LGM-30 Minuteman - Knowledge

951: 687:, they cast the fuel into large cylinders with a star-shaped hole running along the inner axis. This allowed the fuel to burn along the entire length of the cylinder, rather than just the end as in earlier designs. The increased burn rate meant increased thrust. This also meant the heat was spread across the entire motor, instead of the end, and because it burned from the inside out it did not reach the wall of the missile fuselage until the fuel was finished burning. In comparison, older designs burned primarily from one end to the other, meaning that at any instant one small section of the fuselage was being subjected to extreme loads and temperatures. 466: 1944:, and the 4062nd Strategic Missile Wing (Mobile) was organized 1 December 1960. It was planned to include three missile train squadrons, each with 10 trains carrying 3 missiles per train. During the Kennedy/McNamara force reductions, the Department of Defense announced "that it has abandoned the plan for a mobile Minuteman ICBM. The concept called for 600 to be placed in service—450 in silos and 150 on special trains, each train carrying 5 missiles." Kennedy announced on 18 March 1961 that the 3 squadrons were to be replaced with "fixed-base squadrons", and Strategic Air Command discontinued the 4062nd Strategic Missile Wing on 20 February 1962. 1050:, an interceptor missile capable of shooting down Soviet warheads, provided another way to prevent a sneak attack. This had initially been proposed as a way to defend the SAC bomber fleet. The Army argued that upgraded Soviet missiles might be able to attack US missiles in their silos, and Zeus would be able to blunt such an attack. Zeus was expensive and the Air Force said it was more cost-effective to build another Minuteman missile. Given the large size and complexity of the Soviet liquid-fueled missiles, an ICBM building race was one the Soviets could not afford. Zeus was canceled in 1963. 6067: 115: 1315: 1948: 869:, had failed and were abandoned. The Air Force and Autonetics spent millions on a program to improve transistor and component reliability 100 times, leading to the "Minuteman high-rel parts" specifications. The techniques developed during this program were equally useful for improving all transistor construction, and greatly reduced the failure rate of transistor production lines in general. This improved yield, which had the effect of greatly lowering production costs, had enormous spin-off effects in the electronics industry. 6004: 691:

instantaneous thrust during the burn, which made them questionable for the sort of accuracy required to hit a target at intercontinental range. While this initially appeared to be an insurmountable problem, it ended up being solved in an almost trivial fashion. A series of ports were added inside the rocket nozzle that were opened when the guidance systems called for engine cut-off. The reduction in pressure was so abrupt that the remaining fuel broke up and blew out the nozzle without contributing to the thrust.

2143: 1799: 989:" level around 400 megatons that would be enough to prevent a Soviet attack no matter how many missiles they had of their own. All that had to be ensured was that the US missiles survived, which seemed likely given the low accuracy of the Soviet weapons. Reversing the problem, the addition of ICBMs to the US Air Force's arsenal did not eliminate the need, or desire, to attack Soviet military targets, and the Air Force maintained that bombers were the only suitable platform in that role. 1587: 2091: 996:. Launched from submarines, Polaris was effectively invulnerable and had enough accuracy to attack Soviet cities. If the Soviets improved the accuracy of their missiles this would present a serious threat to the Air Force's bombers and missiles, but none at all to the Navy's submarines. Based on the same 400 equivalent megatons calculation, they set about building a fleet of 41 submarines carrying 16 missiles each, giving the Navy a finite deterrent that was unassailable. 1007:, entitled "The Puzzle of Polaris", was passed around among high-ranking Air Force officials. It suggested that Polaris negated any need for Air Force ICBMs if they were also being aimed at Soviet cities. If the role of the missile was to present an unassailable threat to the Soviet population, Polaris was a far better solution than Minuteman. The document had long-lasting effects on the future of the Minuteman program, which, by 1961, was firmly evolving towards a 1461: 2704:(GBSD) next-generation nuclear ICBM, was made by the US Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center, ICBM Systems Directorate, GBSD Division on 29 July 2016. The GBSD would replace MMIII in the land-based portion of the US Nuclear Triad. The new missile to be phased in over a decade from the late 2020s are estimated over a fifty-year life cycle to cost around $ 86 billion. Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman were competing for the contract. 1469: 790: 1092:

service, and the Minuteman II had a CEP of 0.26 nautical miles (0.48 km; 0.30 mi). Additionally, the computers were upgraded with more memory, allowing them to store information for eight targets, which the missile crews could select among almost instantly, greatly increasing their flexibility. From that point, Minuteman became the US's primary deterrent weapon, until its performance was matched by the Navy's

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in a missile would detect failures, at which point it would be removed and recycled, while a newly built missile would take its place. The missile design was based purely on lowest possible cost, reducing its size and complexity because "the basis of the weapon's merit was its low cost per completed mission; all other factors – accuracy, vulnerability, and reliability – were secondary."

1814:. The safety features installed on the Minuteman III for each test launch allow the flight controllers to terminate the flight at any time if the systems indicate that its course may take it unsafely over inhabited areas. Since these flights are for test purposes only, even terminated flights can send back valuable information to correct a potential problem with the system. 469: 1853: 1490:

improved with a new fluid-injected motor, giving finer control than the previous four-nozzle system. Performance improvements realized in Minuteman III include increased flexibility in reentry vehicle (RV) and penetration aids deployment, increased survivability after a nuclear attack, and increased payload capacity. The missile retains a

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centers become disabled. It qualifies the aircraft as a weapon system even though Looking Glass itself cannot fire a bullet or drop a bomb. The ALCS officer is also the intelligence planner and briefs the entire battle staff on current intelligence matters, develops threat assessments, and identifies emerging threats to the United States.

2465:; missiles reassigned to 341st SMW, however in 1995 it was decided to retire the Grand Forks missiles; the last missile was pulled from its silo in June 1998. Destruction of silos and control facilities began in October 1999; the last silo (H-22) was imploded 24 August 2001 (the last US silo destroyed per the 1991 START-I treaty). 1926: 561:, which addressed the same role, allowed the Air Force to modify the Minuteman, boosting its accuracy enough to attack hardened military targets, including Soviet missile silos. The Minuteman II entered service in 1965 with a host of upgrades to improve its accuracy and survivability in the face of an 3986:...we conclude that the US Department of Defense should pursue an ICBM/SLBM Dyad as it moves to reshape its nuclear force posture at lower warhead levels. Essentially, the US is already moving in this direction: the ICBMs and SLBMs remain robust, with modernization scheduled and funded, but the aging 2711:

On 14 December 2019, it was announced that Northrop Grumman had won the competition to build the future ICBM. Northrop won by default, as their bid was at the time the only bid left to be considered for the GBSD program (Boeing had dropped out of the bidding contest earlier in 2019). The US Air Force

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On 21 August 2017, the US Air Force awarded 3-year development contracts to Boeing and Northrop Grumman, for $ 349 million and $ 329 million, respectively. One of these companies will be selected to produce this ground-based nuclear ICBM in 2020. In 2027, the GBSD program is expected to enter service

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The LGM-30F Minuteman II was an improved version of the Minuteman I missile. Its first test launch took place on September 24, 1964. Development on the Minuteman II began in 1962 as the Minuteman I entered the Strategic Air Command's nuclear force. Minuteman II production and deployment began in 1965

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In this environment, the Air Force saw their own ICBMs not as a primary weapon of war, but as a way to ensure that the Soviets would not risk a sneak attack. ICBMs, especially newer models that were housed in silos, could be expected to survive an attack by a single Soviet missile. In any conceivable

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was the primary weapon of nuclear war. Blind bombing accuracy on the order of 1,500 feet (0.46 km) was expected, and the weapons were sized to ensure even the hardest targets would be destroyed as long as the weapon fell within this range. The USAF had enough bombers to attack every military and

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Although he was removed from the Minuteman project, Hall's work on cost reduction had already produced a new design of 71 inches (1.8 m) diameter, much smaller than the Atlas and Titan at 120 inches (3.0 m), which meant smaller and cheaper silos. Hall's goal of dramatic cost reduction was a

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would allow continual production, and that similar equipment would allow a small team to oversee operations for dozens or hundreds of missiles, radically reducing the manpower requirements. Each farm would support between 1,000 and 1,500 missiles being produced in a continuous low rate cycle. Systems

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But Hall saw solid fuels not only as a way to improve launch times or survivability, but part of a radical plan to greatly reduce the cost of ICBMs so that thousands could be built. He envisioned a future where ICBMs were the primary weapon of the US, not in the supporting role of "last ditch backup"

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The U.S. Air Force has considered using some decommissioned Minuteman missiles in a satellite launching role. These missiles would be stored in silos, for launch upon short notice. The payload would be variable and would have the ability to be replaced quickly. This would allow a surge capability in

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The Guidance Replacement Program replaces the NS20A Missile Guidance Set with the NS50 Missile Guidance Set. The newer system extends the service life of the Minuteman missile beyond the year 2030 by replacing aging parts and assemblies with current, high reliability technology while maintaining the

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In 1957, a series of intelligence reports suggested the Soviet Union was far ahead in the missile race and would be able to overwhelm the US by the early 1960s. If the Soviets were building missiles in the numbers being predicted by the CIA and others within the defense establishment, by as early as

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Since the guidance program would not be running while the missile sat in the silo, the same computer was also used to run a program that monitored the various sensors and test equipment. With older designs this had been handled by external systems, requiring miles of extra wiring and many connectors

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The airborne launch control system (ALCS) officer is the missile launch team leader and, along with the operations officer, operates the ALCS. This system allows Looking Glass to transmit launch codes to the intercontinental ballistic missiles in their underground silos should ground launch control

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During the 1980s, surplus Minuteman missiles were used to power the Conestoga rocket produced by Space Services Inc. of America. It was the first privately funded rocket, but saw only three flights and was discontinued due to a lack of business. More recently, converted Minuteman missiles have been

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for several decades. All Minuteman ICBM Launch Facilities were modified and built to have the capability to receive commands from ALCS. With ALCS standing alert around-the-clock, the Soviets could no longer successfully launch a Minuteman LCC decapitation strike. Even if the Soviets attempted to do

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warhead with a yield of 1 Mt. Production for the W56 warhead with a 1.2 Mt yield began in March 1963 and W59 production was ended in July 1963 with a production run of only 150 warheads before being retired in June 1969. The W56 would continue production until May 1969 with a production run of 1000

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in 20 tracks (write heads disabled after program fill) of 24 bits each and one alterable track of 128 words. The time for a D-17 disk revolution was 10 ms. The D-17 also used a number of short loops for faster access to intermediate results storage. The D-17 computational minor cycle was three disk

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At those levels, the ICBM begins to approach the manned bomber in terms of accuracy; a small upgrade, roughly doubling the accuracy of the INS, would give it the same 1,500 feet (460 m) CEP as the manned bomber. Autonetics began such development even before the original Minuteman entered fleet

2025:. These locations were vital for ERCS effectiveness due to their centralized position in the US, within range of all missile complexes. In 1968, ERCS configurations were placed on the top of modified Minuteman II ICBMs (LGM-30Fs) under the control of the 510th Strategic Missile Squadron located at 1655:

warhead (335–350 kilotons) began replacing a number of the W62s deployed on the Minuteman IIIs. These were delivered in the Mark 12A reentry vehicle. A small, unknown number of the previous Mark 12 RVs were retained operationally, however, to maintain a capability to attack more-distant targets in

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The Hercules M57 third stage of Minuteman I and Minuteman II had thrust termination ports on the sides. These ports, when opened by detonation of shaped charges, reduced the chamber pressure so abruptly that the interior flame was blown out. This allowed a precisely timed termination of thrust for

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A penetration aids system to camouflage the warhead during its reentry into an enemy environment. In addition, the Mk-11C reentry vehicle incorporated stealth features to reduce its radar signature and make it more difficult to distinguish from decoys. The Mk-11C was no longer made of titanium for

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and miniaturized discrete electronic parts. Minuteman II was the first program to make a major commitment to these new devices. Their use made possible multiple target selection, greater accuracy and reliability, a reduction in the overall size and weight of the guidance system, and an increase in

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Using a general-purpose computer also had long-lasting effects on the Minuteman program and the US's nuclear stance in general. With Minuteman, the targeting could be easily changed by loading new trajectory information into the computer's hard drive, a task that could be completed in a few hours.

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pressed for a system with higher accuracy, but Hall countered that the missile's role was to attack Soviet cities, and that "a force which provides numerical superiority over the enemy will provide a much stronger deterrent than a numerically inferior force of greater accuracy." Hall was known for

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As work on Silos 31 and 32 neared completion, the first MINUTEMAN I test missile was launched from Pad 31 on 1 February 1961. The flight was highly successful, and it set a record for being the first launch operation in which all stages of a multi-staged missile were tested on the very first test

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In other words, the Soviets needed only 100 warheads to eliminate command and control of the Minuteman ICBMs. Even if the Soviets chose to expend two to three warheads per LCC for assured damage expectancy, the Soviets would have had to expend only up to 300 warheads to disable the Minuteman ICBM

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attack concept, strategic planners calculated that an attack of "400 equivalent megatons" aimed at the largest Soviet cities would promptly kill 30% of their population and destroy 50% of their industry. Larger attacks raised these numbers only slightly, as all of the larger targets would already

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The White House said in May that, under the treaty, the United States would deploy up to 420 Minuteman III ICBMs, up to 60 nuclear-capable heavy bombers, and 14 ballistic missile submarines, each with 20 launchers (reduced from 24 launchers). The U.S. Navy would deploy 240 Trident D-5 SLBMs (two

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With the ALCS on alert, the Soviet war planning was complicated by forcing them to target not only the 100 LCCs, but also the 1,000 silos with more than one warhead in order to guarantee destruction. This would have required upwards of 3,000 warheads to complete such an attack. The odds of being

1222:, in 1963 and 1964. All 800 Minuteman I missiles were delivered by June 1965. Each of the bases had 150 missiles emplaced; F.E. Warren had 200 of the Minuteman IB missiles. Malmstrom had 150 of the Minuteman I, and about five years later added 50 of the Minuteman II similar to those installed at 833:

that kept the missile flying along a programmed course, and the second compared the information from the inertial platform to the target coordinates and sent any needed corrections to the autopilot. To reduce the total number of parts used in Minuteman, a single faster computer was used, running

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Minuteman was designed from the outset to be launched in minutes. While solid fuel eliminated the fueling delays, the delays in starting and aligning the guidance system remained. For the desired quick launch, the guidance system would have to be kept running and aligned at all times. This was a

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After four years of internal deliberations, the U.S. Air Force has decided to empty 50 Minuteman III ICBMs from 50 of the nation's 450 ICBM silos. Instead of destroying the empty silos, however, they will be kept "warm" to allow reloading the missiles in the future if necessary. The decision to

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Chief among these qualities was its digital computer, the D-17B. This could be updated in the field with new targets and better information about the flight paths with relative ease, gaining accuracy for little cost. One of the unavoidable effects on the warhead's trajectory was the mass of the

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The LGM-30G Minuteman III program started in 1966 and included several improvements over the previous versions. Its first test launch took place on August 16, 1968. It was first deployed in 1970. Most modifications related to the final stage and reentry system (RS). The final (third) stage was

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The Minuteman I's length varied based on which variation one was to look at. The Minuteman I/A had a length of 53 ft 8 in (16.36 m) and the Minuteman I/B had a length of 55 ft 11 in (17.04 m). The Minuteman I weighed roughly 65,000 lb (29,000 kg), had an

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by building the platform in the form of a ball which could rotate in two directions. Conventional solutions used a shaft with ball bearings at either end that allowed it to rotate around a single axis only. Autonetics' design meant that only two gyros would be needed for the inertial platform,

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Guidance of an ICBM is based not only on the direction the missile is traveling but the precise instant that thrust is cut off. Too much thrust and the warhead will overshoot its target, too little and it will fall short. Solids are normally very hard to predict in terms of burn time and their

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For military applications, solid propellants are advantageous because missiles don't need to be fueled immediately prior to launch and are thus always combat ready. Many liquid propellants are difficult to store and transport safely, making it impossible to keep missiles pre-loaded with fuel.

