119:
1109:
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1068:
1004:Andrew Leung
363:Human rights
330:Criminal law
250:
200:
184:
176:
146:
140:October 2013
137:
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106:
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82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
4748:Anglosphere
4360:LGBT rights
4102:1800s–1930s
4080:Prehistoric
3947:New Zealand
3768:English law
3702:Asia portal
3603:States with
3523:Philippines
3463:South Korea
3458:North Korea
3353:Afghanistan
3297:23 December
2970:Mason, L.,
2641:Civil cases
2243:trade marks
1980:" and the "
1948:" and the "
1674:Legal areas
1640:in the UK.
1080:Jeremy Poon
1076:Chief Judge
985:Legislature
800:Post Office
353:Jury system
4775:Categories
4758:Sinosphere
4743:Visual art
4738:Television
4661:Literature
4464:Employment
4458:(currency)
4423:Healthcare
4335:Government
4267:Reservoirs
3962:Common law
3807:Labour law
3583:Uzbekistan
3558:Tajikistan
3473:Kyrgyzstan
3453:Kazakhstan
3373:Bangladesh
3363:Azerbaijan
2940:1025360202
2740:References
2563:barristers
2555:solicitors
2547:See also:
2384:High Court
2153:Labour law
1900:Family law
1778:See also:
1566:Since the
1368:Documents
1198:Kwai Tsing
1070:High Court
474:Convenor:
311:Article 69
306:Article 46
301:Article 45
277:Article 23
236:government
110:newspapers
39:improve it
4686:Ngai jong
4646:Languages
4504:Transport
4489:The Hongs
4451:Companies
4408:Education
4345:Judiciary
4315:Elections
4310:Districts
4300:Basic Law
4174:Geography
4046:Hong Kong
3932:Hong Kong
3917:Australia
3783:Welsh law
3778:Scots law
3669:Hong Kong
3623:Palestine
3548:Sri Lanka
3543:Singapore
3423:Indonesia
2948:cite book
2901:cite book
2893:880666808
2850:cite book
2842:930832628
2559:law firms
2471:civil law
2255:copyright
2108:insolvent
1591:civil law
1485:Geography
1480:Education
1283:Elections
1263:Yuen Long
1238:Tsuen Wan
1203:Kwun Tong
1163:Districts
1050:Judiciary
1000:President
476:Regina Ip
448:Paul Chan
439:Eric Chan
392:Executive
258:Basic Law
242:Hong Kong
187:June 2020
45:talk page
4728:Shopping
4718:Religion
4621:Graffiti
4616:Gambling
4512:Airlines
4380:Protests
4365:Military
4287:Politics
4277:Villages
4237:Harbours
4212:Channels
3981:See also
3692:Category
3613:Abkhazia
3563:Thailand
3518:Pakistan
3498:Mongolia
3493:Maldives
3488:Malaysia
3388:Cambodia
3186:Archived
3142:Archived
2703:See also
2603:and the
2390:and the
2338:and the
2112:bankrupt
1944:", the "
1940:", the "
1922:LKW v DD
1632:and the
1568:handover
1561:case law
1248:Wan Chai
1243:Tuen Mun
1228:Southern
1213:Sai Kung
919:Treasury
457:Paul Lam
403:John Lee
292:2024 law
287:2020 law
230:Politics
4676:Museums
4611:Cuisine
4583:Culture
4556:Society
4532:Ferries
4527:Cycling
4517:Airport
4494:Tourism
4469:Hawkers
4456:Dollar
4438:Economy
4227:Ecology
4202:Beaches
4072:History
4057:Outline
3942:Ireland
3793:Company
3588:Vietnam
3503:Myanmar
3483:Lebanon
3413:Georgia
3368:Bahrain
3358:Armenia
3225:(2004).
3168:9 April
3124:9 April
3098:9 April
3073:9 April
3048:9 April
2803:9 April
2661:treason
2537:hearsay
2519:法律改革委員會
2486:English
2482:Chinese
2458:. The
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2394:), the
2251:designs
2247:patents
1968:Divorce
1730:Region.
1578:of the
1490:History
1475:Economy
1470:Culture
1218:Sha Tin
1188:Islands
1183:Eastern
177:updated
124:scholar
4691:People
4666:McDull
4601:Comics
4596:Cinema
4428:Police
4320:Emblem
4272:Rivers
3967:Equity
3922:Canada
3860:Trusts
3633:Taiwan
3568:Turkey
3533:Russia
3468:Kuwait
3448:Jordan
3438:Israel
3398:Cyprus
3383:Brunei
3378:Bhutan
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4701:Women
4681:Music
4671:Media
4563:Crime
4547:Taxis
4522:Buses
4446:Banks
4247:Lakes
4192:Areas
4164:2020s
4159:2010s
4154:2000s
4144:1990s
4139:1980s
4134:1970s
4129:1960s
4124:1950s
3937:India
3892:Scots
3883:Scots
3874:Scots
3865:Scots
3851:Scots
3842:Scots
3674:Macau
3593:Yemen
3553:Syria
3528:Qatar
3508:Nepal
3443:Japan
3418:India
3408:Egypt
3393:China
2663:, or
2626:法律援助署
2588:(now
2233:知識產權署
2192:土地註冊處
2103:破產管理署
2084:公司註冊處
1208:North
131:JSTOR
117:books
4753:CJKV
4723:RTHK
4651:LGBT
4542:Rail
4474:Port
4325:Flag
4197:Bays
3894:and
3885:and
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3867:and
3853:and
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3513:Oman
3478:Laos
3433:Iraq
3428:Iran
3299:2020
3170:2018
3126:2018
3100:2018
3075:2018
3050:2018
2958:link
2954:link
2936:OCLC
2926:ISBN
2907:link
2889:OCLC
2879:ISBN
2860:link
2856:link
2838:OCLC
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2805:2018
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