530:, Madame Matenesse, Madame DeFresne and Anne de Lalaing, widow of Willem de Hertaing, Seigneur de Marquette. Several of these women were also correspondents of Clusius, sharing an interest in botany regardless of religious difference. She used her influence at the court and in Leiden University circles, among other things, to provide Clusius with an appointment in Leiden. In her Leiden garden, she cultivated different types of tulips and other exotic plants. After she moved away from Leiden, she continued her correspondence with Clusius and they exchanged plants. Her work was noted by other botanists, such as
183:
621:" (Lover and cultivator of flowers in the time of Clusius). There has been some confusion as to whether he was misled by mistaken references in both Clusius and Lobelius into thinking she was Maria de Brimeur (d. 1604), wife of the Antwerp merchant Coenraad Schets, though there would be no reason to honour the latter in this way.
42:
506:
had called him "the father of all the beautiful gardens in this country". She developed an expertise in horticulture and creating gardens that attracted great interest throughout both the
Southern and Northern Netherlands, and was an example of the intellectual and humanist philosophies in the Dutch
421:
She spent much of her time on hunting and cultivated her gardens and special plants. Her family position placed her in the highest circle of the nobility of
Southern Netherlands, but spent much of her life in the Northern Netherlands. In 1593, the States General requested that she move to The Hague
501:
from her acquaintance with him in
Mechelen in the 1570s. Their correspondence, of which 27 letters to him have been preserved, forms a valuable source of information concerning the knowledge of botany at that time. Despite the difference in their social status, Marie de Brimeu was Clusius' closest
345:(1560–1612), Prince of Chimay, at 20 years old ten years her junior. She persuaded her husband to convert to Protestantism. On 12 June 1582, the couple were forced to flee from Liège, due to persecution of Protestants, eventually reaching the Protestant stronghold of
267:, the Netherlands). She was the younger daughter of George de Brimeu, Lord of Quierieu (d. c. 1572), Charles' younger brother, by his second wife, Anna van Walthausen; her older sister was Marguerite de Brimeu. She spent much of her early life in
247:, Count of Meghem (1556–1572). He was her paternal uncle and she inherited his titles when he died without direct descendants. She thus became, among other titles, Countess of Meghem. She was born in 1550 in
1135:
Van der Gouw, J.L. (1947). "Marie de Brimeu. Een
Nederlandse prinses uit de eerste helft van de tachtigjarige oorlog" [Marie de Brimeu. A Dutch princess from the first half of the eighty year war].
538:(1581) as one of the more important Flemish tulip growers. Lobelius provided her with a catalogue from which she could order plants from Britain. Her diplomatic and political life involved her in the
426:, where she also established a garden. Her last years were spent in ill health, and despite frequenting spas she died in Liège in 1605 at the age of 55, and was buried at the church in Megen.
422:
to be closer to the court. Efforts continued to achieve a reconciliation between her and her husband, and an agreement was reached in 1600, by which she returned to the south, settling in
271:, where her family had a large house behind the cloth hall. From her early life she developed an interest in gardens and plants, and in February 1571 sent a letter and plant material from
397:. She led a very independent life as a wealthy woman, even though her estranged husband unsuccessfully attempted to poison her in 1586. She found herself in good standing with the
377:
on 13 September 1584 ruled that she had the rights to all her possessions, but this led to lengthy legal proceedings. From 1584 she resided in a number of Dutch cities, including
350:
522:
and professor in 1593. In addition to
Clusius, she formed associations with other scholars such as Lipsius and many likeminded noblewomen, including her sister,
1025:
998:
1258:
1192:
1095:
434:
Marie de Brumeu was born into a French-speaking aristocratic
Catholic family, the house of Meghem, in the Duchy of Brabant, which was one of the
481:. Botany also provided one of the few areas at the time where men and women could both participate, and women could be acknowledged as experts.
302:, who styled himself Count of Meghem in his wife's right. His father was an important public figure in the Netherlands, being a counsellor of
373:, where they joined William I. Marie de Brimeu separated from her husband in 1584, when he returned to Catholicism. When they separated the
1273:
282:
in
Mechelen, whom she had recently met there, suggesting that she had already established a garden in Antwerp. Another botanist,
1044:
L.". In
Talavera, S; Andrés, C; Arista, M; Fernández Piedra, MP; Rico, E; Crespo, MB; Quintanar, A; Herrero, A; Aedo, C (eds.).