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Faced with only a few Minuteman LCC targets, the Soviets could have concluded that the odds of being successful in a Minuteman LCC decapitation strike were higher with less risk than it would have been having to face the almost insurmountable task of successfully attacking and destroying 1000

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When the Minuteman ICBM was first placed on alert, the Soviet Union did not have the number of weapons, accuracy, nor significant nuclear yield to completely destroy the Minuteman ICBM force during an attack. However, starting in the mid-1960s, the Soviets began to gain parity with the US and

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in California, but before the missiles were set to officially be moved there it was discovered that this first set of Minuteman missiles had defective boosters which limited their range from their initial 6,300 miles (10,100 km) to 4,300 miles (6,900 km). This defect would cause the

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Previous long-range missiles used liquid fuels that could be loaded only just prior to firing. The loading process took from 30 to 60 minutes in typical designs. Although lengthy, this was not considered to be a problem at the time, because it took about the same amount of time to spin up the

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retain the silos rather than destroy them is in sharp contrast to the destruction of 100 empty silos currently underway at Malmstrom AFB and F.E. Warren AFB. Those silos were emptied of Minuteman and MX ICBMs in 2005-2008 by the Bush administration and are scheduled to be destroyed by 2016.

1988:. The missile fired at 8,000 ft (2,400 m), and the 10-second engine burn carried the missile to 20,000 feet again before it dropped into the ocean. Operational deployment was discarded due to engineering and security difficulties, and the capability was a negotiating point in the 1099:

Questions about the need for the manned bomber were quickly raised. The Air Force began to offer a number of reasons why the bomber offered value, in spite of costing more money to buy and being much more expensive to operate and maintain. Newer bombers with better survivability, like the

668:-range missiles with solids, especially for use in Europe where the fast reaction time was an advantage for weapons that might be attacked by Soviet aircraft. But Hall was convinced that they could be used for a true ICBM with a 5,500-nautical-mile (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) range. 1901:" Airborne Command Post (ABNCP) and are on alert around-the-clock. Although the Minuteman ICBM force has been reduced since the end of the Cold War, the ALCS continues to act as a force multiplier by ensuring that some enemy cannot launch a successful Minuteman LCC decapitation strike. 1722:, as well as more advanced safety devices. In addition to implementing these safety features in at least a portion of the future Minuteman III force, the decision to transfer W87s onto the missile was based on two features that improved the targeting capabilities of the weapon: more 1840:

Studying the problem, SAC realized that in order to prevent the US from launching all 1,000 Minuteman ICBMs, the Soviets did not have to target all 1,000 Minuteman missile silos. The Soviets needed to launch only a disarming decapitation strike against the 100 Minuteman LCCs – the

3763: 3555: 2130:'s 50 LFs even though they are part of the same Missile Wing). Each Minuteman wing is assisted logistically by a nearby Missile Support Base (MSB). If the ground-based LCCs are destroyed or incapacitated, the Minuteman ICBMs can be launched by airborne missileers utilizing the 1868:

command post aircraft, the ALCS demonstrated its capability on 17 April 1967 by launching an ERCS configured Minuteman II out of Vandenberg AFB, CA. Afterward, ALCS achieved Initial Operational Capability on 31 May 1967. From that point on, airborne missileers stood alert with

1072:" logic as their earlier missiles: that the weapon was primarily one designed to survive any potential Soviet attack and ensure they would be hit in return. But Minuteman had a combination of features that led to its rapid evolution into the US's primary weapon of nuclear war. 931:

The shape of these reentry vehicles required more room on the front of the missile than a traditional reentry vehicle design. To allow for this future expansion, the Minuteman silos were revised to be built 13 feet (4.0 m) deeper. Although Minuteman would not deploy a

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This reduction is in line with the 1994 Nuclear Posture Review that established the goal of an ICBM force of "450/500 Minuteman III missiles, each carrying a single warhead," though the air force was not ordered to implement the decision until the 2006 Quadrennial Defense

909:, because they were too far away. In the shorter term, looking to rapidly increase the number of missiles in its force, Minuteman was given crash development status starting in September 1958. Advanced surveying of the potential silo sites had already begun in late 1957. 5029:

The three mobile Minuteman squadrons funded in the January budget should be deferred for the time being and replaced by three more fixed-base squadrons (thus increasing the total number of missiles added by some two-thirds). Development work on the mobile version will

1845:– in order to prevent the launch of all Minuteman ICBMs. Even though the Minuteman ICBMs would have been left unscathed in their missile silos following an LCC decapitation strike, the Minuteman missiles could not be launched without a command and control capability. 1267:. The disk storage was considered hardened to radiation from nearby nuclear explosions, making it an ideal storage medium. To improve computational speed, the D-17 borrowed an instruction look-ahead feature from the Autonetics-built Field Artillery Data Computer ( 971:'s bombers, which parked in the open. Since there was no system to detect the ICBMs being launched, the possibility was raised that the Soviets could launch a sneak attack with a few dozen missiles that would take out a significant portion of SAC's bomber fleet. 743:

as the Air Force saw them at the time. This would require huge deployments, which would not be possible with existing weapons due to their high cost and operational manpower requirements. A solid fuel design would be simpler to build, and easier to maintain.

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L-3 Communications is currently using SR-19 SRBs, Minuteman II Second Stage Solid Rocket Boosters, as delivery vehicles for a range of different re-entry vehicles as targets for the THAAD and ASIP interceptor missile programs as well as radar testing.

2119:(LCC). A two-officer crew is on duty in the LCC, typically for 24 hours. The five flights are interconnected and status from any LF may be monitored by any of the five LCCs. Each LF is located at least three nautical miles (5.6 km) from any LCC. 4731:

Minneapolis, February 27, 2006 – Alliant Techsystems (NYSE: ATK) has received contract options worth $ 541 million from Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) to refurbish components and replace propellant on Minuteman III Stage 1, 2 and 3 rocket

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treaty requirements by reconfiguring Minuteman III missiles from three reentry vehicles down to one. Though it was eventually ratified by both parties, START II never entered into force and was essentially superseded by follow-on agreements such as

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The Minuteman III missile entered service in 1970, with weapon systems upgrades included during the production run from 1970 to 1978 to increase accuracy and payload capacity. As of June 2024, the USAF plans to operate it until the mid-2030s.

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scenario where both sides had similar numbers of ICBMs, the US forces would survive a sneak attack in sufficient numbers to ensure the destruction of all major Soviet cities in return. The Soviets would not risk an attack under these conditions.

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The last major advance was to use a general-purpose digital computer in place of the analog or custom designed digital computers. Previous missile designs normally used two single-purpose and very simple electromechanical computers; one ran the

1088:(CEP) of about 1.1 nautical miles (2.0 km; 1.3 mi), but this had improved to about 0.6 nautical miles (1.1 km; 0.69 mi) by 1965. This was accomplished without any mechanical changes to the missile or its navigation system. 9930: 2102:

has been the only operator of the Minuteman ICBM weapons system, currently with three operational wings and one test squadron operating the LGM-30G. The active inventory in FY 2009 is 450 missiles and 45 Missile Alert Facilities (MAF).

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The Minuteman II had a length of 57 ft 7 in (17.55 m), weighed roughly 73,000 lb (33,000 kg), had an operational range of 6,300 mi (10,200 km) with an accuracy of about 1 mi (1.6 km).

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to locations where test instruments could be connected during servicing. Now these could all be accomplished by communicating with the computer through a single connection. In order to store multiple programs, the computer, the

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for added protection, and launch in minutes. This met their need for a weapon that would be safe from sneak attacks; hitting all of the silos within a limited time window before they could launch simply did not seem possible.

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and guidance system with better azimuthal coverage, providing military planners with better accuracy and a wider range of targets. Some missiles also carried penetration aids, allowing the higher probability of kill against

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We are checking and balancing everything, but they are basically new missiles except for the shell," said Michael Knipp, ICBM program analyst. "Over the last decade we've done more than $ 7 billion worth of upgrades to 450

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Minuteman silos and 100 Minuteman LCCs to ensure Minuteman was disabled. This theory motivated SAC to design a survivable means to launch Minuteman, even if all the ground-based command and control sites were destroyed.

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It's not clear exactly why the W59 was replaced by the W56 after deployment but issues with "... one-point safety" and "performance under aged conditions" were cited in a 1987 congressional report regarding the warhead.

10657: 10359: 9534: 2785:. The North Dakota State Historical Society maintains the Ronald Reagan Minuteman Missile Site, preserving a Missile Alert Facility, Launch Control Center and Launch Facility in the WS-133B "Deuce" configuration, near 9970: 9504: 1789:

In 2014, the Air Force decided to put fifty Minuteman III silos into "warm" unarmed status, taking up half of the 100 slots in America's allowable nuclear reserve. These can be reloaded in the future if necessary.

1833:(ALCS) is an integral part of the Minuteman ICBM command and control system and provides a survivable launch capability for the Minuteman ICBM force if ground-based launch control centers (LCCs) are destroyed. 9726: 9549: 9350: 8496: 1642:

The Minuteman III has a length of 59.9 ft (18.3 m), weighs 79,432 lb (36,030 kg), an operational range of 8,700 mi (14,000 km), and an accuracy of about 800 ft (240 m).

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of the early 1970s eventually emerged with a price tag around $ 200 million (equivalent to $ 600 million in 2023) while the Minuteman IIIs built during the 1970s cost only $ 7 million ($ 30 million in 2023).

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The MGS was installed by the 20th Air Force onto a Minuteman III missile at Minot Air Force Base, N.D in January. Today, the entire force of 450 land-based ICBMs is converted to the modernized MGS, known as

702:, but had always been skeptical of the system. The Navy felt that liquid fuels were too dangerous to use onboard ships, especially submarines. Rapid success in the solids development program, combined with 9696: 966:

Soviet ICBMs upset this equation to a degree. Their accuracy was known to be low, on the order of 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi), but they carried large warheads that would be useful against

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The United States took a giant step toward pushbutton warfare capability Wednesday when a Minuteman missile streaked 4,000 miles down the Atlantic Range in a spectacularly successful first flight test.

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The Minuteman III missiles use D-37D computers and complete the 1,000 missile deployment of this system. The initial cost of these computers range from about $ 139,000 (D-37C) to $ 250,000 (D-17B).

9544: 10667: 10347: 9539: 9236: 9228: 1519:(MIRV). A single missile was then able to target three separate locations. This was an improvement from the Minuteman I and Minuteman II models, which were able to carry only one large warhead. 928:

and the Boost Glide Reentry Vehicle. These used long and skinny arrow-like shapes that provided aerodynamic lift in the high atmosphere, and could be fitted to existing missiles like Minuteman.

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CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) - A Minuteman missile sprang from a pit Friday and streaked 3,000 miles in a major success which gave the United States a big boost towards pushbutton war capability.

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calls into question the value of 28 the B-52 fleet, while the modernized but very small B-2 force is assuming a niche role. In short, the United States will soon field a de facto nuclear Dyad.

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The Minuteman III was the world's first MIRV'ed ICBM. A MIRV (multiple independent re-entry vehicles) permits each missile to carry multiple warheads, and direct each one at a separate target.

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facilities. This provided decreased reaction time and increased survivability when under nuclear attack. Final changes to the system were performed to increase compatibility with the expected

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Beginning in 1998 and continuing through 2009, the Propulsion Replacement Program extends the life and maintains the performance by replacing the old solid propellant boosters (downstages).

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concept, which survives into the present. Although this argument was successful, the number of manned bombers has been repeatedly cut and the deterrent role increasingly passed to missiles.

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potentially had the capability to target and successfully attack the Minuteman force with an increased number of ICBMs that had greater yields and accuracy than were previously available.

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Earlier ICBMs' custom wired computers, on the other hand, could have attacked only a single target, whose precise trajectory information was hard-coded directly in the system's logic.

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options which allowed for greater targeting flexibility, and the most accurate reentry vehicle available, which provided a greater probability of damage to the designated targets.

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Inactivated 1994 when Minuteman II phased out of inventory. All retired between 3 December 1991 and April 1994, with destruction of silos and alert facilities finishing in 1996.

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Marti and Sarigul-Klijn, A Study of Air Launch Methods for RLVs. Doc No. AIAA 2001–4619, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Dept, University of California, Davis, CA 95616

2537:(ERCS) missiles in addition to Minuteman II ICBMs. The 351st SMW was inactivated under START-I. The first silo was imploded on 8 December 1993 and the last on 15 December 1997. 1550:

A fixed nozzle with a liquid injection thrust vector control system on the new third-stage motor (similar to the second-stage Minuteman II nozzle) additionally increased range.

734:

ICBMs was progressing, and "storable" liquids were being developed that would allow missiles to be left in a ready-to-shoot form for extended periods. These could be placed in

9922: 9761: 9674: 3219: 3175: 1252:

revolutions or 30 ms. During that time all recurring computations were performed. For ground operations, the inertial platform was aligned and gyro correction rates updated.

10787: 10542: 10537: 9380: 8992: 4605: 4463:

Molecular packaging of integrated circuits has been suggested by Microsemiconductor Corp. This would involve the same process the company uses for diodes it supplies to the

10547: 9307: 8761: 1296:

design including the W59 suffered from a critical one-point safety issue and suffered premature tritium aging issues that needed to be corrected after entry into service.

4841: 9375: 9155: 9632: 1634:

The existing Minuteman III missiles have been further improved over the decades in service, with more than $ 7 billion spent in the 2010s to upgrade the 450 missiles.

3970: 5993: 4029:

The Air Force today fires a Minuteman intercontinental missile to a target 4,200 miles down the Atlantic Range in a successful "go for broke" test of the new rocket.

2014:(ERCS). Specially designed rockets called BLUE SCOUT carried radio-transmitting payloads high above the continental United States, to relay messages to units within 1255:

During a flight, filtered command outputs were sent by each minor cycle to the engine nozzles. Unlike modern computers, which use descendants of that technology for

10247: 8576: 8543: 7687: 4500:

Minuteman III/Mk-12 RV warhead; remaining W-62s part of U.S. "enduring stockpile", but will be removed from active service under START II (to be replaced by W-88s)

2528: 2456: 2303: 2389: 2248: 2192: 1541:. This enables it to dispense decoys or – with MIRV – dispense individual RVs to separate targets. For the PSRE it uses the bipropellant Rocketdyne RS-14 engine. 905:, which would be carried aboard aircraft flying far from the Soviet Union, and thus impossible to attack by either ICBM, because they were moving, or long-range 3425: 9499: 1537:

Minuteman III introduced in the post-boost-stage ("bus") an additional liquid-fuel propulsion system rocket engine (PSRE) that is used to slightly adjust the

11161: 11086: 5960: 1363:

with liquid injection thrust vector control on a larger second-stage motor to increase missile range. Additional motor improvements to increase reliability.

