Taekwondo - Knowledge

2631:(delivering a strike using the closed fist), and pushes. In some smaller tournaments, and in the past, points were awarded by three corner judges using electronic scoring tallies. All major national and international tournaments have moved fully (as of 2017) to electronic scoring, including the use of electronic headgear. This limits corner judges to scoring only technical points and punches. Some believe that the new electronic scoring system reduces controversy concerning judging decisions, but this technology is still not universally accepted. In particular, the move to electronic headgear has replaced controversy over judging with controversy over how the technology has changed the sport. Because the headgear is not able to determine if a kick was a correct taekwondo technique, and the pressure threshold for sensor activation for headgear is kept low for safety reasons, athletes who improvised ways of placing their foot on their opponents head were able to score points, regardless of how true to taekwondo those techniques were. 308: 801: 652: 2615:

octagon of similar size. Competitors are matched within gender and weight division—eight divisions for World Championships that are condensed to four for the Olympics. A win can occur by points, or if one competitor is unable to continue (knockout). However, there are several decisions that can lead to a win, as well, including superiority, withdrawal, disqualification, or even a referee's punitive declaration. Each match consists of three two-minute rounds, with one minute rest between rounds, though these are often abbreviated or shortened for some junior and regional tournaments. Competitors must wear a

1276: 1307: 1836: 9048: 2707: 2026: 5324: 419: 8991: 5310: 3403: 1284: 9001: 184: 2599: 1248:. While the Kukkiwon focus on the martial art and self-defence aspects of Kukki-Taekwondo, the WT promoted the sportive side, and its competitions employ a subset of the techniqes present in the Kukkiwon-style Taekwondo. For this reason, Kukkiwon-style Taekwondo is often referred to as WT-style Taekwondo, sport-style Taekwondo, or Olympic-style Taekwondo, though in reality the style is defined by the Kukkiwon, not the WT. 82: 2563: 1946: 2240: 1933: 123: 2688:

match. If there is no score in the additional round, the winner is decided by superiority, as determined by the refereeing officials or number of fouls committed during that round. If a competitor has a 20-point lead at the end of the second round or achieves a 20-point lead at any point in the third round, then the match is over and that competitor is declared the winner.

1827:, Rhee adopted ITF-style Taekwondo within his chain of schools, but like the GTF later departed from the ITF due to the political controversies surrounding Choi and the ITF. Rhee went on to develop his own style of taekwondo called Jhoon Rhee-style Taekwondo, incorporating elements of both traditional and ITF-style Taekwondo as well as original elements. 1718:(GTF) split from the ITF due to the political controversies surrounding the ITF; the GTF continues to practice ITF-style Taekwondo, however, with additional elements incorporated into the style. Likewise, the ITF itself split in 2001 and again in 2002 into three separate federations, headquartered in Austria, the United Kingdom, and Spain respectively. 5628: 1420:): sparring includes variations such as freestyle sparring (in which competitors spar without interruption for several minutes); seven-, three-, two-, and one-step sparring (in which students practice pre-arranged sparring combinations); and point sparring (in which sparring is interrupted and then resumed after each point is scored) 2755:(although they are required to wear approved foot and hand protection equipment, as well as optional head guards). This scoring system varies between individual organisations within the ITF; for example, in the TAGB, punches to the head or body score 1 point, kicks to the body score 2 points, and kicks to the head score 3 points. 6003:"General Choi, utilizing both his advanced education and Calligraphy skills that involved extensive knowledge of Chinese characters and language, searched for and later conceived of the new term Tae Kwon Do. This label more accurately reflected the shifting emphasis on the use of the legs for kicking" 1923:

Teukgong Moosool is a combat system developed in South Korea by the special forces units that is projected to stop the opponent as quickly as possible, although it was also used in sports competition. It is a hybrid style that mixes Taekwondo, Judo, Hapkido, Sanda (and other Chinese wushu styles) and

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conserving the body's energy. He expanded on this principle with his advocacy of the "sine wave" technique. This involves raising one's centre of gravity between techniques, then lowering it as the technique is performed, producing the up-and-down movement from which the term "sine wave" is derived.

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Choi also advocated a "relax/strike" principle for taekwondo; in other words, between blocks, kicks, and strikes the practitioner should relax the body, then tense the muscles only while performing the technique. It is believed that the relax/strike principle increases the power of the technique, by

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as well as Chinese martial arts. For example, Choi observed that the kinetic energy of a strike increases quadratically with the speed of the strike, but increases only linearly with the mass of the striking object. In other words, speed is more important than size in terms of generating power. This

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A continuous point system is utilized in ITF competition, where the fighters are allowed to continue after scoring a technique. Excessive contact is generally not allowed according to the official ruleset, and judges penalize any competitor with disqualification if they injure their opponent and he

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At the end of three rounds, the competitor with most points wins the match. In the event of a tie, a fourth "sudden death" overtime round, sometimes called a "Golden Point", is held to determine the winner after a one-minute rest period. In this round, the first competitor to score a point wins the

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The World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) also refers to the commandments of the Hwarang in the articulation of its taekwondo philosophy. Like the ITF philosophy, it centers on the development of a peaceful society as one of the overarching goals for the practice of taekwondo. The WT's stated philosophy

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Han Mu Do is a martial art developed by Koream practitioner Dr. Young Kimm, who founded the World Hanmudo Association to assure the preservation of his style. Its ideals are mostly based on the Han philosophy, mainly about the mind balance of the practitioner. Young Kimm studied Taekwondo, Tang Soo

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Hup Kwon Do is a hybrid style of Taekwondo created by a Malayan martial artist called Grandmaster Lee in 1989. He opened his first school in Penang, and originally developed this system as a self-defense technique, mixing Taekwondo with a multitude of other martial arts, such as Kendo, Bokken, Wado

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Discussions around the historical influences of Taekwondo have been controversial, with two main schools of thought: traditionalism and revisionism. Traditionalism holds that the origins of Taekwondo are indigenous while revisionism, the prevailing theory, argues that Taekwondo is rooted in karate.

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Han Moo Doo is a hybrid martial art created by Korean practitioner Yoon Sung Hwang in 1989, in Kahauva, Finland. Like other variations of Taekwondo, it first started out as a method of self-defense before spreading across Northern countries such as Sweden, Norway and Denmark. It combines Taekwondo

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The President was amazed and asked General Choi what the new martial art is called. President Rhee was a nationalist, hated the Japanese and would not approve the soldiers practicing Japanese martial arts such as Tang Soo Do or Korean Karate. Someone said to the President that it was Tang Soo Do.

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or forms, although this is not an Olympic event. Single competitors perform a designated pattern of movements, and are assessed by judges for accuracy (accuracy of movements, balance, precision of details) and presentation (speed and power, rhythm, energy), both of which receive numerical scores,

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Under World Taekwondo (WT, formerly WTF) and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event, employing a continuous scoring system where the fighters are allowed to continue after scoring each technique, taking place between two competitors in either an area measuring 8 meters square or an

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Extreme Taekwondo is a hybrid style created in 2008, by Taekwondo practitioner Shin-Min Cheol, who also founded Mirime Korea in 2012, a production company that helped spreading his style. His company is based on promoting TKD tournaments, in a style which mixed other martial arts like Karate and

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The referee can give penalties at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an area not recognized as a target, usually the legs or neck. Penalties, called "Gam-jeom" are counted as an addition of one point for the opposing contestant. Following 10 "Gam-jeom" a player is declared the loser by

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Points are awarded for permitted techniques delivered to the legal scoring areas as determined by an electronic scoring system, which assesses the strength and location of the contact. The only techniques allowed are kicks (delivering a strike using an area of the foot below the ankle), punches

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Poomsae are patterns that demonstrate a range of kicking, punching and blocking techniques, kyorugi involves the kind of sparring seen in the Olympics, and gyeokpa is the art of breaking wooden boards. Taekwondo also sometimes involves the use of weapons such as swords and nun-chucks. Taekwondo

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Mass: the principle of bringing as much of the body to bear on a strike as possible; again using the turning kick as an example, the idea would be to rotate the hip as well as the leg during the kick in order to take advantage of the hip's additional mass in terms of providing power to the

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with deductions made for errors. Pair and team competition is also recognized, where two or more competitors perform the same form at the same time. In addition to competition with the traditional forms, there is experimentation with freestyle forms that allow more creativity.

