2234:
2223:
1152:
Schmitz, B.; Pujalte, V.; Molina, E.; Monechi, S.; Orue-Etxebarria, X.; Speijer, R. P.; Alegret, L.; Apellaniz, E.; Arenillas, I.; Aubry, M.-P.; Baceta, J.-I.; Berggren, W. A.; Bernaola, G.; Caballero, F.; Clemmensen, A.; Dinarès-Turell, J.; Dupuis, C.; Heilmann-Clausen, C.; Orús, A. H.; Knox, R.;
966:
1374:
Closing the Mid-Palaeocene gap: Toward a complete astronomically tuned
Palaeocene Epoch and Selandian and Thanetian GSSPs at Zumaia (Basque Basin, W. Pyrenees)
1155:"The global Stratotype Sections and Points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene Paleocene) stages at Zumaia, Spain"
1603:
1256:
1191:
Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Ouda, Khaled; Dupuis, Christian; William A. Berggren; John A. Van
Couvering; Working Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (2007).
946:
1471:
1596:
1443:
569:
844:
654:
587:
1100:
Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of
Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene".
719:
2267:
1589:
1193:"The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)"
1080:
777:
529:
1153:
Martín-Rubio, M.; Ortiz, S.; Payros, A.; Petrizzo, M. R.; von Salis, K.; Sprong, J.; Steurbaut, E.; Thomsen, E. (2011).
973:
The top of the
Thanetian Stage (the base of the Ypresian) is defined at a strong negative anomaly in δC values at the
2262:
974:
1007:
996:
1260:
798:
1464:
729:
17:
970:
make their first appearance at the base of the
Thanetian, and help define its lowest stratigraphic boundary.
1437:
1612:
643:
1395:
1412:
Tableau des terrains sédimentaires formés pendant les époques de la phase organique du globe terrestre
1341:
1457:
2272:
981:
1885:
1880:
1432:
1135:
1014:
985:
1053:, leaves, entire flowers and seeds are minutely preserved. Also, the first representatives of
866:
615:
1226:
1295:
1109:
855:
688:
1212:
1171:
1154:
8:
2216:
1299:
1284:"Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates"
1113:
2257:
1318:
1283:
847:
490:
1402:
1366:
Dinarès-Turell, J.; Baceta, J. I.; Bernaola, G.; Orue-Etxebarria, X. & Pujalte, V.
911:
2014:
1978:
1323:
1049:, laid down during the Thanetian Age, when Europe enjoyed a tropical climate. In the
611:
1121:
2108:
1983:
1952:
1749:
1313:
1303:
1207:
1166:
1117:
915:
1446:, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
2208:
2204:
2200:
2077:
1973:
1911:
1806:
1775:
1744:
962:
862:
306:
41:
2233:
2227:
2046:
1916:
1811:
1780:
1288:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1017:. The Thanetian is contemporary with the middle Wangerripian regional stage of
935:
1581:
1440:, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
1192:
1050:
2251:
1947:
1937:
1906:
1869:
1801:
1770:
851:
813:
800:
744:
731:
678:
399:
72:
1308:
2238:
2169:
2019:
1942:
1327:
993:
923:
1071:
This period was characterized by temperatures warmer than those of today.
2164:
2033:
2009:
1854:
1649:
1054:
907:
47:
2159:
2119:
2062:
1962:
1859:
1733:
1633:
1549:
1151:
1059:
1022:
1004:
954:
942:
707:
464:
262:
92:
57:
2222:
1046:
871:
2174:
2124:
2098:
2057:
2004:
1849:
1825:
1706:
1696:
1685:
1544:
1518:
1503:
1493:
1480:
1045:
is a fossil assemblage preserved in freshwater limestone deposits at
1026:
1018:
1000:
989:
895:
883:
859:
773:
549:
455:
418:
364:
318:
272:
97:
877:
2134:
2129:
2093:
1993:
1926:
1895:
1790:
1759:
1720:
1670:
1644:
1620:
1565:
1560:
1539:
1534:
1449:
1415:
1011:
919:
887:
608:
482:
473:
446:
437:
238:
225:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1190:
2148:
2088:
1838:
1675:
1659:
1030:
931:
388:
298:
102:
77:
941:
The base of the
Thanetian Stage is laid at the base of magnetic
2184:
2067:
1701:
1513:
1498:
950:
891:
409:
345:
958:
792:
788:
723:
1342:"AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis — IPCC"
1414:, Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles (
1242:
927:
1099:
975:
global thermal maximum at the
Paleocene-Eocene boundary
894:). The Thanetian is sometimes referred to as the Late
953:
section (43° 18'N, 2° 16'W) at the beach of
Itzurun,
1281:
1259:. p. The Paleobiology Database. Archived from
125:
980:The Thanetian Stage is coeval the lower Neustrian
2249:
1611:
961:. Fossils of the unicellular planktonic marine
586:Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the
1597:
1465:
1227:International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017
988:6 and part of zones 1 through 5.), the upper
1384:Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.
