Lê Lợi - Knowledge

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However, his excitement soon turned into disappointment when he saw that his catch was a long, thin piece of metal which had somehow become entangled to the net. He threw it back into the water, and recast the net at a different location. When he pulled the net in, the metal piece had found its way back into the net. He picked it up and threw it far away with all its strength. The third time the fishing net came up, the same thing happened, the metal piece was once again caught in the net. Bewildered, he brought his lamp closer and carefully examined the strange object. Only then did he notice that it was the missing blade of a sword. He took the blade home and not knowing what to do with it, put it in the corner of his house. Some years later, Lê Thận joined the rebel army of Lê Lợi, where he quickly rose in ranks. Once, the general visited Lê Thận's home. Lê Thận's house lacked lighting, so everything was dark. But as though it was sensing the presence of Lê Lợi, the blade at the corner of the house suddenly emitted a bright glow. Lê Lợi held up the blade and saw two words manifesting before his very eye: Thuận Thiên (Will of Heaven). With Lê Thận's endorsement, Lê Lợi took the blade with him.

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Believing that the Heaven had entrusted him with the great cause of freeing the land, Lê Lợi took up arms and rallied people under his banner. For the next few years, the magic sword brought him victory after another. His men no longer had to hide in the forest, but aggressively penetrated many enemy camps, captured them and seized their granaries. The sword helped them push back the enemy, until Vietnam was once again free from Chinese rule. Lê Lợi ascended the throne in 1428, ending his 10-year campaign, and reclaimed independence for the country. The stories claim Lê Lợi grew very tall when he used the sword and it gave him the strength of many men. Other stories say that the sword blade and the sword hilt came together from different places, the blade fished out of a lake, the hilt found by Lê Lợi himself.

1599:, advanced toward the boat and the king, then with a human voice, it asked him to return the magic sword to his master, Long Vương (Dragon King), who lived under the water. Suddenly it became clear to Lê Lợi that the sword was only lent to him to carry out his duty, but now it must be returned to its rightful owner, lest it corrupt him. Lê Lợi drew the sword out of its scabbard and lobbed it towards the turtle. With great speed, the turtle opened its mouth and snatched the sword from the air with its teeth. It descended back into the water, with the shiny sword in its mouth. Lê Lợi then acknowledged the sword had gone back to the Long Vương (Dragon King) and caused the lake to be renamed ' 1550: 447:

Lê Lợi is Lê Mỗi, who is from Bái Đô (now part of Xuân Bái commune, Thọ Xuân district). Lê Mỗi had five children, and Lê Hối is his second son who is Lê Lợi's paternal great-grandfather. Bái Đô is an area that was historically never settled by Mường people. Regarding Lê Lợi's maternal lineage, the maternal side also originated from Kinh people who migrated to develop the Thủy Chú region. Therefore, it is confirmed that Lê Lợi is of Kinh ethnicity, not Mường. The Lê/Lê Duy clan was the powerful clan in Lam Sơn for hundreds of years. The area of Lam Sơn, Thanh Hóa back then in the late 14th century was a mixed region with various ethnic groups such as Vietnamese,

1309: 1520: 1030:, near Lam Son but was then betrayed by a turncoat who showed Ming units a way to attack him by surprise from the rear. His partisan party scattered and he briefly went into hiding before regaining enough strength to ambush the Ming patrol and force it to withdraw. In 1419 Lê Lợi attacked and seized a Ming outpost near Lam Son held by a local noble who was working for the Chinese, and beheaded 300 enemies captured here. In the next year, Lê Lợi spent time marching around the western highlands to recruit more men. In late 1420 his force ambushed a Ming patrol. The Chinese marquis, 1501: 509: 1094:. By the end of 1424, Le Loi's rebels had forced the Ming army being clustered in Vinh, which is provincial capital of Nghệ An. Le Loi recruited thousands soldiers from ethnic minority in the highland west of the Cả River delta for his army. His forces then defeated an army of ethnic minority troops who had joined the Ming cause. Then they headed east down into the coastal lowlands of Nghệ An. He sought to convince the densely ethnic-Kinh population areas in Nghe An by demonstrating discipline and refraining from exactions. 1562: 2048: 1535: 1407: 984: 2034: 40: 3150: 1135: 2062: 462:'s revolts against the Chinese rules (1408 – 1414), Lê Lợi joined the revolt as nominally in charge of the royal guard. He was arrested and imprisoned by the Chinese from 1413 to 1415 after the Trần princes were defeated, and other revolts were suppressed in 1411 and 1420. After his release, he worked as a tutor officer and translator for the Ming colonial administrator in Ngã Lạc county, 336:. He was known for his effective guerrilla tactics, including constantly moving his camps and using small bands of irregulars to ambush the larger Ming forces. Nine years later, his resistance movement successfully drove the Ming armies out of Vietnam and restored Vietnamese independence. Lê Lợi is among the most famous figures of Vietnamese history and one of its greatest heroes. 1074:, and he downgraded the role of the military. He wanted to consolidate the core of what had been achieved by his father and grandfather but had no taste for costly adventures. He recalled Huang Fu from Jiaozhi and lowered the priority of holding that distant place. After only one year as emperor, Zhu Gaozhi died suddenly of a heart attack, but his son and successor, 2076: 1591:

One day, while on the run from the enemy, Lê Lợi saw a strange light emanating from the branches of a banyan tree. He climbed up and there he found a hilt of a sword, encrusted with precious gems. Remembering the blade he found earlier, he took it out and placed it into the hilt. The fit was perfect.