5313: 4768: 963:

industrial target in the USSR and was confident that its bombers would survive in sufficient numbers that such a strike would utterly destroy the country.

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force – far less than the total number of Minuteman silos. The Soviets could have then used the remaining warheads to strike other targets they chose.

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targeting accuracy. The larger Minuteman III third-stage motor also has thrust termination ports although the final velocity is determined by PSRE.

1035:, and Minuteman's low production cost made its selection a foregone conclusion. Atlas and Titan were soon scrapped, and the storable liquid fueled 11217: 9957: 7405: 7360: 4871: 2011: 584:

By the 1970s, 1,000 Minuteman missiles were deployed. This force has shrunk to 400 Minuteman III missiles as of September 2017, deployed in

5476: 11250: 10422: 9965: 9912: 9803: 9664: 9637: 9529: 7794: 7697: 7658: 7490: 3374: 3215: 3171: 3020: 4706: 1180:

instead. These changes would allow the missiles, even with their defective boosters, to reach their intended targets in the case of a launch.

11265: 11131: 11059: 11015: 10857: 10852: 10839: 10762: 10749: 10694: 10684: 10679: 10564: 10502: 10183: 10173: 10093: 9952: 9741: 9716: 9562: 9487: 9248: 9243: 7325: 5986: 1084:) mapped these with increasing accuracy, feeding that information back into the Minuteman fleet. The Minuteman was initially deployed with a 1785:). All Minuteman I and Minuteman II missiles have been retired. The United States prefers to keep its MIRV deterrents on submarine-launched 763:

his "friction with others" and in 1958 Schriever removed him from the Minuteman project, sending him to the UK to oversee deployment of the

11025: 10672: 10644: 10629: 10624: 10597: 10569: 10469: 10464: 9880: 5403: 4951: 5283: 1810:

in order to validate the effectiveness, readiness, and accuracy of the weapon system, as well as to support the system's primary purpose,

1031:, was tasked with continuing the expansion and modernisation of the US nuclear deterrent while limiting spending. McNamara began to apply 569:(MIRV): three smaller warheads that improved the missile's ability to strike targets defended by ABMs. They were initially armed with the 10970: 10817: 10724: 10712: 10454: 10449: 10429: 10404: 9355: 8320: 3871: 1318:

The guidance system of the Minuteman II was much smaller due to the use of integrated circuits. The inertial platform is in the top bay.

714:, led the Navy to abandon Jupiter and begin development of their own solid-fuel missile. Aerojet's work with Hall was adapted for their 9885: 9032: 5433: 5082: 4487: 2007: 999:

This presented a serious problem for the Air Force. They were still pressing for the development of newer bombers, like the supersonic

4096: 1698:, which do not limit MIRV capability. Minuteman III remains fitted with a single warhead due to the warhead limitations in New START. 1003:, for attacks against military targets, but this role seemed increasingly unlikely in a nuclear war scenario. A February 1960 memo by 10804: 10729: 10652: 10587: 10559: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10369: 10324: 10304: 10254: 10204: 10161: 10156: 10143: 10131: 10126: 10111: 10106: 10083: 10073: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10005: 9985: 9828: 9679: 9659: 9597: 9592: 9437: 9367: 9325: 9168: 9163: 8871: 8668: 8643: 8598: 8581: 8563: 8553: 7672: 7495: 7257: 3204: 2604: 2598: 2592: 680: 351: 3255: 1475:

work on a Minuteman III's multiple independently-targetable re-entry vehicle (MIRV) system. Current missiles carry a single warhead.

936:

warhead, the extra space proved invaluable in the future, as it allowed the missile to be extended and carry more fuel and payload.

11141: 9977: 9467: 7839: 7252: 5979: 5550: 4806: 3160: 2770: 2734: 2728: 4639: 4593: 3191:

The name of the Minuteman missile refers to the ability to launch the missile within minutes after receipt of a valid launch order

7937: 7318: 1081: 9995: 9838: 9774: 9078: 4833: 4652:

Initial deployment in December 1979, replacing W-62s already deployed on Minuteman IIIs. Deployment completed in February 1983.

4570: 2001: 1104:, cost many times more than the Minuteman, and, in spite of great efforts through the 1960s, became increasingly vulnerable to 954:

The Polaris SLBM could ostensibly fill the role of the Minuteman, and was perceived as significantly less vulnerable to attack.

3094: 3072: 2111:

The basic tactical unit of a Minuteman wing is the squadron, consisting of five flights. Each flight consists of ten unmanned

1976:

proposal in which SAMSO (Space & Missile Systems Organization) successfully conducted an Air Mobile Feasibility Test that

1936:

was a program for rail-based ICBMs to help increase survivability and for which the USAF released details on 12 October 1959.

10822: 7874: 7844: 7628: 6679: 5815: 5780: 5711: 5680: 5641: 5598: 4399: 4222: 3804: 3749: 3667: 3525: 2879: 2712:

said: "The Air Force will proceed with an aggressive and effective sole-source negotiation." in reference to Northrop's bid.

2534: 1691: 17: 5060: 4175: 9120: 9071: 7163: 5744: 5506: 4187: 3400: 1567:

The Guidance Replacement Program, initiated in 1993, replaced the disk-based D37D flight computer with a new one that uses

1436:. The Minuteman II flight computer continued to use rotating magnetic disks for primary storage. The Minuteman II included 526:

that required fueling before launch and so might be destroyed in a surprise attack. The missile was named for the colonial

508: 6066: 5252: 5216: 5171: 5122: 2018:. In the event of a nuclear attack, ERCS payloads would relay pre-programmed messages giving the "go-order" to SAC units. 1375:

the survivability of the guidance system in a nuclear environment. The guidance system contained 2,000 microchips made by

9509: 9300: 7879: 7753: 6489: 5016: 2621: 2610: 2321: 2068: 1886: 5924: 1405:

The Minuteman II program was the first mass-produced system to use a computer constructed from integrated circuits (the

1120:

system of some sort, the ICBM and SLBM fleet might be rendered useless, while the bombers would remain. This became the

9567: 2884: 1329: 1024: 489: 57: 1116:

The Air Force countered that having a variety of platforms complicated the defense; if the Soviets built an effective

9604: 9340: 8781: 4802: 4092: 3418: 3370: 3290: 3068: 2757: 1714:

missile were replaced on the Minuteman III force under the Safety Enhanced Reentry Vehicle (SERV) program. The older

565:(ABM) system the Soviets were known to be developing. In 1970, the Minuteman III became the first deployed ICBM with 7915: 6657: 1284:

warheads. Mods 0 to 3 were retired by September 1966 and the Mod 4 version would remain in service until the 1990s.

9684: 9054: 9049: 7799: 7643: 7355: 6036: 3741: 2701: 1564:

instead of rotating magnetic disk for primary storage was developed as a backup for the D37D but was never adopted.

1152: 605: 1929:

Some effort was given to a mobile version of Minuteman to improve its survivability, but this was later cancelled.

9027: 8558: 8313: 8266: 6007: 4946: 4601: 3937: 2614: 2580: 1989: 1890: 1882: 835: 493: 5528: 5321: 4758: 500:(Version 3) is the only land-based ICBM in service in the United States and represents the land leg of the U.S. 11270: 10020: 9749: 9689: 7834: 6377: 4905: 2859: 2572: 2131: 1964: 1951: 1874:

so, EC-135s equipped with the ALCS could fly overhead and launch the remaining Minuteman ICBMs in retaliation.

1870: 1830: 1077: 902: 861:, which were at that time very expensive and not very reliable. Earlier efforts to use computers for guidance, 665: 3203:

Bott, Mitch; Griffin, Chris; Gupta, Shalini; Jeffery, Jared; Schilling, Troy; Suarez, Vivian (6 August 2009).

1159:'s arsenal in 1962. After the first batch of Minuteman I's were fully developed and ready for stationing, the 8411: 7904: 7556: 7541: 2874: 1937: 1842: 1429: 1101: 1040: 1000: 661: 5381: 4665:"Photo Release -- Northrop Grumman/Air Force Complete Guidance Upgrade Installations On Minuteman III ICBMs" 1080:

that pull on the warhead as it passes over them. Through the 1960s, the Defense Mapping Agency (now part of

11245: 10927: 9066: 8851: 8771: 8711: 8282: 7897: 7824: 7819: 7638: 7505: 4122: 4002: 3583: 2778: 2542: 2462: 2418: 2116: 1527: 1248: 924:(MARV), which greatly complicated the problem of shooting down a warhead. Two designs were tested in 1957, 649: 4044: 2912:-launched; the "G" indicates that it is designed to attack ground targets; the "M" indicates that it is a 660:

ICBMs. Solid fuels were already commonly used in short-range rockets. Hall's superiors were interested in

9917: 9845: 9345: 8920: 8887: 7930: 7303: 6543: 3987: 3109: 3107: 2864: 2586: 2563: 1807: 921: 477: 4977: 4863: 1685:

The Single Reentry Vehicle modification enabled the United States ICBM force to abide by the now-voided

1235:

operational range of 5,500 mi (8,900 km) with an accuracy of about 1.5 mi (2.4 km).

9447: 9409: 9312: 8902: 8766: 8731: 8694: 8506: 8349: 8306: 7814: 7598: 7278: 7043: 7038: 6917: 6548: 6391: 6198: 5955: 5914: 4362: 4012: 2675: 1818: 1750: 1494: 1413: 1063: 883: 531: 418: 3104: 950: 694:

The first to use these developments was the US Navy. It had been involved in a joint program with the

11255: 11151: 9791: 9701: 9644: 9424: 9414: 9218: 8987: 8481: 7465: 7380: 7313: 7143: 6907: 6672: 5351: 2786: 2015: 4707:"ATK Awarded Follow-on Options Worth $ 541 Million for Minuteman III Propulsion Replacement Program" 3359: 3147:

Consequently, liquid propellant missiles require a long fueling process before they can be launched.

3137: 2645:– Vandenberg AFB, California (Missile Maintenance Training and Missile Initial Qualification Course) 1821:

is responsible for planning, preparing, conducting, and assessing all ICBM ground and flight tests.

10264: 9649: 9206: 8699: 8241: 7854: 7789: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6046: 6031: 6021: 5590: 4718: 4597: 4127: 4049: 3651: 1774: 1425: 1293: 799: 646: 589: 4333:

Report to Congress on stockpile reliability, weapon remanufacture, and the role of nuclear testing

820:

that they claimed had been running continually from 1952 to 1957. Autonetics further advanced the

746:

Hall's ultimate plan was to build a number of integrated missile "farms" that included factories,

11091: 10010: 9796: 9295: 9186: 9138: 9037: 8491: 8486: 8354: 8329: 7947: 7293: 6505: 6056: 6041: 2662: 2112: 2099: 2026: 1898: 1433: 1160: 1085: 747: 433: 120: 3659: 3644: 3205:"Discussion of the Unique and Complementary Characteristics of the ICBM and SLBM Weapon Systems" 10897: 8937: 8786: 8726: 8704: 8376: 7923: 7108: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6276: 6271: 4915:. Vol. 25, no. 1. Association of Air Force Missileers. pp. 13–16. Archived from 3859: 3507: 2648: 2642: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2482: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2406: 2294: 2233: 2227: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2127: 2123: 1117: 1105: 913: 897:

The Air Force responded by beginning research into survivable strategic missiles, starting the

562: 4447: 758:

Hall's plan did not go unopposed, especially by the more established names in the ICBM field.

11187: 10364: 10334: 10279: 9711: 9278: 9143: 9115: 9083: 8861: 8344: 8200: 8195: 7663: 7455: 7028: 6932: 6596: 6447: 6412: 6407: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6225: 5889:

Technical Order 21M-LGM30G-2-1-7: Organizational Maintenance Control, Minuteman Weapon System

5772: 5703: 4385: 4214: 3966: 3879: 2782: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2288: 2282: 2239: 2158: 1624:

5. The Post-Boost Vehicle maneuvers itself and prepares for re-entry vehicle (RV) deployment.

1441: 1156: 1032: 968: 5086: 4745:"Minuteman III test launch showcases readiness of US nuclear force's safe, effective deterr" 4479: 4309: 3955: 3735: 3511: 9850: 9754: 9059: 8932: 8925: 8533: 8361: 8287: 7859: 7809: 7717: 7227: 6665: 6580: 6251: 6246: 6051: 6026: 4084: 2410: 1914:

For the subsequent plans for Peacekeeper Rail Garrison and Soviet Scalpel rail basing, see

1762: 1719: 1618:

4. About 180 seconds after launch, 3rd-stage thrust terminates and the Post-Boost Vehicle (

1428:, which had similar weight and ruggedness constraints. The Apollo integrated circuits were 1399: 906: 767:. On his return to the US in 1959, Hall retired from the Air Force. He received his second 597: 574: 523: 146: 4913:

Air Force Missileers - The Quarterly Newsletter of the Association of Air Force Missileers

4387:

The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution

958:

During Minuteman's early development, the Air Force maintained the policy that the manned

8: 10259: 9609: 9397: 9273: 8618: 8464: 8298: 8190: 7365: 7205: 7128: 6538: 6363: 6241: 6118: 6095: 5934: 5919: 4714: 4391: 4368: 4144: 4066: 4024: 4007: 3655: 3299: 3247: 3113: 3093: 2869: 2666: 1941: 1739: 1711: 1395: 1109: 518:

Development of the Minuteman began in the mid-1950s when basic research indicated that a

399: 5558: 4794: 4537: 2983: 1878:

successful in such an attack on the Minuteman ICBM force would have been extremely low.

10869: 10354: 10242: 9706: 9579: 9125: 8185: 7440: 7390: 7247: 7215: 6922: 6780: 6646: 6564: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6182: 6082: 5971: 5903: 5759: 4790: 4763: 4631: 3867: 3851: 3593: 3313: 3281: 3012: 2965: 2490: 2475: 2263: 2053: 1782: 1568: 1561: 857:

Building a computer with the required performance, size and weight demanded the use of

554: 505: 4439: 2951: 1669:

current accuracy performance. The replacement program was completed 25 February 2008.

10922: 9419: 9290: 8751: 8454: 8231: 8095: 7945: 7869: 7849: 7500: 7445: 7400: 7370: 7168: 7158: 6993: 6738: 6687: 6641: 6626: 6303: 6177: 6172: 5829: 5821: 5811: 5800: 5786: 5776: 5717: 5707: 5686: 5676: 5647: 5637: 5612: 5604: 5594: 5466:(21 August 2017) "Pentagon narrows competition for the next big U.S. nuclear missile" 5052: 4446:. Vol. 14, no. 5. American Aviation Publications. 3 February 1964. p. 4413: 4405: 4395: 4336: 4283: 4275: 4267: 4236: 4228: 4218: 3905:

Trident submarines typically are in longterm maintenance and have no SLBMs on board).

