62:
637:
745:
528:
561:. In December 1663, Lady Castlemaine announced her conversion from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism. Historians disagree as to why she did so. Some believe it was an attempt to consolidate her position with the King, and some believe it was a way of strengthening her ties with her Catholic husband. The King treated the matter lightly, saying that he was interested in ladies' bodies, but not their souls. The Court was equally flippant, the general view being that the Church of Rome had gained nothing by her conversion, and the
201:
376:
404:, against his family's wishes; his father predicted that she would make him one of the most miserable men in the world. The Palmers had joined the ambitious group of supplicants who sailed for Brussels at the end of 1659. In 1660, Barbara became the King's mistress, and on 20 August 1660 was awarded two pennies
627:
to bring about Lord
Clarendon's downfall. On his dismissal in August 1667, Lady Castlemaine publicly mocked him; Clarendon gently reminded her that if she lived, one day she too would be old. There are also accounts of exceptional kindness from Lady Castlemaine; once, after a scaffold had fallen onto
671:
with £5,000 she gave him. The King, who was no longer troubled by the
Duchess's infidelity, was much amused when he heard about the annuity, saying that after all a young man must have something to live on. Her open promiscuity and extravagant spending made her a popular figure for satirists to use
412:
in 1661. These titles were given with the stipulation that they would only be passed down through Roger's heirs by
Barbara, and thus served as a way for the king to indirectly secure an inheritance for his illegitimate children. The two officially separated in 1662, following the birth of her first
383:
Tall, voluptuous, with masses of brunette hair, slanting, heavy-lidded violet eyes, alabaster skin, and a sensuous, sulky mouth, Barbara
Villiers was considered to be one of the most beautiful of the Royalist women, but her lack of fortune left her with reduced marriage prospects. Her first serious
691:
In 1676, the
Duchess travelled to Paris with her four youngest children, but returned to England four years later. Her extravagant tastes didn't lessen with time, and between 1682 and 1683 she had Nonsuch Palace pulled down and had the building materials sold off to pay gambling debts. She was
584:
in her own right. However, no one at court was sure if this was an indication that she was being jettisoned by
Charles, or whether this was a sign that she was even higher in his favours. The dukedom was made with a special remainder which allowed it to be passed to her eldest son,
421:
Lady
Castlemaine's influence over the King waxed and waned throughout her tenure as royal mistress. At her height, her influence was so great that she has been referred to as "The Uncrowned Queen" and she was known to assert her influence with the King over the actual Queen,
340:. He had spent his considerable fortune on horses and ammunition for a regiment he raised himself; his widow and daughter were left in straitened circumstances. Shortly after Lord Grandison's death, Barbara's mother next married Charles Villiers, 2nd
628:
a crowd of people at the theatre, she rushed to assist an injured child, and was the only court lady to have done so. Others described her as great fun, keeping a good table and with a heart to match her famous temper.
355:. Every year on 29 May, the new King's birthday, young Barbara, along with her family, descended to the cellar of their home in total darkness and clandestinely drank to his health. At that time, Charles was living in
596:, who is commonly romanticised as an orange seller. So did Barbara, who built up a reputation for promiscuity; her daughter Barbara Fitzroy, born in 1672, is believed to have been fathered by her second cousin
434:
reported that the customary bonfire outside Lady
Castlemaine's house was left conspicuously unlit for the Queen's arrival. In point of fact, she planned to give birth to her and Charles' second child at
716:
before he married
Barbara. She had complained of his "barbarous ill-treatment" of her after she stopped his allowance, and was eventually forced to summon the magistrates for protection.
692:
eventually reconciled with the King, who was seen enjoying an evening in her company a week before he died in
February 1685. After his death, the 45-year-old Duchess began an affair with
612:
Lady Castlemaine was known for her dual nature. She was famously extravagant and promiscuous, with a renowned temper that often turned itself on the King when she was displeased. Diarist
680:, which essentially banned Catholics from holding office, she lost her position as Lady of the Bedchamber, and the King cast her aside completely from her position as a mistress, taking
442:
Of her six children, five were acknowledged by Charles as his. Charles did not believe he sired the youngest, but he was coerced into legally owning paternity by Lady Castlemaine:
61:
285:, by whom she had five children, all of them acknowledged and subsequently ennobled. Barbara was the subject of many portraits, in particular by court painter Sir
1560:
557:
Her victory in being appointed as Lady of the Bedchamber was followed by rumours of an estrangement between her and the King, the result of his infatuation with
1150:
1565:
1190:
389:
672:
to indirectly ridicule the King and his court, which made her position as royal mistress all the more precarious. In 1670 Charles II gave her the famed
1268:
1447:
1272:
782:
558:
511:(1672–1737) – Barbara Villiers claimed that she was Charles's daughter, but she was probably the child of her mother's second cousin and lover,
616:
called her "the curse of the nation". She held influence over the King in her position as royal mistress and helped herself to money from the
1019:
The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales: comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time
1595:
1053:"St Margaret's Westminster Pages 567-576 Old and New London: Volume 3. Originally published by Cassell, Petter & Galpin, London, 1878"
1620:
494:
166:
636:
450:
385:
1239:. Latham, Robert, 1912-1995., Matthews, William, 1905-1975., Armstrong, William A. (William Arthur), 1915-. London: HarperCollins.