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Lê Lợi renamed the capital, Thăng Long, to Đông Kinh, which later known as Tonkin. He embarked on a significant reorganization of the Vietnamese government, based on the old system of government which was developed during the late 14th century. He also elevated his longtime comrades and generals such

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study to the local people, forced the Vietnamese to wear Chinese clothes and adopt Chinese culture. The Ming government enjoyed some support from the Vietnamese, at least in the capital of Thăng Long, but their efforts to assert control in the surrounding countryside were met with stiff resistance. A

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as the greatest policy disaster suffered by the early Ming empire. China would not again invade its southern neighbor for 360 years. According to a Ming report, Le Bi (黎秘), the chief eunuch of Lê Lợi and 10,000 Vietnamese were killed after Ming forces crushed and defeated their invasion in 1427 of a

1275:

kept the main forces, so he sent Le Sat, Le Nhan Chu, Le Van Linh, Dinh Liet to wait at Chi Lang, and at the same time commanded Le Van An, Le Ly to take alternative forces to support. With Mu Sheng's forces, he knew Thanh was an experienced general and will be waiting for Liu Sheng's results before

1025:

When the Lam Son uprising took place, the Ming commanding officer was Marquis Li Bin, who stern attitude toward the Annamites of Jiaozhi and disregard for their sensibilities and political aspirations only intensified their hatred for the Chinese. In early 1418, Lê Lợi and his men successful managed

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When the Ming soldiers were close, he hid in the bushes. The Chinese soldiers then sent dogs to sniff him out, but spotted within the bushes was a fox with a human face. The fox ran away and the dog followed, but those Ming soldiers killed the dogs for not doing their proper jobs. The soldiers then

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aristocrat nobleman/land owner in the village, although there is some evidence to suggest his family was Mường in origin. There has also been hypotheses suggesting that Lê Lợi was a Mường military leader. However, recent genealogical studies of the Lê family have discovered that the primogenitor of

1454:

The Le government rebuilt the infrastructure of Vietnam: roads, bridges, canals. Land distribution were awarded to soldiers that contributed in the war against the Ming Empire. He revived the classical examination and devised good administrative laws. With the peace returned, men released from the

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time and again criticized Ma Ji's wanton behavior in Jiaozhi. Although Ma Ji did the bidding of His Majesty, his conduct provided the catalyst that brought the new uprising. The Chinese also said that Lê Lợi escaped to Laos and Cambodia several times. In early 1418, Lê Lợi again raised the flag of

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It was split into two parts: a blade and a sword hilt. First, in Thanh Hóa province, there was a fisherman named Lê Thận, who was not related to Lê Lợi in any way. One night, his fishing net caught something heavy. Thinking of how much money he would get for this big fish, he became very excited.

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Internal palace politics quickly decimated the ranks of Lê Lợi's trusted counselors, Trần Nguyên Hãn committed suicide when he was being taken to the capital for investigating his suspected betrayal, Phạm Văn Xảo was executed in 1432 and Lê Sát, who ruled as regent for five years, was executed in

1485:

Many legends and stories were told about Lê Lợi (magical sword, escaped death thanks to fox,...). In story help from fox, Lê Lợi was fighting Ming dynasty for Vietnam's independence. When he was defeated and ran, he saw a corpse of a woman on the way. Lê Lợi then dug a hole and gave her a proper

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king, Lê Lợi satisfied the aim of restoring the Trần that had ostensibly led to the initial Ming intervention and that Zhu Zhanji now eagerly want to terminate further intervention. With imperial forces under siege, Ming could not be idle. Maintaining the appearance of empire required efforts to

1195:

In early December 1426, Lý Triện and Đinh Lễ's 3,000 Vietnamese rebels achieved a surprise victory over the Ming army led by Wang Tong with about 30,000 Chinese soldiers were killed or captured in Tốt Động (32 km south of Hanoi) while countless horses, supplies, weapons, and so on fell into

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approached down the valley from the opposite direction. Lê Lợi was under the illusion that the Laotians were his allies. However, they sided with the Ming and joined the Chinese to laid siege on Lê Lợi. By the end of 1422, Lê Lợi was utterly defeated and sued for peace. In 1423 he was forced to

1606:

Countless poems and songs were written about Lê Lợi, both during his lifetime and in later years. Lê Lợi is looked upon as the perfect embodiment of the just, wise, and capable leader. All future Vietnamese kings were measured against the standard of Lê Lợi and most were found wanting.

1151:

requested permission to resume command of Ming Jiaozhi army to deal with the worsening situation there, the emperor refused. In 1426, Zhu Zhanji proclaimed a general amnesty and abolished all taxes in Jiaozhi except for land taxes to be paid in rice, needed to supply Ming garrisons.

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From 1430 to 1432, the king and his army fought a set of campaigns in the hills to the west of the coastal area. Then, in 1433, he became sick and his health declined. On his deathbed he appointed his prince Lê Sát as the regent for his second son, who would rule after him as

1022:. The first record of firearm usage in Đại Việt was in 1390 when Vietnamese soldiers used cannons and killed the Cham king Chế Bồng Nga. Lê Lợi's Lam Son rebels employed firearms, copied in rebel-built arsenals from Ming weapons used against Hồ Quý Ly army ten years earlier. 1418:

of the Ming Empire officially recognized Lê Lợi as the king of Dai Viet in 1431. In return, Lê Lợi sent diplomatic messages to the Ming imperial court, promising his loyalty as a nominate tributary state of China and cooperation, and paid 50,000 gold taels for obtaining

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In late 1424, news of the new emperor's proclamation and of Huang Fu's recall prompted Lê Lợi to set out on a new trajectory. He returned the resistance movement as the rebel leader in the Thanh Hoa highlands. Lê Lợi rebuilt his partisan army, follow his comrade,

1018:(1374—1446), the eldest son of Hồ Quý Ly, who was charged with manufacturing their superior muskets and explosive weapons. The Artillery Camp was thus built around these Vietnamese firearm specialists, who instructed Ming soldiers under the supervision of palace 1014:. Chinese armies had employed firearms before the fifteenth century, but they came to possess superior weapons from Annam during the Vietnamese campaigns of the early fifteenth century. They also captured one of the leading Vietnamese firearms experts, 1227:

that guarded the route out of the Red River Delta to the northern border. All the Ming garrisons south of Tay Do had surrendered. Lê Lợi established his headquarters at Bồ Đề, in Gia Lâm district, directly across the Red River from Dongguan.

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The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition : Including the Unabridged Third Edition (1903) of Henry Yule's Annotated Translation, as Revised by Henri Cordier, Together with Cordier's Later Volume of Notes and Addenda

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Vietnamese hands. Among these Ming troops were 510 soldiers armed with firearms, led by the regional military commander of the Firearms Battalion, Xie Rong, whom had been sent on May 8, 1426, by the Ming emperor to follow Wang Tong.