6032:"Interview with Nam Tae-Hi making it clear that Tae Kwon Do came from Korean Karate (also known as "Shotokan Karate," "Tang Soo Do" and "Kong Soo Do"). At a martial arts meeting in 1955, Choi presented a fictional argument connecting Taekwon-Do to Taekkyon, an old martial art" 3414:

may be used as prompts for commands or for counting repetition exercises. Different schools and associations will use different vocabulary, however, and may even refer to entirely different techniques by the same name. As one example, in Kukkiwon/WT-style Taekwondo, the term

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While organisations such as ITF or Kukkiwon define the general style of Taekwondo, individual clubs and schools tend to tailor their Taekwondo practices. Although each Taekwondo club or school is different, a student typically takes part in most or all of the following:

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There are a number of major Taekwondo styles as well as a few niche styles. Most styles are associated with a governing body or federation that defines the style. The major technical differences among taekwondo styles and organizations generally revolve around:

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There are two kinds of competition sparring: point sparring, in which all strikes are light contact and the clock is stopped when a point is scored; and Olympic sparring, where all strikes are full contact and the clock continues when points are scored.

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When sparring, padded equipment is usually worn. In the ITF tradition, typically only the hands and feet are padded. In the Kukkiwon/WT tradition, full-contact sparring is facilitated by the employment of more extensive equipment: padded helmets called

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Taekwondo is characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques. In fact, WT sparring competitions award additional points for strikes that incorporate spinning kicks, kicks to the head, or both.

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as the new national academy for Taekwondo. Kukkiwon now serves many of the functions previously served by the KTA, in terms of defining a government-sponsored unified style of Taekwondo. In 1973 the KTA and Kukkiwon supported the establishment of the

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Reaction Force: the principle that as the striking limb is brought forward, other parts of the body should be brought backwards in order to provide more power to the striking limb. As an example, if the right leg is brought forward in a

1450:): the breaking of boards is used for testing, training, and martial arts demonstrations. Demonstrations often also incorporate bricks, tiles, and blocks of ice or other materials. These techniques can be separated into three types: 2621:, head protector, shin pads, foot socks, forearm guards, hand gloves, a mouthpiece, and a groin cup. Tournaments sanctioned by national governing bodies or the WT, including the Olympics and World Championship, use electronic 6148: 1757:. Among the refinements incorporated into this new sub-style is the "sine wave"; one of Choi Hong-hi's later principles of taekwondo is that the body's centre of gravity should be raised-and-lowered throughout a movement. 1646:. They used a number of different names such as Tang Soo Do (Chinese Hand Way), Kong Soo Do (Empty Hand Way) and Tae Soo Do (Foot Hand Way). Traditional Taekwondo is still practised today but generally under names like 1209:. As a response to this, along with political disagreements about teaching taekwondo in North Korea and unifying the whole Korean Peninsula, Choi broke with the (South Korea) KTA in 1966, in order to establish the 6873: 2507:

The emphasis on speed and agility is a defining characteristic of taekwondo and has its origins in analyses undertaken by Choi Hong-hi. The results of that analysis are known by ITF practitioners as Choi's

1879:, but the style itself is defined by the Kukkiwon, not by the WT, and the WT competition ruleset itself only allows the use of a very small number of the total number of techniques included in the style. 2489:

is that this goal can be furthered by adoption of the Hwarang spirit, by behaving rationally ("education in accordance with the reason of heaven"), and by recognition of the philosophies embodied in the

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Some ITF schools adopt the sine wave style, while others do not. Essentially all ITF schools do, however, use the patterns (tul) defined in the Encyclopedia, with some exceptions related to the forms

7014: 2627:, electronic foot socks, and electronic head protectors to register and determine scoring techniques, with human judges used to assess and score technical (spinning) techniques and score punches. 6932: 7208: 2499:(understanding change in the world as the interactions of the heavens, the Earth, and Man). The philosophical position articulated by the Kukkiwon is likewise based on the Hwarang tradition. 6963: 1664:

as a common term for their martial arts. As part of the unification process, The Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed through a collaborative effort by representatives from all the

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In later years, the Korean government has been a significant supporter of traditionalist views as to divorce Taekwondo from its link to Japan and give Korea a "legitimate cultural past".

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can no longer continue (although these rules vary between ITF organizations). At the end of two minutes (or some other specified time), the competitor with more scoring techniques wins.

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Initially, the South Korean president gave Choi's ITF limited support, due to their personal relationship. However, Choi and the government later split on the issue of whether to accept

6234: 2030: 1781:, a former Taekwondo instructor in the South Korean military, relocated to Omaha, Nebraska and established a chain of martial arts schools in the United States under the banner of the 7149: 6156: 1746:

The style of taekwondo practised by the ITF before its 1973 split with the KTA is sometimes called by ITF practitioners "Traditional Taekwondo", though a more accurate term would be

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Korean Kickboxing and it follows the Yin-Yang and five elements philosophy. Its origins date back to the 1960s–70s, but it was only introduced in special forces training in 1979.

6058:"Nam and General Choi faced a dilemma as they could not teach the Koreans Karate and call it Taekkyeon. They needed a new name urgently but the President liked the name Taekkyon" 2781:'s inter-university competitions, which have included separate WT rules sparring, ITF rules sparring, Kukkiwon patterns and Chang-Hon patterns events run in parallel since 1992. 1692:

that joined the unification is that of the Kukkiwon, with the notable exception of half the Oh Do Kwan which joined the ITF instead and therefore uses the Chan Hon curriculum.

5595: 1228:. After his retirement, the ITF split in 2001 and then again in 2002 to create three separate ITF federations, each of which continues to operate today under the same name. 7091: 1906:

with other Korean martial arts like Hapkido and Hoi Jeon Moo Sool. It mixes striking and grappling techniques, and some schools also incorporate weapons training into it.

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Though weapons training is not a formal part of most taekwondo federation curriculum, individual schools will often incorporate additional training with weapons such as

6884: 827:("the art or way"). In addition to its five tenets of courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control and indomitable spirit, the sport requires three physical skills: 6754: 2650:

scores 1 point. The punch must be a straight punch with arm extended; jabs, hooks, uppercuts, etc. are permitted but do not score. Punches to the head are not allowed.

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influence on the martial art. In 1972, South Korea withdrew its support for the ITF. The ITF continued to function as an independent federation, then headquartered in

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Concentration: the principle of bringing as many muscles as possible to bear on a strike, concentrating the area of impact into as small an area as possible.

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Different styles of Taekwondo adopt different philosophical underpinnings. Many of these underpinnings however refer back to the Five Commandments of the

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Speed: as previously noted, the speed of execution of a technique in taekwondo is deemed to be even more important than mass in terms of providing power.

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also function as a channel for the issuing of Kukkiwon dan and poom certification (black belt ranks) for their members. The official curriculum of those

1173:. During this time taekwondo was also adopted for use by the South Korean military, which increased its popularity among civilian martial arts schools. 6940: 2762:

Fouls in ITF sparring include: attacking a fallen opponent, leg sweeping, holding/grabbing, or intentional attack to a target other than the opponent.

2062:), which represents belt color. A belt color may have a stripe in it. Ranks typically count down from higher numbers to lower ones. For senior ranks (" 1800:(WTTU) to promote the practice of Songahm Taekwondo internationally. In 2015, all the spin-offs were reunited under the umbrella of ATA International. 7204: 1255:

and karate), and one of six total (the others being the previously mentioned, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, and boxing) included in the

6035: 5959:'No, it's T'aekkyon' the President countered. The president later instructed General Choi to teach the T'aekkyon martial art to more Korean soldiers. 1855:

the Kukkiwon became the new national academy for Taekwondo, thereby establishing a new "unified" style of Taekwondo. In 1973 the KTA established the

1625:, depending on the style); these are sets of prescribed formal sequences of movements that demonstrate mastery of posture, positioning, and technique 6955: 9037: 6068: 5950: 5851: 7243: 7224: 6686: 6226: 5729: 1785:(ATA). Like Jhoon Rhee Taekwondo, ATA Taekwondo has its roots in traditional taekwondo. The style of Taekwondo practised by the ATA is called 7274: 2640:), permitted but non-scoring techniques (such as a kick that strikes an arm), and not-permitted techniques (such as a kick below the waist). 7153: 6987: 5569: 9437: 2677:

As of October 2010, 4 points were awarded if a turning kick was used to execute this attack. As of June 2018, this was changed to 5 points.

1167:). The name was also the closest to the pronunciation of "taekkyon", The new name was initially slow to catch on among the leaders of the 2234: 7183: 2225:

are considered Grandmasters. Kukkiwon-issued ranks also hold an age requirement, with grandmaster ranks requiring an age of over forty.