3883: 3810: 3800: 3796: 3787: 3755: 3745: 3673: 3663: 3609: 3601: 3588: 3584:"Edward N. Hall, 91; Rocket Pioneer Seen as the Father of Minuteman ICBM (obituary )" 3539: 3531: 3521: 3337: 3329: 3321: 2399: 2350: 2207: 2151: 2049: 1811: 1770: 1758: 1421: 1376: 1256: 1093: 1068:

Minuteman's selection as the primary Air Force ICBM was initially based on the same "

538: 519: 296: 293: 5929: 4562: 4512: 3125: 1742:(MX) ICBM, which was to have replaced the Minuteman, was retired in 2005 as part of 1628:

7. The RVs and chaff re-enter the atmosphere at high speeds and are armed in flight.

10882: 10782: 9731: 8806: 8633: 8568: 8256: 8125: 8004: 7864: 7769: 7485: 7470: 7350: 7345: 7237: 7098: 6852: 6835: 6750: 6090: 5944: 5852: 4672: 4458: 4132: 4054: 3833: 3696: 3303: 3161:"Unique and Complementary Characteristics of the U.S. ICBM and SLBM Weapon Systems" 3060: 3042: 2889: 2064: 1602:

2. About 60 seconds after launch, the 1st stage drops off and the 2nd-stage motor (

1047: 1036: 986: 959: 882:

1961 they would have enough to attack all SAC and ICBM bases in the US in a single

821: 784: 617: 512: 403: 6003: 1947: 1893:(USSTRATCOM). The weapon system is also located on board the United States Navy's 1314: 9779: 9432: 9201: 9191: 9002: 8721: 8518: 8251: 8080: 8075: 7722: 7707: 7677: 7618: 7566: 7561: 7515: 7430: 7385: 7288: 7133: 7103: 7073: 7068: 7063: 6912: 6897: 6892: 6867: 6857: 6830: 6795: 6760: 6728: 6713: 6156: 5837: 5655: 5620: 4421: 4381: 4291: 4244: 4169: 3872:"Chapter 4: Deterring Nuclear Attack on the United States and Declaratory Policy" 3847: 3818: 3681: 3547: 2837: 2425: 1786: 1523: 1391: 1264: 1223: 1207: 1028: 1020: 806:

serious problem for the mechanical systems, especially the gyroscopes which used

775:

success, although many of the other concepts of his missile farm were abandoned.

768: 707: 657: 613: 5730: 3918: 2142: 894:" of a few years earlier, but through the late 1950s, it was a serious concern. 726:

The US Air Force saw no pressing need for a solid fuel ICBM. Development of the

10444: 9900: 9860: 9012: 8980: 8967: 8814: 8613: 8175: 8155: 8135: 8130: 7784: 7682: 7608: 7581: 7510: 7375: 7283: 7242: 7210: 7195: 7153: 7048: 7023: 7008: 6972: 6962: 6927: 6902: 6882: 6847: 6800: 6765: 6723: 6616: 6151: 5241: 5205: 5160: 5111: 3923: 2913: 2822: 1164: 993: 945: 715: 711: 699: 684: 642: 578: 558: 395: 5949: 5908: 5007: 4332: 4287: 4211:

The U.S. Nuclear Arsenal: A History of Weapons and Delivery Systems since 1945

3711: 3543: 11239: 10342: 9522: 9213: 8841: 8741: 8686: 8501: 8421: 8205: 8180: 8150: 8085: 8060: 8050: 8030: 8014: 7623: 7588: 7576: 7571: 7460: 7308: 7118: 7058: 7033: 7013: 7003: 6977: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6842: 6825: 6775: 6755: 6733: 6708: 6703: 6146: 6141: 5833: 5790: 5721: 5690: 5616: 4688: 4417: 4240: 4206: 4171:

To Defend and Deter: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Missile Program

3954:

Johnson, Dana J.; Bowie, Christopher J.; Haffa, Robert P. (12 January 2009).

3887: 3814: 3759: 3677: 3639: 3605: 3597: 3341: 3325: 3317: 2740: 2358: 2269: 1985: 1865: 1798: 1596:

1. The missile launches out of its silo by firing its 1st-stage boost motor (

1571: 1508:

Mk-12 warheads, having a yield of only 170 kilotons TNT, instead of previous

1191: 1173: 1121: 1069: 847: 751: 703: 546: 501: 5651: 5624: 4425: 4248: 3822: 3712:"Of myths and missiles: the truth about John F. Kennedy and the Missile Gap" 2485:(Inactivated 2008, WS-133B system retired, missiles recycled into inventory) 11207: 10212: 9574: 9474: 9392: 8897: 8801: 8528: 8523: 8513: 8371: 8261: 8105: 8100: 8065: 8009: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7748: 7732: 7712: 7702: 7692: 7653: 7603: 7593: 7546: 7480: 7450: 7410: 7395: 7232: 7185: 7138: 7113: 7078: 6998: 6887: 6805: 6718: 6136: 5965: 5841: 5807: 5659: 3863: 3855: 3685: 3613: 3551: 2909: 2802: 2790: 2774: 2722: 2553: 2497: 2429: 2362: 2218: 2090: 1894: 1766: 1560:

A Honeywell HDC-701 flight computer which employed non-destructive readout

1324: 1289: 1215: 1203: 1195: 1059: 1046:

Minuteman's low cost had spin-off effects on non-ICBM programs. The Army's

1008: 980: 866: 807: 735: 601: 585: 550: 542: 522:

motor could stand ready to launch for long periods of time, in contrast to

457: 4295: 1586: 1500:

Minuteman III originally contained the following distinguishing features:

1402:. These newer missiles were later deployed into modified Minuteman silos. 1279:

At its introduction into service in 1962, Minuteman I was fitted with the

10912: 10907: 10902: 10847: 10792: 10497: 10269: 9196: 8975: 8942: 8791: 8663: 8623: 8394: 8389: 8366: 8221: 8145: 8120: 8115: 8090: 8070: 8055: 7969: 7420: 7190: 7180: 7083: 6871: 6820: 6790: 6785: 6770: 6745: 6636: 6621: 4710: 2817: 1925: 1897:. The ALCS crews are integrated into the battle staff of the USSTRATCOM " 1417: 933: 925: 917: 887: 817: 764: 731: 727: 671:

To achieve the required energy, that year Hall began funding research at

653: 389: 4085:"Ch. III §8: The 6555th's Role in the Development of Ballistic Missiles" 3100:(Report). Sandia National Labs. September 1990. p. 65. SAND90-1238. 2021:

BLUE SCOUT launch sites were located at Wisner, West Point and Tekamah,

1630:

8. The nuclear warheads initiate, either as air bursts or ground bursts.

1460: 1332:. The payload consisted of a single Mk-11C reentry vehicle containing a 645:, who in 1956 was given charge of the solid-fuel-propulsion division of 553:

counterattack if the U.S. was attacked. However, the development of the

10604: 10417: 9833: 9811: 9557: 8658: 8653: 8246: 8236: 8226: 8170: 8165: 7222: 7123: 7093: 6631: 4271: 2827: 2685: 2652: 2327: 1981: 1626:

6. The RVs, as well as decoys and chaff, are deployed during back away.

1538: 1406: 1371: 1169: 891: 858: 813: 4340: 3513:

Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance

3308: 3285: 1247:

used a rotating air bearing magnetic disk holding 2,560 "cold-stored"

43: 10507: 10459: 10227: 8831: 7804: 7018: 6967: 5520: 5477:"Boeing, Northrop Grumman receive development contracts for new ICBM" 3517: 2549: 2214: 1695: 1452: 1386:

A larger warhead in the reentry vehicle to increase kill probability.

1337: 1268: 1260: 1199: 851: 830: 527: 5939: 5507:"Northrop Grumman wins competition to build future ICBM, by default" 4916: 3401:"Northrop Grumman wins competition to build future ICBM, by default" 1856:

An Airborne Missileer operating Common ALCS on board an EC-135A ALCC

1468: 7667: 5880:

Technical Order 21M-LGM30G-1-22: Minuteman Weapon System Operations

5871:

Technical Order 21M-LGM30G-1-1: Minuteman Weapon System Description

5741: 4783: 4632:"The W-78 Warhead - Intermediate Yield Strategic ICBM MIRV Warhead" 3876:

U.S. Nuclear and Extended Deterrence: Considerations and Challenges

2689: 2501: 2331: 2030: 2022: 1915: 1743: 1718:

did not have many of the safety features of the newer W87, such as

1686: 1219: 802:, set the initial position, and program in the target coordinates. 759: 8288:

United States tri-service missile and drone designations post-1962

5961:

60 Minutes shocked to find 8-inch floppies drive nuclear deterrent

5634:

Cold War Legacy: A Tribute to the Strategic Air Command: 1946–1992

5608: 4409: 4232: 789: 11005: 11000: 10552: 10025: 8160: 7551: 7425: 7415: 7340: 7273: 5672: 4279: 3956:"TRIAD, DYAD, MONAD? SHAPING THE US NUCLEAR FORCE FOR THE FUTURE" 2847: 2842: 2273: 2162: 1977: 1973: 1778: 1754: 1211: 1177: 695: 676: 609: 593: 331: 327: 317: 307: 5825: 4795:"Obama Administration Decision Weakens New START Implementation" 3793:

Daydream Believers: How a Few Grand Ideas Wrecked American Power

3535: 3360:"New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms" 3333: 1995: 1424:. The other major customer of early integrated circuits was the 10178: 8648: 8538: 8110: 7633: 7613: 7475: 7435: 7335: 7200: 7175: 7148: 7053: 5404:"Boeing Ready to Design Next Generation of US Nuclear Missiles" 5373: 2656: 1806:

Minuteman III missiles are regularly tested with launches from

1491: 1472: 1360: 1271:) that permitted simple instruction execution every word time. 1039:

deployment was severely curtailed. McNamara also cancelled the

898: 672: 135: 5587:

The Missile Next Door: The Minuteman in the American Heartland

3235:

Missiles can be launched within minutes after receipt of order

750:, transport and recycling. He was aware that new computerized 628: 612:. The Minuteman III will be progressively replaced by the new 10887: 9624: 7829: 7779: 7774: 6877: 6815: 6810: 5314:"625th Strategic Operations Squadron Activated at Offutt AFB" 4444:

missiles and rockets - The Weekly of Space System Engineering

4369:

Sandia Weapon Review: Nuclear Weapon Characteristics Handbook

3114:

Sandia Weapon Review: Nuclear Weapon Characteristics Handbook

3095:

Sandia Weapon Review: Nuclear Weapon Characteristics Handbook

2812: 2781:(D-01) and a launch facility (D-09) under the control of the 1919: 1531: 1437: 1409: 1367: 1244: 1172:

as planned. The decision was made to station the missiles at

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missiles to fall short of their targets if launched over the

862: 843: 793:

Autonetics D-17 guidance computer from a Minuteman I missile.

4563:"Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs)" 4440:"Integrated Circuits Improving In Quality, Dropping in Cost" 3646:

Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century Journey in Science and Politics

2760:

at Cheyenne, Wyoming (modified for Peacekeeper ICBM in 1986)

2700:

A request for proposal for development and maintenance of a

10892: 5434:"US Air Force set to replace intercontinental nuke arsenal" 5194: 5192: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5009:

99 – Special Message to the Congress on the Defense Budget.

2832: 2807: 2670: 1723: 1657: 1591: 1554: 1127: 1004: 384: 8328: 3043:"LGM-30 Minuteman III ICBM - United States Nuclear Forces" 2419:

321st Strategic Missile (later Missile) Wing (later Group)

2036:

The Minuteman ERCS may have been assigned the designation

1660:(the Mark 12 RV weighed slightly less than the Mark 12A). 1323:

and completed in 1967. It had an increased range, greater

641:

Minuteman owes its existence largely to Air Force Colonel

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Lonnquest, John C.; Winkler, David F. (1 November 1996).

1852: 1715: 1707: 1652: 1574: 1522:

An RS capable of deploying, in addition to the warheads,

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Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the United States

6001: 5636:(1st ed.). Pictorial Histories Publishing Company. 5189: 5140: 4834:"U.S. continues to test Cold War-era Minuteman missiles" 4789: 2529:

351st Missile Wing LGM-30 Minuteman Missile Launch Sites

2457:

321st Missile Wing LGM-30 Minuteman Missile Launch Sites

1824: 1612:

3. About 120 seconds after launch, the 3rd-stage motor (

7899:

United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963

2390:

44th Missile Wing LGM-30 Minuteman Missile Launch Sites

2122:

Control does not extend outside the squadron (thus the

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used to power the Minotaur line of rockets produced by

1940:

were first exercised from 20 June to 27 August 1960 at

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nuclear warhead with a yield of 1.2 megatons of TNT (5

339:

First stage 202,600 lb (91,900 kg) (Minuteman

5669:

Achieving Accuracy: A Legacy of Computers and Missiles

2908:

The letter "L" in "LGM" indicates that the missile is

1356:

An improved first-stage motor to increase reliability.