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to reinforce Dongguan, Lê Lợi, leaving some troops to besiege Vinh, followed the Ming forces as they moved north, rallying thousands of men from Thanh Hoa as he went. Pushing into the Red River Delta he proclaimed as king a certain

474:). He then became involved in a feud with a neighboring strongman who denounced him as a rebel to the Ming. The Ming chased him back to his village. It was widely reported that when Lê Lợi's daughter was nine years old, a Chinese 1294:

of the Ming dynasty decided to withdraw his army from Northern Vietnam. After this final victory, the Vietnamese repatriated 86,640 Ming prisoners to China and confiscated all their weapons. The defeat is considered by historian

1192:, at Dongguan as Huang Fu's replacement, was prepared to surrender, but local people who were loyal to Ming persuaded him to resist. Civilians in the Red River Delta welcomed and supported the Lam Son army where they came. 1206:

By the beginning of 1427, five major Ming strongholds were under siege. These were Dongguan and Tây Đô; Cổ Long, a fortress built to guard the southern entrance to the Red River delta in Y Yen district, near Vu Ban in

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After he became king, he would return to that area and set up a shrine, conferring the woman the title of Hộ Quốc Phu Nhân, or Lady Protector of the Nation. The fox spirit eventually became a local god of the area.

1188:, supposedly a Trần prince. Men and scholars from the Red River Delta began to join his army as he called for those who had favored the Ming to come to his side and arrested those who did not. The Chinese general, 1584:' (Thuận Thiên) from the Dragon King (Vietnamese: Long Vương), a demi-god to the local people, who decided to lend his sword to Lê Lợi. But there was a catch: the sword did not come straight to him in one piece. 1455:

army service, included non-Viet soldiers, were encouraged to settle in low density areas in the country, increasing rice production led population expansion during his reign, particularly in the coastal areas.

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family to power. A relative of the Trần king was chosen as the figurehead of the revolt but within a few years, the Trần pretender was removed and the unquestioned leader of the revolt was Lê Lợi himself.

1066:'s son and successor, issued a proclamation indicating a dramatic change of Ming policy in Jiaozhi. calling for "reform", he abolished the collection of commodities. In other initiatives, he moved to end 1500: 1109:

and Thừa Thiên, and gained control of the southern land. In the north, Lê Lợi's men captured a Ming supply fleet in northern Nghệ An, then pursued the Ming force in Thanh Hoa and besieged them at

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The stories largely agree on what happened to the sword: One day, not long after the Chinese had accepted Vietnam as independent, Lê Lợi was out boating on a lake in Hanoi. The golden turtle,

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1438. Nguyễn Trãi was killed in 1442 (it was claimed he was involved in or responsible for the death of Lê Thái Tông). Only Trịnh Khả survived to an old age and even he was executed in 1451.

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In 1425, as the Ming court was preoccupied with the death of one emperor and the accession of another, Lê Lợi led armies both to the south and to the north. In the south, his soldiers under

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From the start, the Ming had tried to ensure that local opposition forces would not obtain the new weapons technology, including the Chinese musket known as the magic handgun. The

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taking actions, so Lê Lợi commanded Pham Van Xao and Trinh Kha entrenched all time. In September, Liu Sheng's 90,000-strong army was defeated in Chi Lang, himself was executed.

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In 1425, the Ming Emperor Zhu Zhanji expressed his opinion that it would be better to restore the Trần dynasty and return to the old tributary relationship. In the next year,

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Mu Sheng heard Liu Sheng was killed and beheaded so he scared and ran away. Pham Van Xao and Trinh Kha followed, killed 10,000 soldiers, arrested 1,000 ones and horses.

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in return for food, salt, rice, and farm implements. However, the Ming arrested the messenger Lê Trăn. This raised suspicion to Lê Lợi and he cancelled the peace pact.

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From the mid-1300s, Đại Việt faced serious troubles that damaged much of the kingdom. The fourteenth century ecological breakdown led to a social crisis as the ruling

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Kang, David C.; Nguyen, Dat X.; Fu, Ronan Tse-min; Shaw, Meredith (2019). "War, Rebellion, and Intervention under Hierarchy: Vietnam–China Relations, 1365 to 1841".

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counted and well-guarded. The Ming occupying army of Jiaozhi consisted 87,000 regulars, scattered in 39 citadels and towns in Northern Vietnam, but clustered in the

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weakened. Even in the capital, Thăng Long, turmoil broke out in 1369–70, provoking a princely coup and a short, bloody civil war. From the south, the Chams under

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In late 1421, a large Ming army marched to the Mã River valley to attack Lê Lợi and the Vietnamese rebels. A Laotian army with 30,000 men and 100 elephants from

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general popular dissatisfaction with the colonial arrangement seems clear. Between 1415 and 1424, 31 uprising and revolt leaders against the Ming emerged in

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responded by mobilizing Ming and local military forces to against him, but Lê Lợi defeated them, gained the control over Quan Hoa district on the upper

382:, who invaded Vietnam under the pretext of restoring the deposed Trần dynasty. In 1406 215,000 Chinese troops crossed the border commanded by generals 374:, then marched north and against sacked Thăng Long four more times from 1378 to 1383. The repeated destruction of a radical intellectual and reformer, 1316: 1282:

Le Loi understood that Ming Jiaozhi was at its end. The Ming were unlikely to make any serious effort to reassert their control in Jiaozhi. By making

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Yu, Insun (2006), "Lê Văn Hưu and Ngô Sĩ Liên: A Comparison of Their Perception of Vietnamese History", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.),

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Chan, Hok-lam (2008), "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsiian-te reigns, 1399 - 1435", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John K. (eds.),

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as an independent state (Annam). On April 15, 1428, Lê Lợi took the throne and claimed himself King of the restored Dai Viet kingdom. He chose his

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By 1427, captured northern and Muslim prisoners also furnished the Vietnamese with siege techniques, primitive tanks, flying horse carts, Muslim

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By the end of 1425, Lê Lợi's Vietnamese rebels liberated all land from Thanh Hoa to the south, and besieged all the Ming forces in the region.

378:(c. 1336 – 1408). In 1399 Hồ Quý Ly deposed the Trần royal family and declared himself as ruler of Đại Việt. This provoked a response from the 483: 1549: 3327: 3166: 787: 3458: 3220: 2726:

Page 7 2008 "... expression of the traditional attitude against foreign invasion derived from such heroes as Trưng Sisters Queens,

1580:, Lê Lợi was said to have a magic sword of wondrous power. One story tells that he obtained the sword, inscribed with the words ' 1290:

After a six-month siege on the Ming-held citadel of Xương Giang, the citadel fell to Lê Lợi in October 1427, ended the war. The

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return to Lam Son. The Ming army offered a peace treaty, in which Lê Lợi paid an indemnity with unspecified amounts of gold and

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Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.),

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Lê Lợi's proclamation of independence reflected the Sino-Vietnamese tensions as well as Vietnamese pride and patriotism:

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Wang, Gungwu (1998), "Ming foreign relations: Southeast Asia", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John K. (eds.),

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Thống Thiên Khải Vận Thánh Đức Thần Công Duệ Văn Anh Vũ Khoan Minh Dũng Trí Hoàng Nghĩa Chí Minh Đại Hiếu Cao Hoàng đế

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Every town in Vietnam has one of the major streets named after Lê Lợi, but in Hanoi the name is Lê Thái Tổ Street.