321:
205:
180:
744:
554:, chief advisor to the King and a bitter enemy of Lady Castlemaine. Behind closed doors, Barbara and the Queen feuded constantly.
664:
597:
512:
325:
1540:
1535:
1507:
980:
586:
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408:
on every Troy pound of silver minted into coins. As a reward for her services, the King created her husband Baron Limerick and
154:
1356:
1331:
763:
527:
393:
136:
28:
1221:
484:
162:
1165:
688:. The King advised his former mistress to live quietly and cause no scandal, in which case he "cared not whom she loved".
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329:
158:
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150:
17:
712:, after she discovered that he had married Mary Wadsworth, in the mistaken belief that she was an heiress, just a
1575:
1375:, 107th edition, volume 2, p. 2096. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003.
91:
620:
as well as taking bribes from the Spanish and the French, in addition to her sizable allowance from the King.
87:
1625:
657:
317:
266:
1194:
1155:. New York: Groseclose, Money & Man. (repr. Omni Publications, 1967, 1983), chapters 1-VIII (pp. 1–48)
1134:
449:(1661–1722), probably daughter of Charles II, although some people believed she bore a resemblance to the
1580:
1555:
992:
914:
516:
1610:
1585:
1451:
1590:
652:. Later in their relationship, the Duchess of Cleveland took other lovers too, including the acrobat
1605:
1052:
413:
son. It has been claimed that Roger, Lord Castlemaine, did not father any of his wife's children.
860:
333:
681:
221:
547:
502:
498:
453:. She was claimed by Charles, Chesterfield and Palmer. She later became the Countess of Sussex.
297:
192:
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8:
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696:, an actor of terrible reputation, and in March 1686 she gave birth to his child, a son.
460:
409:
397:
336:
from a wound sustained on 26 July at the storming of Bristol, while leading a brigade of
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1262:
874:
351:
in 1649, the impoverished Villiers family secretly transferred its loyalty to his son,
293:
1493:
1417:
1398:
1391:
1352:
1327:
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1166:"PALMER, Roger (1634-1705), of Llanfyllin Hall, Mont. | History of Parliament Online"
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667:. Her lovers benefited financially from the arrangement; Churchill purchased an
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67:
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661:
113:
1254:
568:
In June 1670, Charles created her Baroness Nonsuch (as she was the owner of
296:(later 1st Countess of Orkney 1657–1733), was the presumed mistress of King
931:
836:
778:
573:
431:
649:
617:
613:
593:
459:(1662–1730), styled Lord Limerick and later Earl of Southampton, created
405:
648:
The King had taken other mistresses, the most notable being the actress
1471:
1433:
The great lady, a biography of Barbara Villiers, mistress of Charles II
957:
919:
653:
532:
427:
286:
793:
Villiers is the protagonist in the following literary fiction novels:
736:, now described as oedema of the legs, with congestive heart failure.
898:
713:
580:
as a present from the King. She was made Countess of Castlemaine and
356:
337:
117:
95:
43:
708:, an unscrupulous fortune-hunter whom she later had prosecuted for
677:
375:
668:
217:
Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, Countess of Castlemaine
592:
King Charles II took lower status lovers, in particular actress
709:
577:
379:
Barbara Palmer's lack of fortune limited her marriage prospects
748:
Barbara Palmer is often featured as a character in literature.
704:
In 1705, Lord Castlemaine died, and she married Major-General
246:
733:
724:
Barbara died at the age of 68 on 9 October 1709 at her home,
623:
She also participated in politics, combining with the future
269:
17 November] 1640 – 9 October 1709), was an English
546:
Upon the birth of her oldest son in 1662, she was appointed
1393:
The Royal Whore: Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine
1234:
240:
572:). She was also, briefly, granted the ownership of the
1070:
1303:
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258:
249:
1115:
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243:
237:
426:. This initially began upon the Queen's landing at
359:, supported at first by his brother-in-law, Prince
234:
1390:
1152:Barbara Villiers: or a history of monetary crimes
204:Arms of Barbara Villiers as the only daughter of
1517:
1467:Portrait of Barbara Villiers and Charles Fitzroy
491:. She gave birth to at least eighteen children.