6433: 2200:), are not yet allowed to issue ranks, and are generally thought of as still having much to learn. Instructors who hold a 4th. to 6th. 1867:

recognized the WT and Taekwondo sparring in 1980. For this reason, the Kukkiwon-defined style of Taekwondo is sometimes referred to as

5487: 1670:, and the work began on a common curriculum, which eventually resulted in the Kukkiwon and the Kukki Style of Taekwondo. The original 7099: 6463: 5699: 5591: 2352: 2036:

Taekwondo ranks vary from style to style and are not standardized. For junior ranks, ranks are indicated by a number and the term (

536: 5533: 881:, or martial arts schools, in Korea. The main international organizational bodies for Taekwondo today are various branches of the 1852: 1232: 1191:

of the KTA to adopt his own Chan Hon-style of Taekwondo, as a unified style. This was, however, met with resistance as the other

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is a systematic, prearranged sequence of martial techniques that is performed either with or without the use of a weapon.

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After the 1973 split, Choi Hong-hi continued to develop and refine the style, ultimately publishing his work in his 1983

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Breath Control: the idea that during a strike one should exhale, with the exhalation concluding at the moment of impact.

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Competitors are penalized with disqualification if they injure their opponent and he can no longer continue (knockout).

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Speed breaking – boards are held loosely by one edge, putting special focus on the speed required to perform the break

1244:(WTF), which later changed its name to "World Taekwondo" (WT) in 2017 due to the previous initialism overlapping with 1203:, to serve as a way to bring on the heritage and characteristics of all of the styles, not just the style of a single 220: 8676: 8530: 8363: 7267: 1797: 1721:

The GTF and all three ITFs practice Choi's ITF-style Taekwondo. In ITF-style Taekwondo, the word used for "forms" is

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that formed KTA continues to exist today, but as independent fraternal membership organizations that support the

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which was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as

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Do, Kuk Sul, Hapkido, Korean Judo and Kum Do, mixing all of their techniques together to create his own style.

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or KTA) was established to facilitate the unification of Korean martial arts. Choi wanted all the other member

1135: 612: 205: 8233: 6903: 8639: 8624: 2815: 1819:, upon graduating from college in Texas, relocated to and established a chain of martial arts schools in the 1259:. It started as a demonstration event at the 1988 games in Seoul, a year after becoming a medal event at the 2251:

Three Korean terms may be used with reference to taekwondo forms or patterns. These forms are equivalent to

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as a historical referent. For example, Choi Hong-hi expressed his philosophical basis for taekwondo as the

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Students must pass tests to advance ranks, and promotions happen at variable rate depending on the school.

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Was an early name of taekwondo before Choi Hong-hi managed to convince the organization to adopt the name

1213:(ITF)— a separate governing body devoted to institutionalizing his Chan Hon-style of taekwondo in Canada. 8703: 8634: 1844: 1715: 1182: 898: 870: 7092:"AAU Taekwondo > Rules/Info > Rules Handbook > 2015 AAU Taekwondo Handbook Divided By Sections" 2586:). In Olympic taekwondo competitions, however, only sparring (using WT competition rules) is performed. 7603: 7176:"Paralympic Sports : Taekwondo｜The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games" 6547: 5565: 2840: 1856: 1263:, and became an official medal event at the 2000 games in Sydney. In 2010, taekwondo was accepted as a 201: 147: 95: 6291: 6057: 5943: 2282:) is the term usually used in Traditional Taekwondo (i.e., 1950s–1960s styles of Korean martial arts). 216: 42: 9442: 8708: 5343: 2339:

Different taekwondo styles and associations (ATA, ITF, GTF, WT, etc.) use different taekwondo forms.

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refers to a long, low, front stance. Korean vocabulary commonly used in taekwondo schools includes:

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began discussing in earnest the possibility of creating a unified Korean martial art. Until then, "

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Kang, Won Sik; Lee, Kyong Myung (1999). A Modern History of Taekwondo. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa.

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In taekwondo schools—even outside Korea—Korean language commands and vocabulary are often used.

2795:(AAU) competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed. 8566: 7501: 5492: 5349: 2792: 1022: 897:(WT, formerly World Taekwondo Federation or WTF), founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the 873:(KTA), formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original 9411: 9339: 9324: 9070: 8657: 8065: 7735: 7718: 7713: 7640: 7596: 7175: 5874:"The Influence of Korean Nationalism on the Formational Process of T'aekwŏndo in South Korea" 2582:; some tournaments also include special events such as demonstration teams and self-defense ( 1145: 998: 981: 626: 427: 8353: 6441: 1739:, culture and religious philosophy. The GTF-variant of ITF practices an additional six tul. 1224:, Canada. Choi continued to develop the ITF-style, notably with the 1983 publication of his 9282: 9210: 9161: 8535: 8373: 8305: 7850: 7845: 7740: 7703: 7683: 7675: 7630: 7440: 7309: 6815: 5501: 4973: 4864: 4567: 4417: 4145: 3686: 3443: 1897:

Shimpo, Kickboxing and Karate. It is mainly governed by the World Hupkwondo Council (WHC).

1529: 1245: 1066:) was also used to describe a unified style Korean martial arts. This name consists of the 985: 863: 391: 313: 63: 8262: 1275: 1109: 600: 578: 8: 9334: 9230: 9225: 9166: 9080: 8994: 8958: 8866: 8653: 8419: 8285: 8275: 8070: 8060: 8025: 7990: 7755: 7725: 7693: 7542: 7478: 7430: 7283: 6533: 5689: 5382: 5329: 2737:

2 points for Jumping kick to the body or kick to the head, or a jumping punch to the head

2517: 1703:(ITF)-style Taekwondo, more accurately known as Chang Hon-style Taekwondo, is defined by 969: 355: 6205:

Martial Arts Instructors Desk Reference: A Complete Guide to Martial Arts Administration

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Techniques are divided into three categories: scoring techniques (such as a kick to the

1640:"Traditional Taekwondo" refers to the 1940s and 1950s martial arts by the nine original 459: 9432: 9102: 8765: 8695: 8442: 8290: 7708: 5915: 5843: 5523: 5354: 2904: 2892: 1519: 1264: 808: 241: 8415: 9407: 9252: 8990: 8556: 8515: 8050: 7862: 7855: 6724: 6610: 6265: 6208: 5922: 5847: 5835: 5794: 5669: 5470: 1453:

Power breaking – using straightforward techniques to break as many boards as possible

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Modern ITF organizations have continued to update and expand upon this philosophy.

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involving punching and kicking techniques. The word Taekwondo can be translated as

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principle was incorporated into the early design of taekwondo and is still used.

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These tenets are further articulated in a taekwondo oath, also authored by Choi:

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Since 2000, Taekwondo has been one of three Asian martial arts (the others being

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In addition to sparring competition, World Taekwondo sanctions competition in

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from the 29th Infantry Division. He misrecognized the technique on display as

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refers to an upright walking stance, while in ITF/Chang Hon-style Taekwondo

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Equilibrium: maintaining a correct centre-of-balance throughout a technique.

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government officially designated Taekwondo as Korea's national martial art.

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Some organizations deliver multi-discipline competitions, for example the

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The competition is not full contact, and excessive contact is not allowed.

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area that practiced Traditional Taekwondo. In the 1970s, at the urging of

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instead wanted a unified style to be created based on inputs from all the

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Light and medium-contact (ITF, ITC, ATKDA, GBTF, GTF, ATA, TI,TCUK, TAGB)

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tul. The names and symbolism of the Chang Hon tul refer to elements of

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are in effect due to the WT and ITF tournament rules and regulations:

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No single creator; a collaborative effort by representatives from the

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ITF World Junior & Senior Tournament Rules—Rules and Regulations

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World Taekwondo (WT) directly sanctions the following competitions:

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techniques to attain greater height, distance, or to clear obstacles

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Choi Hong-hi advocated the use of the name "Tae Kwon Do", replacing

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A technical kick (a kick that involves turning or spinning) to the

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A regular kick (no turning or spinning) to the head scores 3 points

2571: 2537:, the right arm is brought backwards to provide the reaction force. 2031:

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City

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Special techniques – breaking fewer boards but by using jumping or

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The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games

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Cook, Doug (2006). "Chapter 3: The Formative Years of Taekwondo".

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List of Taekwondo techniques § Patterns, poomsae, hyung, tul

2212:), and are allowed to grade students to ranks beneath their own. 1556: 1552: 1319: 1221: 991:

Early progenitors of taekwondo—the founders of the nine original

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Relative popularity of Kukkiwon-style Taekwondo around the world

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Traditional Taekwondo: Core Techniques, History and Philosophy

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Within the ITF taekwondo tradition there are two sub-styles:

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The competition area is 9×9 meters for international events.