1352:

The major new features provided by Minuteman II were:

4906:"ALCS 50th Anniversary: Celebrating a Proud Heritage" 1984:

aircraft from 20,000 ft (6,100 m) over the

1881:

The ALCS is operated by airborne missileers from the

1163:(USAF) had originally decided to put the missiles at 2678:– Vandenberg Air Force Base, California – "Top Hand" 203:

55 ft 11 in (17.04 m) (Minuteman I/B)

6689:

1963 United States Tri-Service missile designations

5925:

Strategic-Air-Command.com Minuteman Missile History

5769:

Ace in the Hole: The Story of the Minuteman Missile

5700:

Ace in the Hole: The Story of the Minuteman Missile

5543: 4123:"Minuteman Fired From Pit in Major Missile Success" 4089:

The 6555th: Missile and Space Launches Through 1970

3737:

Lightning Bolts: First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles

2753:

Ronald Reagan Minuteman Missile State Historic Site

2747:

Ronald Reagan Minuteman Missile State Historic Site

1557:) with larger disk memory and enhanced capability. 5799: 3916: 3786: 3643: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 1701: 1517:multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles 916:system which was known to be under development at 567:multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles 5731:"Minuteman Weapon System History and Description" 4978:"Minuteman: The West's Biggest Missile Programme" 4751: 4330: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3126:https://nuke.fas.org/cochran/nuc_84000001c_01.pdf 2739:Minuteman II missile Training Launch Facility at 2715: 2624:in 2007, where ALCS mission continues to this day 2413:in 1987. Inactivated 2005. Peacekeepers retired.) 1672: 511:(SLBM) and nuclear weapons carried by long-range 365:About 5,500 mi (8,900 km) (Minuteman I) 11237: 4331:Miller, G.H.; Brown, P.S.; Alonso, C.T. (1987). 4266:(1st ed.). Perastadion Press. p. 346. 2115:(LFs) which are remotely controlled by a manned 2074: 1749:A total of 450 LGM-30G missiles are emplaced at 985:have been hit. This suggested that there was a " 171:About 73,000 lb (33,000 kg) (Minuteman 164:About 65,000 lb (29,000 kg) (Minuteman 5930:Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles 5106: 5104: 5057:Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles 3917:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 3910: 2925:A third gyro was later added for other reasons. 1663: 534:, who could be ready to fight on short notice. 5667:McMurran, Marshal William (11 December 2008). 4432: 4201: 4199: 4197: 3840: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3443: 3216:Center for Strategic and International Studies 3172:Center for Strategic and International Studies 3054: 3052: 3021:Center for Strategic and International Studies 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 636: 439:Minuteman II: 0.26 nmi (0.48 km) CEP 436:initially, then 0.6 nmi (1.1 km) CEP 379:700 mi (3,700,000 ft; 1,100 km) 371:14,000 km (8,700 mi) (Minuteman III) 206:57 ft 7 in (17.55 m) (Minuteman 196:53 ft 8 in (16.36 m) (Minuteman 8314: 7931: 6673: 5987: 5729:ICBM Prime Team - TRW Systems (1 July 2001). 5513: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4374: 3352: 2094:The connectivity of the 91st MW Missile Field 1996:Emergency Rocket Communications System (ERCS) 1412:). The Minuteman II integrated circuits were 368:10,200 km (6,300 mi) (Minuteman II) 334:SR73-AJ/TC-1 (34,170 lbf, 152.0 kN) 310:TU-122 (M-55) (178,000 lbf, 790 kN) 228:5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) (1st stage) 5101: 4870:. Los Angeles, California. 6 February 1985. 4864:"Minuteman Test Firing Aborted Over Pacific" 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 3398: 2491:351st Strategic Missile (later Missile) Wing 320:SR-19-AJ-1 (60,181 lbf, 267.70 kN) 5868: 5112:"A History of PACCS, ACCS and ALCS, page 1" 4624: 4480:"Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons" 4472: 4310:"Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons" 4264:The Handbook of Rockets and Guided Missiles 4255: 4194: 3778: 3722: 3273: 3240: 3138:"Missiles & Other WMD Delivery Systems" 3049: 2990: 2351:44th Strategic Missile (later Missile) Wing 2043: 1864:After thorough testing and modification of 1616:) ignites and separates from the 2nd stage. 1151:was first test-fired on 1 February 1961 at 537:The Minuteman entered service in 1962 as a 442:Minuteman III: 200 m (660 ft) CEP 11276:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s 8321: 8307: 7938: 7924: 6680: 6666: 5994: 5980: 5886: 5083:"Factsheets: 320 Missile Squadron (AFGCS)" 4934: 4886: 4737: 4657: 4585: 4324: 4039: 4037: 3947: 3632: 1447: 178:79,432 lb (36,030 kg) (Minuteman 42: 5877: 4594:"Life Extension Programs modernize ICBMs" 4154: 3307: 3196: 2605:7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron 2599:2nd Airborne Command and Control Squadron 2593:4th Airborne Command and Control Squadron 2146:Active LGM-30 Minuteman deployments, 2010 1680: 1656:the south-central Asian republics of the 1390:System modernization was concentrated on 1299: 681:ammonium perchlorate composite propellant 352:Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant 5940:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site 5728: 4699: 4302: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3152: 2771:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site 2735:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site 2729:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site 2141: 2089: 2010:communication relay system included the 1946: 1924: 1851: 1797: 1585: 1467: 1459: 1451: 1313: 1128:Minuteman I (LGM-30A/B or SM-80/HSM-80A) 949: 788: 627: 464: 432:Minuteman I: 1.1 nmi (2.0 km) 5585:Heefner, Gretchen (12 September 2012). 4555: 4353: 4034: 4003:"U.S. scores third major space success" 3582:Maugh II, Thomas H. (18 January 2006). 3087: 1515:It was the first missile equipped with 1082:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 1019:Minuteman's final tests coincided with 886:. It was later demonstrated that this " 721: 14: 11238: 5551:"Ronald Reagan Minuteman Missile Site" 5444:from the original on 28 September 2016 5050: 5019:from the original on 21 September 2013 4573:from the original on 15 September 2019 4358:. Vol. VI. Chukelea Publications. 4347: 4115: 4076: 4045:"Minuteman Missile Fired Successfully" 3995: 2796: 2002:Emergency Rocket Communications System 1330:Moscow's anti-ballistic missile system 912:Adding to their concerns was a Soviet 683:. Adapting a concept developed in the 11251:Cold War weapons of the United States 8302: 7919: 6661: 5975: 5374:"Vandenberg Air Force Base > Home" 5354:from the original on 26 February 2015 5284:"625th Strategic Operations Squadron" 5063:from the original on 15 December 2010 4988:from the original on 18 February 2015 4831: 4771:from the original on 13 November 2019 4490:from the original on 11 November 2019 3766:from the original on 22 November 2019 3703: 3642:; Shoolery, Judith (1 October 2001). 3620:from the original on 23 November 2019 3570: 3558:from the original on 22 November 2019 3431:from the original on 31 December 2019 3225:from the original on 22 November 2019 3181:from the original on 22 November 2019 3075:from the original on 28 December 2018 2880:Nuclear weapons and the United States 2535:Emergency Rocket Communication System 2504:(1 February 1963 – 31 July 1995) 2012:Emergency Rocket Communication System 1825:Airborne Launch Control System (ALCS) 1292:alleged that all weapons sharing the 771:in 1960 for his work on solid fuels. 652:, created to lead development of the 213:59.9 ft (18.3 m) (Minuteman 11266:Nuclear weapons of the United States 5951:"Primed for Defense – The Minuteman" 5910:"Minuteman: From Launch To Delivery" 4942:"E-6B Airborne Command Post (ABNCP)" 4679:from the original on 2 November 2019 4513:"Minuteman Missile Nuclear Warheads" 4188:Defense Technical Information Center 4099:from the original on 7 November 2017 3976:from the original on 19 October 2016 2432:(14 August 1964 – 30 September 1998) 2344: 2106: 1958: 1952:Air Mobile Feasibility Demonstration 901:program. Initially, this focused on 509:submarine-launched ballistic missile 5904:CSIS Missile Threat – Minuteman III 5797: 5632:Lloyd, Alwyn T. (15 January 2000). 5487:from the original on 23 August 2017 5294:from the original on 11 August 2017 5258:from the original on 15 August 2016 5222:from the original on 13 August 2016 5177:from the original on 14 August 2016 5128:from the original on 13 August 2016 4874:from the original on 27 August 2016 4844:from the original on 25 August 2016 4809:from the original on 7 October 2017 4438: 4209:; Norris, Robert S. (1 July 2009). 3894:from the original on 14 August 2019 3846: 3788:"Chapter 3: Chasing Silver Bullets" 3709: 3506: 3258:from the original on 14 August 2019 3130: 2751:November 33 Silo (topside only) at 2682:625th Strategic Operations Squadron 2622:625th Strategic Operations Squadron 2322:625th Strategic Operations Squadron 2314:LGM-30G Minuteman III, 1975–present 2256:LGM-30G Minuteman III, 1972–present 2200:LGM-30G Minuteman III, 1973–present 2069:Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems 1909: 1887:625th Strategic Operations Squadron 1802:A Minuteman III missile in its silo 1637: 1343: 992:Into this argument came the Navy's 920:. WS-199 was expanded to develop a 24: 5861: 5750:from the original on 5 August 2019 5666: 5414:from the original on 6 August 2016 5344:"Home page of Hill Air Force Base" 4832:Burns, Robert (26 February 2016). 4717:. 27 February 2006. Archived from 4642:from the original on 1 August 2019 4380: 4178:from the original on 17 April 2019 3380:from the original on 5 August 2019 3358: 2885:Single Integrated Operational Plan 1651:In December 1979 the higher-yield 1023:entering the White House. His new 778: 490:intercontinental ballistic missile 58:Intercontinental ballistic missile 25: 11287: 8283:USAF missile designations 1947–51 7905:Drones designated in UAV sequence 5945:Federation of American Scientists 5897: 5798:Zuckerman, Edward (4 June 1984). 5384:from the original on 10 June 2019 4803:Federation of American Scientists 4608:from the original on 10 July 2019 4093:Federation of American Scientists 3742:Tate Publishing & Enterprises 3399:Sandra Erwin (14 December 2019). 3371:United States Department of State 3291:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 3159:Bott, Mitch (21 September 2009). 3069:Federation of American Scientists 3058: 3011: 2758:Quebec-One Missile Alert Facility 1366:An improved guidance system (the 1229: 816:had an experimental design using 480:in California on 9 February 2023. 6065: 6002: 4630: 4592:Pampe, Carla (25 October 2012). 4478: 4261: 4205: 3785:Kaplan, Fred (1 December 2008). 3784: 3734:Yengst, William (6 April 2010). 3733: 3279: 3246: 2702:Ground Based Strategic Deterrent 2659:(ICBM Weapons Instructor Course) 2365:(24 November 1961 – 5 July 1994) 2126:'s five LCCs cannot control the 890:" was just as fictional as the " 113: 8267:Supersonic Low Altitude Missile 7950:rocket and missile designations 7314:BGM-109/AGM-109/RGM-109/UGM-109 6008:Air Force Global Strike Command 5887:The Boeing Corporation (1994). 5878:The Boeing Corporation (1973). 5869:The Boeing Corporation (1973). 5631: 5531:from the original on 4 May 2016 5499: 5469: 5456: 5426: 5396: 5366: 5336: 5306: 5276: 5270: 5234: 5198: 5153: 5075: 5044: 5035: 5000: 4970: 4950:. 14 March 2017. Archived from 4947:United States Strategic Command 4940: 4903: 4856: 4825: 4663: 4602:Air Force Public Affairs Agency 4591: 4530: 4505: 3953: 3938:Gross Domestic Product deflator 3638: 3411: 3392: 2919: 2902: 2764: 2611:625th Missile Operations Flight 2581:68th Strategic Missile Squadron 1990:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 1891:United States Strategic Command 1883:Air Force Global Strike Command 1729: 1702:Safety Enhanced Reentry Vehicle 1606:) ignites. The missile shroud ( 1464:Side view of Minuteman III ICBM 1053: 903:air-launched ballistic missiles 494:Air Force Global Strike Command 5085:. 3 March 2016. Archived from 5053:"Boeing LEM-70 Minuteman ERCS" 4167: 3202: 3119: 3035: 2976: 2958: 2944: 2860:Airborne Launch Control Center 2716:Surviving decommissioned sites 2708:and remain active until 2075. 2695: 2595:(Ellsworth AFB, SD: 1970–1992) 2583:(Ellsworth AFB, SD: 1967–1970) 2573:Airborne Launch Control System 2438:LGM-30G Minuteman III, 1972–98 2165:, (1 July 1963 – present) 2132:Airborne Launch Control System 1965:Air-launched ballistic missile 1938:Minuteman Mobility Test Trains 1904: 1831:Airborne Launch Control System 1673:Propulsion Replacement Program 1646: 1553:A flight computer (Autonetics 876: 825:instead of the typical three. 280:Air-burst or contact (surface) 13: 1: 5766: 5697: 5555:North Dakota State Government 4705: 4110:flight of an R&D program. 4011:. Vol. 58, no. 49. 3919:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 3710:Day, Dwane (3 January 2006). 3158: 2932: 2875:Missile launch control center 2745:Oscar Zero Alert Facility at 2556:(28 June 1962 – 25 June 1968) 2510:LGM-30F Minuteman II, 1965–95 2435:LGM-30F Minuteman II, 1965–73 2371:LGM-30F Minuteman II, 1971–94 2339: 2311:LGM-30F Minuteman II, 1967–94 2276:(15 July 1961 – present) 2221:(25 June 1968 – present) 2075:Ground and air launch targets 1142: 846:, was built in the form of a 698:to develop the liquid-fueled 5584: 4904:Kuehn, Cory (1 March 2017). 4567:George Washington University 4043: 3419:"W87-1 Modification Program" 2937: 2727:Delta One Alert Facility at 2721:Oscar One Alert Facility at 2559:LGM-30B Minuteman I, 1962–68 2543:455th Strategic Missile Wing 2507:LGM-30B Minuteman I, 1963–65 2368:LGM-30B Minuteman I, 1963–73 2308:LGM-30A Minuteman I, 1962–69 2302:150 Missiles, 15 MAF – 2253:LGM-30B Minuteman I, 1968–72 2247:150 Missiles, 15 MAF – 2197:LGM-30B Minuteman I, 1964–74 2191:150 missiles, 15 MAF – 2083: 2006:From 1963 through 1991, the 1871:ALCS-capable EC-135 aircraft 1664:Guidance Replacement Program 1622:) separates from the rocket. 650:Western Development Division 7: 5802:The Day After World War III 5059:. designation-systems.net. 4121: 4082: 4001: 3797:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3286:"U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2009" 2865:LGM-30 Minuteman chronology 2853: 2617:(Offutt AFB, NE: 1998–2007) 2607:(Offutt AFB, NE: 1994–1998) 2601:(Offutt AFB, NE: 1970–1994) 2587:91st Strategic Missile Wing 2564:91st Strategic Missile Wing 1808:Vandenberg Space Force Base 1720:insensitive high explosives 1243:The Minuteman I Autonetics 1238: 1076:Earth, which contains many 922:maneuvering reentry vehicle 718:starting in December 1956. 