388:, but he was searching for a rich wife; he wed
332:. On 29 September 1643, her father died in the
1561:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism
1133:This right was protected in a schedule to the
777:(2015), played in the premiere productions by
328:, and of his wife Mary Bayning, co-heiress of
1349:Scandalous Liaisons, Charles II and His Court
1324:Scandalous Liaisons, Charles II and His Court
846:'s Thomas Chaloner series of mystery novels.
1267:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
550:despite opposition from Queen Catherine and
1373:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage
439:while the royal couple were honeymooning.
277:and perhaps the most notorious of the many
1566:Hereditary peeresses created by Charles II
1271:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1191:"Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland"
1016:
167:George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland
60:
1346:
1321:
522:
210:Argent on a cross Gules five escallops Or
1044:
757:Barbara Villiers figures prominently in
743:
635:
526:
374:
206:William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison
199:
181:William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison
83:27 November 1640 (17 November Old Style)
1430:
1388:
1285:
1121:
1088:
1076:
981:Charles II: The Power & The Passion
320:, Middlesex, she was the only child of
14:
1518:
1411:
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1100:
842:And as being a recurring character in
739:
392:in 1660. On 14 April 1659 she married
155:Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland
1050:
220:
137:Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine
29:Duchess of Cleveland (disambiguation)
1010:
163:Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield
1596:Mistresses of Charles II of England
1021:. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co.
24:
1621:Household of Catherine of Braganza
1235:Pepys, Samuel, 1633-1703. (1995).
800:(1977) by Patricia Campbell Horton
764:In Good King Charles's Golden Days
699:
159:Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton
25:
1637:
1440:
1170:www.historyofparliamentonline.org
416:
344:, a cousin of her late husband.
230:
151:Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex
1365:
1340:
1315:
1228:
1209:
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1140:
640:Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland,
447:Lady Anne Palmer, later FitzRoy
92:City and Liberty of Westminster
1448:"Portrait of Barbara Villiers"
1127:
1106:
1094:
1035:
70:. Dated to no later than 1676.
13:
1:
1541:18th-century English nobility
1536:17th-century English nobility
1382:
1351:. UK: Amberley. p. 182.
1326:. UK: Amberley. p. 167.
947:
536:
457:Charles Palmer, later FitzRoy
303:
1137:which suspended seigniorage.
1017:Burke, Bernard (1884–1969).
676:. As the result of the 1673
607:
589:, despite his illegitimacy.
386:the 2nd Earl of Chesterfield
7:
1215:William de Redman Greenman
915:The Lady and the Highwayman
631:
509:Barbara (Benedicta) FitzRoy
370:
363:, and later by his nephew,
10:
1642:
1551:18th-century English women
1546:17th-century English women
1431:Gilmour, Margaret (1941).
752:
684:as his newest "favourite"
326:the 1st Duke of Buckingham
322:the 2nd Viscount Grandison
318:St Margaret's, Westminster
26:
1504:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1472:The Diary of Samuel Pepys
1371:Mosley, Charles, editor.
1237:The diary of Samuel Pepys
824:A Health Unto His Majesty
788:
552:the 1st Earl of Clarendon
188:
176:
146:
132:
124:
103:
75:
59:
54:
41:
1616:Ladies of the Bedchamber
1412:Fraser, Antonia (2002).
1397:. Chilton Book Company.
1347:Pritchard, R. E (2015).
1322:Pritchard, R. E (2015).
1003:
833:The Sceptre and the Rose
719:
353:Charles, Prince of Wales
330:the 1st Viscount Bayning
292:Barbara's first cousin,
265:; 27 November [
49:The Duchess of Cleveland
1601:People from Westminster
1571:English Roman Catholics
1389:Andrews, Allen (1970).
1219:, p.1 Reprinted online
1217:Romances of the Peerage
990:In the 2014 miniseries
978:In the 2003 miniseries
861:Sweet Nell of Old Drury
849:
732:, after suffering from
334:First English Civil War
66:Portrait attributed to
55:Countess of Castlemaine
1576:Daughters of viscounts
1416:. Phoenix Paperbacks.
