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circumstances, the police could not be blamed for issuing orders to open fire. Although, Kannemeyer did not find the police guilty, he added that the police were armed with lethal weapons rather than standard riot control gear because of a deliberate policy adopted by senior officers, and the police should thus have foreseen that an order to open fire would result in fatalities. The report went on to say that police evidence of the weapons carried by the crowd was exaggerated. Charges of public violence laid against 31 people following the Langa massacre of March 1985 were dropped a year later. Of the 31 charged, 21 had been injured by police gunfire.
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the funerals for
Thursday, 21 March 1985. Goosen realised that the 21 March marked the 25 anniversary of the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, where the apartheid police killed 69 black Africans. He then applied for another order to have the funeral postponed yet again, this time approaching Uitenhage Magistrate M. J. Groenwald, who accordingly ruled that funerals could only be held on a Sunday. The first orders which banned funeral on weekends, Mondays and public holidays and the second which banned funerals except on Sundays were both in effect at the same time, leading to a sense of confusion and resentment in the township of Uitenhage.
22:
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continued attention to South Africa's history of violence and the ongoing process of reconciliation and healing. Events organized by the Langa
Massacre Coordinating Committee provide a platform for survivors to share their experiences. These events aim not only to remember those killed in the massacre but also to facilitate healing for those affected. Survivor stories highlight the ongoing impact of the massacre on the community and the importance of acknowledging and remembering this tragic event.
114:, returned with a white police officer who had not been part of original patrol squad that morning. He then drove down the 23rd Street and came across the crowd had seen. Pentz sent a message to Lieutenant Fouche via radio that his patrol needed assistance before accelerating along Maduna Road to small hill between the crowd and the white residential area. A team led by Fouche joined Pentz's team and the two vehicles formed a cordon facing the crowd in a "V" position.
51:. The crowd had been attending a funeral of one of the six who had been slain by the apartheid police on 17 March 1985. They had gathered at Maduna Square and were heading towards the house where the funeral was held when the police blocked the road with two armoured vehicles and ordered the crowd to disperse. When the crowd failed to comply immediately, police opened fire on the crowd, killing 35 people and leaving 27 wounded. The incident became known as the
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decision, the families of the deceased withdrew from the inquest proceedings. In 1987, Minister of Law and Order paid out R2,3-million to 51 people injured or widowed in the
Uitenhage massacre. The government had admitted that the police had acted wrongfully and negligently and that this was the cause of the incident.
121:
On
Saturday, 13 April 1985, a mass burial was held to mourn the deaths of 29 people who had died after being shot by police in Langa township, Uitenhage on 21 March was held at KwaNobuhle Stadium. The 29 deceased people were buried in a mass grave in KwaNobuhle Cemetery. The families of the other six
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found that the deaths were not the result of any act or negligence constituting a crime on the part of anyone. The inquest findings were based on the evidence heard by
Kannemeyer and it was considered unnecessary to call any of the witnesses to give their evidence to the inquest. As a result of this
96:
branch applied for a court order which banned all funerals on weekends, Mondays and public holidays from Chief
Magistrate MH Steyn. The order was granted on the grounds that limiting funerals would help curb political actions against the apartheid government. The community of Langa then rescheduled
117:
Police teams led by Fouche and Pentz tried to disperse the crowd. However, the crowd continued to march peacefully. Realising that the crowd was not following their (police) orders, the police fired 41 rounds of SSG shotgun ammunition, three round of R1 ammunition and an unrecorded number of rounds
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resulted in the killing of six black youth. The funeral of four of the six was to be held on Sunday 17 March 1985 and a stay away was called for Monday 18 March as part of ‘Black
Weekend’. The name 'Black Weekend' comes from the fact that the KwaNobuhle township community had chosen that weekend to
130:
The
Kannemeyer Commission was appointed the day after the shooting with Judge Donald Kannemeyer as its chairperson and sole member. The Kannemeyer Commission reported that 20 people were shot dead and at least 27 were wounded, and that the majority had been shot in the back. He found that, in the
105:
On 21 March 1985, Lieutenant John Fouche and his team patrolled the township of Langa until 8am and found it quiet, they then headed to KwaNobuhle township. Warrant
Officer F.W Pentz and his team patrolled KwaNobuhle township and did not find any signs of protest or marching. However, a warrant
80:
with the commissioner of police, General Johan
Coetzee, on 19 February. They had been told that ‘soft’ weaponry was no longer effective for riot control purposes. On 14 March, Uitenhage's most senior police officers, the Order Group, decided to take stronger action to regain control. As from 15
89:
bury four people killed by the apartheid police earlier in March 1985. Police said that three petrol bombs were thrown at a police vehicle in Langa during this weekend. Police also shot and killed a young man on 17 March 1985. The houses of two police officers in Langa were destroyed by fire.