706:'s promise of much lighter 647:General Bernard Schriever's 637:Edward Hall and solid fuels 492:(ICBM) in service with the 478:Vandenberg Space Force Base 10: 11292: 5920:Minuteman Information Site 5577: 4262:Bowman, Norman J. (1957). 4013:United Press International 3581: 3059:Pike, John (29 May 1997). 2676:576th Flight Test Squadron 2636: 2589:(Minot AFB, ND: 1967–1969) 2174: – "Screaming Eagles" 2047: 2008:National Command Authority 1999: 1962: 1913: 1819:576th Flight Test Squadron 1793: 1751:F.E. Warren Air Force Base 1495:inertial navigation system 1274: 1263:, the disk was the active 1064:Pre-emptive nuclear strike 1057: 1014: 943: 939: 782: 623: 532:American Revolutionary War 488:is an American land-based 476:Minuteman III launch from 11226: 11175: 11039: 10958: 10197: 10056: 9179: 8880: 8679: 8337: 8275: 8214: 8043: 8023: 7962: 7955: 7888: 7762: 7741: 7534: 7266: 6986: 6696: 6609: 6589: 6573: 6557: 6531: 6522: 6498: 6482: 6456: 6400: 6384: 6372: 6296: 6289: 6234: 6218: 6211: 6191: 6165: 6127: 6111: 6104: 6081: 6074: 6063: 6014: 4984:: 844. 21 December 1961. 4759:"TRIDENT II (D5) MISSILE" 4312:. Nuclear Weapons Archive 4174:. Department of Defense. 2230: – "Vulgar Vultures" 2137: 1843:command and control sites 1710:RVs from the deactivated 1706:Beginning in 2005, Mk-21/ 1512:'s yield of 1.2 megatons. 1430:resistor–transistor logic 449: 425: 410: 383: 375: 357: 347: 289: 284: 272: 232: 224: 189: 157: 152: 141: 131: 126: 108: 76: 71: 64:Place of origin 63: 53: 41: 34: 27:American ICBM, in service 5767:Neal, Roy (9 May 2011). 5698:Neal, Roy (9 May 2011). 5591:Harvard University Press 5051:Parsch, Andreas (2002). 4636:nuclearweaponarchive.org 4542:nuclearweaponarchive.org 4484:nuclearweaponarchive.org 4356:The Swords of Armageddon 4128:Lewiston Morning Tribune 4050:Lewiston Morning Tribune 3652:Cambridge, Massachusetts 3252:nuclearweaponarchive.org 3248:"The Minuteman III ICBM" 2895: 2154: – "Mighty Ninety" 2044:Satellite launching role 1787:Trident Nuclear Missiles 1775:Malmstrom Air Force Base 1448:Minuteman III (LGM-30G) 1426:Apollo Guidance Computer 1294:"Tsetse" nuclear primary 800:inertial guidance system 11228:Unknown or not assigned 8330:United States Air Force 7948:United States Air Force 4354:Hansen, Chuck (1995a). 3878:. Arms Control Series. 3061:"LGM-30A/B Minuteman I" 2779:Launch Control Facility 2663:526th ICBM Systems Wing 2533:The 510th SMS operated 2236: – "Gravelhaulers" 2100:United States Air Force 2027:Whiteman Air Force Base 1504:Armed with up to three 1434:Fairchild Semiconductor 1383:this and other reasons. 1359:A novel, single, fixed 1161:United States Air Force 1155:, and entered into the 1106:surface-to-air missiles 1086:circular error probable 121:United States Air Force 97:1970–present (Minuteman 5935:Nuclear Weapon Archive 2649:315th Weapons Squadron 2643:532d Training Squadron 2524:510th Missile Squadron 2519:509th Missile Squadron 2514:508th Missile Squadron 2483:564th Missile Squadron 2452:448th Missile Squadron 2447:447th Missile Squadron 2442:446th Missile Squadron 2407:400th Missile Squadron 2295:490th Missile Squadron 2234:741st Missile Squadron 2228:740th Missile Squadron 2210: – "Roughriders" 2184:321st Missile Squadron 2178:320th Missile Squadron 2172:319th Missile Squadron 2147: 2128:320th Missile Squadron 2124:319th Missile Squadron 2095: 1980:a Minuteman 1b from a 1955: 1930: 1857: 1803: 1681:Single Reentry Vehicle 1631: 1476: 1465: 1457: 1414:diode–transistor logic 1319: 1300:Minuteman II (LGM-30F) 1190:became operational at 1118:anti-ballistic missile 955: 914:anti-ballistic missile 865:and the system on the 854:in place of the drum. 794: 633: 563:anti-ballistic missile 541:weapon that could hit 481: 11271:MIRV capable missiles 7875:M30 GMLRS/M31 GMLRS-U 6597:LGM-30G Minuteman III 6096:Twentieth (Strategic) 5525:National Park Service 4838:Portland Press Herald 4215:Naval Institute Press 3967:Air Force Association 3880:Brookings Institution 2783:National Park Service 2385:68th Missile Squadron 2380:67th Missile Squadron 2375:66th Missile Squadron 2353:"Black Hills Bandits" 2289:12th Missile Squadron 2283:10th Missile Squadron 2240:742d Missile Squadron 2159:Francis E. Warren AFB 2145: 2117:launch control center 2093: 1950: 1928: 1855: 1801: 1589: 1471: 1463: 1455: 1442:Microsemi Corporation 1317: 1157:Strategic Air Command 1033:cost/benefit analysis 969:Strategic Air Command 953: 838:for these functions. 792: 631: 620:, beginning in 2030. 616:ICBM, to be built by 606:Francis E. Warren AFB 524:liquid-fueled rockets 475: 404:kilometers per second 18:LGM-30G Minuteman III 7159:AGM-84/RGM-84/UGM-84 6549:B-52H Stratofortress 6483:Strategic Operations 4840:. Portland, Oregon. 4638:. 1 September 2001. 4517:minutemanmissile.com 4392:Simon & Schuster 3860:O'Hanlon, Michael E. 3510:(13 December 1990). 3300:Taylor & Francis 3284:(27 November 2015). 2411:LGM-118A Peacekeeper 2285: – "First Aces" 2186: – "Greentails" 2059:times of emergency. 1763:Minot Air Force Base 1740:LGM-118A Peacekeeper 1400:LGM-118A Peacekeeper 1368:D-37 flight computer 1245:D-17 flight computer 1025:Secretary of Defense 907:interceptor aircraft 722:Missile farm concept 246:Minuteman I and II: 90:1965–1994 (Minuteman 83:1962–1969 (Minuteman 11246:1974 in spaceflight 7956:Air-to-air missiles 5521:"Minuteman Missile" 5509:. 14 December 2019. 4791:Kristensen, Hans M. 4715:Alliant Techsystems 4669:northropgrumman.com 4486:. 14 October 2006. 4145:Google News Archive 4067:Google News Archive 4025:Google News Archive 3940:figures follow the 3868:Pollack, Kenneth M. 3852:Felbab-Brown, Vanda 3282:Kristensen, Hans M. 3280:Norris, Robert S.; 2870:Missile combat crew 2797:Comparable missiles 2733:Delta Nine Silo at 2667:Hill Air Force Base 2297: – "Farsiders" 2291: – "Red Dawgs" 2242: – "Wolf Pack" 1942:Hill Air Force Base 1569:radiation-resistant 1396:command and control 1149:LGM-30A Minuteman I 1078:mass concentrations 632:Minuteman I missile 400:kilometers per hour 8215:Undesignated types 8024:1961–1963 sequence 7963:1955–1961 sequence 6091:Eighth (Strategic) 5775:(published 1962). 5760:Hans M. Kristensen 5706:(published 1962). 4764:United States Navy 4598:BARKSDALE AFB, La. 4465:Improved Minuteman 4390:(First ed.). 4384:(7 October 2014). 4135:. 18 November 1961 3656:Perseus Publishing 3254:. 7 October 1997. 2476:341st Missile Wing 2264:341st Missile Wing 2148: 2096: 2054:Conestoga (rocket) 1956: 1931: 1858: 1812:nuclear deterrence 1804: 1783:341st Missile Wing 1632: 1562:plated-wire memory 1477: 1466: 1458: 1320: 956: 795: 634: 555:United States Navy 496:. As of 2024, the 482: 406:) (terminal phase) 127:Production history 11233: 11232: 8296: 8295: 8039: 8038: 7913: 7912: 6655: 6654: 6605: 6604: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6285: 6284: 6207: 6206: 5817:978-0-670-25880-2 5782:978-1-258-01362-2 5713:978-1-258-01362-2 5682:978-1-4363-8107-9 5643:978-1-57510-052-4 5600:978-0-674-05911-5 5378:vandenberg.af.mil 4868:Los Angeles Times 4709:(Press release). 4675:. 11 March 2008. 4671:(Press release). 4596:(Press release). 4538:"The W62 Warhead" 4401:978-1-4767-0869-0 4224:978-1-55750-681-8 4057:. 2 February 1961 4015:. 1 February 1961 4008:The Bend Bulletin 3806:978-0-470-12118-4 3751:978-1-61566-547-1 3669:978-0-7382-0532-8 3589:Los Angeles Times 3527:978-0-262-13258-9 3508:MacKenzie, Donald 3309:10.2968/065002008 2633: 2632: 2620:Converted to the 2400:90th Missile Wing 2208:91st Missile Wing 2152:90th Missile Wing 2113:launch facilities 2107:Operational units 2050:Minotaur (rocket) 1970:Air-Launched ICBM 1959:Air-Launched ICBM 1954:– 24 October 1974 1771:91st Missile Wing 1759:90th Missile Wing 1422:Texas Instruments 1392:launch facilities 1377:Texas Instruments 1370:), incorporating 1257:secondary storage 978:Considering this 520:solid-fuel rocket 513:strategic bombers 504:, along with the 473: 463: 462: 297:solid-fuel rocket 36:LGM-30 Minuteman 16:(Redirected from 11283: 11256:Embedded systems 11214: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11184: 11168: 11158: 11148: 11138: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11098: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11053: 11048: 11032: 11022: 11012: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10967: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10876: 10866: 10836: 10831: 10801: 10776: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10721: 10701: 10691: 10641: 10636: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10581: 10576: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10441: 10436: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10376: 10331: 10321: 10311: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10276: 10190: 10170: 10150: 10140: 10120: 10100: 10090: 10080: 10070: 9944: 9825: 9788: 9671: 9656: 9621: 9616: 9586: 9406: 9389: 9270: 9265: 9255: 9225: 9152: 9132: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9019: 9009: 8999: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8914: 8909: 8894: 8868: 8858: 8848: 8838: 8828: 8798: 8778: 8758: 8748: 8738: 8718: 8640: 8630: 8610: 8605: 8595: 8550: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8418: 8408: 8403: 8383: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8300: 8299: 7960: 7959: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7917: 7916: 7900: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6659: 6658: 6529: 6528: 6294: 6293: 6216: 6215: 6109: 6108: 6079: 6078: 6069: 6006: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5973: 5972: 5952: 5911: 5892: 5883: 5874: 5856: 5853:Internet Archive 5850: 5848: 5805: 5794: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5749: 5735: 5725: 5694: 5663: 5628: 5589:(Sew ed.). 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5557:. 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Archived from 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5257: 5246: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5221: 5210: 5202: 5196: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5176: 5165: 5157: 5151: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5127: 5116: 5108: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5014: 5013:(Kennedy speech) 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4954:on 20 April 2017 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4921: 4910: 4901: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4816: 4814: 4793:(9 April 2014). 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4673:Northrop Grumman 4661: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4647: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4613: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4459:Internet Archive 4456: 4454: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4382:Isaacson, Walter 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4213:(1st ed.). 4203: 4192: 4191: 4185: 4183: 4165: 4152: 4151: 4142: 4140: 4133:Associated Press 4119: 4113: 4112: 4106: 4104: 4083:Cleary, Mark C. 4080: 4074: 4073: 4064: 4062: 4055:Associated Press 4041: 4032: 4031: 4022: 4020: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3975: 3960: 3951: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3901: 3899: 3856:Indyk, Martin S. 3848:Bush, Richard C. 3844: 3838: 3837: 3834:Internet Archive 3831: 3829: 3795:(1st ed.). 3790: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3731: 3720: 3719: 3716:The Space Review 3707: 3701: 3700: 3697:Internet Archive 3694: 3692: 3650:(1st ed.). 3649: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3579: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3516:(1st ed.). 3504: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3379: 3373:. 1 March 2019. 3364: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3311: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3263: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3230: 3224: 3209: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3180: 3165: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3134: 3128: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3056: 3047: 3046: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3009: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2948: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2906: 2890:List of missiles 2562:Replaced by the 2345: 2180: – "G.N.I." 2065:Orbital Sciences 1934:Mobile Minuteman 1910:Mobile Minuteman 1594:launch sequence: 1524:penetration aids 1043:bomber project. 987:finite deterrent 960:strategic bomber 822:state of the art 785:Missile guidance 708:nuclear warheads 679:into the use of 618:Northrop Grumman 486:LGM-30 Minuteman 474: 386: 342: 216: 209: 199: 181: 174: 167: 119: 117: 116: 100: 93: 86: 46: 37: 32: 31: 21: 11291: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11284: 11282: 11281: 11280: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11229: 11222: 11212: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11182: 11171: 11166: 11156: 11146: 11136: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11096: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11051: 11046: 11035: 11030: 11020: 11010: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10965: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10874: 10864: 10834: 10829: 10799: 10774: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10719: 10699: 10689: 10639: 10634: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10579: 10574: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10439: 10434: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10374: 10329: 10319: 10309: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10274: 10193: 10188: 10168: 10148: 10138: 10118: 10098: 10088: 10078: 10068: 10052: 9942: 9823: 9786: 9669: 9654: 9619: 9614: 9584: 9404: 9387: 9268: 9263: 9253: 9223: 9175: 9150: 9130: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9017: 9007: 8997: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8912: 8907: 8892: 8876: 8866: 8856: 8846: 8836: 8826: 8796: 8776: 8756: 8746: 8736: 8716: 8675: 8638: 8628: 8608: 8603: 8593: 8548: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8416: 8406: 8401: 8381: 8333: 8327: 8297: 8292: 8271: 8210: 8035: 8019: 7951: 7944: 7914: 7909: 7898: 7884: 7758: 7737: 7530: 7401:RUM-125/UUM-125 7381:CQM-121/CGM-121 7262: 6982: 6692: 6686: 6656: 6651: 6601: 6585: 6569: 6553: 6524: 6510: 6494: 6478: 6452: 6396: 6380: 6373:Combat Training 6368: 6281: 6230: 6203: 6192:Nuclear Systems 6187: 6161: 6123: 6100: 6070: 6061: 6010: 6000: 5950: 5909: 5900: 5895: 5864: 5862:Further reading 5859: 5846: 5844: 5818: 5783: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5733: 5714: 5683: 5644: 5601: 5580: 5575: 5574: 5564: 5562: 5561:on 23 June 2016 5549: 5548: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5490: 5488: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5464:Washington Post 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5387: 5385: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5297: 5295: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5244: 5242:"2 ACCS Part 2" 5240: 5239: 5235: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5208: 5206:"2 ACCS Part 1" 5204: 5203: 5199: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5089:on 3 March 2016 5081: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4957: 4955: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4908: 4902: 4887: 4877: 4875: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4830: 4826: 4812: 4810: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4767:. 