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Anderson, James A. (2020), "The Ming invasion of Vietnam, 1407-1427", in Kang, David C.; Haggard, Stephan (eds.),

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In 1427, after 10 years of war, Đại Việt regained its independence and the Ming Empire officially acknowledged

3438: 3463: 2089: 1203:(hui hui pao 回回砲), and another artillery piece that the Chinese called a "thousand-ball thunder cannon". 656: 269:

in English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the

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Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830

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Japanese anime "Fate/Grand Order x Himuro's Universe: Seven Most Powerful Great Figures Chapter".

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through the mountains north of Tây Đô to emerge at the head of the Red River plain, threatening

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During Lê Lợi's early adult time, the Ming invasion and occupation suddenly happened. During

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The Vinh Lang stele from Lê Lợi's mausoleum, erected in the 6th year of Thuận Thiên(1433)

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The Japanese video game "Hero * Senki WW" features a playable female version of Lê Lợi.

1581: 777: 767: 2108:"Emperor" was not used domestically by the Lê dynasty until the reign of Lê Thánh Tông 1444: 1114: 3120: 3092: 3073: 3045: 3026: 3003: 2977: 2942: 2923: 2904: 2885: 2866: 2844: 2826: 2808: 2790: 2752: 2731: 2372: 2128: 1448: 1351: 1156: 1106: 443: 309: 154: 3387: 2839:

Li, Tana (2011), "A Geopolitical Overview", in Li, Tana; Anderson, James A. (eds.),

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burial, saying that if she protected him from getting captured, he would repay her.

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and cutting it off from the road to Yunnan. When Ming soldiers were recalled from

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is where Lê Lợi returned the sword to the Golden Turtle, according to the legend.

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East Asia in the World: Twelve Events That Shaped the Modern International Order

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Photograph of the abandoned Royal Palace in Hanoi before being destroyed in 1884

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Naga Cities of the Mekong: A Guide to the Temples, Legends, and History of Laos

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Quoted in Ralph Smith, Viet-Nam and the West (London: Heinemann, 1968), p.9.

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in a noble family, and he was the youngest among three sons. His father

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Ho Quoc Phu Nhan (It is for reference only, need more reference source)

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Lê Lợi was born on the sixth day of August, 1385 in Lam Giang village,

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families. Initially, Lê Lợi campaigned on the basis of restoring the

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and other prefecture capitals where the Ming troops were stationed.

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Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History of a National ...

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In late March 1427, around 120,000 Chinese reinforcements led by

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Province, on the road between Dongguan and Tây Đô; a fortress at

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Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia

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resistance at his home village of Lam Sơn, declaring himself

363: 296:: 黎利; 10 September 1385 – 5 October 1433), also known by his 123: 1572:

The most famous story concerns his magical sword. Much like

1219:, that guarded the eastern part of the Red River delta; and 401:, encouraging the Ming Confucian ideology, bureaucratic and 366:

in 1371. In 1377 Champa defeated and killed Đại Việt's king

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The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty

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The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty

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reinforce or to rescue the besieged remnants of Jiaozhi.

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areas. They also employed a significant number of local

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Coins issued by the Lam Sơn 's National Liberation army

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Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present

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Our Great Viet is a country where prosperity abounds.

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and became the first king of the restored kingdom of

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In 1426 Lê Lợi sent his armies led by his generals,

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repeatedly fought against Đại Việt, and even sacked

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A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400-1830

2985:Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y. (2015). 2590: 2393: 2347: 2332: 2231: 1346:

Mountains, rivers, frontiers have all been divided;