1248:
1238:
17:
871:"Tuinkunst tijdens de Nederlandse Opstand. De prinses van Chimay. Marie de Brimeu en de "humanisering" van de bloem 1550-1605"
318:
of 1568. From 1570 he fought as a captain in a number of campaigns, and he was made governor of the fortress of
Charlemont at
1253:
1233:
981:
930:
905:
307:
870:
1268:
1263:
222:, Count of Meghem, when he died in 1572, becoming the Countess of Meghem. Her second marriage in 1580 to Charles III,
1167:
1006:
374:
477:(1568–1648), but also a time of great intellectual development in the world of botany, referred to as a botanical
466:(1581–1795) and the Duchy of Brabant was split between the two sides, with Megen in the new Protestant republic.
1243:
459:
1184:
443:
410:
294:
Her first marriage, shortly before the end of
January 1572, in Megen, was to Lancelot de Berlaymont, Lord of
1045:
103:
918:
Cultural Exchange in Early Modern Europe vol. 3: Correspondence and Cultural Exchange in Europe 1400–1700
873:[Garden art during the Dutch Revolt. The Princess of Chimay and the humanization of the flower]
922:
577:
1017:
1103:
1054:
969:
Tulipomania: The Story Of The World's Most Coveted Flower & The Extraordinary Passions It Aroused
596:
d'Hovel states her sister's name was Adrienne, and that she married Marie's first husband's brother,
560:
442:
who had been the rulers of the Duchy, and at the time of her birth, the Duke was Charles II (Emperor
361:'s wife. It was at Sedan that Charles formally adopted Protestantism. From there the couple moved to
1185:"Carolus Clusius and sixteenth-century botany in the context of the new cultural history of science"
458:
was gaining ground, and the authorities were becoming increasingly repressive, introducing a local
1081:
1120:
511:
1218:
973:
783:
768:
750:
342:
223:
141:
1223:
299:
1228:
597:
474:
354:
260:
126:
81:
8:
462:. Shortly after her second marriage, the northern provinces declared independence as the
435:
378:
48:
1111:
1071:
661:
1089:
531:
447:
358:
283:
73:
1163:
1002:
977:
958:
952:
926:
901:
523:
515:
439:
398:
311:
303:
244:
219:
107:
450:
had succeeded his father and the Netherlands had become plunged into turmoil in the
1107:
893:
Er stond een vrouw in de tuin: over de rol van vrouwen in het Nederlandse landschap
256:
240:
77:
954:
Pineapples, Labyrinths, and Butterflies: Female Collectors in the Dutch Golden Age
941:
1157:
992:
967:
916:
891:
572:
498:
346:
279:
503:
463:
406:
207:
991:
Egmond, Florike; Hoftijzer, Paul Gerardus; Visser, Robert Paul Willem (2007).
507:
Republic at that time, in which beauty could be appreciated for its own sake.
1212:
527:
470:
323:
264:
199:
539:
494:
451:
438:
of the Habsburg Netherlands. Her family had been faithful adherents of the
334:
315:
215:
165:
898:
There was a woman in the garden: On the role of women in Dutch landscaping
478:
402:
326:. She had two children from this marriage, both of whom died in infancy.
1073:
Nobiliaire des Pays-Bas, et du comté de Bourgogne. Supplement 1555-1614
994:
Carolus Clusius: towards a cultural history of a Renaissance naturalist
366:
1159:
The World of Carolus Clusius: Natural History in the Making, 1550-1610
455:
394:
330:
295:
510:
In 1590, when she moved to Leiden, she lived in a house next to the
619:
MARIA DE BRIMEUR, amore et culturâ Florum in tempore CLUSII inclyta
555:
276:
268:
423:
203:
99:
41:
1077:
519:
386:
370:
272:
314:
in their struggle against the northern insurgents following the
490:
390:
362:
338:
211:
161:
797:
943:
Mémoires anonymes sur les troubles des Pays-Bas 2.: 1565–1580
551:
469:
Her life and work took place during a tumultuous time in the
409:
of the Netherlands (1585–1587), and his followers, including
382:
319:
252:
248:
195:
182:
69:
502:
and almost lifelong woman friend, and she reminded him that
322:. In 1578 both he and his father died during the siege of
826:
816:
814:
812:
641:
639:
637:
940:
Blaes, Jean Baptiste François; Henne, Alexandre (1860).
1070:
d'Hovel, M. de Vegiano, Seigneur (1779). "Berlaymont".
843:
841:
716:
915:
Bethencourt, Francisco; Egmond, Florike, eds. (2007).
809:
634:
788:
838:
706:
704:
702:
700:
687:
685:
683:
681:
337:, this time of higher rank. On 3 September 1580, in
310:(1559–1567). As a fellow Catholic, he supported the
999:Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
760:
758:
1057:, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
914:
779:
764:
746:
697:
678:
329:Following her first husband's death, she adopted
1210:
666:
497:, and was a member of the scientific network of
773:
755:
740:
728:
518:, where Clusius would take up his position as
1102:
957:(MA thesis). Department of Arts and Culture,
862:
832:
1134:
1094:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
990:
722:
1069:
645:
218:. She inherited her titles from her uncle,
950:
820:
40:
1259:Scientists from the Habsburg Netherlands
1039:
847:
662:Overzicht van tuinen van Marie de Brimeu
234:
226:, elevated her to the rank of princess.