2328:) is the term usually used in ITF/Chang Hon-style Taekwondo. 1571: 9247: 9215: 8943: 8898: 8823: 8783: 8035: 7995: 7937: 7880: 7808: 6990:(7 October 2010, pp. 31–32). Retrieved on 27 November 2010. 6283: 2605: 2253: 1997:

The school or place where instruction is given is called a

1989: 1863:, WT) to promote the sportive side of Kukki-Taekwondo. The 1385: 1252: 765: 753: 744: 732: 711: 699: 678: 493: 7066:"30 Years of the Student National Taekwondo Championships" 6805: 6623: 723: 687: 5610: 4990: 1851:. Under the sponsorship of the South Korean government's 1687: 1681: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1641: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1168: 1149: 1038: 992: 970: 875: 631: 2765:

ITF competitions also feature performances of patterns,

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In WT/Kukki-Taekwondo, instructors holding 1st. to 3rd.

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Some common taekwondo terminology and parts of the body

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are always worn, as are padded torso protectors called

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The ATA established international spin-offs called the

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Kukkiwon's Guide to Technical Terminology in Taekwondo

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A punch that makes strong contact with the opponent's

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TKD, tae kwon do, tae kwon-do, taekwon-do, tae-kwon-do

5949:. Thesis prepared for 4th dan granting requirements. 5749:

Park, S. W. (1993): About the author. In H. H. Choi:

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Titles can also come with ranks. For example, in the

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General Choi Taekwon-do Association (India) website