2920:The Kingdoms of Laos: Six Hundred Years of History 2662: 2617: 2162: 1391:We have been sometimes strong, and sometimes weak, 1259:At first, Lê Lợi commanded the residents be moved 75:29 April 1428 – 5 October 1433 (5 years, 159 days) 2566: 2527: 2515: 1630:contains a six-chapter campaign depicting Lê Lợi. 1603:' (Hoan Kiem Lake) located in present-day Hanoi. 1431:. Lê Lợi briefly established good relations with 1138:Illustration of primitive tank from Chinese book 3410: 3167:The Legend of Le Loi from JourneyFromTheFall.com 3042:A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads 2955: 2656: 2578: 1252:, included 10,000 crack troops who had followed 632: 618: 558: 544: 44:Lê Lợi statue in front of the Municipal Hall of 1414:Lê Lợi formally re-established Đại Việt as the 1078:(r. 1425–1435), continued his father policies. 1026:and ambushed a Ming patrol column on the upper 1348:For the customs are distinct: North and South. 3221: 1447:, Tran Nguyen Han, Lê Sát, Pham Van Sao, and 1393:But never yet have we been lacking in heroes. 1058:Within a month of taking the throne, Emperor 964: 503: 3162:Short biography of Le Loi from Vietmedia.com 2984: 2882:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle 2698: 2252: 1642:is named after the mythical sword of Lê Lợi. 3113: 1528:of Lê Lợi on the Lake of the Returned Sword 498: 3228: 3214: 3114:Cordier, Henri; Yule, Henry, eds. (1993). 2936: 2438: 1086:to march south through the mountains into 971: 957: 38: 2993: 2509: 1636:The name of Vietnamese MMORPG video game 393:The Ming Chinese began building up their 3067: 2820: 2635: 2414: 2387: 2225: 2192: 2180: 1405: 1315: 1307: 1133: 982: 507: 16:Founding Emperor of the Later Lê dynasty 3086: 2856: 2710: 2683: 2611: 2497: 2326: 2204: 2156: 2141: 1627:Age of Empires II HD: Rise of the Rajas 308:(平定王; "Prince of Pacification"), was a 3411: 3016: 2548: 2480: 2459: 2309: 1885: 1881: 1871: 1777: 1679: 1675: 1397:Of that let our history be the proof." 3209: 3089:Education As a Political Tool in Asia 2917: 2426: 2263: 2261: 1978: 1975: 1965: 1953: 1943: 1939: 1927: 1925: 1915: 1903: 1893: 1889: 1868: 1858: 1846: 1836: 1832: 1820: 1817: 1807: 1795: 1785: 1781: 1765: 1762: 1752: 1739: 1729: 1725: 1713: 1710: 1700: 1687: 1683: 1613: 1303: 1053: 990:(northern Vietnam) when it was under 287: 3058: 3039: 2898: 2879: 2784: 2775: 2671: 2623: 2596: 2402: 2356: 2341: 2267: 2237: 2168: 1473: 577:Lê Lợi began his revolt against the 350:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam 328:. In 1418, Lê Lợi and his followers 304:(黎太祖) and by his pre-imperial title 2802: 2572: 2560: 2533: 2521: 2129:"Lê, Lợi King of Vietnam 1385-1433" 482:'s harem. Yongle's grand secretary 13: 3133: 3107: 2884:. University of Washington Press. 2838: 2584: 2258: 1490:left, and Lê Lợi escaped capture. 1344:Where civilization reigns supreme. 1335:(順天), literally "To obey Heaven." 1271:to segregate Ming troops. He knew 1231: 1223:, a citadel at the modern city of 14: 3480: 3143: 2841:The Tongking Gulf Through History 3459:15th-century Vietnamese monarchs 3148: 2270:"Lê Lợi có phải là người Mường?" 2074: 2060: 2046: 2032: 1560: 1548: 1533: 1518: 1499: 1123: 1105:and then marched through modern 189:Thuận Thiên (順天): 1428–1433 2918:Simms, Peter and Sanda (1999). 2901:The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty 2768: 2741: 2716: 2641: 2362: 1463:. He was posthumously named as 1101:defeated a Ming army in modern 495:(平定王, Prince of Pacification). 3136:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories 3072:. Cambridge University Press. 2958:Journal of Conflict Resolution 2899:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1996). 2880:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2011). 2805:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories 2751:. Periplus Travel Maps. 2002. 2268:Phạm, Tấn (16 February 2008). 2102: 1601:The Lake of the Returned Sword 1507:The Lake of the Returned Sword 1130:Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động 633: 559: 1: 2989:. Cambridge University Press. 1540:Temple of Lê Lợi in Lam Sơn, 425: 339: 312:rebel leader who founded the 265:, but is often simplified to 3061:Annam and its minor currency 2090:List of Vietnamese dynasties 7: 3068:Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). 3019:A History of the Vietnamese 2937:Stuart-Fox, Martin (2006). 2025: 1656: 1320:Coins issued by king Lê Lợi 1244:advanced into Jiaozhi from 203:(統天啟運聖德神功睿文英武寬明勇智弘義至明大孝高皇帝) 10: 3485: 3454:Vietnamese revolutionaries 3023:Cambridge University Press 3000:Cambridge University Press 2994:Lieberman, Victor (2003). 2115: 1883: 1771: 1677: 1477: 1127: 515: 504:Lam Sơn revolt (1418–1423) 343: 252: 3244: 3194: 3187: 3179: 3017:Taylor, Keith W. (2013). 1959: 1941: 1933: 1909: 1891: 1887: 1852: 1834: 1826: 1801: 1783: 1779: 1746: 1727: 1719: 1694: 1681: 1300:Chinese town in Guangxi. 626: 619: 612: 607: 589:, most famously were the 571: 552: 538: 533: 529: 524: 243: 235: 223: 214: 207: 200: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 169: 153: 143: 130: 117: 103: 99: 89: 79: 71: 53: 37: 28: 21: 3444:Vietnamese Confucianists 3087:Vickers, Edward (2010). 2970:10.1177/0022002718772345 2699:Andaya & Andaya 2015 2253:Andaya & Andaya 2015 2095: 1401: 499:Revolt against Ming rule 121:5 October 1433 (aged 48) 48:, the place of his birth 3449:Vietnamese nationalists 3119:. Courier Corporation. 2863:Oxford University Press 1665:Ancestry of King Lê Lợi 1555:Main entrance to a tomb 1451:to high official rank. 184:Era name and dates 3040:Reid, Anthony (2015). 