150:
The Langa Massacre foundation, led by individuals directly affected by the massacre, works to keep the memory of the atrocity alive. They advocate for the survivors and the families of the victims, pushing for recognition and remembrance of the massacre. Their efforts underscore the need for
154:
On March 2015, approaching the 30th anniversary of the Langa massacre, the Uitenhage Massacre Foundation announced plans for a new R89-million memorial building for the Langa Massacre victims. This memorial will include an amphitheater, a conference room, and a heroes’ wall.
75:
government reached boiling point. Between 8 and 10 March, police reported 23 incidents of arson and 18 of stone-throwing, causing damage estimated at R220 000. Minister of Law and Order Louis le Grange, had visited
147:
A year after the 1985 Langa massacre, a memorial tombstone dedicated to those who died was unveiled in the KwaNobuhle Cemetery. The tombstone was vandalised in June 1987 and re-erected in March 1994.
110:. Pentz and his team then drove through the crowd and parked the police vehicle on the side of the road. Pentz, who had been in KwaNobuhle township, headed to the police headquarters in
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35:, members of the South African Police opened fire on a crowd of people gathered on Maduna Road between
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of 9mm bullets from their automatic rifles. The shooting left 35 people dead and 27 wounded.
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people who died from the massacre opted for private burials.
391:"The Langa Massacre: SA's forgotten apartheid-era atrocity"
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Killings by law enforcement officers in South Africa
134:In 1986, an inquest at the New Brighton courts in
16:1985 massacre of civilians by South African police
31:On 21 March 1985, on the 25th anniversary of the
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197:The shooting at Uitenhage, South AFrica, 1985
306:"Police admit liability for Langa massacre"
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26:Coffins of the Langa Massacre’s victims.
1344:Reconstruction and Development Programme
281:Langa Massacre grave site to be revamped
940:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
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1421:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
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63:In March 1985, tensions between the
1351:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
997:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
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2543:Massacres of protesters in Africa
2503:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2138:South African Party (Cape Colony)
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165:List of massacres in South Africa
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2558:1980s massacres in South Africa
2152:South African Party (1977–1980)
2145:South African Party (1911–1934)
2061:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
1858:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
1470:2019 service delivery protests
1456:#FeesMustFall student protests
1201:1983 constitutional referendum
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330:. Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism
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2583:March 1985 events in Africa
1294:Saint James Church massacre
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1942:Labour Party (1969–1994)
1935:Labour Party (1910–1958)
1491:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
1449:#RhodesMustFall protests
1048:1960 republic referendum
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358:– via PressReader.
92:Captain Goosen from the
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1090:Constructive engagement
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873:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
1400:Attack on Kennedy Road
1011:Congress of the People
602:South African Republic
185:Natives Land Act, 1913
1970:Natal Indian Congress
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1544:Afrikaner nationalism
1330:1994 general election
1301:Bophuthatswana crisis
1194:Church Street bombing
974:Apartheid legislation
967:1948 general election
887:South Africa Act 1909
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502:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
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71:'s townships and the
2588:Sharpeville massacre
2568:1985 in South Africa
1604:Greater South Africa
1442:2014 platinum strike
1308:Shell House massacre
1236:Transkei coup d'état
1041:Sharpeville massacre
804:Battle of Blaauwberg
797:Battle of Muizenberg
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532:Mthethwa Paramountcy
175:Sharpeville massacre
33:Sharpeville massacre
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1530:African nationalism
1379:African Renaissance
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990:Internal resistance
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308:. Mail and Guardian
1243:Ciskei coup d'état
1062:UN Resolution 1761
1027:Women's March 1956
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395:news.knowledia.com
227:"TRC Final Report"
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55:/Langa massacre.