1830: 1231:In 1972, the KTA and the South Korean government's 1154:) "fist", the term also used for "martial arts" in 1012: 759: 714: 693: 208:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7024: 6904:"New taekwondo scoring system reduces controversy" 5914: 1628:Differences in the sparring rules for competition. 1181:In 1959, the Korea Tang Soo Do Association (later 6065:Thesis prepared for 4th dan granting requirements 5820:The International Journal of the History of Sport 1176: 997:—who were able to study in Japan were exposed to 9424: 7205:Taekwondo World Qualification Tournament Outline 5917:A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do 5793:. Boston: YMAA Publication Center. p. 19. 2803: 2772: 2653:A regular kick (no turning or spinning) to the 2528:The components of the Theory of Power include: 869:The oldest governing body for Taekwondo is the 9045: 6585: 2674:A technical kick to the head scores 5 points. 2020: 1635: 1055: 9031: 7604: 7268: 4218:Inside-out heel kick or outside crescent kick 2710:Common styles of ITF point sparring equipment 1976:) uniform with a belt tied around the waist. 948: 4231:Outside-in heel kick or inside crescent kick 2478:I shall be a champion of freedom and justice 2450: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2408: 2402: 2387: 2381: 2366: 2360: 2323: 2307: 2301: 2277: 2271: 2180: 2174: 2156: 2150: 2132: 2126: 2108: 2102: 2074: 2043: 2037: 2012: 2006: 1971: 1965: 1620: 1609: 1592: 1510: 1493: 1478: 1472: 1433: 1427: 1409: 1397: 1365: 1347: 1341: 1323: 1122: 1096: 1083: 1070: 1061: 956:Beginning in 1945, shortly after the end of 788: 778: 598: 596: 576: 574: 6112: 6110: 5404: 5388: 2903:Taekwondo is also an optional sport at the 2512:. Choi based his understanding of power on 1958:A Taekwondo practitioner typically wears a 1927: 1577: 110:Learn how and when to remove these messages 23: 9038: 9024: 7611: 7597: 7275: 7261: 6986:World Taekwondo Federation (Oct 7, 2010): 6593:Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence 5762: 5751:Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence 5424: 2472:I shall respect the instructor and seniors 2137:; "instructor"), those holding 7th to 8th 1021:witnessed a martial arts demonstration by 371: 62:"TKD" redirects here. For other uses, see 24: 6799: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5814:Park, Cindy; Kim, Tae Yang (2016-06-12). 3397: 2570:Taekwondo competitions typically involve 1566:Examinations to progress to the next rank 286:Learn how and when to remove this message 268:Learn how and when to remove this message 166:Learn how and when to remove this message 6604: 6146: 6107: 5664:Kang, Won Sik; Lee, Kyong Myung (1999). 5290: 3401: 2705: 2597: 2561: 2238: 2029:Exhibition of taekwondo students at the 2024: 1944: 1931: 1834: 1305: 1282: 1274: 922:The governing body for Taekwondo in the 843:practitioners wear a uniform known as a 32:This is an accepted version of this page 8603: 7282: 6953: 6787:from the original on September 28, 2014 6667:from the original on September 11, 2014 6264:. International Taekwon-Do Federation. 6255: 6253: 6251: 5956:from the original on December 1, 2017. 5813: 5192:...also Sparring (Chang Hon/ITF-style) 2798: 2469:I shall observe the tenets of taekwondo 1853:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism 1233:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism 14: 9425: 7186:from the original on 14 September 2018 6988:Competition rules & interpretation 6757:from the original on September 3, 2014 6128:from the original on September 3, 2014 6074:from the original on December 1, 2017. 5912: 5895: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 2784: 2734:1 point for Punch to the body or head. 2194:are considered assistant instructors ( 9019: 8602: 7663: 7592: 7256: 7020:from the original on October 2, 2017. 6998: 6996: 6901: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6294:from the original on October 23, 2020 5367: 3923:Ridge hand (lit. reverse hand blade) 2812:World Taekwondo Poomsae Championships 2740:3 points for Jumping kick to the head 2722:Hand attacks to the head are allowed. 1918: 1658:was agreed upon by the nine original 1310:A young red/black-belt performs Koryo 1301: 902: 794: 645: 143:Page numbers for some sources needed. 6862:from the original on August 9, 2017. 6814:. WorldTaekwondo.org. Archived from 6629: 6259: 6248: 5788: 5756: 5743: 2863: 2830:World Taekwondo Junior Championships 2779:British Student Taekwondo Federation 1882: 1492:Throwing and/or falling techniques ( 1382:): these serve the same function as 889:in 1966, and the partnership of the 206:adding citations to reliable sources 177: 116: 75: 9438:Games and sports introduced in 1955 6806:World Taekwondo Federation (2004). 6324:from the original on August 7, 2012 6202: 6196: 5702:from the original on 15 August 2022 5642: 5572:from the original on 9 January 2017 5536:from the original on 21 August 2017 2910: 2848:World Taekwondo Beach Championships 2826:World Taekwondo Cadet Championships 2716:International Taekwon-Do Federation 2702:International Taekwon-Do Federation 2481:I shall build a more peaceful world 2243:A demonstration at Kuopio-halli in 2228: 2206:are considered master instructors ( 2161:; "master"), and those holding 9th 2087:International Taekwon-Do Federation 1701:International Taekwon-Do Federation 1696:1966: ITF/Chang Hon-style Taekwondo 1211:International Taekwon-Do Federation 883:International Taekwon-Do Federation 56: 7664: 6993: 6829: 5995: 5935: 5871: 2837:World Taekwondo Para Championships 2834:World Taekwondo Team Championships 2821:World Para Taekwondo Championships 2593: 2502: 944:Korean martial arts § History 57: 9474: 8531:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program 7234: 7121:"Main—World Taekwondo Federation" 5598:from the original on 1 March 2019 4433:Seogi (stance) or Jase (posture) 2868:These feature WT Taekwondo only: 2859:(debut in 2020 Tokyo Paralympics) 2610:), forearm guards and shin guards 2215:Rules of Taekwondo Promotion Test 2089:, instructors holding 1st to 3rd 1804:1970s: Jhoon Rhee-style Taekwondo 1798:World Traditional Taekwondo Union 1773:1969: ATA/Songahm-style Taekwondo 91:This article has multiple issues. 9046: 8999: 8989: 8496:Historical European martial arts 7618: 7072:from the original on 2 June 2018 6902:Gomez, Brian (August 23, 2009). 6641:from the original on 3 July 2017 5973:テコンドーの歴史も2千年？空手の親？消された創始者（1/3） 5322: 5308: 2079:or "degree" and counts upwards. 2066:" ranks), each rank is called a 1831:1972: Kukki-style / WT-Taekwondo 1591:practiced by each style (called 1017:In 1952, South Korean president 1013:Attempt to standardise Taekwondo 668: 417: 306: 182: 121: 80: 9000: 7218: 7198: 7168: 7142: 7131:from the original on 2014-09-03 7113: 7084: 7058: 7049: 6966:from the original on 2017-10-02 6947: 6925: 6895: 6866: 6769: 6739: 6709: 6679: 6653: 6598: 6571: 6554: 6540: 6526: 6512: 6498: 6484: 6470: 6456: 6426: 6396: 6366: 6336: 6306: 6276: 6237:from the original on 2021-01-20 6227:"Different styles of Taekwondo" 6171: 6140: 6096:from the original on 2019-10-02 6078: 6049: 6038:from the original on 2019-07-01 6024: 6013:from the original on 2019-06-05 5984:from the original on 2022-06-20 5964: 5884:from the original on 2020-10-25 5865: 5854:from the original on 2023-04-03 5807: 5782: 5771:from the original on 2017-07-09 5732:from the original on 2019-06-20 5714: 5631:from the original on 2011-08-15 5420:YMCA Kwon Bop Bu/Chang Moo Kwan 5297:List of Taekwondo practitioners 2684:referee's punitive declaration 2557: 1865:International Olympic Committee 405:) (demonstration sport in 1988) 193:needs additional citations for 99:or discuss these issues on the 6881:martialartsweaponstraining.com 6147:Williams, Bob (23 June 2010). 6055: 5944:"Taekwon-do: A Broken Family?" 5941: 5682: 5584: 5548: 5516: 5480: 5463: 2475:I shall never misuse taekwondo 2451: 2445: 2430: 2424: 2409: 2403: 2388: 2382: 2367: 2361: 2324: 2308: 2302: 2278: 2272: 2181: 2175: 2157: 2151: 2133: 2127: 2109: 2103: 2044: 2038: 2013: 2007: 1972: 1966: 1891: 1783:American Taekwondo Association 1621: 1610: 1593: 1543:A focus on mental and ethical 1511: 1494: 1479: 1473: 1434: 1428: 1410: 1398: 1366: 1348: 1342: 1324: 1177:Development of multiple styles 1051:pronunciation of the Japanese 1001:, including karate, judo, and 789: 779: 597: 575: 13: 1: 5832:10.1080/09523367.2016.1233867 5666:A Modern History of Taekwondo 5456: 2816:World Taekwondo Championships 2602:Official WT trunk protector ( 2566:Sparring in a taekwondo class 2342: 1900: 1526:workout, including stretching 885:(ITF), originally founded by 69:For the 1994 video game, see 6721:Worldtaekwondofederation.net 6579:"Teuk Gong Moo Sool Germany" 6438:Worldtaekwondofederation.net 5722:"Korea: Korean Martial Arts" 5621:"Brief History of Taekwondo" 5561:Cambridge English Dictionary 5179:Sparring (Kukkiwon/WT-style) 4508:...also Horse-riding Stance 3896:Spear hand (lit. fingertip) 2804:World Taekwondo competitions 2773:Multi-discipline competition 2749:Competitors do not wear the 1909: 1794:Songahm Taekwondo Federation 1293:List of Taekwondo techniques 7: 9458:Sports originating in Korea 5980:(in Japanese). 2021-07-23. 5668:. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa. 5301: 4991: 4544:Gyocha lib seogi (or jase) 4494:...also Horse-riding Stance 4368:Dwi dollyeo hulyeogi chagi 2751: 2693: 2667: 2655: 2646: 2636: 2623: 2617: 2604: 2491: 2457: 2436: 2415: 2394: 2373: 2292: 2286: 2221: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2169: 2163: 2145: 2139: 2121: 2115: 2097: 2091: 2069: 2050: 2021:Ranks, belts, and promotion 1999: 1988: 1982: 1960: 1845:Korea Taekwondo Association 1716:Global Taekwondo Federation 1688: 1682: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1642: 1636:1946: Traditional Taekwondo 1616: 1605: 1599: 1506: 1500: 1485: 1446: 1440: 1416: 1404: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1360: 1354: 1336: 1330: 1287:A jumping reverse hook kick 1270: 1205: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1183:Korea Taekwondo Association 1169: 1163: 1150: 1140: 1130: 1117: 1104: 1091: 1078: 1039: 993: 971: 899:Korea Taekwondo Association 876: 871:Korea Taekwondo Association 845: 632: 618: 141:. The specific problem is: 10: 9479: 7211:February 19, 2018, at the 7125:World Taekwondo Federation 6635:The Tenants Of Tae Kwon Do 6262:Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do 5765:"The History of Taekwondo" 5566:Cambridge University Press 5294: 2845:World Taekwondo Grand Slam 2841:World Taekwondo Grand Prix 2232: 1857:World Taekwondo Federation 1807: 1709:Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do 1290: 1279:Flying twin foot side kick 1242:World Taekwondo Federation 1226:Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do 941: 937: 907:), a type of full-contact 823:("strike with hand"), and 358:, initially supervised by 68: 61: 9453:Mixed martial arts styles 9400: 9350: 9058: 8985: 8922: 8877: 8807: 8762: 8692: 8613: 8609: 8598: 8544: 8476: 8414: 8319: 8261: 8219: 8091: 7976: 7928: 7871: 7754: 7674: 7670: 7659: 7626: 7520: 7477: 7459: 7416: 7338: 7290: 5625:Long Beach Press-Telegram 5344:Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine 4958: 4849: 4552: 4402: 4130: 3671: 3428: 3365: 3343: 3324: 3321: 3289:ITF Female Championships 3288: 3254: 3232: 3213: 3210: 3177: 3160: 3126: 3113: 3100: 3078: 3056: 3046: 2999: 2977: 2924: 2318:(officially romanized as 2219:Those who hold a 7th–9th 2075: 1755:Encyclopedia of Taekwondo 1748:Traditional ITF Taekwondo 1123: 1097: 1084: 1071: 1062: 1060:. The name "Tae Soo Do" ( 1056: 915:since 2000. In 2018, the 796:[t̪ʰɛ.k͈wʌ̹n.d̪o] 647:[t̪ʰɛ.k͈wʌ̹n.d̪o] 639: 625: 611: 599: 589: 577: 567: 562: 542: 529: 516: 508: 503: 489: 479: 469: 455: 450: 439: 425: 416: 397: 378: 366: 350: 342: 328: 320: 312:A taekwondo match at the 305: 6960:sandiegouniontribune.com 5972: 5360: 4530:Sagolib seogi (or jase) 4503:Gimalip seogi (or jase) 4461:Jeongul seogi (or jase) 4270:...also Roundhouse kick 4226:An-eseo bakk-eulo chagi 3572:Turn around / About face 2353:Five Tenets of Taekwondo 1928:Equipment and facilities 1808:Not to be confused with 1631:Martial arts philosophy. 1578:Styles and organizations 39:latest accepted revision 8728:Former official sports 8156:Northern Praying Mantis 7731:Mainland Southeast Asia 5498:Oxford University Press 4205:...also Front snap kick 4192:...also Front snap kick 3178:ITF Male Championships 2731:The scoring system is: 1873:Olympic-style Taekwondo 1563:, and leadership skills 1469:Self-defense techniques 71:Taekwon-Do (video game) 8567:Professional wrestling 8234:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 7502:Sib Pal Gi Association 6937:morethanthegames.co.uk 6404:"The Jhoon Rhee Story" 6318:Itf-administration.com 6260:Choi, Hong Hi (1983). 6179:"WT Competition Rules" 5493:OxfordDictionaries.com 5350:Taekwondo student oath 4475:Hugul seogi (or jase) 4447:Junbi seogi (or jase) 4347:...also Spin Back kick 4295:...also Snap Side kick 3622:Guryeong-e majchwoseo 3407: 3398:Taekwondo Korean terms 2793:Amateur Athletic Union 2711: 2611: 2567: 2248: 2033: 1955: 1942: 1840: 1574:, knives, and sticks. 1536:exercises, as well as 1390:in the study of karate 1311: 1288: 1280: 1246:an internet slang term 819:("strike with foot"), 509:Country or region 9463:Summer Olympic sports 9412:Winter Olympic sports 9340:Greco-Roman wrestling 9052:Summer Olympic sports 8663:Demonstration sports 7032:"itf-information.com" 6892:(24 June 2017, p. 38) 6777:"ITF Theory of Power" 6747:"Kukkiwon Philosophy" 6697:on September 11, 2014 6632:"Grand Master, Ph.D." 6384:on September 28, 2014 6203:Kim, Sang H. (2002). 5913:Gillis, Alex (2008). 5291:Notable practitioners 5137:Studio / School / Gym 4927:Student or Color Belt 4489:Gima seogi (or jase) 4244:Stretching front kick 4239:Baggeso aneuro chagi 3707:Attack / Strike / Hit 3405: 2709: 2601: 2565: 2242: 2028: 1948: 1935: 1869:Sport-style Taekwondo 1838: 1309: 1286: 1278: 1082:"to stomp, trample", 999:Japanese martial arts 949:Emergence of various 372:notable practitioners 9351:Discretionary sports 8923:Martial arts at the 8878:Martial arts at the 8808:Martial arts at the 8763:Martial arts at the 8743:Invitational sports 8693:Martial arts at the 8614:Martial arts at the 8536:Pencak Silat Harimau 8374:Pencak Silat Harimau 8306:Submission wrestling 8011:Luta Livre esportiva 7441:Korean swordsmanship 7310:Hapki Kochido Musool 7225:ITF TOURNAMENT RULES 6962:. Associated Press. 6943:on 26 December 2010. 6591:Choi, H. H. (1993): 6562:"Teuk Gong Moo Sool" 6480:. 23 September 2016. 6414:on February 18, 2015 6314:"ITF United Kingdom" 5270:Sam su sig daelyeon 4974:Revised Romanization 4959:Other/Miscellaneous 4865:Revised Romanization 4588:Backing up / retreat 4568:Revised Romanization 4553:Technique Direction 4418:Revised Romanization 4303:Yeop ppeod-eo chagi 4252:Ap ppeod-eo olli gi 4146:Revised Romanization 4025:Hoengjin gong gyeog 3687:Revised Romanization 3444:Revised Romanization 2799:List of competitions 2443:Indomitable spirit ( 1654:. In 1959, the name 1136:Revised Romanization 986:Chinese martial arts 864:Chinese martial arts 613:Revised Romanization 392:Chinese martial arts 367:Famous practitioners 314:2020 Summer Olympics 202:improve this article 148:improve this article 137:to meet Knowledge's 64:TKD (disambiguation) 9448:Korean martial arts 9335:Freestyle wrestling 9231:Rhythmic gymnastics 9226:Artistic gymnastics 8604:International games 8286:Full contact karate 8276:Professional boxing 7991:Brazilian jiu-jitsu 7543:Kwan (martial arts) 7479:Hybrid martial arts 7431:Korean fighting fan 7284:Korean martial arts 7156:on 15 February 2019 7013:. October 1, 2017. 6855:. October 1, 2017. 6727:on November 3, 2014 6534:"What Is Han Mu Do" 6464:"Extreme Taekwondo" 6444:on October 31, 2014 6354:on January 23, 2020 5383:original nine Kwans 5330:Martial arts portal 5261:Three step sparring 5256:il su sig daelyeon 4779:Jumping / 2nd level 4616:Reverse (hand/foot) 4535:Cross legged stance 4480:Horse-riding Stance 4085:2 finger spear hand 4071:1 finger spear hand 3558:Rest / Take a break 2785:Other organizations 1711:published in 1983. 962:Japanese occupation 428:governing body 413: 356:original nine Kwans 302: 29:Page version status 8766:Pan American Games 8443:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu 8354:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 8291:Mixed martial arts 7246:2015-11-23 at the 6661:"ITF More Culture" 6508:. 12 October 2023. 6183:WorldTaekwondo.org 6159:on 16 October 2010 6118:"Kukkiwon History" 5726:www.koreaorbit.com 5504:on January 9, 2017 5355:Taekwondo in India 5083:Informal thank you 4793:Hopping / Skipping 4774:Bakk-eseo an-eulo 4761:An-eseo bakk-eulo 4602:Sideways/laterally 4386:Reverse round kick 4355:Dwi dollyeo chagi 4213:Ap ppeod-eo chagi 4113:Double hammer fist 3842:Knife hand (edge) 3408: 3300:Adults (18–39 yrs) 3189:Adults (18–39 yrs) 2905:Commonwealth Games 2893:Pan American Games 2712: 2612: 2568: 2249: 2185:; "grandmaster"). 2034: 1956: 1943: 1919:Teuk Gong Moo Sool 1877:WT-style Taekwondo 1841: 1731:. Choi defined 24 1680:and Kukkiwon. The 1312: 1302:Typical curriculum 1289: 1281: 1265:Commonwealth Games 809:Korean martial art 411: 300: 59:Korean martial art 35: 9420: 9419: 9408:Paralympic sports 9253:Modern pentathlon 9081:Marathon Swimming 9013: 9012: 8981: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8594: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8557:Martial arts film 7586: 7585: 6874:"Taekwondo Rules" 6637:. ITA Institute. 6630:S. Benko, James. 6607:Kukkiwon Textbook 6605:Kukkiwon (2005). 6478:"About Hupkwondo" 5800:978-1-59439-066-1 5675:978-89-358-0124-4 5475:978-89-358-0124-4 5288: 5287: 5247:One step sparring 5205:...also Sparring 5042:Moment of silence 5028:Pay respect / bow 4954: 4953: 4885:Master instructor 4871:Founder/President 4845: 4844: 4548: 4547: 4398: 4397: 4321:...also hook kick 4277:Ap dollyeo chagi 4126: 4125: 3828:Knife hand (edge) 3667: 3666: 3518:Resume / Continue 3395: 3394: 3284: 3283: 3173: 3172: 3074: 3073: 2973: 2972: 2864:Other tournaments 2518:Newtonian physics 1883:Extreme Taekwondo 1859:(WTF, now called 1787:Songahm Taekwondo 1146:McCune–Reischauer 1023:South Korean Army 904:[kjʌɾuɡi] 661: 660: 627:McCune–Reischauer 558: 557: 460:Full-contact (WT) 409: 408: 343:Country of origin 296: 295: 288: 278: 277: 270: 252: 176: 175: 168: 139:quality standards 130:This article may 114: 47:22 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 9470: 9443:Culture of Korea 9318:Beach volleyball 9059:Mandatory sports 9050: 9040: 9033: 9026: 9017: 9016: 9003: 9002: 8993: 8611: 8610: 8600: 8599: 7672: 7671: 7661: 7660: 7613: 7606: 7599: 7590: 7589: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7254: 7253: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7152:. 