1411: 1399: 1321: 1313: 1144: 995: 545: 513: 320:after the country was 31:Great King of Đại Việt 3157:at Wikimedia Commons 3063:. Noronha & Sons. 2857:Kiernan, Ben (2019). 1763:Lê Khoáng (1350–1402) 1740:Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Duyên 1409: 1340: 1319: 1311: 1137: 986: 511: 344:Further information: 247:Trịnh Thị Ngọc Thương 3439:Vietnamese Buddhists 3189:Emperor of Đại Việt 1256:on his expeditions. 3464:Vietnamese monarchs 3434:Lê dynasty emperors 2749:Vietnam Country Map 1389:Over the Centuries, 614:Vietnamese alphabet 455:and Tai villagers. 84:Dynasty established 1869:Lê Lợi (1385–1433) 1614:In popular culture 1582:The Will of Heaven 1412: 1386:Ruled over Theirs. 1322: 1314: 1304:Restoring Đại Việt 1145: 1054:Capture of Nghệ An 996: 514: 436:Thanh Hóa province 397:administration in 289:[lelə̂ːjˀ] 149:Phạm Thị Ngọc Trần 46:Thanh Hóa Province 3469:Founding monarchs 3429:Vietnamese rebels 3406: 3405: 3204: 3203: 3195:Succeeded by 3153:Media related to 3126:978-0-486-27587-1 3098:978-0-415-59536-0 3079:978-1-316-53131-0 3059:Toda, Ed (1882). 3051:978-1-118-51295-1 3032:978-1-107-24435-1 3009:978-1-139-43762-2 2948:978-981-05-5923-6 2941:. Media Masters. 2929:978-0-7007-1531-2 2891:978-0-295-80022-6 2872:978-0-190-05379-6 2850:978-0-812-20502-2 2832:978-1-108-47987-5 2814:978-1-316-44504-4 2022: 2021: 2018: 2017: 1976:Trịnh Ngọc Thương 1474:Myths and legends 1367:Built our Nation, 981: 980: 948: 947: 648: 647: 581:on the day after 575: 574: 472:Lạng Sơn Province 468:Bình Gia District 370:in a battle near 251: 250: 219: 218: 147:Trịnh Thị Ngọc Lữ 107:10 September 1385 3476: 3238:Later Lê dynasty 3236:Emperors of the 3230: 3223: 3216: 3207: 3206: 3180:Preceded by 3177: 3176: 3152: 3139: 3130: 3102: 3083: 3064: 3055: 3036: 3013: 2990: 2981: 2952: 2933: 2922:. Curzon Press. 2914: 2895: 2876: 2853: 2835: 2817: 2799: 2781: 2763: 2762: 2745: 2739: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2660: 2657:Kang et al. 2019 2654: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2563:, p. 88-89. 2558: 2552: 2546: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2484: 2478: 2463: 2457: 2442: 2441:, p. 20-21. 2436: 2430: 2429:, p. 47-48. 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2345: 2339: 2330: 2324: 2313: 2307: 2278: 2277: 2276:(in Vietnamese). 2265: 2256: 2250: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2109: 2106: 2084: 2082:Biography portal 2079: 2078: 2077: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2056: 2051: 2050: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2035: 1671: 1670: 1662: 1661: 1639:Thuận Thiên kiếm 1564: 1552: 1537: 1522: 1503: 1439:(r. 1400–1441). 1062:(r. 1424–1425), 1002:had ordered all 988:Jiaozhi Province 973: 966: 959: 664: 663: 650: 649: 644: 643: 622: 621: 605: 604: 567: 566: 548: 522: 521: 518:Lam Sơn uprising 460:two Trần princes 442:, was a wealthy 399:Jiaozhi Province 314:Later Lê dynasty 291: 286: 171: 170: 42: 19: 18: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3402: 3240: 3234: 3200: 3191: 3185: 3146: 3127: 3110: 3108:Further reading 3105: 3099: 3080: 3052: 3033: 3010: 2949: 2930: 2911: 2892: 2873: 2851: 2833: 2815: 2797: 2771: 2766: 2759: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2721: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2547: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2487: 2479: 2466: 2458: 2445: 2439:Stuart-Fox 2006 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2401: 2394: 2386: 2382: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2348: 2340: 2333: 2325: 2316: 2308: 2281: 2266: 2259: 2251: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2054:Monarchy portal 2052: 2045: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2023: 1688:Lê Hối (?–1320) 1659: 1624:The video game 1616: 1568: 1565: 1556: 1553: 1544: 1538: 1529: 1523: 1514: 1504: 1484: 1482: 1476: 1404: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1368: 1366: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1306: 1234: 1232:Final victories 1132: 1126: 1099:Trần Nguyên Hãn 1056: 1016:Hồ Nguyên Trừng 1008:Red River Delta 992:Ming occupation 977: 534:Vietnamese name 520: 506: 501: 493:Bình Định vương 428: 403:Classic Chinese 352: 342: 306:Bình Định vương 284: 278: 255:Vietnamese name 202: 195:Posthumous name 162: 148: 139: 122: 108: 60: 49: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3482: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3398:Lê Chiêu Thống 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3233: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3210: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3145: 3144:External links 3142: 3141: 3140: 3131: 3125: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3097: 3084: 3078: 3065: 3056: 3050: 3037: 3031: 3014: 3008: 2991: 2982: 2953: 2947: 2934: 2928: 2915: 2909: 2903:. SUNY Press. 2896: 2890: 2877: 2871: 2854: 2849: 2836: 2831: 2818: 2813: 2800: 2795: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2740: 2722:Van Dao Hoang 2715: 2713:, p. 147. 2703: 2701:, p. 124. 2688: 2686:, p. 202. 2676: 2661: 2659:, p. 915. 2649: 2640: 2628: 2616: 2614:, p. 197. 2601: 2599:, p. 322. 2589: 2577: 2565: 2553: 2551:, p. 185. 2538: 2526: 2514: 2512:, p. 337. 2510:Lieberman 2003 2502: 2500:, p. 196. 2485: 2483:, p. 184. 2464: 2462:, p. 183. 2443: 2431: 2419: 2407: 2405:, p. 248. 2392: 2390:, p. 102. 2380: 2361: 2359:, p. 185. 2346: 2344:, p. 184. 2331: 2329:, p. 195. 2314: 2312:, p. 182. 2279: 2274:Báo Tiền Phong 2257: 2255:, p. 123. 2242: 2240:, p. 183. 