15 May 2019. 4757: 4756: 4752: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4724: 4722: 4704: 4700: 4682: 4680: 4662: 4658: 4645: 4643: 4629: 4625: 4611: 4609: 4590: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4493: 4491: 4477: 4473: 4452: 4450: 4437: 4433: 4402: 4394:. p. 181. 4379: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4352: 4348: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4260: 4256: 4225: 4204: 4195: 4181: 4179: 4166: 4155: 4138: 4136: 4120: 4116: 4102: 4100: 4081: 4077: 4060: 4058: 4042: 4035: 4018: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3958: 3952: 3948: 3929: 3927: 3915: 3911: 3897: 3895: 3870:(7 June 2010). 3845: 3841: 3827: 3825: 3807: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3752: 3732: 3723: 3708: 3704: 3690: 3688: 3670: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3580: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3528: 3505: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3278: 3274: 3261: 3259: 3245: 3241: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3207: 3201: 3197: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3163: 3157: 3153: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3105: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3057: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3013:"Minuteman III" 3010: 2991: 2984:"Minuteman III" 2982: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2856: 2838:RT-2PM2 Topol-M 2799: 2767: 2718: 2698: 2639: 2634: 2469: 2461:Inactivated by 2426:Grand Forks AFB 2342: 2140: 2109: 2086: 2077: 2056: 2046: 2004: 1998: 1967: 1961: 1923: 1912: 1907: 1827: 1796: 1732: 1704: 1683: 1675: 1666: 1649: 1640: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1601: 1595: 1450: 1346: 1302: 1277: 1265:computer memory 1241: 1232: 1224:Grand Forks AFB 1208:F.E. Warren AFB 1183:The "improved" 1145: 1130: 1094:Trident missile 1066: 1058:Main articles: 1056: 1029:Robert McNamara 1021:John F. Kennedy 1017: 948: 942: 879: 787: 781: 779:Guidance system 769:Legion of Merit 760:Ramo-Wooldridge 724: 658:HGM-25A Titan I 639: 626: 614:LGM-35 Sentinel 573:warhead with a 465: 454: 452: 445: 415: 413: 393: 369: 366: 362: 360: 340: 338: 337: 318:Aerojet-General 285: 277: 275: 268: 253:Minuteman III: 220: 214: 207: 197: 185: 179: 172: 165: 114: 112: 104: 98: 91: 84: 77:In service 72:Service history 49: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11289: 11279: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11231: 11230: 11227: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11179: 11177: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11068: 11067: 11062: 11054: 11049: 11043: 11041: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10962: 10960: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10952: 10947: 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8929: 8928: 8923: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8884: 8882: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8823: 8822: 8817: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8689: 8683: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8585: 8584: 8579: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8392: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8347: 8341: 8339: 8335: 8334: 8332:system numbers 8326: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8303: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8290: 8285: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8033: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7966: 7964: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7943: 7942: 7935: 7928: 7920: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7895: 7889: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7785:Common Missile 7782: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7751: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7538: 7536: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7270: 7268: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6693: 6691:, 1963–present 6685: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6662: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6581:UH-1N Iroquois 6577: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6533: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6404: 6402: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6300: 6298: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6222: 6220: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6133: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6115: 6113: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6087: 6085: 6076: 6072: 6071: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6011: 5999: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5958: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5906: 5899: 5898:External links 5896: 5894: 5893: 5884: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5816: 5795: 5781: 5764: 5726: 5712: 5695: 5681: 5664: 5642: 5629: 5599: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5542: 5512: 5498: 5481:spacedaily.com 5468: 5455: 5438:spacedaily.com 5425: 5408:spacedaily.com 5395: 5365: 5335: 5324:on 22 May 2018 5305: 5275: 5269: 5233: 5197: 5188: 5152: 5139: 5100: 5074: 5043: 5034: 4999: 4969: 4933: 4922:on 2 July 2017 4885: 4855: 4824: 4782: 4750: 4747:. 4 June 2024. 4736: 4721:on 27 May 2008 4698: 4689:Prime Newswire 4656: 4623: 4584: 4554: 4529: 4504: 4471: 4431: 4400: 4373: 4361: 4346: 4323: 4301: 4254: 4223: 4207:Polmar, Norman 4193: 4153: 4114: 4075: 4033: 3994: 3946: 3942:MeasuringWorth 3936:United States 3924:MeasuringWorth 3909: 3882:. p. 14. 3839: 3805: 3777: 3750: 3721: 3702: 3668: 3640:Teller, Edward 3631: 3569: 3526: 3442: 3424:. March 2019. 3410: 3391: 3351: 3272: 3239: 3195: 3174:. p. 76. 3151: 3129: 3118: 3103: 3086: 3048: 3034: 3023:. 15 June 2018 2989: 2975: 2957: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2918: 2914:guided missile 2900: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2798: 2795: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2717: 2714: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2679: 2673: 2660: 2646: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2618: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2577: 2576: 2568: 2567: 2560: 2557: 2546: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2409:(Converted to 2403: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2355: 2354: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2277: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2222: 2205: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2166: 2139: 2136: 2108: 2105: 2085: 2082: 2076: 2073: 2045: 2042: 1997: 1994: 1963:Main article: 1960: 1957: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1826: 1823: 1795: 1792: 1731: 1728: 1703: 1700: 1682: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1648: 1645: 1639: 1638:Specifications 1636: 1590:Minuteman III 1581: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1565: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1535: 1513: 1487: 1486: 1449: 1446: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1364: 1357: 1345: 1344:Specifications 1342: 1312: 1311: 1301: 1298: 1276: 1273: 1240: 1237: 1231: 1230:Specifications 1228: 1165:Vandenberg AFB 1153:Cape Canaveral 1144: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1129: 1126: 1096:of the 1980s. 1055: 1052: 1016: 1013: 994:UGM-27 Polaris 946:UGM-27 Polaris 944:Main article: 941: 938: 878: 875: 783:Main article: 780: 777: 752:assembly lines 723: 720: 716:UGM-27 Polaris 712:Project Nobska 700:PGM-19 Jupiter 643:Edward N. Hall 638: 635: 625: 622: 559:UGM-27 Polaris 545:cities with a 461: 460: 455: 450: 447: 446: 444: 443: 440: 437: 429: 427: 423: 422: 416: 411: 408: 407: 396:miles per hour 387: 385:Maximum speed 381: 380: 377: 376:Flight ceiling 373: 372: 363: 358: 355: 354: 349: 345: 344: 336: 335: 321: 311: 300: 291: 287: 286: 282: 281: 278: 273: 270: 269: 267: 266: 251: 244: 236: 234: 230: 229: 226: 222: 221: 219: 218: 211: 204: 201: 193: 191: 187: 186: 184: 183: 176: 169: 161: 159: 155: 154: 153:Specifications 150: 149: 143: 142:Unit cost 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 124: 123: 110: 106: 105: 103: 102: 95: 88: 80: 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11288: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11243: 11241: 11225: 11219: 11216: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11174: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11125: 11120: 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4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4371:, p. 65. 4370: 4365: 4357: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4327: 4311: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4189: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4118: 4111: 4098: 4094: 4091:(Monograph). 4090: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4068: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4040: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4004: 3998: 3991: 3989: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3939: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3906: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864:Pifer, Steven 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3835: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3781: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3698: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3427: 3420: 3414: 3406: 3405:spacenews.com 3402: 3395: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3221: 3218:. p. 5. 3217: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3155: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3122: 3116:, p. 74. 3115: 3110: 3108: 3096: 3090: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3053: 3044: 3038: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2979: 2971: 2961: 2953: 2952:"Minuteman I" 2947: 2943: 2922: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2742: 2741:Ellsworth AFB 2738: 2736: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2359:Ellsworth AFB 2357: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2320: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2270:Malmstrom AFB 2267: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2101: 2092: 2088: 2081: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2016:line-of-sight 2013: 2009: 2003: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1986:Pacific Ocean 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1921: 1917: 1902: 1900: 1899:Looking Glass 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1800: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1678: 1670: 1661: 1659: 1654: 1644: 1635: 1621: 1615: 1610:) is ejected. 1609: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1573: 1572:semiconductor 1570: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1462: 1456:Minuteman III 1454: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:Ellsworth AFB 1189: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1174:Malmstrom AFB 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1125: 1123: 1122:nuclear triad 1119: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1073: 1071: 1070:second strike 1065: 1061: 1051: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 997: 995: 990: 988: 983: 982: 976: 972: 970: 964: 961: 952: 947: 937: 935: 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 908: 904: 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 874: 870: 868: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 845: 839: 837: 832: 826: 823: 819: 815: 811: 809: 808:ball bearings 803: 801: 791: 786: 776: 772: 770: 766: 761: 756: 753: 749: 748:missile silos 744: 740: 737: 736:missile silos 733: 729: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 704:Edward Teller 701: 697: 692: 688: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 648: 644: 630: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 590:Malmstrom AFB 587: 586:missile silos 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 547:second strike 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 516: 514: 510: 507: 503: 502:nuclear triad 499: 495: 491: 487: 479: 459: 456: 448: 441: 438: 435: 431: 430: 428: 424: 420: 417: 409: 405: 401: 397: 391: 388: 382: 378: 374: 370: 364: 356: 353: 350: 346: 333: 329: 325: 322: 319: 315: 312: 309: 305: 302: 301: 298: 295: 292: 288: 283: 279: 271: 264: 261:(active), or 260: 256: 252: 249: 245: 242: 239:Minuteman I: 238: 237: 235: 231: 227: 223: 212: 205: 202: 195: 194: 192: 188: 177: 170: 163: 162: 160: 156: 151: 148: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 125: 122: 111: 107: 96: 89: 82: 81: 79: 75: 70: 67:United States 66: 62: 59: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 10917: 8588: 8279: 8262:Sky Scorcher 8140: 7892: 7763:Undesignated 7088: 6862: 6565:E-6B Mercury 6037:F. E. Warren 5966:Ars Technica 5964: 5888: 5879: 5870: 5851:– via 5845:. Retrieved 5808:Viking Press 5801: 5768: 5758:– via 5752:. Retrieved 5737: 5699: 5668: 5633: 5586: 5563:. Retrieved 5559:the original 5554: 5545: 5533:. Retrieved 5524: 5515: 5501: 5489:. Retrieved 5480: 5471: 5463: 5462:Aaron Gregg 5458: 5448:26 September 5446:. Retrieved 5437: 5428: 5416:. Retrieved 5407: 5398: 5386:. Retrieved 5377: 5368: 5356:. Retrieved 5347: 5338: 5326:. Retrieved 5322:the original 5318:Missile News 5317: 5308: 5296:. Retrieved 5287: 5278: 5272: 5260:. Retrieved 5249:sac-acca.org 5248: 5236: 5224:. Retrieved 5213:sac-acca.org 5212: 5200: 5179:. Retrieved 5168:sac-acca.org 5167: 5155: 5130:. Retrieved 5119:sac-acca.org 5118: 5091:. Retrieved 5087:the original 5077: 5065:. Retrieved 5056: 5046: 5037: 5028: 5021:, retrieved 5008: 5002: 4990:. Retrieved 4981: 4972: 4963: 4956:. Retrieved 4952:the original 4945: 4936: 4924:. Retrieved 4917:the original 4912: 4876:. Retrieved 4867: 4858: 4846:. 