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3185: 3093: 3088: 3080: 2992: 2987: 2979: 2937: 2932: 2913: 2866: 2806: 2801: 2787: 2775: 2704: 2596: 2594:World Taekwondo 2560: 2535:roundhouse kick 2510:Theory of Power 2505: 2503:Theory of power 2345: 2237: 2231: 2213: 2023: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1903: 1894: 1885: 1861:World Taekwondo 1833: 1813: 1810:Rhee Taekwon-Do 1806: 1775: 1698: 1678:World Taekwondo 1638: 1580: 1561:self-confidence 1304: 1295: 1273: 1179: 1110:way, discipline 1015: 968:schools called 954: 946: 940: 932:World Taekwondo 895:World Taekwondo 800: 799: 737: 704: 671: 667: 651: 650: 607: 585: 451:Characteristics 433:World Taekwondo 403:World Taekwondo 316: 292: 281: 280: 279: 274: 263: 257: 254: 211: 209: 199: 187: 172: 161: 155: 152: 145: 126: 122: 85: 81: 74: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9476: 9466: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9414: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9360: 9354: 9352: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9342: 9337: 9327: 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5300: 5295:Main article: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5275:Board Breaking 5272: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5228:Jayu daelyeon 5226: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096:You're welcome 5093: 5092: 5091:Gomabseubnida 5089: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5078:Gamsa habnida 5076: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4881: 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4439: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4381:Mu reup chagi 4379: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360:Spin hook kick 4357: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4265:Dollyeo chagi 4263: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4108:Jang gab gwon 4106: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4080:il ji gwan su 4078: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4043:Mountain block 4040: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3855:Thrust / spear 3852: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3081:Championships 3072: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2980:Championships 2971: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2915:The following 2912: 2909: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2883:European Games 2880: 2875: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2854: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2813: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2786: 2783: 2774: 2771: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2703: 2700: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2672: 2663: 2660: 2651: 2595: 2592: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2504: 2501: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2463: 2462: 2458:baekjeolbulgul 2441: 2422:Self-control ( 2420: 2401:Perseverance ( 2399: 2378: 2344: 2341: 2330: 2329: 2313: 2283: 2233:Main article: 2230: 2227: 2022: 2019: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1832: 1829: 1805: 1802: 1796:(STF) and the 1774: 1771: 1759: 1758: 1751: 1737:Korean history 1697: 1694: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1579: 1576: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1541: 1527: 1516: 1490: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1457: 1454: 1421: 1391: 1303: 1300: 1272: 1269: 1178: 1175: 1014: 1011: 953: 947: 939: 936: 911:, has been an 659: 658: 643: 637: 636: 629: 623: 622: 615: 609: 608: 595: 593: 587: 586: 573: 571: 565: 564: 556: 555: 546: 540: 539: 533: 527: 526: 520: 514: 513: 510: 506: 505: 501: 500: 491: 487: 486: 481: 477: 476: 473: 467: 466: 457: 453: 452: 448: 447: 441: 437: 436: 430: 423: 422: 407: 406: 399: 395: 394: 380: 376: 375: 368: 364: 363: 352: 348: 347: 344: 340: 339: 330: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 311: 294: 293: 276: 275: 190: 188: 181: 174: 173: 129: 127: 120: 115: 89: 88: 86: 79: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9475: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9413: 9409: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9399: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9377:Flag football 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9325:Weightlifting 9323: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9278:Skateboarding 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9180: 9177: 9173: 9172:Track cycling 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9157:Freestyle BMX 9155: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9145: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9041: 9036: 9034: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9021: 9018: 9006: 8998: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8987: 8984: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8921: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8881:African Games 8876: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8806: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8761: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8691: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8612: 8608: 8601: 8597: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8552:Fighting game 8550: 8549: 8547: 8545:Entertainment 8543: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8516:Krabi–krabong 8514: 8512: 8511:Kalaripayattu 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8475: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8301:Shootfighting 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8268:combat sports 8264: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8196:Tien Shan Pai 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8121:Choi Kwang-Do 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7975: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7958:Pushing hands 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7927: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7901:Swordsmanship 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7886:Melee weapons 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7829: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7662: 7658: 7652: 7651:Hard and soft 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7621: 7614: 7609: 7607: 7602: 7600: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7461:Ranged weapon 7458: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7348:Choi Kwang-Do 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7278: 7273: 7271: 7266: 7264: 7259: 7258: 7255: 7249: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7226: 7221: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7150:"information" 7145: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7116: 7102:on 2015-06-19 7101: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7052: 7038:on 2012-06-13 7037: 7033: 7027: 7016: 7012: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6954:MARIA CHENG. 6950: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6914:on 2013-12-02 6913: 6909: 6905: 6898: 6886: 6882: 6875: 6869: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6818:on 2007-07-02 6817: 6813: 6809: 6802: 6791:September 11, 6786: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6761:September 11, 6756: 6752: 6748: 6742: 6731:September 11, 6726: 6722: 6718: 6712: 6701:September 11, 6696: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6671:September 11, 6666: 6662: 6656: 6640: 6636: 6633: 6626: 6618: 6612: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6588: 6580: 6574: 6563: 6557: 6549: 6543: 6535: 6529: 6521: 6515: 6507: 6501: 6493: 6487: 6479: 6473: 6465: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6434:"WTF History" 6429: 6413: 6409: 6408:Jhoonrhee.com 6405: 6399: 6383: 6379: 6378:Ataon;ine.com 6375: 6374:"ATA History" 6369: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6339: 6328:September 16, 6323: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6284:"ITF Austria" 6279: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6199: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6158: 6154: 6153:The Telegraph 6150: 6143: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6111: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6070: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5930: 5924: 5921:. ECW Press. 5919: 5918: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5883: 5879: 5878:ao.81.2.10moe 5875: 5872:Moenig, Udo. 5868: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5802: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5746: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5614: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5556:"tae kwon do" 5551: 5535: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5524:"tae kwon do" 5519: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5488:"tae kwon do" 5483: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5462: 5449: 5448:Chung Do Kwan 5445: 5440: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5397: 5396:Chung Do Kwan 5391: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5331: 5320: 5317: 5311: 5306: 5298: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5242:Jwa daelyeon 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5219:Free sparring 5218: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5104:Cheonman-eyo 5103: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5023:Guggi baerye 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4880:Gwanjang nim 4879: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4516:Juchum seogi 4515: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4414:Hanja (한자/漢字) 4413: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4329:Huryeo chagi 4328: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4200:Ap chaneohgi 4199: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4122:Jang gwon do 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4094:i ji gwan su 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4038:Yeop jileugi 4037: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4011:Sonmog deung 4010: 4008: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788:Middle Punch 3787: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3627:Without count 3626: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491:Finish / Stop 3490: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3404: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3096: 3090: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2995: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2934: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2888:Pacific