2230: 2228:, p. 103. 2209: 2207:, p. 194. 2197: 2195:, p. 101. 2185: 2173: 2171:, p. 177. 2161: 2159:, p. 183. 2146: 2144:, p. 182. 2134: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2071: 2068:History portal 2057: 2043: 2040:Vietnam portal 2027: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1667: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1644: 1643: 1634: 1631: 1619:In video games 1615: 1612: 1576:and his sword 1570: 1569: 1567:Tomb of Lê Lợi 1566: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1547: 1545: 1539: 1532: 1530: 1524: 1517: 1515: 1505: 1498: 1478:Main article: 1475: 1472: 1437:Indravarman VI 1429:Joseon dynasty 1416:Xuande Emperor 1403: 1400: 1305: 1302: 1292:Xuande Emperor 1233: 1230: 1171:, Đinh Lễ and 1141:Wujing Zongyao 1128:Main article: 1125: 1122: 1055: 1052: 1000:Yongle Emperor 979: 978: 976: 975: 968: 961: 953: 950: 949: 946: 945: 942: 936: 935: 932: 926: 925: 922: 916: 915: 912: 906: 905: 902: 896: 895: 892: 886: 885: 882: 876: 875: 872: 866: 865: 862: 856: 855: 852: 845: 844: 841: 835: 834: 831: 824: 823: 820: 814: 813: 810: 804: 803: 800: 794: 793: 790: 784: 783: 780: 774: 773: 770: 764: 763: 760: 754: 753: 750: 744: 743: 740: 734: 733: 730: 724: 723: 720: 714: 713: 710: 704: 703: 700: 694: 693: 690: 684: 683: 680: 674: 673: 670: 660: 659: 646: 645: 630: 624: 623: 616: 610: 609: 573: 572: 569: 568: 556: 550: 549: 542: 536: 535: 531: 530: 527: 526: 516:Main article: 505: 502: 500: 497: 427: 424: 341: 338: 249: 248: 245: 241: 240: 237: 233: 232: 227: 221: 220: 217: 216: 212: 211: 205: 204: 198: 197: 191: 190: 186: 185: 181: 180: 176: 175: 167: 166: 157: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 134: 132: 128: 127: 119: 115: 114: 105: 101: 100: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3481: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3383:Lê Thuần Tông 3381: 3379: 3378:Lê Duy Phường 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3358:Lê Huyền Tông 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3328:Lê Trung Tông 3326: 3324: 3323:Lê Trang Tông 3321: 3319: 3318:Lê Cung Hoàng 3316: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3300: 3299:Lê Chiêu Tông 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3269:Lê Thánh Tông 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3184: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3151: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3100: 3094: 3091:. 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2423: 2417:, p. 65. 2416: 2415:Baldanza 2016 2411: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2389: 2388:Anderson 2020 2384: 2378: 2377:0-85229-339-9 2374: 2370: 2365: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2343: 2338: 2336: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2262: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2239: 2234: 2227: 2226:Anderson 2020 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2193:Anderson 2020 2189: 2183:, p. 98. 2182: 2181:Anderson 2020 2177: 2170: 2165: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2143: 2138: 2130: 2124: 2120: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2072: 2069: 2058: 2055: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2030: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1830: 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1153: 1150: 1143: 1142: 1136: 1131: 1124:Pushing north 1121: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1051: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 993: 989: 985: 974: 969: 967: 962: 960: 955: 954: 952: 951: 943: 941: 938: 937: 933: 931: 928: 927: 923: 921: 918: 917: 913: 911: 910:Lê Thuần Tông 908: 907: 903: 901: 900:Lê Duy Phường 898: 897: 893: 891: 888: 887: 883: 881: 878: 877: 873: 871: 868: 867: 863: 861: 860:Lê Huyền Tông 858: 857: 853: 851:(second time) 850: 847: 846: 842: 840: 837: 836: 832: 829: 826: 825: 821: 819: 816: 815: 811: 809: 806: 805: 801: 799: 796: 795: 791: 789: 788:Lê Trung Tông 786: 785: 781: 779: 778:Lê Trang Tông 776: 775: 771: 769: 768:Lê Cung Hoàng 766: 765: 761: 759: 758:Lê Chiêu Tông 756: 755: 751: 749: 746: 745: 741: 739: 736: 735: 731: 729: 726: 725: 721: 719: 716: 715: 711: 709: 708:Lê Thánh Tông 706: 705: 701: 699: 696: 695: 691: 689: 686: 685: 681: 679: 676: 675: 671: 669: 666: 665: 662: 661: 658: 655: 652: 651: 642: 639: 636: 631: 629: 625: 617: 615: 611: 606: 603: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 570: 565: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 541: 537: 532: 528: 523: 519: 510: 496: 494: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 445: 441: 437: 433: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 400: 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 368:Trần Duệ Tông 365: 361: 357: 351: 347: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 282: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 246: 242: 238: 234: 231: 228: 226: 222: 213: 210: 206: 199: 196: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 168: 165: 161: 158: 156: 152: 146: 142: 138: 133: 129: 125: 120: 116: 112: 106: 102: 98: 95: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 74: 70: 67: 63: 59: 58: 52: 47: 41: 36: 33: 32: 27: 20: 3419:1380s births 3393:Lê Hiển Tông 3353:Lê Chân Tông 3348:Lê Thần Tông 3343:Lê Kính Tông 3310: 3303: 3294:Lê Quang Trị 3289:Lê Tương Dực 3274:Lê Hiến Tông 3259:Lê Nhân Tông 3254:Lê Thái Tông 3248: 3198:Lê Thái Tông 3188: 3147: 3135: 3115: 3088: 3069: 3060: 3041: 3018: 2995: 2986: 2961: 2957: 2938: 2919: 2900: 2881: 2858: 2840: 2822: 2804: 2786: 2777: 2769:Bibliography 