489:She was known for her contributions to
14:
1211:
1155:
1015:
900:] (in Dutch). Ronde Tafel, SU De.
889:
868:
803:
710:
691:
657:
608:Some sources list him as the fifth son
333:, but remarried into another Catholic
210:noblewoman known for her knowledge of
1022:Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland
951:de Brouwer, Veerle (31 August 2017).
939:
672:
651:
405:appointed as Governor General of the
286:, also refers to her Antwerp garden.
965:
251:(Meghem), a small town on the river
1183:
879:Cascade. Bulletin voor Tuinhistorie
794:Brimeu to Clusius 18 September 1591
734:
24:
1274:17th-century French letter writers
138:Lancelot de Berlaymont (1572–1578)
25:
1285:
1018:"Brimeu, Marie de (ca 1550-1605)"
1016:Egmond, Florike (27 April 2016).
446:). Before she reached adulthood,
429:
1040:Goñalons, Llorenç Sáez (2014). "
181:
856:
611:
349:, where they found refuge with
602:
590:
416:
263:(it is now in the province of
13:
1:
1249:17th-century women scientists
1239:16th-century women scientists
780:Bethencourt & Egmond 2007
765:Bethencourt & Egmond 2007
747:Bethencourt & Egmond 2007
628:
617:Salisbury's dedication reads
411:Anna Walburgis van Nieuwenaer
298:(c.1550–1578), second son of
1254:17th-century Dutch botanists
1234:16th-century Dutch botanists
289:
239:Princess Marie de Brimeu of
7:
1269:16th-century letter writers
1149:
890:Backer, Anne Mieke (2016).
869:Backer, Anne Mieke (2006).
566:
534:, who refers to her in his
308:Governor of the Netherlands
74:imperially immediate county
10:
1290:
1162:. Pickering & Chatto.
1104:Salisbury, Richard Anthony
923:Cambridge University Press
863:Books, articles and theses
578:History of the Netherlands
542:after her first marriage.
1264:People from North Brabant
1119:. J. Van Voorst. p.
833:Salisbury & Gray 1866
561:Richard Anthony Salisbury
545:
180:
175:
171:
157:
150:
132:
122:
114:
104:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
88:
55:
39:
32:
1156:Egmond, Florike (2010).
583:
206:, 18 April 1605), was a
559:was named after her by
484:
229:
1138:De Nederlandsche Leeuw
1117:(Unpublished fragment)
1080:: J. Jacobs. pp.
1053:(in Spanish). Madrid:
974:Orion Publishing Group
526:(widow of William I),
18:Lancelot of Berlaymont
1244:Dutch women botanists
1047:Flora Iberica. Vol 20
300:Charles de Berlaymont
235:Family and early life
1189:Research and results
1113:The Genera of Plants
1055:Real Jardín Botánico
598:Claude de Berlaymont
355:Charlotte de Bourbon
351:Françoise de Bourbon
261:Habsburg Netherlands
82:Habsburg Netherlands
966:Dash, Mike (1999).
436:Seventeen Provinces
359:William I of Orange
343:Charles III de Croÿ
142:Charles III de Croÿ
49:Princesse de Chimay
532:Matthaeus Lobelius
284:Matthaeus Lobelius
983:978-1-78022-057-4
959:Leiden University
932:978-0-521-84548-9
907:978-90-6906-048-4
723:Egmond et al 2007
524:Louise de Coligny
516:Leiden University
475:Eighty Years' War
440:Dukes of Burgundy
399:Earl of Leicester
312:Spanish Habsburgs
304:Margaret of Parma
245:Charles de Brimeu
243:was the niece of
220:Charles de Brimeu
189:
188:
152:Scientific career
108:Holy Roman Empire
96:(aged 54–55)
16:(Redirected from
1281:
1204:
1202:
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1180:
1178:
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1131:
1129:
1127:
1118:
1099:
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987:
962:
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689:
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664:
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643:
622:
615:
609:
606:
600:
594:
528:Madame Brederode
512:Hortus Botanicus
407:United Provinces
257:Duchy of Brabant
224:Prince of Chimay
194:(born ca. 1550,
185:
95:
78:Duchy of Brabant
66:
64:
44:
30:
29:
27:Belgian botanist
21:
1289:
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1009:
984:
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908:
874:
865:
859:
854:
846:
839:
831:
827:
821:de Brouwer 2017
819:
810:
806:, Introduction.