1186:
1184:
1182:
947:Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
926:, which was first identified in the area of
1145:
1141:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
1025:. It overlaps the obsolete regional stages
901:
1604:
1590:
1472:
1458:
914:in 1873. The Thanetian is named after the
593:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
1317:
1307:
1275:
1211:
1179:
1170:
1136:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"
27:Third and last age of the Paleocene Epoch
1093:
1021:and the upper Ynezian regional stage of
14:
2250:
1376:, Earth and Planetary Science Letters
583:
1585:
1453:
1479:
1444:Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene
558:
537:
519:
2203:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
882:. The Thanetian is preceded by the
24:
2207:= megaannum (millions years ago);
25:
2284:
2211:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1426:
1254:
1248:
906:The Thanetian was established by
2232:
2221:
1081:Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
1036:
45:
1213:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/003
1172:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i4/002
1122:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001
1008:South American land mammal ages
997:North American land mammal ages
1334:
1231:
1220:
1128:
1010:and the upper Nongshanian and
945:C26n. The references profile (
518:
13:
1:
1650:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1359:
1086:
1433:GeoWhen Database - Thanetian
1282:Emmanuel Gheerbrant (2009).
869:. It spans the time between
7:
2268:Thanetian first appearances
1613:Geological history of Earth
1237:Proposed by Dinarès-Turell
1102:Global and Planetary Change
1074:
772:Strong negative anomaly in
584:
220:
10:
2289:
1886:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1881:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1645:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1396:Cambridge University Press
1392:A Geologic Time Scale 2004
1066:
706:Base of magnetic polarity
2198:
2183:
2170:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
2147:
2107:
2076:
2045:
2032:
2020:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1992:
1961:
1925:
1894:
1868:
1837:
1824:
1789:
1758:
1732:
1719:
1684:
1658:
1632:
1619:
1487:
829:
783:
769:Upper boundary definition
768:
760:
714:
703:Lower boundary definition
702:
694:
684:
674:
669:
661:
649:
639:
634:
626:
621:
604:
123:
118:
37:
32:
2165:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
2010:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1855:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1707:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1697:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1257:"Mammal Paleogene zones"
1241:(2007), ratified by the
982:European land mammal age
967:Areoligeria gippingensis
902:Stratigraphic definition
886:Age and followed by the
128:
2263:Paleocene geochronology
2160:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
2125:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
2120:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
2063:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1953:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1860:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1671:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
1309:10.1073/pnas.0900251106
2130:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
2099:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
2058:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
2005:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1850:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1676:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
1015:Asian land mammal ages
211:−25 —
201:−30 —
191:−35 —
181:−40 —
171:−45 —
161:−50 —
151:−55 —
141:−60 —
131:−65 —
2135:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
2094:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
2015:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1702:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
986:Mammal Paleogene zone
2175:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
2068:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1948:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1938:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
550:permanent ice-sheets
2230: •
2219: •
2217:Geologic time scale
1979:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1943:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1912:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1807:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1776:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1438:Paleogene timescale
1300:2009PNAS..10610717G
1294:(26): 10717–10721.