2748: 2743: 2723: 2718: 2711:Vickers 2010 2706: 2684:Kiernan 2019 2679: 2652: 2643: 2631: 2619: 2612:Kiernan 2019 2592: 2580: 2568: 2556: 2529: 2517: 2505: 2498:Kiernan 2019 2434: 2422: 2410: 2383: 2368: 2364: 2327:Kiernan 2019 2273: 2233: 2205:Kiernan 2019 2200: 2188: 2176: 2164: 2157:Kiernan 2019 2142:Kiernan 2019 2137: 2123: 2104: 1818:Nguyễn Quách 1646: 1645: 1637: 1625: 1618: 1617: 1609: 1605: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1571: 1526:Water puppet 1492: 1488: 1483: 1468: 1464: 1461:Lê Thái Tông 1457: 1453: 1441: 1413: 1396: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1323: 1289: 1281: 1278: 1258: 1235: 1205: 1198: 1194: 1165:Lưu Nhân Chú 1154: 1146: 1139: 1119: 1096: 1084:Nguyễn Chích 1080: 1057: 1040: 1024: 997: 930:Lê Hiển Tông 849:Lê Thần Tông 839:Lê Chân Tông 830:(first time) 828:Lê Thần Tông 818:Lê Kính Tông 748:Lê Tương Dực 718:Lê Hiến Tông 688:Lê Nhân Tông 678:Lê Thái Tông 579:Ming Chinese 576: 492: 466:(modern-day 457: 429: 392: 380:Ming dynasty 360:Chế Bồng Nga 356:Trần dynasty 353: 326:Ming dynasty 305: 301: 280: 279: 274: 266: 262: 215:Thái Tổ (太祖) 164:Lê Thái Tông 94:Lê Thái Tông 83: 54: 29: 3424:1433 deaths 3363:Lê Gia Tông 3338:Lê Thế Tông 3333:Lê Anh Tông 3279:Lê Túc Tông 3264:Lê Nghi Dân 2736:Quang Trung 2549:Taylor 2013 2481:Taylor 2013 2460:Taylor 2013 2310:Taylor 2013 2131:. worldcat. 1574:King Arthur 1445:Nguyễn Trãi 1421:investiture 1333:Thuận-Thiên 1297:Ben Kiernan 1269:Tuyên Quang 1267:, Quy Hoa, 1221:Xương Giang 1115:Nguyễn Trãi 1012:auxiliaries 994:(1407–1427) 870:Lê Gia Tông 808:Lê Thế Tông 798:Lê Anh Tông 728:Lê Túc Tông 698:Lê Nghi Dân 608:Temple name 486:noted that 346:Ming–Hồ War 298:temple name 285:Vietnamese: 209:Temple name 179:Lê Lợi (黎利) 135:Vĩnh Tomb, 80:Predecessor 3413:Categories 3373:Lê Dụ Tông 3368:Lê Hy Tông 3312:Thiên Hiến 3249:Lê Thái Tổ 3192:1428–1433 3183:Hồ dynasty 3155:Lê Thái Tổ 2730:, Lê Lợi, 2427:Simms 1999 1427:under the 1330:reign name 1261:Lạng Giang 1201:trebuchets 1103:Quảng Bình 1076:Zhu Zhanji 1060:Zhu Gaozhi 890:Lê Dụ Tông 880:Lê Hy Tông 668:Lê Thái Tổ 654:Lê dynasty 620:Lê Thái Tổ 540:Vietnamese 484:Yang Shiqi 444:Vietnamese 426:Early life 408:Lạng Giang 364:Thăng Long 340:Background 310:Vietnamese 302:Lê Thái Tổ 271:given name 230:Lê dynasty 126:, Đại Việt 109:Lam Sơn , 57:Lê dynasty 22:Lê Thái Tổ 3388:Lê Ý Tông 3284:Lê Uy Mục 3044:. Wiley. 2978:158733115 2728:Ngô Quyền 2672:Toda 1882 2624:Tsai 1996 2597:Wang 1998 2403:Chan 2008 2357:Tsai 2011 2342:Tsai 2011 2238:Tsai 2011 2169:Reid 2015 1578:Excalibur 1542:Thanh Hóa 1449:Trịnh Khả 1435:'s king, 1273:Liu Sheng 1265:Bắc Giang 1238:Liu Sheng 1225:Bắc Giang 1190:Wang Tong 1173:Nguyễn Xí 1163:, Đỗ Bí, 1157:Trịnh Khả 1107:Quảng Trị 1028:Chu River 944:1786–1789 940:Lê Mẫn Đế 934:1740–1786 924:1735–1740 920:Lê Ý Tông 914:1732–1735 904:1729–1732 894:1705–1729 884:1676–1705 874:1674–1675 864:1663–1671 854:1649–1662 843:1643–1649 833:1619–1643 822:1600–1619 812:1573–1599 802:1556–1573 792:1548–1556 782:1533–1548 772:1522–1527 762:1516–1522 752:1509–1516 742:1505–1509 738:Lê Uy Mục 722:1498–1504 712:1460–1497 702:1459–1460 692:1443–1459 682:1434–1442 672:1428–1433 587:Thanh Hóa 440:Lê Khoáng 416:Ninh Kiều 414:, Hanoi, 376:Hồ Quý Ly 334:Ming rule 322:conquered 239:Lê Khoáng 124:Đông Kinh 111:Thanh Hóa 90:Successor 2732:Hưng Đạo 2573:Sun 2006 2561:Sun 2006 2534:Sun 2006 2522:Sun 2006 2026:See also 1657:Ancestry 1647:In anime 1465:Thái Tổ. 1326:Đại Việt 1284:Trần Cảo 1254:Zheng He 1242:Mu Sheng 1213:Chí Linh 1209:Nam Định 1186:Trần Cảo 1177:Dongguan 1161:Lý Triện 1149:Zhang Fu 1092:Cả River 1068:Zheng He 1043:Lan Xang 1036:Mã River 1004:firearms 657:monarchs 593:and the 488:Zhang Fu 464:Lạng Sơn 420:Lạng Sơn 395:colonial 388:Mu Sheng 384:Zhang Fu 332:against 318:Đại Việt 253:In this 160:Lê Tư Tề 113:province 66:Đại Việt 55:King of 3305:Đại Đức 2585:Li 2011 2116:Sources 1711:Lê Đinh 1597:Kim Quy 1369:Whilst 1250:Guangxi 1217:Phả Lại 1215:, near 1088:Nghệ An 1072:voyages 1020:eunuchs 628:Hán-Nôm 554:Hán-Nôm 432:Lam Sơn 412:Nghệ An 330:rose up 324:by the 294:chữ Hán 259:surname 225:Dynasty 144:Spouses 137:Lam Sơn 3123: 3117:(1920) 3095: 3076: 3048: 3029: 3006: 2976: 2945: 2926: 2907: 2888: 2869: 2847: 2829: 2811: 2793: 2755: 2734:, and 2375: 2369:Le Loi 1433:Champa 1246:Yunnan 1169:Bùi Bị 1111:Tây Đô 1064:Zhu Di 1048:silver 1032:Li Bin 595:Nguyễn 546:Lê Lợi 525:Lê Lợi 480:Yongle 476:eunuch 372:Vijaya 281:Lê Lợi 257:, the 244:Mother 236:Father 131:Burial 2974:S2CID 2096:Notes 1511:Hanoi 1425:Korea 1402:Reign 1352:Triệu 591:Trịnh 453:Hmong 449:Mường 174:Names 155:Issue 72:Reign 3121:ISBN 3093:ISBN 3074:ISBN 3046:ISBN 3027:ISBN 3004:ISBN 2943:ISBN 2924:ISBN 2905:ISBN 2886:ISBN 2867:ISBN 2845:ISBN 2827:ISBN 2809:ISBN 2791:ISBN 2753:ISBN 2373:ISBN 1383:Yuan 1381:and 1379:Song 1375:Tang 1364:Trần 1362:and 1356:Đinh 1248:and 1240:and 1181:Vinh 732:1504 599:Trần 386:and 348:and 118:Died 104:Born 62:King 2966:doi 1509:in 1443:as 1371:Han 1070:'s 583:Tết 300:as 275:Lợi 261:is 64:of 24:黎太祖 3415:: 3025:. 3021:. 3002:. 2998:. 2972:. 2962:63 2960:. 2865:. 2861:. 2738:." 2691:^ 2664:^ 2604:^ 2541:^ 2488:^ 2467:^ 2446:^ 2395:^ 2349:^ 2334:^ 2317:^ 2282:^ 2272:. 2260:^ 2245:^ 2212:^ 2149:^ 1377:, 1373:, 1360:Lý 1358:, 1354:, 1263:, 1167:, 1159:, 1113:. 1038:. 470:, 451:, 434:, 418:, 410:, 292:, 273:, 267:Le 263:Lê 3229:e 3222:t 3215:v 3129:. 3101:. 3082:. 3054:. 3035:. 3012:. 2980:. 2968:: 2951:. 2932:. 2913:. 2894:. 2875:. 2761:. 972:e 965:t 958:v 641:祖 638:太 635:黎 564:利 561:黎 283:( 277:.

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Index