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Retrieved 3016: 2978: 2960: 2946: 2921: 2904: 2803:RS-28 Sarmat 2791:North Dakota 2777:preserves a 2775:South Dakota 2768: 2765:Preservation 2723:Whiteman AFB 2710: 2706: 2699: 2627: 2566:in June 1968 2554:North Dakota 2498:Whiteman AFB 2468: 2430:North Dakota 2363:South Dakota 2304:Launch sites 2249:Launch sites 2219:North Dakota 2193:Launch sites 2121: 2110: 2097: 2087: 2078: 2061: 2057: 2037: 2035: 2020: 2005: 1969: 1968: 1933: 1932: 1895:E-6B Mercury 1880: 1876: 1863: 1859: 1847: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1816: 1805: 1767:North Dakota 1748: 1737: 1733: 1705: 1684: 1676: 1667: 1650: 1641: 1633: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1582: 1499: 1488: 1480: 1404: 1389: 1351: 1347: 1325:throw weight 1321: 1305: 1290:Chuck Hansen 1286: 1278: 1254: 1242: 1233: 1216:Whiteman AFB 1204:North Dakota 1196:South Dakota 1187: 1184: 1182: 1148: 1146: 1133: 1115: 1098: 1090: 1074: 1067: 1060:Counterforce 1054:Counterforce 1045: 1018: 1011:capability. 1009:counterforce 998: 991: 981:countervalue 979: 977: 973: 965: 957: 930: 911: 896: 884:first strike 880: 871: 867:SM-64 Navaho 856: 848:drum machine 840: 827: 818:air bearings 812: 804: 796: 773: 757: 745: 741: 725: 693: 689: 670: 640: 602:North Dakota 583: 551:countervalue 536: 517: 497: 485: 483: 458:Missile silo 367: 323: 314:Second stage 313: 303: 145:$ 7,000,000 132:Manufacturer 109:Used by 48:Minuteman II 29: 8222:Alpha Draco 8044:Other types 7860:Senior Prom 6898:LGM-35 (II) 6574:Helicopters 6539:B-1B Lancer 6385:Flight test 5847:22 November 5754:22 November 5358:21 February 5348:hill.af.mil 5093:13 December 4992:18 February 4958:11 December 4926:11 December 4813:11 December 4775:11 December 4725:24 November 4711:Minneapolis 4683:22 November 4646:24 November 4612:24 November 4577:24 November 4494:24 November 4453:24 November 4182:24 November 4139:24 November 4103:23 November 4061:23 November 4019:23 November 3980:23 November 3930:30 November 3898:23 November 3828:23 November 3770:22 November 3691:22 November 3658:. pp. 3624:22 November 3562:22 November 3384:22 November 3262:22 November 3229:22 November 3185:22 November 3079:22 November 2818:PGM-17 Thor 2787:Cooperstown 2696:Replacement 2571:Historical 1982:C-5A Galaxy 1905:Other roles 1889:(STOS) and 1885:'s (AFGSC) 1712:Peacekeeper 1647:W78 warhead 1483:W62 warhead 1418:diode logic 1308:W56 warhead 1188:Minuteman I 1136:W56 Warhead 934:boost-glide 926:Alpha Draco 918:Sary Shagan 888:missile gap 877:Missile gap 859:transistors 850:but used a 836:subroutines 732:SM-68 Titan 728:SM-65 Atlas 654:SM-65 Atlas 359:Operational 324:Third stage 304:First stage 294:Three-stage 257:(retired), 11240:Categories 8247:Pye Wacket 8237:High Virgo 8227:Bold Orion 7946:1955–1962 7577:AGM-158A/B 6893:AQM-35 (I) 6610:Leadership 6544:B-2 Spirit 6457:Helicopter 6235:Operations 6219:Helicopter 6083:Air Forces 5609:2012003666 5161:"4th ACCS" 5067:10 January 4410:2014021391 4335:(Report). 4288:1091297332 4272:B0006EUOOW 4233:2008054725 3544:1068009953 2966:"Minuteman 2933:References 2828:RS-24 Yars 2686:Offutt AFB 2653:Nellis AFB 2615:USSTRATCOM 2340:Historical 2328:Offutt AFB 2067:(nowadays 2048:See also: 2000:See also: 1978:airdropped 1730:Deployment 1539:trajectory 1407:Autonetics 1372:microchips 1170:North Pole 1143:Deployment 892:bomber gap 814:Autonetics 539:deterrence 506:Trident II 348:Propellant 274:Detonation 9139:A/B/E/F/N 8280:See also: 7893:See also: 7805:Have Dash 7169:AGM-84H/K 6868:MGM-31A/B 6290:Squadrons 6047:Malmstrom 6032:Ellsworth 6022:Barksdale 5834:869504401 5791:952016433 5773:Doubleday 5722:952016433 5704:Doubleday 5691:302388811 5625:25190410M 5617:872141698 5491:23 August 5328:11 August 5298:11 August 5262:11 August 5226:11 August 5181:11 August 5132:11 August 5030:continue. 5023:22 August 4878:13 August 4848:13 August 4619:missiles. 4426:25643817M 4418:971413864 4280:a57002355 4249:22843826M 4241:602923650 3888:649066155 3823:10279632M 3815:166873182 3760:758343698 3678:879383489 3606:0458-3035 3598:2165-1736 3518:MIT Press 3367:state.gov 3342:470268256 3326:0096-3402 3318:1938-3282 3302:: 59–69. 2938:Citations 2550:Minot AFB 2463:BRAC 1995 2215:Minot AFB 2084:Operators 1696:New START 1492:gimballed 1481:See also 1306:See also 1269:M18 FADAC 1261:hard disk 1200:Minot AFB 1134:See also 1048:Nike Zeus 852:hard disk 834:separate 831:autopilot 765:Thor IRBM 598:Minot AFB 528:minutemen 398:; 28,200 276:mechanism 250:(retired) 243:(retired) 8232:Cherokee 7668:AIM-174B 7582:AGM-158C 7319:BGM-109G 7216:"AIM-92" 6647:Bussiere 6617:Kowalski 6590:Missiles 6499:Training 6112:Air Base 6057:Whiteman 6042:Kirtland 5842:3184958M 5826:83040230 5745:Archived 5742:TRW Inc. 5660:8744142M 5652:44672618 5529:Archived 5485:Archived 5442:Archived 5418:6 August 5412:Archived 5382:Archived 5352:Archived 5292:Archived 5253:Archived 5217:Archived 5172:Archived 5123:Archived 5061:Archived 5017:archived 4986:Archived 4872:Archived 4842:Archived 4807:Archived 4769:Archived 4677:Archived 4640:Archived 4606:Archived 4571:Archived 4488:Archived 4467:program. 4316:12 April 4176:Archived 4097:Archived 3971:Archived 3944:series. 3892:Archived 3764:Archived 3686:7899496M 3618:Archived 3556:Archived 3552:1854178M 3536:90005915 3426:Archived 3375:Archived 3334:48034039 3256:Archived 3220:Archived 3212:csis.org 3176:Archived 3168:csis.org 3073:Archived 3027:26 March 3017:csis.org 2854:See also 2690:Nebraska 2502:Missouri 2332:Nebraska 2031:Missouri 2023:Nebraska 1916:LGM-118A 1744:START II 1687:START II 1526:such as 1432:made by 1420:made by 1239:Guidance 1220:Missouri 1037:Titan II 579:kilotons 453:platform 426:Accuracy 419:Inertial 412:Guidance 394:(17,500 392: 23 265:(active) 225:Diameter 11213:957–967 11183:900–951 11176:900–999 11167:847–899 11157:835–845 11137:824–831 11097:808–816 11040:800–899 11031:755–799 11021:746–753 10966:700–735 10959:700–799 10343:A/B (I) 10198:600–699 10189:593–599 10169:581–589 10149:571–579 10139:561–569 10119:551–559 10099:543–549 10089:531–541 10079:521–529 10069:501–519 10057:500–599 9180:400–499 9151:381–397 9131:338–379 8881:300–399 8867:280–298 8857:240–278 8847:227–238 8680:200–299 8639:143–197 8338:100–199 8257:Skydart 8031:AIM-101 7870:Wagtail 7850:OpFires 7770:Aequare 7754:MIM-401 7749:AIM-260 7733:AGM-187 7728:MQM-186 7723:MQM-185 7718:RGM-184 7713:AGM-183 7708:LGM-182 7703:AGM-181 7698:AGM-180 7693:AGM-179 7688:MQM-178 7683:BQM-177 7678:AGM-176 7673:MQM-175 7664:RIM-174 7659:GQM-173 7654:FGM-172 7649:MQM-171 7644:MQM-170 7639:AGM-169 7634:MGM-168 7629:BQM-167 7624:MGM-166 7619:RGM-165 7614:MGM-164 7609:GQM-163 7604:RIM-162 7599:RIM-161 7594:ADM-160 7589:AGM-159 7572:MGM-157 7567:RIM-156 7562:BQM-155 7557:AGM-154 7552:AGM-153 7547:AIM-152 7542:FQM-151 7535:151–200 7526:PQM-150 7521:PQM-149 7516:FGM-148 7511:BQM-147 7506:MIM-146 7501:BQM-145 7496:ADM-144 7491:MQM-143 7486:AGM-142 7481:ADM-141 7476:MGM-140 7471:RUM-139 7466:CEM-138 7461:AGM-137 7456:AGM-136 7451:ASM-135 7446:MGM-134 7441:UGM-133 7436:AIM-132 7431:AGM-131 7426:AGM-130 7421:AGM-129 7416:AQM-128 7411:AQM-127 7406:BQM-126 7396:AGM-124 7391:AGM-123 7386:AGM-122 7376:AIM-120 7371:AGM-119 7366:LGM-118 7361:FQM-117 7356:RIM-116 7351:MIM-115 7346:AGM-114 7341:RIM-113 7336:AGM-112 7331:BQM-111 7326:BGM-110 7309:BQM-108 7304:MQM-107 7299:BQM-106 7294:MQM-105 7289:MIM-104 7284:AQM-103 7279:PQM-102 7274:RIM-101 7267:101–150 7258:LIM-100 7164:AGM-84E 6968:XLIM-49 6872:MGM-31C 6836:LGM-25C 6831:HGM-25A 6558:Command 6532:Bombers 6525:systems 6401:Missile 6166:Missile 5956:YouTube 5915:YouTube 5673:Xlibris 5578:Sources 5565:12 June 5535:12 June 5388:24 July 4799:fas.org 4732:motors. 4547:21 July 4522:21 July 4341:6032983 4296:212166M 3963:afa.org 3660:420–421 3614:3638237 3435:20 July 3347:Review. 3065:fas.org 2848:Agni-VI 2843:UR-100N 2637:Support 2279:Units: 2274:Montana 2224:Units: 2168:Units: 2163:Wyoming 2038:LEM-70A 1974:STRAT-X 1794:Testing 1779:Montana 1773:), and 1755:Wyoming 1275:Warhead 1212:Wyoming 1185:LGM-30B 1178:Montana 1015:Kennedy 940:Polaris 710:during 696:US Army 677:Thiokol 624:History 610:Wyoming 594:Montana 588:around 577:of 170 530:of the 498:LGM-30G 402:; 7.83 332:Thiokol 328:Aerojet 308:Thiokol 299:engines 233:Warhead 11065:L (II) 10928:S (II) 10658:A (II) 10593:A (II) 10348:B (II) 9971:L (II) 9755:L (II) 9493:G (II) 9351:M (II) 8252:Skokie 8242:Jaguar 8181:SRM-88 8176:GAM-87 8156:GAM-83 8136:GAM-79 8126:GAM-77 8101:GAM-72 8096:GAM-71 8076:GAM-67 8061:GAM-63 8015:GAR-11 7865:Sprint 7253:LIM-99 7248:YQM-98 7243:AIM-97 7238:UGM-96 7233:AIM-95 7228:YQM-94 7223:XQM-93 7211:FIM-92 7206:AQM-91 7201:BQM-90 7196:UGM-89 7191:AGM-88 7186:AGM-87 7181:AGM-86 7176:RIM-85 7154:AGM-83 7149:AIM-82 7144:AQM-81 7139:AGM-80 7134:AGM-79 7129:AGM-78 7124:FGM-77 7119:AGM-76 7114:BGM-75 7109:BQM-74 7104:UGM-73 7099:MIM-72 7094:BGM-71 7089:LEM-70 7084:AGM-69 7079:AIM-68 7074:RIM-67 7069:RIM-66 7064:AGM-65 7059:AGM-64 7054:AGM-63 7049:AGM-62 7044:MQM-61 7039:AQM-60 7034:RGM-59 7029:MQM-58 7024:MQM-57 7019:PQM-56 7014:RIM-55 7009:AIM-54 7004:AGM-53 6999:MGM-52 6994:MGM-51 6987:51–100 6978:RIM-50 6973:LIM-49 6963:AGM-48 6958:AIM-47 6953:MIM-46 6948:AGM-45 6943:UUM-44 6938:FIM-43 6933:MQM-42 6928:AQM-41 6923:MQM-40 6918:MQM-39 6913:AQM-38 6908:AQM-37 6903:MQM-36 6888:AQM-34 6883:MQM-33 6878:MGM-32 6863:LGM-30 6858:MGM-29 6853:AGM-28 6848:UGM-27 6843:AIM-26 6826:RIM-24 6821:MIM-23 6816:AGM-22 6811:MGM-21 6806:ADM-20 6801:PGM-19 6796:MGM-18 6791:PGM-17 6786:CGM-16 6781:RGM-15 6776:MIM-14 6766:AGM-12 6761:PGM-11 6756:CIM-10 6642:Cotton 6627:Wilson 6523:Weapon 6212:Groups 5840: 5832: 5824: 5814: 5789: 5779: 5720: 5710: 5689: 5679: 5658: 5650: 5640: 5623: 5615: 5607: 5597: 5288:af.mil 4982:Flight 4424: 4416: 4408: 4398: 4339: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4270: 4247: 4239: 4231: 4221: 3886: 3821: 3813: 3803: 3758: 3748: 3684: 3676: 3666: 3612: 3604: 3596: 3550: 3542: 3534: 3524: 3340: 3332: 3324: 3316: 2968: 2657:Nevada 2628: 2138:Active 1972:was a 1866:EC-135 1724:fuzing 1532:decoys 1473:Airmen 1438:diodes 1361:nozzle 1226:, ND. 1214:, and 1108:. The 899:WS-199 673:Boeing 666:medium 662:short- 604:; and 557:(USN) 543:Soviet 451:Launch 414:system 341: 290:Engine 215: 208: 198: 190:Length 180: 173: 166: 136:Boeing 118: 99: 92: 85: 11060:L (I) 10923:S (I) 10653:A (I) 10588:A (I) 9991:L (I) 9966:L (I) 9750:L (I) 9488:G (I) 9346:M (I) 9192:B/C/N 8206:IM-99 8201:RM-92 8196:RM-91 8191:RM-90 8186:RM-89 8171:RM-86 8166:RM-85 8161:RM-84 8151:RM-82 8146:RM-81 8141:SM-80 8131:SM-78 8121:TM-76 8116:SM-75 8111:SM-74 8106:SM-73 8091:IM-70 8086:IM-69 8081:SM-68 8071:SM-65 8066:SM-64 8056:SM-62 8051:TM-61 8010:GAR-9 8005:GAR-8 8000:GAR-6 7995:GAR-5 7990:GAR-4 7985:GAR-3 7980:GAR-2 7975:GAR-1 7880:GLSDB 7840:NCADE 7830:MA-31 7780:Brazo 7775:ASALM 6751:AIM-9 6746:RIM-8 6739:RIM-7 6734:AIM-7 6729:RGM-6 6724:MGM-5 6719:AIM-4 6714:MIM-3 6709:RIM-2 6704:MGM-1 6622:Klotz 6506:436th 6490:625th 6443:741st 6438:740th 6433:490th 6428:321st 6423:320th 6418:319th 6392:576th 6378:394th 6364:393rd 6277:509th 6272:341st 6199:498th 6183:341st 6157:509th 6119:377th 6105:Wings 6075:Units 6052:Minot 6027:Dyess 6015:Bases 5748:(PDF) 5734:(PDF) 5256:(PDF) 5245:(PDF) 5220:(PDF) 5209:(PDF) 5175:(PDF) 5164:(PDF) 5126:(PDF) 5115:(PDF) 4920:(PDF) 4909:(PDF) 4694:NS50. 3974:(PDF) 3959:(PDF) 3594:eISSN 3429:(PDF) 3422:(PDF) 3378:(PDF) 3363:(PDF) 3314:eISSN 3298:(2). 3223:(PDF) 3208:(PDF) 3179:(PDF) 3164:(PDF) 3098:(PDF) 2896:Notes 2813:DF-41 2575:Units 1920:SS-24 1528:chaff 1410:D-37C 1249:words 1041:XB-70 863:BINAC 844:D-17B 575:yield 421:NS-50 361:range 11056:802 10879:695 10844:691 10814:687 10779:683 10759:681 10704:672 10664:666 10649:665 10584:655 10514:649 10494:648 10414:634 10339:621 10239:603 10224:602 10209:601 10153:580 10123:560 10103:550 10032:499 10002:498 9982:497 9962:495 9927:490 9892:485 9872:484 9808:478 9771:474 9746:471 9629:451 9589:445 9554:441 9514:435 9484:431 9459:428 9444:427 9429:426 9372:418 9337:416 9317:414 9233:405 9160:399 9135:380 8972:315 8917:306 8811:222 8691:201 8573:132 8461:118 8446:117 8386:107 7970:MB-1 7855:PrSM 7845:NLOS 7835:MSDM 7825:LRHW 7820:LREW 7800:HACM 7795:HALO 7742:201– 6697:1–50 6632:Rand 6474:54th 6469:40th 6464:37th 6448:742d 6413:12th 6408:10th 6359:343d 6354:96th 6349:93rd 6344:69th 6339:37th 6334:34th 6329:28th 6324:23rd 6319:20th 6314:13th 6309:11th 6297:Bomb 6267:91st 6262:90th 6257:28th 6226:582d 6178:91st 6173:90th 6152:28th 6129:Bomb 5849:2019 5830:OCLC 5822:LCCN 5812:ISBN 5787:OCLC 5777:ISBN 5756:2019 5718:OCLC 5708:ISBN 5687:OCLC 5677:ISBN 5648:OCLC 5638:ISBN 5613:OCLC 5605:LCCN 5595:ISBN 5567:2016 5537:2016 5493:2017 5450:2016 5420:2016 5390:2019 5360:2015 5330:2017 5300:2017 5264:2017 5228:2017 5183:2017 5134:2017 5095:2022 5069:2011 5025:2013 4994:2015 4960:2019 4928:2019 4880:2016 4850:2016 4815:2019 4777:2019 4727:2019 4685:2019 4648:2019 4614:2019 4579:2019 4549:2020 4524:2020 4496:2019 4455:2019 4414:OCLC 4406:LCCN 4396:ISBN 4337:OSTI 4318:2020 4284:OCLC 4276:LCCN 4268:ASIN 4237:OCLC 4229:LCCN 4219:ISBN 4184:2019 4141:2019 4105:2019 4063:2019 4021:2019 3988:ALCM 3982:2019 3932:2023 3900:2019 3884:OCLC 3830:2019 3811:OCLC 3801:ISBN 3772:2019 3756:OCLC 3746:ISBN 3693:2019 3674:OCLC 3664:ISBN 3626:2019 3610:OCLC 3602:ISSN 3564:2019 3540:OCLC 3532:LCCN 3522:ISBN 3437:2021 3386:2019 3338:OCLC 3330:LCCN 3322:ISSN 3264:2019 3231:2019 3187:2019 3081:2019 3029:2021 2910:silo 2833:RT-2 2823:R-36 2808:DF-5 2769:The 2671:Utah 2098:The 2052:and 1918:and 1829:The 1817:The 1738:The 1694:and 1692:SORT 1658:USSR 1592:MIRV 1555:D37D 1530:and 1416:and 1394:and 1147:The 1102:B-70 1062:and 1005:RAND 1001:B-70 730:and 675:and 664:and 656:and 549:and 484:The 390:Mach 343:III) 217:III) 200:I/A) 182:III) 158:Mass 101:III) 54:Type 11218:968 11208:956 11203:855 11198:854 11193:853 11188:952 11162:846 11152:834 11147:833 11142:832 11132:823 11127:822 11122:821 11117:820 11112:819 11107:818 11102:817 11092:807 11087:806 11082:805 11077:804 11072:803 11052:801 11047:800 11026:754 11016:745 11011:744 11006:743 11001:742 10996:741 10991:740 10986:739 10981:738 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