802:
798:
793:
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778:
774:
763:
756:
745:
741:
733:
729:
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656:
652:
644:
635:
631:
626:
625:
616:
612:
607:
603:
595:
591:
586:
573:House of Brimeu
569:
548:
499:Carolus Clusius
487:
432:
419:
292:
280:Carolus Clusius
237:
232:
192:Marie de Brimeu
118:Church in Megen
110:
97:
93:
84:
67:
62:
60:
51:
47:
46:Marie de Brimeu
35:
34:Marie de Brimeu
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1287:
1277:
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1271:
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1256:
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1241:
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1206:
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1181:
1168:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1132:
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1067:
1037:
1013:
1007:
988:
982:
963:
948:
937:
931:
912:
906:
887:
864:
861:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:
837:
825:
808:
796:
787:
772:
754:
739:
727:
715:
696:
677:
665:
650:
632:
630:
627:
624:
623:
610:
601:
588:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
575:
568:
565:
547:
544:
504:Justus Lipsius
486:
483:
464:Dutch Republic
431:
430:Life and times
428:
418:
415:
375:States General
341:, she married
291:
288:
236:
233:
231:
228:
187:
186:
178:
177:
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159:
155:
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98:
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68:
57:
53:
52:
45:
37:
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33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:Brimeu family
1217:
1216:
1214:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1171:
1169:9781317324218
1165:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1076:(in French).
1075:
1074:
1068:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1008:9789069845067
1004:
1000:
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989:
985:
979:
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872:
867:
866:
849:
848:Goñalons 2014
844:
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471:Low Countries
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324:Philippeville
321:
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265:North Brabant
262:
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200:North Brabant
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149:
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137:
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127:Netherlandish
125:
121:
117:
115:Resting place
113:
109:
105:
101:
92:18 April 1605
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1224:1550s births
1199:16 September
1197:. Retrieved
1188:
1173:. Retrieved
1158:
1141:
1140:(in Dutch).
1137:
1124:. Retrieved
1112:
1072:
1061:22 September
1059:. Retrieved
1046:
1041:
1031:16 September
1029:. Retrieved
1024:(in Dutch).
1021:
993:
968:
953:
942:
917:
897:
892:
882:
881:(in Dutch).
878:
857:Bibliography
828:
799:
790:
775:
742:
730:
718:
668:
653:
646:d'Hovel 1779
618:
613:
604:
592:
554:
549:
540:Dutch revolt
535:
509:
495:horticulture
488:
468:
452:Dutch Revolt
433:
420:
369:and finally
353:, sister of
335:noble family
328:
316:Dutch revolt
293:
238:
216:horticulture
191:
190:
166:Horticulture
151:
94:(1605-04-18)
1229:1605 deaths
1108:Gray, J. E.
946:. Heussner.
804:Egmond 2010
711:Egmond 2016
692:Backer 2006
658:Backer 2016
550:The flower
536:Cruydtboeck
479:Renaissance
460:inquisition
417:Single life
403:Elizabeth I
144:(1580–1584)
123:Nationality
76:within the
1213:Categories
1126:26 October
972:. London:
673:Blaes 1860
629:References
379:Middelburg
367:Vlissingen
1175:5 October
1090:cite book
563:in 1866.
456:Calvinism
448:Philip II
444:Charles V
395:The Hague
331:Calvinism
296:Beauraing
290:Marriages
255:, in the
176:Signature
1150:Websites
1110:(1866).
1042:Brimeura
735:NWO 2017
567:See also
556:Brimeura
277:botanist
269:Mechelen
1144:: 5–49.
1078:Malines
1026:Huygens
520:prefect
401:, whom
387:Utrecht
371:Antwerp
275:to the
273:Antwerp
208:Flemish
202:, died
133:Spouses
61: (
1195:. 2017
1166:
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784:p. 132
769:p. 116
751:p. 118
546:Legacy
491:botany
473:, the
391:Leiden
363:Calais
339:Aachen
241:Chimay
212:botany
162:Botany
158:Fields
1051:(PDF)
896:[
875:(PDF)
584:Notes
552:genus
424:Liège
383:Delft
347:Sedan
320:Givet
253:Meuse
249:Megen
204:Liège
196:Megen
100:Liège
70:Megen
1201:2017
1177:2016
1164:ISBN
1128:2014
1096:link
1084:–18.
1063:2017
1033:2017
1003:ISBN
978:ISBN
927:ISBN
902:ISBN
493:and
485:Work
393:and
230:Life
214:and
89:Died
63:1550
59:1550
56:Born
1193:NWO
514:of
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