1114:2005GPC....47...51Z
856:stratigraphic stage
830:Upper GSSP ratified
814:25.5000°N 32.5311°E
810: /
784:Upper boundary GSSP
761:Lower GSSP ratified
741: /
715:Lower boundary GSSP
695:Time span formality
2228:Geology portal
2089:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1984:Early (470–485 Ma)
1917:Early (393–419 Ma)
1812:Early (247–252 Ma)
1781:Early (174–201 Ma)
1750:Early (100–145 Ma)
1745:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1263:on 12 October 2012
848:Geologic timescale
787:Dababiya section,
745:43.2996°N 2.2609°W
685:Stratigraphic unit
675:Chronological unit
662:Time scale(s) used
2245:
2244:
2143:
2142:
2109:Paleoproterozoic
2028:
2027:
1974:Late (444–458 Ma)
1907:Late (359–383 Ma)
1820:
1819:
1802:Late (201–237 Ma)
1771:Late (145–164 Ma)
1715:
1714:
1636:(present–2.58 Ma)
1624:(present–66.0 Ma)
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:
890:Age (part of the
837:
836:
635:Usage information
599:
598:
579:
578:
557:
556:
536:
535:
16:(Redirected from
2280:
2239:World portal
2237:
2236:
2226:
2225:
2188:
2152:
2112:
2081:
2078:Mesoproterozoic
2050:
2043:
2042:
2038:
1997:
1966:
1930:
1899:
1873:
1842:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1794:
1763:
1737:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1689:
1663:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1490:
1489:
1481:Paleogene Period
1474:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1405:
1385:
1367:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1252:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1197:
1188:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1097:
1029:and Heersian of
1003:and part of the
916:Thanet Formation
881:
875:
825:
824:
822:
821:
820:
819:25.5000; 32.5311
815:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
756:
755:
753:
752:
751:
750:43.2996; -2.2609
746:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
718:Zumaia Section,
605:Formerly part of
574:
564:
559:
552:
548:First Antarctic
543:
538:
525:
520:
493:
485:
476:
467:
458:
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393:
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44:
30:
29:
21:
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2283:
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2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2273:Geological ages
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2231:
2220:
2212:
2194:
2186:
2179:
2150:
2139:
2110:
2103:
2079:
2072:
2048:
2047:Neoproterozoic
2037:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
2036:
2035:
2034:Proterozoic Eon
2024:
1995:
1988:
1964:
1957:
1928:
1921:
1897:
1890:
1871:
1864:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1792:
1785:
1761:
1754:
1735:
1723:
1722:
1711:
1687:
1680:
1661:
1654:
1635:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1554:
1528:
1504:Oligocene Epoch
1494:Paleocene Epoch
1483:
1478:
1429:
1401:
1383:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1280:
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1221:
1195:
1189:
1180:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1077:
1069:
1039:
963:coccolithophore
934:) known as the
922:deposit of the
912:Eugène Renevier
904:
876:
870:
818:
816:
812:
809:
804:
801:
799:
797:
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795:
749:
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728:
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600:
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2065:
2060:
2054:
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2040:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1870:Carboniferous
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1832:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
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1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1784:
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1778:
1773:
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1765:
1756:
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1753:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1688:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1662:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1627:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1586:
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1527:
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1510:
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1501:
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1484:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1428:
1427:External links
1425:
1424:
1423:
1399:
1381:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1333:
1274:
1247:
1230:
1219:
1206:(4): 271–286.
1178:
1165:(4): 220–243.
1144:
1127:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1038:
1035:
984:(it spans the
936:Isle of Thanet
903:
900:
835:
834:
831:
827:
826:
785:
781:
780:
776:values at the
770:
766:
765:
762:
758:
757:
720:Basque Country
716:
712:
711:
704:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
681:
676:
672:
671:
667:
666:
665:ICS Time Scale
663:
659:
658:
651:
650:Regional usage
647:
646:
641:
640:Celestial body
637:
636:
632:
631:
628:
627:Name formality
624:
623:
619:
618:
606:
602:
601:
597:
596:
581:
580:
577:
576:
567:
565:
555:
554:
546:
544:
534:
533:
528:
526:
517:
513:
512:
508:
507:
503:
502:
498:
497:
489:
488:
480:
479:
471:
470:
462:
461:
453:
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444:
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426:
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416:
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362:
361:
343:
342:
316:
315:
305:
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296:
295:
269:
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260:
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235:
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222:
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209:
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199:
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159:
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144:
139:
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129:
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121:
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108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:59.2 – 56.0
35:
34:
26:
18:Late Paleocene
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2285:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
2044:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1826:Paleozoic Era
1823:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:(66.0–145 Ma)
1731:
1728:
1726:
1724:(66.0–252 Ma)
1718:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1631:
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1626:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
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1588:
1587:
1584:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
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1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
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1530:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
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1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
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1482:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1422:: pp 218–252.
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1380:: pp 450–467.
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1343:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1262:
1258:
1255:Alroy, John.
1251:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
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1148:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Sézanne flora
1037:Palaeontology
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
971:
969:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
918:, the oldest
917:
913:
909:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
879:
873:
868:
864:
861:
857:
854:or uppermost
853:
850:, the latest
849:
846:
842:
832:
828:
823:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:
687:
683:
680:
677:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:
642:
638:
633:
629:
625:
620:
617:
613:
610:
607:
603:
591:
590:, as of 2021.
589:
582:
573:
566:
561:
560:
551:
545:
540:
539:
531:
527:
522:
521:
494:
484:
475:
466:
457:
448:
439:
430:
420:
411:
403:
394:
382:
357:
336:
312:
301:
300:
291:
290:
265:
264:
255:
254:
230:
229:
127:
122:
117:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
36:
31:
19:
2213:
2149:Archean Eon
2111:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1996:(485–539 Ma)
1965:(444–485 Ma)
1929:(419–444 Ma)
1898:(359–419 Ma)
1872:(299–359 Ma)
1841:(252–299 Ma)
1829:(252–539 Ma)
1793:(201–252 Ma)
1762:(145–201 Ma)
1721:Mesozoic Era
1621:Cenozoic Era
1523:
1499:Eocene Epoch
1419:
1411:
1407:
1403:Renevier, E.