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1407:Blikkiesdorp
1207:
733:Pre-colonial
586:Natal Colony
570:Zulu Kingdom
484:South Africa
439:|title=
419:. Retrieved
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399:. Retrieved
397:. 2021-03-22
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353:. Retrieved
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49:South Africa
45:Eastern Cape
30:
1619:Rooi gevaar
1498:2021 unrest
1428:Nkandlagate
1257:Third Force
1118:Rugby union
716:(1981–1994)
708:(1979–1994)
700:(1977–1994)
692:(1976–1994)
684:(1910–1961)
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596:(1854–1902)
588:(1843–1910)
580:(1839–1843)
572:(1816–1897)
564:(1795–1910)
562:Cape Colony
554: 1780
539: 1780
526:(1652–1806)
516: 1220
509: 1075
2537:Categories
2430:Greyshirts
2194:Volksparty
1732:Black Sash
1393:Xenophobia
1386:Travelgate
1143:Border War
947:Bantustans
845:Great Trek
790:Xhosa Wars
650:Upingtonia
634:Stellaland
421:2024-02-13
401:2024-02-13
355:2024-02-13
334:30 October
312:30 October
290:30 October
264:30 October
233:30 October
203:References
59:Background
39:and Langa
1653:Volkstaat
1644:Uitlander
1575:Boerehaat
1551:Anarchism
1358:Arms Deal
1321:apartheid
981:Pass laws
958:Apartheid
903:1910–1948
822:1815–1910
760:1652–1815
126:Aftermath
112:Uitenhage
108:Uitenhage
94:Uitenhage
86:Uitenhage
78:Uitenhage
73:apartheid
69:Uitenhage
53:Uitenhage
37:Uitenhage
2521:Category
2423:Boeremag
1921:Jeugkrag
1872:Het Volk
1566:Baasskap
1508:incident
1111:Olympics
690:Transkei
493:polities
491:Defunct
430:cite web
364:cite web
159:See also
101:Massacre
41:township
2326:SAAPAWU
1664:Defunct
1627:Slavery
831:Mfecane
65:African
43:in the
2277:FOSATU
2131:SAYRCO
2103:SADECO
2019:Occupy
1558:Azania
1506:Lady R
1435:Racism
1264:CODESA
725:Events
714:Ciskei
626:Goshen
556:–1819)
541:–1817)
143:Legacy
2458:PAGAD
2354:SATUC
2347:SARHU
2333:SACTU
2312:NURHS
2270:FNETU
2256:CTSWU
2249:CNETU
2242:BLATU
2124:SAYCO
2012:NUSAS
1893:IDASA
1704:AITUP
1319:Post-
706:Venda
285:(PDF)
259:(PDF)
2465:SANF
2395:APLA
2340:SAIF
2319:PAWE
2305:NEUM
2298:MUSA
2263:FCWU
2208:WOSA
2159:TNIP
2117:SASO
2110:SAIC
2096:SABP
2047:PAVN
1781:COSG
1760:CTEG
1753:CNIP
443:help
377:help
336:2017
314:2017
292:2017
266:2017
235:2017
2416:BBB
2409:AWB
2402:ARM
2368:UDF
2291:IWW
2284:ICU
2235:BCM
2228:APF
2173:UFP
2075:PRP
2054:PFP
2005:NRP
1998:NPP
1984:NNP
1977:NLP
1963:NCP
1914:ISL
1865:GNP
1837:ECC
1830:DSM
1823:DPP
1795:DLF
1767:COD
1746:CDA
1725:BPC
1718:AVF
1711:APO
2539::
2437:MK
1991:NP
1956:NA
1907:IP
1900:ID
1851:FD
1844:FA
1788:CP
551:c.
536:c.
513:c.
506:c.
434::
432:}}
428:{{
393:.
368::
366:}}
362:{{
243:^
210:^
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