528:(VEI) and makes it one of the biggest volcanic events on Earth in the last 7,000 years. Fallout from the eruption column blanketed an area of at least 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi) with pumice and ash to a depth of at least 50 cm (20 in), and an area of nearly 2,000,000 km (770,000 sq mi) to a depth of at least 0.5 cm (0.20 in), which would have stopped all agricultural production in the most-severely affected area for decades. It is also theorized that the eruption and subsequent weather events and agricultural failures directly led to the abandonment of
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On July 5, 2004 the illusionist, Francis Fanci was tagged and submerged inside a trunk from which he emerged after thirty seconds. On the other hand, in 2004 Matthew
Hatfield Knight, eldest son of the owner of the international consortium of Nike sports shoes, died of a heart attack while diving with
446:
U.S. soldiers with the 7th
Special Forces Group and Salvadoran service members maneuver after jumping from the ramp of a U.S. Army CH-47 Chinook helicopter during a joint training exercise over Lake Ilopango, El Salvador, January 21,
849:
Golombek, Matthew P.; Carr, Michael J. (1978). "Tidal triggering of seismic and volcanic phenomena during the 1879–1880 eruption of Islas
Quemadas volcano in El Salvador, Central America".
811:
484:
The caldera collapsed most recently sometime between 410 and 535 CE (based on radiocarbon dating of plant life directly related to the eruption), which produced widespread
668:
Dull, Robert A.; Southon, John R.; Sheets, Payson (2001). "Volcanism, Ecology and
Culture: A Reassessment of the Volcan Ilopango Tbj eruption in the Southern Maya Realm".
512:, and radiocarbon dating of a charred tree found in volcanic ash deposits. The eruption is estimated to have produced around 37–82 km (8.9–19.7 cu mi) of
884:
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within the lake and near its shore. The only historical eruption, which occurred from
December 31, 1879, up to March 26, 1880, produced a
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departments. The caldera, which contains the second largest lake in the country and is immediately east of the capital city,
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410:, has annual airshows where international pilots from all over the world fly over San Salvador City and Ilopango lake.
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in Europe and Asia, but this is unlikely given the research published in 2020 that dates the eruption to 431 CE.
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721:"The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador"
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492:; however, a team of scientists concluded that the volcanic eruption might have happened in
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773:"Effusive and explosive eruptive history of the Ilopango caldera complex, El Salvador"
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and Lake
Ilopango Caldera. The Pacific Coast is adjacent south of the city
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at the center and aft, the ilopango caldera lies just behind along with
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of 3. The lava dome reached the surface of the lake, forming the
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which fills an 8 by 11 km (72 km or 28 sq mi) volcanic
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Colossal volcano behind 'mystery' global cooling finally found
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Engraving of the eruption of the
Ilopango volcano, 1891
676:(1). Latin American Antiquity, Vol. 12, No. 1: 25–44.
763:
500:, based on volcanic shards taken from ice cores in
771:
770:Jicha, Brian R; Hernández, Walter (January 2022).
535:It was hypothesized that this eruption caused the
406:to the Pacific Ocean. The local military airbase,
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16:Crater lake in El Salvador which fills a caldera
851:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
778:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
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887:. Elsalvadorenelmundo.com. Archived from
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524:), which puts it at a rating of 6 on the
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719:Victoria C. Smith; et al. (2020).
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814:. National Geographic. 23 August 2019.
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33:Westward view from lake Ilopango, aft
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475:that blanketed much of the country.
459:eruptions occurred during the late
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913:Global Volcanism Program: Ilopango
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537:extreme weather events of 535–536
522:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
885:"Historia y cultura de Ilopango"
791:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107426
577:List of volcanoes in El Salvador
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27:
542:Later eruptions formed several
335:72 km (28 sq mi)
877:
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828:. Cambridge University Press.
826:Eruptions that shook the world
817:
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432:San Salvador Metropolitan Area
408:Ilopango International Airport
200:San Salvador Metropolitan Area
35:San Salvador Metropolitan Area
1:
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532:by the original inhabitants.
520:—several times more than the
871:10.1016/0377-0273(78)90040-9
642:"Ilopango: Eruptive History"
592:Tierra Blanca Joven eruption
480:Tierra Blanca Joven eruption
7:
948:Calderas of Central America
570:
508:recorded in ice cores from
10:
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824:Clive Oppenheimer (2011).
526:Volcanic Explosivity Index
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351:440 m (1,440 ft)
57:450 m (1,480 ft)
561:
558:known as Islas Quemadas.
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943:Volcanoes of El Salvador
670:Latin American Antiquity
647:Global Volcanism Program
436:the volcano San Salvador
386:, on the borders of the
343:230 m (750 ft)
319:11 km (6.8 mi)
738:10.1073/pnas.2003008117
652:Smithsonian Institution
616:Encyclopædia Britannica
327:8 km (5.0 mi)
132:Location in El Salvador
968:1880 natural disasters
963:1879 natural disasters
922:NASA Earth Observatory
582:Volcanic winter of 536
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196:San Salvador (volcano)
39:San Salvador (volcano)
953:Volcanic crater lakes
587:Year Without a Summer
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204:San Vicente (volcano)
938:Lakes of El Salvador
784:(107426). Elsevier.
978:1880 in El Salvador
973:1879 in El Salvador
863:1978JVGR....3..299G
731:(42): 26061–26068.
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245:Central El Salvador
194:Eastward view from
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47:Highest point
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486:pyroclastic flows
469:pyroclastic flows
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348:Surface elevation
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612:"Lake Ilopango"
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170:Last eruption
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893:. Retrieved
889:the original
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819:
810:Greshko, M.
806:
795:. Retrieved
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702:, esp. p.27.
673:
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619:. Retrieved
615:
606:
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534:
504:, levels of
490:Mayan cities
483:
467:, producing
450:
400:San Salvador
388:San Salvador
371:
370:
332:Surface area
174:1879 to 1880
530:Teotihuacan
461:Pleistocene
451:Four major
404:Jiboa River
384:El Salvador
382:in central
376:crater lake
316:Max. length
307:El Salvador
295:crater lake
276: /
251:Coordinates
146:El Salvador
88: /
63:Coordinates
932:Categories
895:2014-02-02
797:2023-12-29
598:References
550:and had a
544:lava domes
510:Antarctica
340:Max. depth
324:Max. width
698:163686184
548:lava dome
502:Greenland
498:2 CE
457:rhyolitic
396:Cuscatlán
101:Geography
53:Elevation
757:32989145
571:See also
465:Holocene
242:Location
142:Location
924:website
859:Bibcode
748:7584997
621:13 July
506:sulphur
453:dacitic
380:caldera
361:Islands
264:89°03′W
261:13°40′N
163:Caldera
152:Geology
76:89°03′W
73:13°40′N
832:
755:
745:
696:
690:971755
688:
562:Events
556:islets
514:ejecta
473:tephra
394:, and
392:La Paz
694:S2CID
686:JSTOR
374:is a
302:Basin
830:ISBN
753:PMID
725:PNAS
623:2012
471:and
463:and
447:2014
430:The
290:Type
37:and
920:at
867:doi
786:doi
782:421
743:PMC
733:doi
729:117
678:doi
552:VEI
518:DRE
494:431
934::
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707:^
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674:12
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516:(
496:±
455:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