1391:
1387:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1345:. Retrieved
1336:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:the original
1250:
1238:
1233:
1222:
1203:
1199:
1162:
1158:
1147:
1130:
1108:(1): 51–66.
1105:
1101:
1095:
1070:
1058:
1042:
1040:
994:Clarkforkian
979:
972:
965:
949:) is in the
940:
924:London Basin
905:
840:
838:
585:
428:
297:
271:
261:
237:
224:
2185:Hadean Eon
1963:Ordovician
1734:Cretaceous
1634:Quaternary
1055:Proboscidea
1051:lagerstätte
957:, northern
843:is, in the
817: /
748: /
401:Maastricht.
2252:Categories
2187:(4–4.6 Ga)
2151:(2.5–4 Ga)
2080:(1–1.6 Ga)
1686:Paleogene
1550:Priabonian
1360:Literature
1087:References
1060:Eritherium
1057:appeared,
1023:California
1005:Itaboraian
955:Pais Vasco
943:chronozone
930:(southern
910:geologist
805:32°31′52″E
802:25°30′00″N
733:43°17′59″N
708:chronozone
670:Definition
572:extinction
492:Aquitanian
465:Priabonian
119:Chronology
2258:Thanetian
2214:See also:
1994:Cambrian
1927:Silurian
1896:Devonian
1791:Triassic
1760:Jurassic
1545:Bartonian
1524:Thanetian
1519:Selandian
1347:24 August
1027:Landenian
1019:Australia
1001:Riochican
990:Tiffanian
896:Paleocene
884:Selandian
860:Paleocene
841:Thanetian
736:2°15′39″W
622:Etymology
570:K-Pg mass
456:Bartonian
429:Thanetian
419:Selandian
33:Thanetian
1839:Permian
1660:Neogene
1566:Chattian
1561:Rupelian
1540:Lutetian
1535:Ypresian
1416:Lausanne
1328:19549873
1200:Episodes
1159:Episodes
1075:See also
1012:Gashatan
920:Cenozoic
888:Ypresian
653:Global (
609:Tertiary
483:Chattian
474:Rupelian
447:Lutetian
438:Ypresian
1319:2705600
1296:Bibcode
1267:15 July
1245:in 2008
1110:Bibcode
1067:Climate
1047:Sézanne
1031:Belgium
932:England
858:of the
563:←
542:←
524:←
216:–
206:–
196:–
186:–
176:–
166:–
156:–
146:–
136:–
109:↓
2193:
1514:Danian
1326:
1316:
1239:et al.
999:, the
951:Zumaia
892:Eocene
867:Series
698:Formal
630:Formal
616:System
612:Period
514:
509:
504:
499:
410:Danian
1196:(PDF)
1139:(PDF)
959:Spain
908:Swiss
863:Epoch
793:Egypt
789:Luxor
724:Spain
689:Stage
644:Earth
1408:1873
1388:2004
1370:2007
1349:2021
1324:PMID
1269:2009
1243:IUGS
1041:The
992:and
928:Kent
872:59.2
839:The
833:2003
778:PETM
764:2008
710:C26n
530:PETM
48:PreꞒ
1378:262
1314:PMC
1304:doi
1292:106
1208:doi
1167:doi
1118:doi
874:and
865:or
852:age
845:ICS
679:Age
655:ICS
588:ICS
2254::
2209:Ga
2205:Ma
2201:ka
1420:12
1418:)
1410::
1406:;
1394:,
1390::
1386:;
1372::
1368:;
1322:.
1312:.
1302:.
1290:.
1286:.
1204:30
1202:.
1198:.
1181:^
1163:34
1161:.
1157:.
1116:.
1106:47
1104:.
1063:.
1033:.
977:.
938:.
898:.
880:Ma
878:56
791:,
774:δC
722:,
98:Pg
42:Ma
1605:e
1598:t
1591:v
1473:e
1466:t
1459:v
1398:.
1351:.
1330:.
1306::
1298::
1271:.
1216:.
1210::
1175:.
1169::
1124:.
1120::
1112::
657:)
614:/
392:C
390:M
381:e
379:n
377:e
375:c
373:o
371:g
369:i
367:l
365:O
356:e
354:n
352:e
350:c
348:o
346:E
335:e
333:n
331:e
329:c
327:o
325:e
323:l
321:a
319:P
310:K
308:L
299:N
289:e
287:n
285:e
283:g
281:o
279:e
277:l
275:a
273:P
263:K
253:c
251:i
249:o
247:z
245:o
243:n
241:e
239:C
228:Z
226:M
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:Ꞓ
20:)
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