Games 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2873:African Games 2871: 2870: 2869: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2852:Olympic Games 2850: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2782: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2744: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2685: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2619: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2591: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2564: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2459: 2442: 2438: 2421: 2417: 2400: 2396: 2379: 2375: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2299: 2294: 2288: 2284: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2246: 2241: 2236: 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1294: 1285: 1277: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1257:Olympic Games 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1184: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1126: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1093: 1087: 1080: 1074: 1069: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1000: 995: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 973: 967: 963: 959: 952: 945: 935: 933: 929: 925: 920: 918: 914: 913:Olympic event 910: 905: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 878: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 852: 849: 848: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 803: 797: 786: 776: 770: 665: 654: 648: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 614: 610: 602: 594: 592: 588: 580: 572: 570: 566: 561: 554: 550: 547: 545: 541: 538: 534: 532: 528: 525: 521: 519: 515: 511: 507: 502: 499: 495: 492: 488: 485: 482: 478: 474: 472: 468: 465: 461: 458: 454: 449: 445: 442: 438: 435:(South Korea) 434: 431: 429: 424: 420: 415: 404: 400: 398:Olympic sport 396: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 338: 334: 331: 327: 323: 321:Also known as 319: 315: 309: 304: 298: 290: 287: 272: 269: 261: 250: 247: 243: 240: 236: 233: 229: 226: 222: 219: – 218: 214: 213:Find sources: 207: 203: 197: 196: 191:This article 189: 185: 180: 179: 170: 167: 159: 149: 144: 140: 136: 135: 128: 119: 118: 113: 111: 104: 103: 98: 97: 92: 87: 78: 77: 72: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 9404: 9297: 9293:Table tennis 9263:Rugby sevens 9236:Trampolining 9206:Field hockey 9194:Show jumping 9167:Road cycling 9140:Canoe sprint 9135:Canoe slalom 8963: 8908: 8862:Pencak silat 8838: 8793: 8736: 8572:Stage combat 8526:Mardani khel 8448:Jeet Kune Do 8406:Silat Melayu 8369:Pencak silat 8321:Self-defense 8263:Full contact 8250: 8238: 8185: 8176:Shoot boxing 8116:Chess boxing 8016:Malla-yuddha 7953:Punching bag 7943:Boxing glove 7800:Leg strikes 7779:Elbow strike 7765:Arm strikes 7620:Martial arts 7568:Song Deok-gi 7497:Kyeok Sul Do 7492:Kuk Sool Won 7436:Korean sword 7418:Melee weapon 7392: 7368:Moo Duk Kwan 7220: 7200: 7188:. 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Retrieved 5502:the original 5491: 5482: 5465: 5439: 5431: 5426: 5406: 5400:Moo Duk Kwan 5390: 5369: 5342: 5165:Self Defense 5000:Country Flag 4941:Master level 4841:Gat-eun bal 4452:Front Stance 4438:Ready stance 3931:Sonnaldeung 3823:Deungjumeog 3774:Middle punch 3613:By the count 3599:Look / Focus 3420: 3416: 3409: 3391:+75 kg 3377:−75 kg 3366:−75 kg 3352:−63 kg 3344:−61 kg 3333:−51 kg 3325:−60 kg 3280:+80 kg 3266:−90 kg 3255:−80 kg 3241:−71 kg 3233:−73 kg 3222:−57 kg 3214:−66 kg 3169:+73 kg 3164:−73 kg 3156:−67 kg 3148:−62 kg 3140:−57 kg 3132:−55 kg 3127:−53 kg 3119:−49 kg 3114:−49 kg 3106:−44 kg 3101:−46 kg 3070:+87 kg 3065:−87 kg 3060:−80 kg 3052:−78 kg 3047:−74 kg 3039:−68 kg 3031:−63 kg 3023:−58 kg 3015:−55 kg 3010:−51 kg 3005:−48 kg 3000:−54 kg 2969:+67 kg 2961:−67 kg 2953:−57 kg 2945:−49 kg 2914: 2902: 2867: 2823:(since 2009) 2807: 2788: 2776: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2748: 2713: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2633: 2629: 2613: 2588: 2583: 2569: 2558:Competitions 2527: 2523: 2514:biomechanics 2509: 2506: 2487: 2484: 2464: 2346: 2338: 2331: 2319: 2315: 2297: 2296:or formerly 2267: 2261: 2252: 2250: 2214: 2187: 2084: 2081: 2059: 2055: 2035: 1996: 1978: 1957: 1950: 1937: 1922: 1913: 1904: 1895: 1886: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1843:In 1972 the 1842: 1825:Choi Hong-hi 1814: 1791: 1786: 1776: 1766: 1762: 1760: 1754: 1747: 1741: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1713: 1708: 1705:Choi Hong-hi 1699: 1655: 1639: 1581: 1569: 1313: 1296: 1261:Pan Am Games 1250: 1230: 1225: 1218:North Korean 1215: 1180: 1121:"hand" with 1114: 1027:Choi Hong-hi 1019:Syngman Rhee 1016: 1007: 990: 966:martial arts 958:World War II 955: 950: 921: 917:South Korean 901:. Gyeorugi ( 887:Choi Hong-hi 868: 856:combat sport 853: 841: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 813:combat sport 663: 662: 484:Combat sport 440:First played 401:Since 2000 ( 360:Choi Hong-hi 297: 282: 264: 255: 245: 238: 231: 224: 212: 200:Please help 195:verification 192: 162: 153: 146:Please help 142: 131: 107: 100: 94: 93:Please help 90: 46: 37:This is the 31: 8811:Asian Games 8696:World Games 8658:Greco-Roman 8478:Battlefield 8438:Chun Kuk Do 8381:Suffrajitsu 8191:Tang Soo Do 8066:Greco-Roman 7819:Knee strike 7736:Philippines 7487:Hwa Rang Do 7408:Yun Mu Kwan 7403:Tang Soo Do 7378:Soo Bahk Do 7358:Kong Soo Do 7315:Hapki yusul 7190:18 February 7160:18 February 7076:18 February 6908:The Gazette 6691:Tkd.otf.org 6548:"Han Mu Do" 6492:"Questions" 6358:January 25, 6344:"ITF Spain" 6298:January 25, 6288:itf-tkd.org 6163:21 November 6056:Lo, David. 5942:Lo, David. 5602:18 February 5444:Tang Soo Do 5412:Yun Mu Kwan 4894:Sabeom nim 4806:Double kick 4722:Oleun jjog 4709:Choe hadan 4521:Side Stance 4466:Back Stance 4411:Hangul (한글) 4373:Knee strike 4363:뒤 돌려 후려기 차기 4290:Yeop chagi 4066:il ji gwon 4030:Side punch 3950:Pliers hand 3936:Hammer fist 3918:Yeog su do 3716:Gong-gyeog 3649:Bal bakkwo 3641:Switch feet 3388:+75 kg 3385:+75 kg 3382:+70 kg 3374:−75 kg 3371:−70 kg 3363:−68 kg 3360:−69 kg 3357:−64 kg 3349:−58 kg 3341:−57 kg 3338:−52 kg 3330:−46 kg 3322:−54 kg 3319:−45 kg 3316:−40 kg 3277:+90 kg 3274:+85 kg 3271:+75 kg 3263:−85 kg 3260:−75 kg 3252:−80 kg 3249:−78 kg 3246:−69 kg 3238:−63 kg 3230:−64 kg 3227:−57 kg 3219:−51 kg 3211:−64 kg 3208:−50 kg 3205:−45 kg 3161:+68 kg 3153:−68 kg 3145:−63 kg 3137:−59 kg 3124:−52 kg 3111:−46 kg 3098:−42 kg 3057:+78 kg 3044:−73 kg 3036:−68 kg 3028:−63 kg 3020:−59 kg 2997:−45 kg 2966:+80 kg 2958:−80 kg 2950:−68 kg 2942:−58 kg 2898:Universiade 2878:Asian Games 2497:sam taegeuk 2380:Integrity ( 2290:(sometimes 2266:(sometimes 2257:in karate. 2167:are called 2143:are called 2119:are called 2095:are called 1936:A WT-style 1892:Hup Kwon Do 1652:Soo Bahk Do 1648:Tang Soo Do 1507:tteoreojigi 1095:"hand" and 1045:Tang Soo Do 928:Paralympics 787:: 777:: 544:World Games 346:South Korea 217:"Taekwondo" 156:August 2023 150:if you can. 9427:Categories 9313:Volleyball 9221:Gymnastics 9179:Equestrian 9152:BMX racing 9113:Basketball 9091:Water polo 8853:2018 Only 8714:Kickboxing 8468:Qwan Ki Do 8396:To-Shin Do 8326:combatives 8296:Pankration 8281:Kickboxing 8252:Xingyiquan 8240:Baguazhang 8206:Wudangquan 8136:Kickboxing 8031:Shuai jiao 7841:Joint lock 7758:techniques 7563:Sesok-ogye 7398:Tae Soo Do 7135:2016-04-30 7106:2015-06-13 7042:2012-01-26 6970:2017-10-02 6918:2013-05-06 6822:2007-08-11 6506:"Hanmoodo" 6270:B008UAO292 6241:2020-05-14 6213:B001GIOGL4 6100:2017-10-02 6042:2019-06-15 6017:2019-06-05 5988:2021-09-22 5888:2020-05-05 5858:2020-03-21 5775:2008-06-29 5736:2019-07-05 5635:2008-07-03 5457:References 5037:Gyeongnye 4913:Black Belt 4908:Gyosa nim 4819:Combo kick 4801:Ttwim-eul 4714:Right side 4686:Both hands 4672:Two handed 4541:交(叉/差)立姿勢 4394:Bit chagi 4342:Dwi chagi 4234:밖에서 안으로 차기 4221:안에서 밖으로 차기 4052:San maggi 4016:Side punch 3985:Batangson 3977:Palm heel 3972:Jang gwan 3958:Jibge son 3909:Ridge hand 3882:Spear hand 3815:Back fist 3783:Jung gwon 3580:Dwirodora 3513:Gyeonglye 2359:Courtesy ( 2343:Philosophy 2217:, Kukkiwon 2064:black belt 1901:Han Moo Do 1888:Capoeira. 1817:Jhoon Rhee 1545:discipline 1534:meditation 1530:Relaxation 1291:See also: 1031:Nam Tae-hi 976:opened in 942:See also: 835:(겨루기) and 633:t'aekwŏndo 531:Paralympic 379:Parenthood 228:newspapers 96:improve it 9433:Taekwondo 9405:See also: 9330:Wrestling 9308:Triathlon 9298:Taekwondo 9108:Badminton 9103:Athletics 8969:Wrestling 8964:Taekwondo 8914:Wrestling 8909:Taekwondo 8844:Wrestling 8839:Taekwondo 8799:Wrestling 8794:Taekwondo 8737:Taekwondo 8719:Muay Thai 8654:freestyle 8650:Wrestling 8645:Taekwondo 8521:Krav Maga 8433:Angampora 8401:Wing Chun 8359:Krav Maga 8349:Kajukenbo 8311:Vale Tudo 8186:Taekwondo 8151:Muay Thai 8141:Kun Khmer 8071:Mongolian 8061:freestyle 8041:Wrestling 8000:Para judo 7978:Grappling 7831:Grappling 7769:Chokehold 7699:Indonesia 7558:Muyesinbo 7393:Taekwondo 7363:Kyokushin 7292:Grappling 7215:, page 3. 6781:Tkd.co.uk 6090:BBC Sport 5848:151514066 5840:0952-3367 5706:15 August 5576:8 January 5540:8 January 5508:8 January 5432:taekwondo 5284:Gyeog pa 5214:Daelyeon 5200:Matseogi 5187:Gyeorugi 5174:Hosinsul 5069:Thank you 5056:Sit down! 5051:Mugnyeom 4833:Same foot 4735:Oen jjog 4727:Left side 4611:Hoengjin 4334:Back kick 4308:Hook kick 4282:Side kick 4247:앞 뻗어 올리 기 4187:Ap chagi 4003:Gooseneck 3963:Palm heel 3945:Gweon do 3904:Sonkkeut 3877:Jjileugi 3810:Gab gwon 3801:Back fist 3747:Punch/hit 3654:Dismissed 3458:Charyeot 3450:Attention 3079:WT Female 2925:Olympics 2247:, Finland 2209:sabum-nim 2197:kyosa-nim 1910:Han Mu Do 1777:In 1969, 1733:Chang Hon 1729:Chang Hon 1656:taekwondo 1549:etiquette 1538:breathing 1520:anaerobic 1025:officers 664:Taekwondo 619:taegwondo 563:Taekwondo 512:Worldwide 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