1057:British History Online
971:In the 1974 TV series
870:The Glorious Adventure
749:
645:
548:Lady of the Bedchamber
543:
523:Lady of the Bedchamber
503:Duke of Northumberland
499:Earl of Northumberland
380:
347:Upon the execution of
213:
193:Lady of the Bedchamber
34:English royal mistress
747:
639:
600:who went on to build
530:
497:(1665–1716), created
489:Countess of Lichfield
473:(1663–1690), created
465:2nd Duke of Cleveland
424:Catherine of Braganza
378:
365:William III of Orange
283:Charles II of England
203:
1626:Earls of Southampton
1494:Duchess of Cleveland
1041:The Complete Peerage
962:The First Churchills
808:Susan Holloway Scott
682:Louise de Kérouaille
582:Duchess of Cleveland
451:Earl of Chesterfield
437:Hampton Court Palace
361:William II of Orange
27:For other uses, see
1051:Thornbury, Walter.
952:Barbara is played:
927:England, My England
854:Barbara is played:
740:Cultural depictions
658:the 1st Baron Dover
517:Duke of Marlborough
487:(1664–1718), later
461:Duke of Southampton
410:Earl of Castlemaine
398:Earl of Castlemaine
324:, a half-nephew of
316:, in the parish of
1581:Dukes of Cleveland
1556:English courtesans
1481:Peerage of England
1147:del Mar, Alexander
973:Churchill's People
875:Elizabeth Beerbohm
750:
646:
565:had lost nothing.
544:
381:
294:Elizabeth Villiers
214:
1611:Deaths from edema
1586:English duchesses
1514:
1513:
1505:Succeeded by
1358:978-1-4456-4878-1
1333:978-1-4456-4878-1
1197:on 8 January 2007
998:Susannah Fielding
975:by Diana Rayworth
936:In the 2009 film
924:In the 1995 film
912:In the 1989 film
909:by Natalie Draper
903:In the 1947 film
891:In the 1934 film
879:In the 1926 film
867:In the 1922 film
858:In the 1911 film
694:Cardonell Goodman
563:Church of England
485:Charlotte FitzRoy
384:romance was with
198:
197:
16:(Redirected from
1633:
1591:Irish countesses
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1476:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1450:. Archived from
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887:Juliette Compton
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342:Earl of Anglesey
314:Barbara Villiers
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18:Lady Castlemaine
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1606:Villiers family
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1508:Charles Fitzroy
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1454:on 8 March 2006
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1414:King Charles II
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700:Second marriage
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604:later in life.
602:Blenheim Palace
587:Charles FitzRoy
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479:Duke of Grafton
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310:Villiers family
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275:Villiers family
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686:royal mistress
674:Nonsuch Palace
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598:John Churchill
570:Nonsuch Palace
559:Frances Stuart
533:Sir Peter Lely
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495:George FitzRoy
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475:Earl of Euston
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463:(1675), later
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417:Royal mistress
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402:Roman Catholic
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1531:1709 deaths
1526:1640 births
1310:Fraser 2002
1298:Fraser 2002
1112:Stirnet.com
1101:Fraser 2002
828:Jean Plaidy
767:(1939) and
650:Nell Gwynne
618:Privy Purse
614:John Evelyn
594:Nell Gwynne
540: 1666
501:(1674) and
477:(1672) and
406:seigniorage
396:(later 1st
298:William III
125:Nationality
1520:Categories
1502:1670–1709
1383:References
1149:, (1899).
958:miniseries
948:Television
920:Emma Samms
835:(1967) by
826:(1956) by
817:(1944) by
806:(2007) by
774:Nell Gwynn
654:Jacob Hall
428:Portsmouth
304:Early life
287:Peter Lely
279:mistresses
189:Occupation
86:Parish of
1263:cite book
938:Broadside
899:Anne Grey
882:Nell Gwyn
714:fortnight
608:Character
357:The Hague
338:Cavaliers
133:Spouse(s)
120:, England
118:Middlesex
98:, England
96:Middlesex
44:Her Grace
1458:23 March
1435:. Knopf.
1255:34317364
1201:16 March
1175:29 April
678:Test Act
660:and her
632:Downfall
515:, later
371:Marriage
281:of King
1224:. 1914.
1062:13 July
753:Theatre
669:annuity
273:of the
177:Parents
128:English
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710:bigamy
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467:(1709)
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720:Death
642:circa
400:), a
147:Issue
1460:2004
1418:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1273:link
1269:link
1251:OCLC
1241:ISBN
1203:2010
1177:2020
1064:2020
1023:ISBN
850:Film
781:and
644:1705
267:O.S.
262:-ərz
104:Died
76:Born
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