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cinder cone at an altitude of 3970 m. It is approximately heart shaped and its diameter reaches about 100 m. The average surface area of the lake is around 6,000 m (65,000 sq ft; 0.60 ha; 1.5 acres). The size of its surface area fluctuates significantly over the year. It reaches
293:
After the particularly wet winter of 2013/2014, however, the lake was back to around 75% of its original size by May 2014, and subsequently returned to its normal size. The drought conditions on Mauna Kea from 2010 to 2013 are currently believed to have been the primary reason for the water loss.
286:
Between 2010 and 2013 the lake shrank significantly. On 26 September 2013, the lake had been reduced to a mere puddle of less than 2% of its original surface size, with a reported width of 9 m (10 yd) and maximum depth of 23 cm (9 in). By
December 2013, three months later, the
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The lake is an anomaly in the peak region of Mauna Kea as everywhere else the ground is unable to retain water. The exact nature of the impermeable ground layer of the lake is still unknown. It is assumed that fine-grained densely compressed ash, basalt rock or a small permafrost layer may play a
317:, who are associated with Mauna Kea, and according to Westervelt, the lake was probably named after the goddess of the same, who used to bathe in it. Originally Hawaiians considered the whole peak region of Mauna Kea, including Lake Waiau, a sacred site, and only priests and
240:. It is relatively small, only about 100 m across, and varies in size as the water level rises and falls. At high water levels a small outlet stream appears at the northwest end, but it is absorbed into the ground after a short distance. The name means "swirling water" in
269:
occurs when the lake depth is more than 2.3 m. The lake is only fed by precipitation, which occurs primarily during the winter; its catchment area is about 135,000 m (1,450,000 sq ft; 13.5 ha; 33 acres), mostly located within the
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role. No permafrost layer has been established so far for the lake area itself, but it was found at another location in the peak area. The bottom of the lake, however, is known to have a 7.5-metre (25 ft) thick sediment layer.
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its peak during spring with a maximal depth between 2 m and 2.5 m. By the end of the summer, it often has shrunk to one third of its original size with a maximal depth below 1 m. A spillover into the
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were allowed to access it. Later, after the formation of the
Hawaiian kingdom, the peak region was occasionally visited by members of the royal family. The last one to do so was
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The exact causes for the water loss are unknown. The suspects are drought conditions and the thawing of an assumed permafrost layer under the lake leading to increased seepage.
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Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Raymond
Arvidson,; Bradley Jolliff,; Sarah Johnson,; Brian Ebel,; Nicole Lovenduski,; Julie Morris,; Jeffery Byers,; Nathan Snider,; Robert Criss,.
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Jensen, Chelsea (2020-07-25). Lake Waiau remains full. West Hawaii Today, 25 July 2020. Retrieved from
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224:. It is arguably one of the highest lakes in the United States. After the evaporation of
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is a high-elevation lake located at 3,970 m (13,020 ft) above sea level on
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https://www.westhawaiitoday.com/2020/07/25/hawaii-news/lake-waiau-remains-full-2/
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Hydrologic and isotopic modeling of alpine Lake Waiau, Mauna Kea, Hawai'i. (1).
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648:. Science, New Series, Vol. 154, No. 3749 (Nov. 4, 1966), pp. 647–648 (
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U.S. Geological Survey
Geographic Names Information System: Lake Waiau
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Deep Layer of
Sediments in Alpine Lake in the Tropical Mid-Pacific
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The lake is of some importance in
Hawaiian mythology. Aside from
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Lake Waiau: A Study of a
Tropical Alpine Lake, Past and Present
558:"Lake Waiau atop Mauna Kea nearly full or full since fall 2014"
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Impermeable beds trap rain and snow at Mauna Kea's Lake Waiau
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maximum depth had dropped further to 13 cm (5 in).
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in 1881, who also took a bath in the lake during her visit.
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Honolulu Star – Advertiser. 2013. (February 16, 2014).
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On the rise: Lake Waiau benefits from wetter weather
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Disappearing Lake Waiau Is a
Mystery to Scientists.
236:and one of very few lakes at all in the state of
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477:Hawaiian Natural History, Ecology, and Evolution
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232:crater in 2020, Lake Waiau is the only lake on
644:Alfred H. Woodcock, Meyer Rubin, R. A. Duce:
672:Volcano Watch: Lake Waiau is shrinking fast
605:Pele, Volcano Goddess of Hawai'i: A History
667:. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 2003-06-19
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592:Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station
546:. Hawaii Tribune Herald, 30. Mai 2014
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191:6,000 m (65,000 sq ft)
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479:. University of Hawaii Press, 2002,
252:can be found breeding in the water.
228:in 2018 and the short-lived lake in
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713:Bodies of water of Hawaii (island)
688:Mauna Kea – The Hike To Lake Waiau
641:. University of Hawaii Press, 1978
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260:Lake Waiau is located inside the
580:Hawaiian Culture & Mauna Kea
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556:Jensen, Chelsea (2017-03-22).
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199:2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
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457:"The Highest Lake in the USA"
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282:Temporary shrinkage 2010-2014
207:3,970 m (13,020 ft)
16:Lake in Hawaii, United States
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92:Show map of Pacific Ocean
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183:100 m (330 ft)
680:Lake Waiau, Hawaii, USA
439:Pacific Science. 2005.
402:List of lakes in Hawaii
354:with a person for scale
160:13.5 ha (33 acres)
590:auf den Webseiten der
378:Shrinkage October 2012
139:19.81125°N 155.47743°W
691:at instanthawaii.com
144:19.81125; -155.47743
637:Jane Ellen Massey:
607:. McFarland, 2011,
220:, on the island of
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683:at lakelubbers.com
542:2014-08-20 at the
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62:Show map of Hawaii
562:West Hawaii Today
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723:Sacred lakes
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623:Google Books
621:, p. 28, at
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230:Halema'uma'u
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188:Surface area
256:Description
142: /
130:155°28′39″W
117:Coordinates
707:Categories
699:(archived)
696:Lake Waiau
485:0824821904
462:2008-10-11
408:References
323:Queen Emma
319:chieftains
272:Pu'u Waiau
262:Pu'u Waiau
214:Lake Waiau
196:Max. depth
180:Max. width
127:19°48′41″N
86:Lake Waiau
56:Lake Waiau
22:Lake Waiau
615:, S. 28 (
487:, S. 94 (
298:Mythology
218:Mauna Kea
106:Mauna Kea
584:Archived
540:Archived
441:Archived
396:See also
305:Poliʻahu
242:Hawaiian
102:Location
618:excerpt
490:excerpt
329:Gallery
311:Lilinoe
250:beetles
238:Hawaiʻi
222:Hawaiʻi
611:
483:
246:midges
110:Hawaii
650:JSTOR
315:Waiau
166:Basin
609:ISBN
481:ISBN
313:and
248:and
709::
560:.
426:^
108:,
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510:.
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307:,
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